Prefixes, Suffixes, 2 and Abbreviations - Jones & Bartlett Learning

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Prefixes, Suffixes,

and Abbreviations

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2

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Chapter Outline

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? Suffixes,

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Common

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Suffixes

Related

Conditions

Diseases, 27

Suffixes Related to Surgery, 28

Other Suffixes, 29

Common Prefixes, 22

Prefixes Involving Number, 22

Prefixes Involving Negation, 23

Prefixes Involving Position, Time,

or Direction, 24? Jones & Bartlett Common

Abbreviations,

31

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Prefixes Involving Relative

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Up, 34

Characteristics, 25

Other Prefixes, 27

Chapter Review, 35

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Learning

Outcomes

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After completing this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Define common prefixes used in medical terms.

Define common

suffixes

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Learning,

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Understand

medical terms by analyzing their prefixes

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4. Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms built with common prefixes

and suffixes.

5. Understand common abbreviations used in health care.

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6. Successfully complete all chapter exercises.

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22

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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¡öSALE

INTRODUCTION

As you learned in Chapter 1, prefixes and suffixes are basic word parts used

in many medical terms (Figure 2-1). This chapter includes the most common

prefixes

and suffixes.

Learning

these now will pave the way

for learning

medical

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& Bartlett

Learning,

LLC

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Learning,

terms related to the body systems in later chapters.

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dys(painful)

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ur/o

(urine)

cardi/o

LL

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-ia

(condition of)

=

Dysuria

Condition of painful

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Learning, LLC

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Cardiology

-logy

?(heart)

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Learning,

= LLC

(study of)

Study of the heart

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Learning,

LLC

intracrani/o

(within)OR DISTRIBUTION

(skull)

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-al

(pertaining to)

Intracranial

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=

Pertaining

to

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OR DISTRIBUT

within the skull

Figure 2-1 Word parts fit together like jigsaw puzzle pieces to form medical terms.

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¡ö COMMON PREFIXES

A prefix modifies the meaning of the word root or combining form to which it is

joined. Prefixes can be learned in groups based on number or based on similar

LLC

Jones

Bartletttables.

Learning, LLC

or opposite meanings, as?

seen

in the&following

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Prefixes Involving Number

Prefix

unimono-

Meaning

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Example

one & Bartlett Learning,

unilateral

(relating to one side of the?body)

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mononeural (supplied by one nerve)NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUT

NOT one

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bi-

two

bilateral (relating to two sides)

di-

two

diarthric (relating to two joints)

tri-

three

trimester (three months; one-third the length of pregnancy)

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quad-, quadrifour

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quadruplets (four infants born together)

hemi-

half

hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)

semi-

half, partly

semirecumbent (position of half sitting up in bed)

multi-

many

multicellular (composed of many cells)

many, much

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polyarteritis

of several arteries)

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Prefixes with the Same Meaning: Several prefixes have the same basic meaning;

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OR DISTRIBUTION

NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONhowever, they are not interchangeably

with a given word root. For instance,

bi- and di- both mean two, but it would be incorrect to use the prefix di- with the

word lateral to indicate both sides. The correct term is bilateral. Unfortunately,

there are no rules on the usage of prefixes with the same meaning; however,

you will learn which prefix goes with each word root as you encounter the actual

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Bartlett

LLC

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medical

terms Learning,

in later chapters.

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Learning, LL

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¡ö Exercises: Prefixes Involving Number

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Exercise

1 DISTRIBUTION

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SALE OR

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Write the correct prefix for the meaning given.

1. one:

or

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or OR DISTRIBUTION

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3. three:

4. four:

5.

or

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many:

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or

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Exercise 2

the meaning

of the LLC

prefix given.

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Learning,

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1. semi-

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Abbreviations

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two:

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2

2. hemi3. poly- LLC

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uni-

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5. quadr-

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Prefixes Involving

Negation

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Prefix

Meaning

Example

a-, an-

without, not

afebrile (without fever), anaerobic (without oxygen)

anti-, contra-

against

antibacterial (active against bacteria)

de-

away from, cessation,

without

deaminase (enzyme that takes away an amino group from a compound)

dis-

separate

disarticulate (separate bones at the joint)

im-, in-, non-

not

impotent (not able to perform sexual intercourse), incompetent (not capable)

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contraception (prevention of conception or pregnancy)

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noninfectious (not able to spread disease)

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24

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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Learning,

LLC Involving

Exercise:

Prefixes

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Negation

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Exercise 3

Write the meaning of the prefix given.

1.

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contra-NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

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2. im3. de-

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4. anNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION

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5. dis-

Prefixes Involving Position, Time, or Direction

? JonesPrefix

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Meaning

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Example

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ab-

away from

abduct (move a limb away from the body¡¯s midline)

ad-

to, toward

adduct (move a limb toward the body¡¯s midline)

ect-, ecto-

outer, outside

ectoderm (outer layer of cells in the embryo)

en-, end-, endo-

in, within

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ex-, exo-

out of, away from

(present

within a region or group) ? Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL

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Learning,

LLC

endocardium

(innermost layer of the heart) NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUT

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exhale (to breathe out)

exoenzyme (enzyme that functions outside the cell)

infra-

below, beneath

infrasplenic (below the spleen)

intra-

within

intra-articular (within the cavity of a joint)

per-

through

percutaneous (passage of a substance through unbroken skin)

peri-

around, surrounding

pericarditis (inflammation of the membrane around the heart)

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interbetween

intercostal (between the ribs)

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after, behind

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prebefore (in time or space)

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postmortem

death)

? (occurring

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Learning, LLC

precancerous

(lesion

that

has notOR

yet DISTRIBUTION

become cancerous)

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sub-

below, beneath

subcutaneous (beneath the skin)

super-, supra-

above

superinfection (a new infection beyond the one that is already present)

sym-, syn-

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together, with

symphysis (type of joint where bones come together)

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suprarenal (above the kidney)

synapse (where one nerve cell meets another)

trans-

across, through

transection (cutting across)

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Learning,

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¡ö Exercises:

Prefixes

Involving

or Direction

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Exercise 4

Write the correct prefix for the meaning given.

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1. between

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2. after, behind

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Chapter 2 Prefixes, Suffixes, and Abbreviations

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3. through LLC

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4. above

25

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or Learning, LLC

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or

5. within

or

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Exercise

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Write the meaning of the prefix given.

1. ecto-

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2. abNOT FOR

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3. pre-

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Prefixes Involving Relative Characteristics

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Abbreviations

4. sub-

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synNOT FOR SALE OR5.DISTRIBUTION

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Many prefixes express

a characteristic

thatLearning,

is relative toLLC

something else. Relative ? Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL

means there is a relationship

to

something

else

or

something

can be compared

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to something else. You have already seen some relative prefixes in the preceding

categories, including prefixes involving time (this happened before that) or space

(this is located beneath that).

Often, these prefixes describe a quality or characteristic of something

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compared

to a &

normal

situation

(Figure 2-2).

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2

Hypertensive

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Normotensive

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Hypotensive

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Figure 2-2 Different prefixes used with the same

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word root and suffix can change the word meaning,

and the patient¡¯s care, dramatically.

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