PDF Middleware and Flash Translation Layer Co-Design for the ...
Middleware and Flash Translation Layer Co-Design for the Performance
Boost of Solid-State Drives
Chao Sun1, Asuka Arakawa1, Ayumi Soga1, Chihiro Matsui1 and Ken Takeuchi1
1Chuo University
Flash Memory Summit 2015
Santa Clara, CA
1
Outline
Introduction Three Techniques to Boost SSD Performance
Storage Engine Assisted SSD SEA-SSD) Logical Block Address (LBA) Scrambler Storage Class Memory (SCM)/NAND Flash Hybrid SSD
Conclusion
Flash Memory Summit 2015
Santa Clara, CA
2
Solid-State Drive
SSD is composed of NAND flash memories. SSD controller manages the data storage.
SSD
Channel-1
Way-1
Way-2
Way-m
NAND flash
NAND
...
flash
NAND flash
Host interface logic
Channel-2
SSD controller Way-1
Way-2
Way-m
NAND flash
NAND
...
flash
NAND flash
...
Channel-n
DRAM
Way-1
Way-2
NAND flash
NAND flash
Way-m
...
NAND flash
Flash Memory Summit 2015
Santa Clara, CA
[1] C. Sun et al., TCAS-I, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 120-129, Jan. 2015.
3
NAND Flash Memory
The read/write unit of the NAND flash memory is a page. The erase unit of the NAND flash memory is a block. In-place overwrite is prohibited: overwrite involves a page read + a
page write.
Bit-Line (BL)
Source-Line (SL)
Page
Block
Word-Line (WL)
Frequent overwrite create massive number of invalid pages.
Flash Memory Summit 2015
Santa Clara, CA
[1] K. Takeuchi, JSSC, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1227-1234, 2009.
4
Garbage Collection of SSD
GC is triggered when SSD runs out of free spaces. GC can be the bottleneck of SSD write throughput.
NAND Chip
Valid page Invalid page
4. Erase the next erase block
...
Nvalid: # of valid pages
in the next erase block
Blank page
1. Read valid pages in the next erase block
Next erase block New block
...
GC latency: Nvalid x ( Tread + Twrite) + Terase
= Nvalid x 1.7ms + 8.5ms
Page copy time Erase time
If Nvalid exceeds 54, GC latency > 100ms
Page Buffer
3. Write to a new block
2. Data out/in, ECC
Flash Memory Summit 2015
SSD Controller
Santa Clara, CA
[1] K. Takeuchi, JSSC, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 219-232, 2007.
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