Human Anatomy & Physiology: Latin and Greek Word-Part List (prefixes ...
[Pages:6]Human Anatomy & Physiology: Latin and Greek Word-Part List (prefixes, suffixes, roots)
Students of any biology course should learn to recognize the meaning of word parts as they often give clues to the meaning of a scientific term, function, or process. Science terminology is predominately based in the Latin and Greek languages.
The following list of prefixes, suffixes, and roots will be used in this and most Biology (bio = life, logy = study of) courses.
To help with pronunciation, word parts need to be linked together. The linkage for many word parts is "o". For example, linking the root "cardi" with the suffix "-pathy" would make the word difficult to pronounce; therefore an "o" is used to link the root with the suffix. The completed word is written "cardiopathy" and pronounced kar-deop-ah-the (heart disease).
Accurate spelling of each work is also important. Changing one letter may change the word part and its meaning. Examples include: "ileum" is a part of the small intestine & "ilium" is a bone in the hips, "ped" refers to the foot & "pedia" refers to children, "ab" means away & "ad" means toward. Finding a word in a dictionary, glossary, or index requires a knowledge of spelling ? at least the beginning of a word. For example, pneumonia and psychology have a silent "p".
By the end of this course you should be able to: (1) Understand the importance of medical terminology and how it can be incorporated into the study of the human body, (2) Differentiate between a prefix, suffix, word root, and a compound term, (3) Link word parts to form medical terms, (4) Differentiate between singular and plural endings of medical terms, (5) Dissect (cut) compound medical terms into parts to analyze their meaning, and (6) Recognize and pronounce commonly used prefixes, suffixes, and root words used in medical terminology. The last page of this "Word Part" packet has a list of singular and plurals word forms.
Word Part
a-, an, non ab-, efad-, afadi-, lip(o)-alg anaang(i)ante-, pre-, proanti-, contraaqua(e)-, hydr arthr(o), artic-ase audiaut(o)bi-, di-, diplobrachy-, brev(i)bradybronch-
Meaning
Without, Not Away Toward Fat Pain Up Vessel Before
Against, Resisting Water Joint Enzyme Hear Self Two Short Slow Airway
Example(s)
Apnea, Anuria, Nonstriated Abductor muscle, Efferent Neuron Afferent neuron, Adductor muscle
Adipose, Liposuction Neuralgia, Fibromyalgia
Anabolic reaction Angiogenesis, Vasodialator
Prenatal, Antebrachial, Promonocyte
Antibody, Contraception Aqueous, hydrocephalus
Arthritis, Articulation Maltase, Lipase Auditory nerve Autoimmunity
Bicuspid, Diencephalon, Diplococcus
Brachydactyly, Fibularis brevis Bradycardia Bronchitis
Meaning of Example(s)
Word Part #1
Not breathing, Without urine, Muscle not striated
Muscle pulling away from midline (deltoid), Carrying info away from brain
Carry info toward brain, Muscle pulling toward midline (groin)
Fat tissue, Removing (by suction) fat from the body
Nerve pain, Muscle pain
Building up molecules (bonding amino acids together to make proteins)
Making of a new blood vessel, Medicines that widen a vessel
Before birth, Before the upper arm, Before the monocyte is mature
Resisting a foreign body (pathogen), Against conception (egg + sperm)
Water solution, Water (cerebral spinal fluid ? CSF) on the brain
Joint inflammation, Joint (where two bones meet)
Enzyme breaking down maltose, Enzyme breaking down lipids/fats
Nerve connecting the ear to the brain
Self-immunity (when a persons antibodies attack its own cells/tissues)
2 pointed (tooth or heart valve), 2 parts within the brain, 2 round bacteria
Short digits (toes or fingers), Short muscle in the lower leg
Slower than normal heart rate
Airway (bronchus ? tube entering lungs) inflammation
cardcat-
Word Part
cent-centesis cephal-, -ceps chol-, cystic chondr-cide circ-, peri-clast
co-, con-, sym-, syn-, sys-
coel-, sinu-
Heart Down
Meaning
100, 100th Puncture
Head Gallbladder
Cartilage Kill
Around Break, Destroy Together, With Cavity, Space
Cardiology
Study of the heart
Catabolic reaction
Example(s)
Century, Centigram
Breaking down molecules (protein bonds being broken to form amino acids)
Word Quiz #2
Meaning of Example(s)
100 years, 1/100th of a gram
Amniocentesis
Puncture to aspirate (remove) amniotic fluid from amniotic sac
Hydrocephalus, Biceps femoris Water in brain (in the head), 2-headed (2 tendons) muscle by femur
Cholecystokinin, Cystic duct Hormone causing gallbladder contraction, Tube (for bile) from gallbladder
Chrondrocyte
Cartilage cell
Spermacide
Sperm killer
Circumcision, Periodontal Cut around (ex. male foreskin), Around the teeth
Osteoclast
Bone breaker (cells that destroy cells, thus shaping a bone)
Congenital, Synthesis, System Born with, Put together, Organs working together
Coelom, Frontal sinus
Body cavity, Space in the frontal bone
Word Part
corp-, soma-crine cut, derm cyan-cyte dactyl, digit dec(k) dent, dont dia-, per-, transdys-, mal-
Meaning
Body Secrete, Release
Skin Blue Cell Finger or Toe 10, 1/10th Tooth/Teeth Through, Separate, Across Bad, Painful, Difficult
Example(s)
Corpus luteum, Somatic cell Endocrine gland
Subcutaneous, Dermatitis Cyanosis Leukocyte Syndactyly
Decade, Dekagram, Deciliter Dentalgia, Orthodontist
Diarrhea, Permaeable, Transcutaneous Dyspnea, Malnutrition, Malabsorption
Word Part #3
Meaning of Example(s)
Yellow body (former follicle in ovary), Body cell (all non-sex cells) Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream Below the skin, Skin inflammation Condition causing skin to turn blue (due to low oxygen levels) White blood cell Fingers or Toes that are together (webbed) 10 years, 10 grams, 1/10th of a liter Tooth pain, Doctor that straightens teeth Flow through (intestines), Across a membrane, Across skin
Difficult breathing, Bad nutrition/diet, Poor nutrient absorption
Word Part
-ectomy, -tom, -sect ectopedem-emesis -emia en, endo-, intraepi-
Meaning
Cut, Cut out Displaced Swelling Vomiting Blood condition Inside, Within Upon, Over, Above
Example(s) Appendectomy, Lobotomy, Dissect
Ectopic pregnancy Lymphedema Hyperemesis Hypoglycemia
Endosteum, Intraocular Epidermis, Epididymis
Word Part #4
Meaning of Example(s)
Cut out appendix, Cut out cerebral (brain) lobe, Cut in two Displaced pregnancy (embryo implant outside uterus ? usually oviduct) Swelling of tissues due to the accumulation of lymph Excessive vomiting Low blood sugar Cavity/space inside a bone, Inside the orbit or eye socket Layer of skin over the dermis, Coiled tubes above the testes
equi-, homo-, isoerythr-esthe
Word Part
ex-, ectofasciforamgastr-gen, poie-, blast ger (o, i) glomgloss/tt, lingu gluc-, gly, -ose gyn
Same, Equal, Balanced
Red Sensation
Homeostasis, Isotonic Erythrocyte Anesthesia
Meaning
Outside Bundle Opening Stomach Create, Form Aging, Old
Ball Tongue Sugar Woman
Example(s)
Extracelluar fluid Muscle or nerve fascicle
Infraorbital foramen Gastric bypass surgery Oogenesis, Hemopoiesis, Osteoblast Gerontology, Geriatrics
Glomerulus Hypoglossal, Sublingual
Glucose, Glycogen Gynecologist
Constant internal balance (of body functions), Equal solute (ICF & ECF)
Red blood cell
With sensation or feeling
Meaning of Example(s)
Word Part #5
Solute/fluid located outside of cells
A bundle or grouping of muscle or nerve cells
An opening in the bone below the eye for nerves & vessels to pass
Surgery for obese patients to dramatically reduce stomach size
Create an egg, Form new blood cells, Make new bone cells
Study of aging, Branch of medicine dealing with older patients
A ball of capillaries in the kidney where metabolic waste is filtered
Cranial nerve connected under the tongue, Salivary gland under tongue
Monosaccharide of carbohydrates (sugars), Big molecule made of glucose
Doctor specializing in the treatment of females & their repro system
Word Part
-gram -graph -graphy hemhemi-, semihepathexhisthyper-
hypo-, infra-, infer-,sub-
Meaning
Something written Writing apparatus
Use of writing apparatus
Blood Half Liver Six Tissue Over, Excessive
Under, Below, Less
Example(s)
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electrocardiograph Electrocardiography Hemothorax Cerebral hemisphere Hepatitis Hexose Histology
Hypertonic, Hyperesthesia
Hypotonic, Infraorbital, Inferior, submandibular
Word Part #6
Meaning of Example(s)
Print out of the electrical activity of the heart Apparatus/machine used to make an electrocardiogram The use of the electrocardiograph Blood that has leaked into the chest cavity One half of the brain (left or right cerebral hemisphere) Inflammation of the liver (usually caused by viral infection) A sugar containing 6 carbons (glucose = C6H12O6) Study of tissues Greater solute concentration, Excessive/over sensitivity
Lesser solute concentration, below eye, under the jaw
Word Part
hyster-, metr-iasis, -osis -itis interkilo-, millikinlact-
Meaning
Uterus Condition of Inflammation of
Between 1000, 1000th To move, Divide
Milk
Example(s)
Hysterectomy, Endometrium Cholelithiasis, Nephrosis Appendicitis Interstitial Fluid Kilogram, Milligram Kinesiology, Cytokinesis Lactose
Word Part #7
Meaning of Example(s)
Cutting out of uterus, Inner lining of uterus (lost each month in females) Having gallstones, Kidney disorder Inflammation (swelling, redness, warmth, & pain) of the appendix An extracellular fluid found between cells 1000 grams, 1000th of a gram Study of body movement (mechanics of muscles), Cell Division Milk sugar
laparleuk(c)lig-
Abdomen White
Connect, Bind
Laparscopy Leucopoeisis Ligaments, Ligase
Abdomen viewed (small holes in abdomen replace large surgical incisions) The making of white blood cells (wbc's) Connective tissue joining bone to bone, Enzyme that forms bonds
Word Part
-logy, -ist, -ician lys, lyze macr-, mega, magn-
mamm-, mass-, pect-
-mania med-, meso-, meta-megaly melanomens-metric, -meter
Meaning
Study of, Specialist Break apart, Dissolve
Large Breast, Chest
Obsession, Compulsion
Middle Enlargement
Black Month Measurement, Length
Example(s)
Cardiology, Pharmacist, Dietician Hydrolysis, Lysosome
Macrophage, Magnum foramen
Mammary, Massectomy, Pectoralis
Kleptomania
Mediastinum, Mesoderm, Metaphase
Splenomegaly Melanocyte
Menstrual cycle Isometric, Spirometer
Word Part #8
Meaning of Example(s)
Study of heart, Drug/medicinal specialist, Nutrition specialist Breaking down macromolecules, Organelle that digests/dissolves Big WBC that eats/digests, Large opening in skull for spinal cord Breast tissue, Breast removal, Chest muscle Compulsion to steal
Middle space of chest cavity, Middle germ layer, Chromosomes in middle
Enlargement of the spleen (usually due to infection) Black pigmented cells of the skin The 28 day cycle involving the endometrium of the uterus Using skeletal muscle w/o movement, Breathing/air measurement
Word Part
micro-, -ole, -ule mnemmono-, unimorph, -plasty mort, necrmulti-, polymutmyonas-, rhin nat-
Meaning
Small Memory
One Shape Death Many Change Muscle Nose Birth
Example(s)
Microscope, Arteriole, Venule Amnesia
Monozygotic, Unicellular Morphology, Rhinoplasty Post mortem, Necrotic tissue Multinucleate, Polysaccharide
Mutation Myopathy, Myofibril Nasal septum, Rhinovirus
Prenatal
Word Part #9
Meaning of Example(s)
Apparatus used to view small objects, Small artery, Small vein Loss of memory Twins coming from the same zygote (identical), 1-celled organism Differentiating/distinguishing by shape, Nose shaping (surgical repair) After death, dead tissue Many nuclei (ex. Skeletal muscle), Many monosaccharides Any change in the sequence of DNA Muscle disease, Skeletal muscle cell Division/wall in the nasal cavity, Virus frequently infecting the nose Before birth
Word Part
neonephr-, ren o(o), ovi oct
ocu, ophth, opt, orbit
-oid
Meaning
New Kidney
Egg Eight Eye
Resembling, Shape of
Example(s)
Neonatal Nephrosclerosis, Renal vein
Oophorectomy, Oviduct Octet rule
Orbicularis occuli, Ophthalmologist
Sigmoid colon
Word Part #10
Meaning of Example(s)
Newborn Hardening of the kidney, Vessel carrying blood away from kidney Removal of ovary (egg maker), Tube transporting egg to uterus Atoms' desire to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons (allows bonding) Muscle around eye (allows winking), Eye doctor S-shaped (end of colon, connects to rectum)
olig-oma, onco -opia or(a)
Little, Few Tumor Vision Mouth
Oliguria Melanoma, Oncologist
Hyperopia Orbicularis oris
Very little urine produced Tumor in the melanocytes of the skin, Tumor specialist Farsightedness (can see distance well, vision is blurry up close) Muscle around the mouth (allows puckering)
Word Part
-scopy ost-ostomy ot palp, tact para path ped, pod pent phago
Meaning
To view, See Bone
Make an opening Ear
Touch, Feel Beside Disease
Foot, Feet Five
Eat, Feed
Example(s)
Arthroscopic surgery Osteoblast, Osteomyelitis
Tracheostomy Otoscope
Palpate, Tactile Parathyroid glands Pathogenic bacteria
Pedal, Podiatrist Pentose
Phagocyte
Word Part #11
Meaning of Example(s)
Inserting a camera into a joint to aid in surgery Maker of new bone cells, Bone infection Make an opening in the trachea/windpipe ? due to blocked pharynx/throat) Instrument used to view the ear Feeling for physical abnormalities (bumps, hardness, swelling, etc.) Small glands imbedded into the sides of the thyroid gland (in neck) Disease causing bacteria (tetanus, E. coli, streptococcus, etc.) Involving the foot, Foot specialist 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose, ribose) Eating cell (ex. ? WBC's engulfing bacteria & dead cells)
Word Part
pharm -phasia phleb photo, lumen phobia, phobe phys -plasia plegia pnea, spir pneum, pulmon
Meaning
Drug Speech
Vein Light Fear Function Growth, Formation Paralysis Breathing Lungs, Air
Example(s)
Psychopharmic Dysphagia
Phlebotomist Photoreceptor, Gastric lumen
Hydrophobia Physiology Hyperplasia Quadriplegia Apnea ,Inspire Pneumothorax, Pulmonary embolus
Word Part #12
Meaning of Example(s)
Drugs that affect the mind
Difficulty speaking
One who specializes in drawing blood
Light sensitive cells of the eye, Space where digested food travels
Fear of water
(HAPoexaminophobe ? One who fears HAP tests)
Study of how something functions
Excessive growth (tumor)
Paralysis of all four limbs
Moments of breathing cessation (usually during sleep), Breathing in
Air seeping into chest cavity, A blood clot stuck in the lungs
Word Part
post prim proct pseudo
psych, phren, -noia
Meaning
After First Rectum, Anus False Mind
Example(s)
Post natal Primary bronchus Proctoscope, Proctologist Pseudounipolar neuron Psychosis, Scizzophrenia
Word Part #13
Meaning of Example(s)
After birth First branching of the airway beyond the trachea Apparatus used to view the rectum, Colon-Rectum-Anus specialist Neuron common in the eye General term for conditions affecting the brain, Split mind
quad, tetra re-, retro -rrhea schlero sept, tox
Word Part
sten strat super, supra tachy -tension therm thromb -tonic tri-, tertzyg
Four Back, Again, Past Flow, Discharge
Hard (ening)
Poison, Contaminate
Quadriceps, Tetralogy of Fallot Reinfect, Retrograde amnesia
Diarrhea, Otorrhea Arteriosclerosis, Scleroderma
Antiseptic, Cytotoxin
The 4 large muscles (of the ventral thigh), 4 conditions of "blue babies" To become infected again, Inability to remember events of the recent past Flow through (feces through intestines), Ear discharge Hardening of the arteries, Hardening of the skin (and other tissues) Against poison (germ killer ? lysol), Cell poison
Meaning
Narrowing Layer
Above, Over Fast
Pressure Heat Clot
Strength Three, Third
Union
Example(s)
Pyloric stenosis Stratified squamous epithelia Superier vena cava, Supraorbital
Tachycardia Hypertension Thermoreceptor Thrombocyte
Isotonic Triglyceride, Tertiary bronchus
Zygote
Word Part #14
Meaning of Example(s)
Narrowing of the distal stomach where it feeds into the small intestinge Many layers of flat cells (the skin is an example) Veins bringing blood from above the heart, Over the eye Faster than normal heart rate High blood pressure (pressure exerted on artery walls) Nerve receptors that detect changes in temperature Clotting cell (also called a platelet) Equal concentration of solute between ICF and ECF Lipid containing a glycerol & 3 fatty acids, 3rd division off trachea (airway) Union of egg and sperm
The following information will be helpful to you but will not be on any of the weekly word part quizzes.
Singular
Plural
-us (thrombus, nucleus) -a (ampulla)
-ix, -ex (appendix, cortex) -ax (thorax) -ur (femur)
-on (mitochondrion), -um (flagellum) -en (lumen, foramen)
-is (neurosis)
-i (thrombi, nuclei) -ae (ampullae)
-ices (appendices, cortices) -aces (thoraces) -ora (femora)
-a (mitochondria, flagella) -ena or ?ina (lumena, foramina)
-es (neuroses)
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