List of Greek and Latin roots in English
[Pages:38]List of Greek and Latin roots in English
1
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in English. Some of those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead in Wikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
? ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
A
Root
Meaning in English
Origin language
Etymology (root origin)
English examples
ab-, a-, abs-
away from
Latin
ab "away"
abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstract, aversion
ac-
sharp or pointed
Latin
acere
acupuncture
acerb-
sharp, bitter, sour
Latin
acerbus
acerbic, exacerbate
acid-
sour or acid
Latin
acidus
acidosis
acr-
height, summit, tip
Greek
(?kros) "high", "extreme" acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia
acr-
bitter, pungent, sharp, sour
Latin
acer, acris
acrid, acrimony
acu-
sharp
Latin
acutus, past participle of acuere acupuncture, acute, "to sharpen", from acus "needle" acutifoliate
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-
movement to or toward; in addition to
Latin
ad "to", "toward"
accept, adapt, affect, approximate, ascend
adip-
fat
Latin
adeps, adipis "fat"
adipose
aer-
air, atmosphere
Greek
(ar) "air"
aeronautics, aerosol
aesthet-
feeling, sensation
Greek
aisthtikos "of sense perception" from (aisthanesthai) "to perceive"
aesthetics, anaesthetic
agr-
field
Greek
(agros) "field"
agronomy
agri-, -egri-
field
Latin
ager, agris "field, country"
agriculture, peregrine
alb-
dull white
Latin
albus
albedo, albino, albumen
am-, amat-, amor-
love, loved
Latin
amor "love" from amre "to love"
amateur, amorous
ambi-
both, on both sides
Latin
ambi "on both sides"
ambidexterity, ambivalent
amic-, -imic-
friend
Latin
amicus
amicable, inimical
amph-, amphi- around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds Greek
(amphi) "on both sides"
amphibian, amphibolic, amphoterism
ampl-
ample, abundant, bountiful
Latin
amplus
amplification
an-, a-
not, without
Greek
Greek -/- "not"
anhydrous, atypical
ana-, an-
again, against, back, up
Greek
(ana) "again", "against"
anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anion, anode
andr-
male, masculine
Greek
andros
androgen, android
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
2
anemanimann-, -enn-
wind breath year, yearly
Greek Latin Latin
ant-, anti-
against, opposed to, preventive
Greek
ante-, anti-
before, in front of, prior to
Latin
anthanthrop-
flower human
Greek Greek
ap-, apo-
away from, separate, at the farthest point
Greek
aqu-
water
Latin
arararche-, archi-
plow, till be dry ruler
Latin Latin Greek
archae-, arche- ancient
Greek
arct-
argentaristarthrastr-
Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis
Greek
silver
Latin
excellence
Greek
joint
Greek
star, star-shaped
Greek
athlaudi-
prize hearing, listening, sound
Greek Latin
aug-, auctaurauriaut-, auto-
grow, increase relating to gold, or gold-colored relating to the ear self; directed from within
Latin Latin Latin Greek
aviaxiaxio-
bird axis merit
Latin Latin Greek
anemos
anemometer
anima "breath"
animal, animation
annus "year"
anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium
anti "against"
antagonist, antibiotic, antipodes
ante "before", "against"
antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian
(anthos) "flower"
anther, anthology
(anthropos) "man"
anthropology, anthropomorphic
(apo) "from, away, un-, quite"
apocrine, apogee, apostasy
aqua
aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer
rre
arable
rre "be dry or parched"
arid
(arch) "rule" (in compounds: -, -)
archangel, archetype
arkhaios "ancient" from archaeology or archeology,
arkh "beginning"
archaic
arktos "bear"
Arctic Ocean
argentum , aret, aristos (arthron) (astron) "star"
(athlos) "contest, feat" audire "to hear"
augre, auctus "to increase" aurum "gold" auris "ear" (autos) "self", "same"
avis axis (axios) "worth"
argent, Argentina aristocracy arthritis, arthropod asterisk, astrology, astronomy, disaster athlete, pentathlon audible, auditorium, auditory augend, augmentation aureate, aureole auricle autograph, automobile, autonomy aviary, aviation axisymmetry axiology
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
3
B
Root bacbarbasi-
bathy-, bathobe-, beatbellbenbibibbiblbio-
blennblast-
bonbor-
botan-
bovbrachibrachybradybranchibrev(i)brizbrom-
brom-
bronchbrontbuccbulbbullburs-
Meaning in English rod-shaped weight, pressure at the bottom
deep, depth
Origin language
Etymology (root origin)
English examples
Latin
from baculum "rod"
bacilla, bacteria
Greek
(baros)
barograph, barometer
Greek
from , I walk, march, basic, basis "step"
Greek
(bath?s, bath?s)
batholith, bathyscaphe
bless war good, well two drink book life
Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Greek Greek
slime
Greek
germ, embryo, bud, cell with Greek nucleus
good
Latin
north
Greek / Latin (boreas)
plant
Greek
cow, ox arm short slow gill brief, short (time) nod, slumber oats
Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek Latin Greek Greek
stench
Greek
windpipe thunder cheek, mouth, cavity bulbous bubble, flask pouch, purse
Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin
beare, beatus
beatification
bellum, belli
antebellum, bellicose, belligerent
bene (adverb)
benefit, benignity
bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos"
binary, binoculars, bigamy, biscotti
bibere, bibitus
imbibe
(bibl?on) "book"
bible, bibliography
(b?os) "life"
biography, biology, biologist, biosphere, bioluminescent
(blennos)
blennophobia, blennosperma
(blastain), "I put forth shoots"
blastula, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast
bonus
bonify, bonitary
Greek (borras) "the north borealis wind"
, (botan, botanon)
botany
bos, bovis
bovine
(brakh?n)
brachial artery, brachiosaurus
(brakh?s, brakh?s)
brachydactyly
(brad?s, brad?s)
bradycardia
(br?gkhion, br?nkhion) branchiopod, nudibranch
brevis, breviare
abbreviation, brevity
(briz)
, (br?mos, br?me) Bromus ramosus "oats"
(br?mos) "stench, clangor"
bromide
(br?gkhos, br?nkhos) bronchitis, bronchus, bronchiole
(bront)
Brontosaurus
bucca
buccal, buccinator muscle
bulbus
bulbous, bulbule
bulla, "bubble"
ebullient, ebullism
bursa
bursa, bursar, bursary, disburse
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
4
C
Root
Meaning in English
cac-
bad
cad-, -cid-, cas- fall
caed-, -cid-, caes-, cut -cis-
calc-
stone
call-, calli-
beautiful
calor-
heat
calyp-
cover
camer-
vault
camp-
field
can-
dog
can-, -cin-, cant- sing
cand-
glowing, iridescent
cap-, -cip-, capt-, hold, take -cept-
capit-, -cipit-
head
capr-
goat
caps-
box, case
carbo-
coal
carcer-
jail
carcin-
cancer (disease)
cardicardincarncarpcarpcastcata-, cat-
relating to the heart hinge flesh relating to fruit relating to the wrist pure down
catencatharcaudcaus-, -cuscavced-, cess-
chain pure tail cause or motive hollow go
Origin language
Etymology (root origin)
Greek
(kakos)
Latin
cadere, casus
Latin
caedere, caesus
Latin and Greek Greek Latin Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin
from Latin calx "lime", and from Greek (khalix) "pebble" "limestone" from Greek kallos "beauty" calor "heat" (kaluptein) camera campus "field", "level ground" canis canere candere "to be white or glisten"
Latin
Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin from Greek Greek Latin Latin Greek Greek Latin Greek
capere, captus "take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds) caput, capitis "head" caper, capri capsa carbo, carbonis carcer, carcerare Latin from Greek (karkinos) "crab" kardia "heart" cardo, cardinis caro, carnis (karpos) "fruit" (karpos) "wrist" from Latin castus "chaste" from Greek (kat?) "down"
Latin Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin
catena (katharos) cauda causa cavus "hollow" cedere, cessus
English examples
cacophony accident, cadence, case caesura, incisor
calcite, calcium, calculus
calligraphy calorie apocalypse bicameral, camera champion, campaign canine, Canis Major cantata, canto, cantor candela, candid, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense capture, captive, conception, recipient
capital, decapitation, precipitation Capricorn, caprine capsule carbon incarceration carcinogenic, carcinoma
cardiograph, cardiology cardinal carnal, carnival, carnivore carpology carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome caste, castigate, castrate catabolic, catalyst, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation catenary, concatenation catharsis caudal causative cave, cavity, excavation procession, recede, secede
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
5
celercencencenscentcentencentesimcentrcephalceramceratcerncervic-
ceterchirchelonchlorchore-
quick new empty
hundred hundred each hundredth center head clay horn sift relating to the neck, relating to the cervix other of the hand or hands relating to a turtle green relating to dance
chord-
cord
chromchronchryscilicinecinercing-, cinctcirccircum-
color time gold eyelash motion ash gird circle around
cirrcirrcivcladclarclastclaud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus-
orange curl, tentacle citizen branch clear broken close
Latin Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek Latin Latin
celer, celerare (kainos) (kenos) censere "to estimate" centum centeni centesimus (k?ntron) "needle", "spur" (kephale) (keramos) , (keras, keratos) "horn" cernere cervix, cervicis "neck"
acceleration, celerity Cenozoic cenotaph census cent, centennial, centurion centenary centesimal, centesimation eccentric cephalic, cephalopod, encephalogram ceramic keratin discern, secern cervix, cervical
Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek
Latin and Greek Greek Greek Greek Latin Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin
Greek Latin Latin Greek Latin Greek Latin
ceterus
et cetera
(kheir) "hand"
chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera
(khelne) "tortoise"
chelonia
(khlros) "green"
chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast
khoreia "dancing in unison" from choreography khoros "chorus"
chorda "rope" from (chord)
chordata
(chrma) "color" (chronos) (khrusos) "gold" cilium (kine) cinis, cineris cingere, cinctus circus circum
(kirros) cirrus civis (klados) clarus, clarare (klastos) claudere, clausus
chromium, chromosome, monochrome chronic, chronology, chronometer chrysolite cilia, supercilious cinema incineration succinct circus circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate cirrhosis cirrus civility clade clarity, declaration iconoclast, osteoclast clause, exclusion, include
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
clav-
key
cl(e)istcleithrclementclincochlcoelcogncolcollcollcolorcon-, co-, col-, com-, corconcondicontracoprcoraccordcorncoroncorporcorticcosmcosmetcostcotyl-cracy, -crat
cranicrasscrecred-
closed bar, key mild bed, lean, recline shell hollow know strain hill neck color with, together
cone season against dung raven heart horn crown body bark universe
rib cup government, rule, authority skull thick make believe, trust
crepcribr-
cris-, critcrisp-
boot, shoe sieve ring judge curled
Greek
Greek Greek Latin Latin Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin
Greek Latin Latin Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Greek Greek Latin Greek Greek
Greek Latin Latin Latin
Greek Latin Greek Greek Latin
6
from Greek kleis "key" from , (kleiein) "to close" (kleistos)
clemens, clementis -clinare (kochlos) (koilos) cognoscere colare, colum collis collum color cum
(knos) condire contra (kopros) , (korax, korakos) cor, cordis cornu corona, coronare corpus, corporis cortex, corticis (kosmos) - (kosmet-) costa (kotul) (kratos)
(kranion) crassus creare, creatus credere, creditus
, (krpis, krpidos) cribrum, cribrare (krikos) (crisis) crispus
clavichord, clavicle, conclave
cleithrum clemency, inclement declination, inclined cochlea blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel cognitive, cognizant, recognize colander
collar coloration, coloratura, tricolor coagulate, collide, compress, connect, contain, corrode conic, conical, conoid condiment contradiction, contrast coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia coracoid accord, cordial cornea, cornucopia, unicorn corona, coronation corporation, corpse, corpuscle corticosteriod cosmic, cosmonaut cosmetics, cosmetology costal cotyledon democracy
cranium crassitude creation, creature credentials, credibility, creditor, incredible
cribble, cribrate
crisis, critic crispate
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
cristcrosscruccrurcryptctencubcubculinculpcunecurr-, curscurvcuspidcutcyancyclcylindcyncystcyt-
crest fringe, tassel cross leg, shank hidden comb cube lie kitchen blame, fault wedge run bent lance, point skin blue circular roll dog capsule cell
Latin Greek Latin Latin Greek Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek
crista (krossos) crux, crucis crus, cruris (kruptos) , (kteis, ktenos) (kubos) cubare culina culpa cuneus currere, cursus curvus cuspis, cuspidis cutis (kuanos) (kuklos) (kulindros) , (kun, kunos) (kustis) (kutos)
7
cristate
crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating crural cryptic, cryptography ctenophore cubic, cuboid incubation, succuba culinary culpable, exculpate cuneiform concurrent, current, cursive, recursion curvature bicuspid cuticle cyanide bicycle, cycle, cyclone cylinder cynosure cystic cytoplasm, cnidocyte
D
Root
dactyldamn-, -demnde-
debdeca-, dec-, deka-, dekdecimdeltdemdendendr-
densdent-
Meaning in English
finger, toe, digit to inflict loss upon from, away from, removing, down owe ten
Origin language Greek Latin Latin
Latin Greek
Etymology (root origin)
(daktulos) damnre d
debere, debitus deka, ten
English examples
dactylology, pterodactyl condemn, damnation deletion, dementia, descend
debit decagram, decahedron
tenth part
people ten each resembling a tree
thick tooth
Latin Greek Greek Latin Greek
Latin Latin
decimus, tenth; from decem, ten decimal, decimate
(delta)
deltoid
(dmos)
demagogue, democracy
deni
denarius, denary
(dendron): akin to , drys, "tree"
dendrite, dendrochronology
densus
condense, density
dens, dentis
dental, dentifrice, dentures
List of Greek and Latin roots in English
dermdeuterdexterdexididiadict-
skin second right right two apart, through say, speak
Greek Greek Latin Greek Greek Greek Latin
digitdinodipldoc-, doctdodecdogmat-, doxdomdondormdorsdudubduc-, duct-
finger terrible, fearfully great double; twofold teach twelve opinion, tenet house give sleep back two doubtful lead
Latin Greek Greek Latin Greek Greek Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin Latin
dulcdurdydynamdys-
sweet hard two power badly, ill
Latin Latin Greek Greek Greek
(derma) (deuteros) dexter , right (dia) dicere, dictus
digitus (deinos) (diplos) docere, doctus (dodeka) domus donare dormire dorsum duo dubius dux, ducis
dulcis durus (duo) (dunam) -
8
dermis, epidermis, hypodermic Deuteronomy, deuterostome dexterity, dextrose Dexiarchia dicot, diode, dipole dialysis, diameter, diagram contradict, dictate, dictation, dictionary, edict, predict digital dinosaur diploid, diplosis docile, doctor, indoctrinate dodecasyllabic dogmatic, orthodox dome condone, donation dormant, dormitory dorsal dual dubious abduction, conductor, introduction, production, reduction, deduction dulcet durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate dyad dynamism, dynasty, dynamite dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy
E
Root ececoectoed-, esegoego-, egem-, emptemeemul-
Meaning in English out house outside eat self, I (first person) goat buy vomit striving to equal, rivaling
Origin language
Etymology (root origin)
Greek
(ek)
Greek
(oikos)
Greek
(ektos)
Latin
edere, esus
Latin, Greek
ego,
Greek
(aix)
Latin
emere, emptus
Greek
(emetos)
Latin
aemulus, aemulare
English examples eccentric ecology, economics, ecumenism ectoderm edible egocentric egophony exemption, preempt, redeem emetic emulator
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