Хотинський районний методкабінет - Головна
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| |Чернівці 2013 |
Збірник підготували:
С.М. Куриш – завідувач кафедри методики викладання філологічних дисциплін ІППО Чернівецької області, доцент.
Н.С. Брандес – заступник директора з навчально-виховної роботи, вчитель англійської мови, спеціаліст вищої категорії, вчитель–методист гімназії №7 м. Чернівців.
Ю.В. Гільчук – вчитель англійської мови, спеціаліст вищої категорії, старший вчитель гімназії №7 м. Чернівців.
О.І. Куканова – вчитель англійської мови, спеціаліст вищої категорії, вчитель – методист гімназії №7 м. Чернівців.
Н.Р. Дудук – заступник директора з навчально-виховної роботи ЗОСШ №22 м.Чернівців
А.М. Шевчук – вчитель англійської мови Глибоцької ЗОШ
І.В.Іванова – вчитель англійської мови Хотинської гімназії
Рецензенти:
В.В.Михайленко – завідувач кафедри сучасних європейських мов БДФУ
О.Л.Кузьміна – головний спеціаліст управління освіти Чернівецької міської ради
Особлива подяка вчителю німецької мови гімназії №7 м. Чернівців Белінському П.В. за надання технічної допомоги в упорядкуванні та дизайні.
Затверджено
Вченою радою інституту післядипломної педагогічної освіти Чернівецької області
Червень 2013р.
Збірник завдань для підготовки до зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання , олімпіад та для роботи з обдарованими учнями з англійської мови. Вижниця: - Черемош, 2013, - ст.
Збірник складено із урахуванням вимог Міністерства освіти, науки, молоді та спорту України. Тестові завдання розраховані для перевірки рівня навченості з чотирьох видів компетенції учнів та лексико-граматичні завдання з англійської мови. Завдання стануть в нагоді учням, які готуються до зовнішнього незалежногооцінювання з англійської мови, до участі в олімпіадах та конкурсах. Матеріали збірника стануть в нагоді вчителям, викладачам під час роботи з обдарованими дітьми.
© С.М. Куриш, Н.С. Брандес, Ю.В. Гільчук та ін.
ПЕРЕДМОВА
Посібник “Catch the Wave” - збірник тестових завдань з чотирьох видів компетенцій учнів та лексико-граматичних завдань з англійської мови, призначений для учнів середніх загальноосвітніх закладів. Тестові завдання стануть у нагоді абітурієнтам , які мають складати ЗНО з англійської мови для вступу до вищого навчального закладу та вчителям під час роботи з обдарованими дітьми.
Завдання розроблені згідно з Державним стандартом з англійської мови , Загальноєвропейськими рекомендаціями з мовної освіти, форматом олімпіадних і конкурсних завдань з англійської мови та програмою ЗНО з іноземних мов для вступників до вищих навчальних закладів України.
Завдання носять творчий характер і націлені на перевірку вмінь користуватися мовним матеріалом для висловлювання зв'язної, граматично правильної думки та викладу її у формі розповіді, письмового повідомлення тощо.
Бажаємо успіху!
ЗМІСТ
1. Тексти для аудіювання та читання …………………………….5 – 110
2. Завдання для контролю рівня компетенції письма ………….111 – 114
3. Завдання для контролю рівня компетенції говоріння ………115 – 120
4. Лексико-граматичні тести …………………………………….121 – 200
5. Ключі до тестів ………………………………………………...201 – 207
Part I
Texts for
Listening and Reading
Text № 1
Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers in musical history. He has had a great influence on music. He won for composers a new freedom to express themselves. Beethoven made music more independent of social, religious, or teaching purposes.
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, on December 16, 1770. He showed musical talent when he was very young, and learned to play the violin and piano from his father, who was a singer. In 1787, Beethoven’s gentle and loving mother died. After that, his father was often drunk and had a bad temper. Beethoven found relief from his difficult family life when he became the tutor to two children of the Von Bruening family. The children’s mother was a kind and well-educated woman who introduced Beethoven to important people in Bonn. Beethoven also visited Vienna in 1787, and the famous composer Wolfgang Mozart heard him play the piano. About this time, Beethoven met Count Ferdinand Waldstein, who became his lifelong friend and often helped his career.
In 1792, the composer Joseph Haydn in Bonn praised one of the Beethoven’s compositions and encouraged him to visit Vienna. Beethoven was welcomed into the homes of many of Vienna’s leading noblemen. Except for short trips, e stayed there for the rest of his life.
Many great composers of the day were treated as employees by the people who bought their music. However, Beethoven associated as an equal with the wealthy and royalty. They paid him money for his works, but they knew and admired him as a friend rather than as someone they hired to write music.
Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the late 1790’s. From about 1800, this increasing deafness changed his personality. Beethoven had always been proud, independent, and somewhat odd. But as he lost his hearing, he became more suspicious and irritable. He became totally deaf during the last years of his life, but his deafness did not hinder his composing, as many people believe. However, it did reduce his normal social life, which made him suffer deeply.
Beethoven’s life took on added bitterness because of his unhappy relationship with his brothers Johann and Karl, who also lived in Vienna. The two quarreled with Beethoven almost constantly. Some scholars writing about Beethoven’s life blame the two brothers for the trouble, but Beethoven himself was very difficult to get along with. Karl died in 1815, leaving a 9-year-old son. The boy became Beethoven’s ward, but this relationship also turned out badly. Beethoven did not have a disposition to be a father and the young man rebelled against him, causing Beethoven much grief.
Beethoven caught a serious cold at the end of 1826, which developed into pneumonia and then dropsy. He died on March 26, 1827.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Ludwig van Beethoven has had a great influence on art.
2. Beethoven made music more independent of social, religious or teaching purposes.
3. Beethoven was born in Berlin, Germany, on December 16, 1770.
4. Beethoven learned to play the violin and piano from his mother.
5. Beethoven became the tutor to two children of the Von Bruening family.
6. In 1787 the famous composer Wolfgang Mozart heard Beethoven play the piano.
7. Beethoven was welcomed into the homes of many of Bonn´s leading noblemen.
8. Beethoven had two brothers – Mike and Karl.
9. Beethoven caught a serious cold at the end of 1828.
10. Beethoven died on March 26, 1827.
Circle the correct item
1. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest …
a) composers
b) musicians
c) pianists
2.Beethoven has had a great influence on …
a) art
b) music
c) people
3. He showed musical … when he was very young.
a) talent
b) success
c) ability
4.The famous composer Mozart heard him play…
a) the piano
b) the organ
c) the violin
5.Count Ferdinand Waldstein became Beethoven´s …
a) life-long friend
b) close friend
c) mutual friend
6.Many great composers of the day were treated as …
a) employees
b) workers
c) servants
7.Beethoven began to lose …
a) his eye-sight
b) his hearing
c) his weight
8.Beethoven´s life took on added bitterness because of his unhappy relationship with …
a) his brothers
b) his sisters
c) his parents
9.The boy become Beethoven´s …
a) friend
b) pupil
c) ward
10.Beethoven died on March 26, ….
a) 1826
b) 1828
c) 1827
Text № 2
Ballet is a form of dancing performed for theater audiences. Like other dance forms, ballet may tell a story, express a mood, or simply reflect the music. But a ballet dancer’s technique and special skills differ greatly from those of other dancers. Ballet dancers perform many movements that are unnatural for the body. But they make these movements gracefully and with no sign of strain or effort.
Ballet dancers seem to ignore the law of gravity as they float through the air in long, slow leaps. They keep perfect balance while they spin like tops without becoming dizzy. In certain steps, their feet move so rapidly that the eye can hardly follow. The women often dance on the tips of their toes, and the men lift them high overhead as if they were as light as feathers.
The dancers take joy in controlling their bodies, and ballet audiences share their feelings. The viewers feel as if they were gliding and spinning with the dancers. Simply by using their bodies, ballet dancers are able to express many emotions, such as anger, fear, jealousy, joy, and sadness. The lines of the dancers’ bodies form beautiful, harmonious designs. Ballet technique is called classical because it stresses this purity and harmony of design.
In addition to the dance form called ballet, an individual dance work or performance using classical ballet technique is called a ballet. Any dance work involving a group of dancers may also be called a ballet even though it may not use classical ballet technique. For example, works of modern dance, musical comedy, and dance on television programs may or may not include this technique, but many are called ballets. Classical ballet technique developed in France during the 1660’s. Today, French words are used in all parts of the world for the various steps and positions.
Different ballet styles have developed in various countries. The American style is energetic and fast. British ballet is more refined. Russian ballet is forceful and showy, French ballet is pretty and decorative. Ballet dancers travel throughout the world and adopt features of foreign styles. Because of these international influences, all ballet is continually being broadened and enriched.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Ballet is a form of dancing performed for theatre audiences.
2. A ballet dancer´s technique and special skills are the same as those of other dancers.
3. Ballet dancers seem to ignore the law of gravity.
4. The women do not often dance on the tips of their toes.
5. The dancers take joy in music.
6. The lines of the dancers´ bodies form beautiful, harmonious designs.
7. Ballet technique is called classical because it stresses body movements.
8. A group dance work or performance using classical ballet technique is called a ballet.
9. Classical ballet technique developed in France during the 1660´s.
10. French ballet is energetic and fast.
Circle the correct item
1. Ballet is a form of dancing performed for…
a) theatre public
b) theatre audience
c) ballet lovers
2. Like other … ballet may tell a story, express a mood, or simply reflect the music.
a) dance forms
b) song forms
c) symphonic forms
3. Ballet dancers perform many movements that are unnatural …
a) for physical structure of a person
b) for personality
c) for the body
4. Ballet dancers seem to ignore … as they float through the air in long, slow leaps.
a) the law of gravity
b) the laws of physics
c) the laws of nature
5. The dancers take joy in controlling their …
a) movements
b) bodies
c) positions
6. The lines of the dancers' bodies form … designs.
a) wonderful, beautiful
b) fabulous, harmonious
c) beautiful, harmonious
7. Today, … words are used in all parts of the world for the various steps and positions.
a) German
b) French
c) Italian
8. Different ballet styles have developed in…
a) two countries
b) various countries
c) one country
9. The American style is …
a) energetic and fast
b) forceful and showy
c) pretty and decorative
10. Ballet is continually being broadened and enriched because of …
a) self-development
b) different art programs
c) international influences
Text № 3
A huge triangle formed by the islands of Bermuda and Puerto Rico, and the city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, is said to be an area of profound danger for anyone or anything venturing into it. It was first so designated by a writer for Argosy magazine.
The whole legend began in December 1944 when five Avenger bombers of the US Navy were lost while on a routine training missions out of the Fort Lauderdale air base. A sensational 1974 book by Charles Berlitz, The Bermuda Triangle, brought this supposed mystery to the attention of the public.
The Berlitz book, written thirty years after the loss of the bombers, contained invented details, distorted and exaggerated figures and descriptions and even radio conversations that were claimed to have taken place between the naval pilots and the Fort Lauderdale air base. The event was not that unusual – if the invented details are ignored – and as evidence for any sort of mystery in the Triangle the Avenger Bombers matter is a very poor example. It remains, though, the event most quoted by the believers.
Other ships that are said to have vanished in the area either did not exist, or sank or capsized in other areas – even in the Pacific or Mediterranean – or went down due to perfectly ordinary and well-understood causes.
The Bermuda Triangle, an area subject to violent storms and rough seas, does produce problems, but no more than any other similar area anywhere in the world. There is no need to ascribe supernatural or even unusual causes to any losses that occur there. Unless, of course, you want to sell lots and lots of books.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. A huge triangle formed by the islands of Bermuda and Puerto Rico and the city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, is said to be an area of profound danger.
2. The Bermuda Triangle was first designated by a writer for Argosy newspaper.
3. The whole legend began in December 1943 when five Avenger bombers of the US Navy were lost, while on a routine training missions out of the Fort Lauderdale air base.
4. The Berlitz book was written forty years after the loss of the bombers.
5. The event was not so unusual.
6. The Avenger Bombers matter is a very good example.
7. Other ships that are said to have vanished in the area either did not exist or sank or capsized in other areas.
8. The Bermuda Triangle an area subject to violent storms and rough seas does produce problems, but no more than any other similar area anywhere in the world.
9. There is a need to ascribe supernatural or even unusual causes to any losses that occur there.
10. People want to sell lots and lots of books.
Circle the correct item
1. A huge triangle formed by the islands of Bermuda and Puerto Rico and the city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida is said to be an area of …
a) profound danger
b) profound risk
c) profound threat
2. It was first so designated by a writer for…
a) Argosy magazine
b) Argosy newspaper
c) Argosy book
3. The whole … began in December 1944
a) legend
b) story
c) description
4. … 1974 book by Charles Berlitz, “The Bermuda Triangle”, brought this supposed mystery to the attention of the public.
a) An interesting
b) A sensational
c) A surprising
5. The Berlitz book, written thirty years after the loss of … contained invented details.
a) the bombers
b) the planes
c) the fighters
6. The event was not that …
a) unusual
b) strange
c) usual
7. It remains the event most … by the believers.
a) informed
b) quoted
c) repeated
8. Other ships that are said to …
a) have vanished
b) have disappeared
c) have stopped
9. The Bermuda Triangle an area subject to violent storms and rough seas does produce …
a) difficulties
b) problems
c) questions
10. There is no need to ascribe … or even unusual causes to any losses that occur there
a) impossible
b) strange
c) supernatural
Text № 4
Great Pyramid of Giza is known to the ancients as Khuit, meaning ‘horizon’. Believed to be the intended tomb of Pharaoh Cheops, this is the largest of all the Egyptian pyramids, located in Giza, five miles from Cairo. A remarkable engineering feat consisting of over fifteen million tons of limestone, it is evidence of the superior skills of the ancient architects.
Some mystics like Erich von Däniken have chosen to claim that the early Egyptians were incapable of building this structure without extra-terrestrial assistance. The methods of constructing the Pyramid are well known and understood, and though an enormous amount of labour and skill was expended in the task, it was by no means beyond the ancients. One reason given to prove that the task was impossible is that the limestone used in the building had to be brought from a great distance away. Recent discoveries have shown that not only was the stone quarried locally but that an entire small city, with all necessary amenities, existed there to support a large crew of workers who worked on the monument.
What makes the Great Pyramid seem much more of a riddle is that the mystics indicate certain aspects that they say make the Pyramid a secret record of the world’s history. This all began in 1864 when a Scottish astronomer named Charles Piazzi Smyth, an otherwise competent scientist, seized upon the notion developed by an English publisher, John Taylor that there was a cosmic message concealed in the measurements of the Pyramid. When the Royal Society of London refused to consider Smyth’s passionate promotion of this absurdity, Smyth resigned his valued membership.
Aficionados of pyramid prophecy point out all manner of relationships in their chosen measurements of the edifice. For example, they say that by multiplying the height of the Pyramid by 1,000,000,000, a figure is obtained that is close to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun. That figure is quite close, 98.5 per cent of the actual distance. As author Martin Gardner has shown, relationships between obviously unconnected events and structures can always be found. The claims of astounding accuracy of alignment of the Great Pyramid as evidence of its divine origin appeared to be the result of over-enthusiastic reports by amateurs. There is the usual lack of precision; though this is no way detracts from the accomplishments of the builders and designers of this remarkable monument.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Great Pyramid of Giza is known to the ancients as Khuit, meaning “horizon”.
2. The tomb of Pharaoh Cheops is the largest of all the Egyptian pyramids, located in Cairo.
3. A remarkable engineering consists of over fourteen million tons of limestone.
4. The task was impossible because the limestone used in the building had to be brought from a great distance away.
5. The pyramid is a secret record of the world's history.
6. The history of Pyramids began in 1866.
7. By multiplying the height of the Pyramid by 1 000 000 000 a figure is obtained that is close to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun.
8. The Sun is quite close 90,7 per cent of the actual distance .
9. Martin Gardner has shown that relationships between obviously unconnected events and structures can always be found.
10. The evidence of the Great Pyramid's divine origin appeared to be the result of over-enthusiastic reports of amateurs.
Circle the correct item
1. Great Pyramid of Giza is known to the ancients as Kheid meaning …
a) horizon
b) road
c) rainbow
2. Great Pyramid of Giza is located in Giza, …miles from Cairo
a) five
b) seven
c) ten
3. The methods of … the Pyramid are well known and understood.
a) constructing
b) building
c) combining
4. One reason given to prove that the task was … is that the limestone used in the building had to be brought from a great distance away.
a) difficult
b) unreasonable
c) impossible
5. What made the Great Pyramid seem much more of a riddle is that the mystics indicate certain aspects that they say make the Pyramid a secret record of the world's …
a) past life
b) history
c) past events
6. There was a cosmic message … in the measurements of the Pyramid.
a) hidden
b) concealed
c) taken off
7. Scientists say that by multiplying the height of the Pyramid by 1.000.000.000, a figure is obtained that is close to the mean distance between …
a) the Moon and the Sun
b) the Earth and the Moon
c) the Earth and the Sun
8. That figure is quite close , 98,5% of the …
a) exact distance
b) actual distance
c) real distance
9. The claims of astounding accuracy of alignment of the Great Pyramid as evidence of its divine origin appeared to be the result of over-enthusiastic reports by …
a) professionals
b) amateurs
c) scientists
10. There is the usual lack of …
a) precision
b) exactness
c) correctness
Text № 5
Baseball is a sport that is so popular in the United States that it is often called the national pastime. Every spring and summer, millions of people throughout the country play this exciting “bat and ball” game. Millions also watch baseball games and closely follow the progress of their favourite teams and players.
A baseball game is played on a large field between two teams of 9 or 10 players each. The teams take turns at bat (on offense) and in the field (on defense). A player of the team in the field, called the pitcher, throws a baseball towards a player of a team at bat, called the batter. The batter tries to hit the ball with a bat and drive it out of the reach of the players in the field. By hitting the ball, and in other ways, players can advance around the four bases that lie on the field. A player who does so scores a run for his team. The team that scores the most runs wins the game.
Basically, baseball matches the skills of the pitcher against those of the batter. A good pitcher can throw a variety of pitches. But fielders and base runners also play key roles in the game. Many experts believe that a batter’s job of hitting a ball thrown by a major league pitcher is the hardest thing to do in any sport. The ball reaches the batter in a fraction of a second and it may move in any way. Even so, batters are able to follow the flight of the ball.
Many people play baseball on the informal basis. They get together with their friends, choose up the sides, and play a ball game. But millions of people also play baseball on formal, organized basis. They join teams that belong to a league and play regularly scheduled games against other teams.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Baseball is a sport that is so popular in Great Britain that it is often called the national pastime.
2. Every winter and autumn millions of people throughout the country play baseball.
3. A baseball game is played on a large field between two teams of 8 or 11 players each.
4. The teams take turns at bat and in the field.
5. A player of the team in the field, called the batter, throws a baseball towards a player of a team at bat, called the pitcher.
6. The team that scores the most runs wins the game.
7. A good batter can throw a variety of pitches.
8. The ball reaches the batter in a fraction of a minute.
9. Batters are able to follow the flight of the ball.
10. Many people play baseball on the informal basis.
Circle the correct item
1. Baseball is a sport that is popular in …
a) Great Britain
b) Australia
c) The United States
2. A baseball game is played on a large … between two teams of 9 or 10 players each.
a) field
b) stadium
c) court
3. The … take turns at bat (on offense) and in the field (on defense).
a) teams
b) groups of people
c) collectives
4. Players can advance around the … that lie on the field.
a) two bases
b) four bases
c) six bases
5. The team that scores the most runs …
a) wins the game
b) loses the game
c) gains the victory
6. A good pitcher can throw …
a) different pitches
b) a lot of pitches
c) a variety of pitches
7. Batters are able to follow the flight of …
a) the ball
b) the puck
c) the bat
8. Many people play baseball on …
a) the informal basis
b) the formal basis
c) the well- organized basis
9. People play baseball together …
a) with their friends
b) with their family
c) with other sportsmen
10. Teams play regularly and belong …
a) to a league
b) to a group
c) to a society
Text №6
From “Wild Food Crops to be ‘Rescued’” by Victoria Gill, BBC News, 2010
Scientists have announced a plan to collect and store the wild plant relatives of essential food crops, including wheat, rice, and potatoes. The project, coordinated by the Global Crop Diversity Trust, will collect and catalogue seeds from across the globe. The aim is to safeguard valuable genetic traits that the wild plants contain, which could be bred into crops to make them more hardy and versatile. This could help secure food supplies in the face of a changing climate.
All of the plant material collected will be stored in seed banks in the long term, but much of it will also be used in pre-breeding trials to find out if the wild varieties could be used to combat diseases that are already threatening food production. Dr Paul Smith is the head of the Millennium Seed Bank at London's Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, which is playing a key role in the project. "There is a real sense of urgency about this," he told BBC News. "For some of these species, we may just get this one bite of the cherry, because so many of them are already threatened [with extinction] in their natural habitats."
The hope is that the wild relatives of food crops will help plant-breeders to "correct for", not only a changing climate, but plant diseases and loss of viable agricultural land. Cary Fowler, executive director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust explained: "All our crops were originally developed from wild species- that's how farming began." But they were adapted from the plants best suited to the climates of the past. "Climate change means we need to go back to the wild to find those relatives of our crops that can thrive in the climates of the future."
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Scientists haven’t begun to collect anything yet.
2. Scientists will be collecting wild relatives of domesticated crops.
3. Many of these wild plants are in danger of dying out.
4. All of the seeds will be stored and studied as historical examples of genetic diversity.
5. The project’s goal is to use the wild plants to genetically strengthen current crops.
6. The project will collect wild variants only of wheat, rice and potatoes.
7. The Millennium Seed Bank is the leader of the project.
8. Scientists will use the stored seeds to research solutions to current food-crop problems.
9. Dr. Smith feels that there is no reason to rush into this project.
10. This project could reverse the effects of climate change.
Circle the correct item
1.We can infer from the text that …
a) food crops are weakening nowadays
b) there’ll be less crops in the future
c) diseases will threaten the wild plants
d) farmers have to adjust to the changing climate.
2. The aim of the project is …
a) to breed new crops
b) to safeguard the native traits of plants
c) to make the crops more versatile
d) to collect the seeds across the globe.
3. The key role in the project is played by …
a) Dr Paul Smith
b) Millennium Seed Bank
c) London's Royal Botanic Gardens
d) the wild relatives of food crops.
4. Food production is threatened because of the fact that …
a) crops are stored in the seed bank
b) crops are used in the pre-breeding trails
c) farmers can’t combat the diseases
d) wild varieties are too numerous.
5. The next factors could help secure food supplies in the face of a changing climate best…
a) hardy crops
b) versatile crops
c) wild plants
d) hardy and versatile crops.
6. According to the text, the reason why we can get only one bite of a cherry is…
a) they are already threatened with extinction
b) they are already threatened in their natural habitats
c) we can’t afford it
d) we can’t find them.
7. The wild relatives of food crops will help plant-breeders mostly to "correct for"…
a) changing climate
b) plant diseases
c) loss of viable agricultural land
d) plant diseases and loss of viable agricultural land.
8. Farming began with…
a) adapted plants
b) the plants best suited to the climates of the past
c) adapted plants with the best genetic traits
d) wild species.
9. In the last paragraph “to go back to the wild” means…
a) to watch more films about wildlife
b) to visit the forest more often
c) to take the best traits of the wild plants
d) to gather more wild crops.
10. Plant-breeders need to find the wild relatives of food crops that…
a) could thrive in the climate of the past
b) have the best genetic traits
c) can thrive in the climates of the future
d) are suitable for our region.
Text №7
Excerpt from “Island of the Blue Dolphins” by Scott O’Dell
I do not remember much of this time, except that many suns rose and set. I thought about what I was going to do now that I was alone. I did not leave the village. Not until I had eaten all of the abalones did I leave and then only to gather more.
Yet I do remember the day that I decided I would never live in the village again.
It was a morning of thick fog and the sound of far-off waves breaking on the shore. I had never noticed before how silent the village was. Fog crept in and out of the empty huts. It made shapes as it drifted and they reminded me of all the people who were dead and those who were gone. The noise of the surf seemed to be their voices speaking.
I sat for a long time, seeing these shapes and hearing the voices, until the sun came out and the fog vanished. Then I made a fire against the wall of the house. When it was burned to the earth I started a fire in another house. Thus, one by one, I destroyed them all so that there were only ashes left to mark the village of Ghalas-at.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. The narrator remembers much of that time.
2. He stayed in the village for a long time.
3. He left the village because he had eaten all the food.
4. The narrator does remember the day he came to live in the village.
5. The sea was far enough from the village.
6. You could see fog in every hut.
7. The days were foggy too.
8. The fire was caught because of the strong wind.
9. At first the walls were on fire.
10. You could see the fire at night from far away.
Circle the correct item
1.We can infer from the text that Ghalas-at is…
a) idyllically beautiful
b) quaint
c) located by the sea
d) a large settlement.
1. The narrator firstly thinks about…
a) food for himself
b) his loneliness
c) his plans for future
d) leaving the village.
2. At first, the narrator only leaves the village to…
a) find food
b) go swimming
c) watch the sun rise and set
d) the narrator never leaves the village.
3. What does the narrator perceive in the fog?
a) Nothing
b) The voices of the villagers speaking
c) Empty huts
d) The shapes of the people who are dead and gone.
4. The narrator had never noticed before how silent the village was because…
a) he was busy all the time
b) he didn’t think about it
c) he was in distress
d) he didn’t feel lonely.
6. The narrator hears the voices of the villagers speaking in …
a) the silence of the village
b) his head
c) the fire of one of the houses
d) tidal wave.
7.In the last paragraph, “vanished” means…
a) drifted
b) disappeared
c) thickened
d) vanquished.
8. The narrator started a fire in another house after having burned the previous one because…
a) he had enough time
b) he hadn’t enough Mathes
c) he tried to honour every villager separately
d) there were only a few houses.
9. The things that marked the village of Ghalas-at were…
a) numerous houses
b) the sea near the settlement
c) the ashes
d) people speaking.
10.The burning of the village can be best described as an act of …
a) survival
b) war
c) mourning
d) pleasure.
Text №8
From Lonely Planet Review: Australia, “Sydney Aquarium”, 15th Edition, 2009
This place brings in more paying visitors than any other attraction in Australia– even with its hefty admission charges. Aqua fans enter through huge, kitsch, metallic shark jaws into 160m of underwater tunnels, looking at 11,000 happy Australian sea creatures. Highlights include clownfish, an intimidating array of sharks in the Open Ocean section, and the Great Barrier Reef exhibit’s swoon-worthy Van Gogh coral colours. Residents of the Seal Sanctuary have lawless amounts of fun. Needless to say, kids love it. Arrive early to beat the crowds (but less chatter makes it harder to ignore the piped-in indigestive whale noises). Disabled access is good. Booking online will save you a few dollars. Discounted combo tickets are also available accessing Sydney Tower and/or Sydney Wildlife World.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1.Visitor of Sydney Aquarium do not want to pay the charges.
2. Sydney Aquarium is situated underwater.
3.You can see a huge amount of sharks.
4. The colours of Great Barrier Reef exhibit are the same that Van Gogh used.
5. The seals are not very funny.
6. When you arrive early you will hear some pleasant noises of whales.
7. Disabled can afford the ticket.
8. Small children are afraid of seeing sea creatures.
9. It’s better to pay the ticket beforehand.
10. There’s no discount for accessing Sydney Tower and/or Sydney Wildlife World.
Circle the correct item
1. In the opinion of the writer, the price of a ticket to the Aquarium is …
a) incredibly cheap
b) affordable
c) high
d) unreasonable.
2. Visitors enter the aquarium through…
a) a metal detector
b) a kitchen where seafood is prepared
c) a replica of a shark’s mouth
d) a tunnel filled with 11,000 sea creatures.
3.In the Open Ocean section you can see…
a) clownfish
b) appalling sharks
c) dolphins
d) all kinds of fish.
4.In the Seal Sanctuary … have lawless amounts of fun.
a) children
b) seals
c) all the visitors
d) all of the above mentioned.
5.In the text, what does the word “beat” mean?
a) hit
b) arrive after
c) avoid
d) come together
5. Which of the following does the review NOT tell the reader to expect?
a) beautiful coral
b) marine life
c) sounds of whales eating
d) excursions to the open ocean
7.Why does the review recommend arriving early?
a) You can get discounted tickets
b) There will be fewer people
c) The animals are more active
d) There are more shows early in the day.
8.We could replace the word “lawless” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) unruly
b) unregulated
c) illegal
d) endless.
9.The opposite of “disabled” is…
a) crippled
b) incapacitated
c) able-bodied
d) lame.
10.Discounted combo tickets are also available. You can access Sydney Tower and/or Sydney Wildlife World…
a) with separate tickets
b) paying reduced prices
c) with discounted single tickets
d) paying lower entrance fee for two places.
Text №9
From “The Cat” by Andrew Barton Paterson
Most people think that the cat is an unintelligent animal, fond of ease, and caring little for anything but mice and milk. But a cat has really more character than most human beings, and gets a great deal more satisfaction out of life. Of all the animal kingdom, the cat has the most many-sided character.
He or she is an athlete, a musician, an acrobat, a Lothario, a grim fighter, a sport of the first water. All day long the cat loafs about the house, takes things easy, sleeps by the fire, and allows himself to be pestered by the attentions of our womenfolk and annoyed by our children. To pass the time away he sometimes watches a mouse-hole for an hour or two -just to keep himself from dying of ennui; and people get the idea that this sort of thing is all that life holds for the cat. But watch him as the shades of evening fall, and you see the cat as he really is.
When the family sits down to tea, the cat usually puts in an appearance to get his share, and purrs noisily, and rubs himself against the legs of the family; and all the time he is thinking of a fight or a love-affair that is coming off that evening. If there is a guest at table the cat is particularly civil to him, because the guest is likely to have the best of what is going. Sometimes, instead of recognizing this civility with something to eat, the guest stoops down and strokes the cat, and says, "Poor pussy! Poor pussy!"
The cat soon tires of that; he puts up his claw and quietly but firmly rakes the guest in the leg.
"Oh!" says the guest, "the cat stuck his claws into me!" The delighted family remarks, "Isn't it sweet of him? Isn't he intelligent? HE WANTS YOU TO GIVE HIM SOMETHING TO EAT."
The guest dares not do what he would like to do - kick the cat through the window - so, with tears of rage and pain in his eyes, he affects to be very much amused, and sorts out a bit of fish from his plate and hands it down. The cat gingerly receives it, with a look in his eyes that says: "Another time, my friend, you won't be so dull of comprehension," and purrs maliciously as he retires to a safe distance from the guest's boot before eating it. A cat isn't a fool -- not by a long way.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Cats’ character is more diverse than human being’s.
2. Cats get a great deal more satisfaction out of life.
3. Cats like to be pestered by children.
4. In the morning a cat is very lively.
5. In the evening a cat is very bored,
6. The cat wants to be a participant of the teatime.
7. The cat is very amiable with a guest because he has the best food.
8. In most cases the quest misunderstands the cat.
9. The guest gets furious about being raked.
10. The delighted family really doesn’t understand the cat’s intension.
Circle the correct item
1.According to the text, which of the following is not an assumption people hold about cats?
a) Cats are lazy.
b) Cats are dumb.
c) Cats are cunning.
d) Cats only want milk and mice.
1. We could replace the phrase “a sport of the first water” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) a brilliant sportsman;
b) a perfect entertainer;
c) a hospitable proprietor;
d) a smart animal.
2. According to the text, why does a cat like to watch a mouse-hole?
a) To greet visitors
b) To avoid boredom
c) To catch a mouse
d) To guard the house
3. The opposite of “ennui” is …
a) boredom
b) tedium
c) dullness
d) gaiety.
4. You see the cat as he really is …
a) when the morning begins
b) when the evening begins
c) when the family sits down to tea
d) when the rainfall begins.
5. Why is the cat really nice to visitors?
a) He likes to meet new people.
b) He wants to be petted.
c) He wants to make a good impression.
d) He wants visitors to feed him at dinner.
6. Based on the text, what does the word “affects” mean?
a) pretends
b) influences
c) results
d) feels
7. After being raked the guest is going to…
a) kick the cat through the window
b) to show tears of rage and pain in his eyes
c) to affect to be very much amused
d) to give the best food to him.
8. The cat eats a bit of fish…
a) purring maliciously
b) thinking of your dullness
c) under the table
d) at the other end of the room.
9. What statement best expresses the main idea of the text?
a) Cats make the best pets.
b) Cats are excellent hosts.
c) Cats, unlike dogs, are really man’s best friends.
d) Cats are commonly misunderstood by people.
Text № 10
A bell is a hollow, metal vessel in the shape of a cup with a clapper suspended inside. The bell rings with a clear, musical sound when the clapper strikes it. Bells serve many purposes, and their sound forms a familiar part of daily life. Church bells summon people to worship. Bells ring to announce important events such as 12 o’clock on New Year’s Eve.
Bells like many other musical instruments originated in Asia. They were known in China in the 800’s B.C. Archaeologists have found a richly ornamented Assyrian bronze bell, used for ceremonial purposes, that dates from the same period. In ancient Greece, the ringing of bells announced that freshly caught fish had arrived at the market. In times of war, bells rang to warn that enemies were approaching the city gates. In Rome, bells called the faithful to worship in the temples. Bell ringing also accompanied the funeral services of the emperors. Later, Celtic tribes, who were famous for their metal-casting techniques, bought bells from Asia to Northern Europe.
One of the oldest bells in Great Britain is the Bell of Saint Patrick’s Will, at Belfast. Legend says that it belonged to St Patrick. Bellmakers often put the year the bell was cast on the bell. A bell in Drohndorf, Germany, dates back from 1098, and one in Pisa, Italy, is marked 1106. The size of bells increased in the 1400’s.
Bells have always been closely associated with religious services. Since the 500’s, Christians have used them to summon worshipers. Church bells often toll to announce a death. Bells have served many other purposes. In England during the Middle Ages, a bell rung at evening announced the curfew. For many years, town criers rang bells to attract attention to their notices. In many countries, people used bells in case of fire, to call city council meetings, and to remind citizens of tax deadlines. In pioneer days in America, bells warned of Indian attacks. Bells have often been used in musical compositions.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. The bell rings with a clear, musical sound when the clapper strikes it.
2. Bells serve many purposes and their sound forms a familiar par of holiday life.
3. Church bells summon people to wedding ceremony.
4. Bells like many other musical instruments originated in Europe.
5. Bells were known in China in the 800´s B.C.
6. In ancient Greece the ringing of bells announced that fruit and vegetables had arrived at the market.
7. Bells ringing accompanied the funeral services of the emperors.
8. One of the oldest bells in Great Britain is the Bell of Saint John´s Will at Belfast.
9. Bells have always been closely associated with religious services.
10. Bells have often been used in theatres.
Circle the correct item
1) A bell is a hollow metal vessel in the shape …
a) of a flower
b) of a cup
c) of a sphere
2) The bell rings with a clear musical …
a) sound
b) volume
c) tune
3) Bells serve many …
a) purposes
b) goals
c) aims
4) Church bells … people to worship.
a) summon
b) invite
c) call
5) Bells like many other musical instruments … in Asia.
a) came from
b) were invented
c) originated
6) In ancient Greece the ringing of bells announced that …
a) a freshly caught fish had arrived at the market
b) the wedding ceremony had started
c) the ships had returned home
7) One of the oldest bells in Great Britain is the …
a) Bell of St. John´s Will
b) Bell of St. Patrick´s Will
c) Bell of St. Peter´s Will
8) Bellmakers often put the year the bell … on the bell.
a) was made
b) was placed
c) was cast
9) Bells have always been closely associated with…
a) religious ceremonies
b) religious services
c) religious events
10) Bells have often been used in …
a) musical compositions
b) operas
c) ballets
Text № 11
Biological clock is a popular name given to a mysterious timing system that operates in plants and animals. It keeps accurate time of days, weeks, months, and even years. It also times the activities of living things to keep them in harmony with the regular changes of their surroundings. Birds migrate, fish spawn, and flowers blossom on schedules set by their built-in clocks. The biological clock in human beings times our periods of sleep and wakefulness and many body activities.
No one knows where this biological clock is located, or how it works. Some scientists believe that every living thing has its own built-in timing system that operates independently. Others believe that the clocks are set by the natural rhythms of the earth’s electromagnetic or gravitational forces. Still others suggest that forces both inside and outside the body are necessary to keep the clocks accurate. Scientists hope that experiments with plants and animals in outer space, far from the earth’s natural rhythms, may provide more information about how biological clock works.
Biological clocks keep track of rhythmic changes in the environment, including day and night, movements of the ocean tides, phases of the moon, and seasons of the year. Many, and possibly all, living things seem to have internal cycles – called biorhythms – that respond to these external rhythmic changes. The biorhythms of each particular species seem to be timed to enable the organism to take advantage of the changes in its environment. Biorhythms continue on schedule even in laboratories where the plant or animal is shielded from all evidence of passing time and of outside change. But the biorhythms can be shifted – and the biological clock reset – by changing the time at which the plant or animal gets light.
Biological clocks in people work on schedules essential to life and health. Many vital body processes are programmed for 24-hour biorhythms. The functions of cells, glands, kidneys, liver, and nervous system are all coordinated with each other and with the day-night rhythm of the environment. Each is timed to operate when it can do the greatest good for the entire body.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Biological clock is a popular name given to a mysterious timing system that operates in living beings.
2. Biological clock keeps accurate time of days, weeks, months and even years.
3. Birds migrate, fish spawn, and flowers blossom on schedules set by their inner clocks.
4. Everybody knows where this biological clock is located or how it works.
5. Scientists hope that experiments with plants and animals in outer space may provide more information about how biological clock works.
6. Biological clocks keep track of rhythmic stability in the environment.
7. Internal cycles are called biorhythms.
8. Biorhythms do not continue on schedule in laboratories.
9. Biological clocks in people work on schedules essential to life and health.
10. Many vital body processes are programmed for 12-hour biorhythms.
Circle the correct item
1) Biological clock is a popular name given to a … timing system.
a) mysterious
b) enigmatic
c) secretive
2) It keeps accurate … of days, weeks, months and even years.
a) period
b) time
c) amount
3) The biological clock in … times our periods of sleep and wakefulness and many body activities.
a) human beings
b) people
c) persons
4) No one knows where this biological clock is … or how it works.
a) located
b) situated
c) set
5) Scientists hope that experiments with plants and animals in outer space may provide more information about how biological clock …
a) does a job
b) does an activity
c) works
6) Biological clocks keep track of rhythmic changes in the …
a) environment
b) habitat
c) territory
7) The biorhythms of each … species seem to be timed to enable the organism to take advantage of the changes in its environment.
a) certain
b) particular
c) specific
8) But the biorhythms can be shifted - and the biological clock reset - by …at which the plant or animal gets light.
a) time period
b) changing the time
c) amount
9) Biological clocks in people work on schedules essential to life and …
a) health
b) no illness
c) no disease
10) Each is timed … when it can do the greatest good for the entire body
a) to use
b) to operate
c) to control
Text № 12
from “Recipes from the ‘World’s Best Restaurant’” by NPR Staff, NPR, 2010
This year, a tiny, 12-table restaurant in Copenhagen was voted the world's best restaurant. The next day, Noma got 100,000 online requests for reservations. What makes it so great? Chef Rene Redzepi, 32, will only use food that is native to the Nordic region. That means no tomatoes, no olive oil — instead, he uses a wide variety of local and wild food he often gathers himself.
The chef has just published a cookbook whose value, above all, is not necessarily instructive, but visual. "Use it as an inspiration," Redzepi tells NPR's Melissa Block. "Look at the beautiful pictures; see how food comes together." Although the recipes are nearly impossible to make at home, the photos alone will take you to the salty shores of Scandinavia.
"We have a region that's very big — 25 million people in that region. Which means we have a nature and a product diversity ... that needs to be used again."
The recipe "Blueberries Surrounded by their Natural Environment" is one way to use that product diversity. Blueberries are abundant in Scandinavia. "My last meal on Earth," says Redzepi, "I would love it to be a bowl of blueberries with cold cream." He thought about what grows with blueberries on a forest floor and decided to use mushrooms and pine nuts. The dish looks simple, but has more than 30 ingredients and more than 12 steps.
Block, who considers herself an adventurous chef, was intimidated by some of the recipes. They include such instructions as "submerge in liquid nitrogen" and "load a spray paint gun" in the "Snowman" recipe — undoubtedly some of the craziest directions this year. But Redzepi wants the book to be an inspiration more than a textbook.
"Look in the book and see the amount of vegetables," he says. "Use that as an inspiration: Eat more vegetables." He also wants readers to use their own environments for inspiration. "Take your family out. Take a trip to the forest and experience the greatness of getting on your knees and picking your own food and going home ... and eating it."
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Redzepi only use foods that are indigenous to the Nordic Region.
2. The Nordic Region is a large area with a wide variety of natural foods.
3. Redzepi wants people to use his cookbook as a step-by-step guide to native Nordic cooking.
4. “Blueberries Surrounded by their Natural Environment” was inspired by the edible plants that grow close to blueberry bushes.
5. Noma is a large and expensive restaurant.
6. Redzepi thinks people should eat more natural, local food.
7. Melissa Block is confident that cooking these dishes will be easy for her.
8. The “Blueberry Surrounded by their Natural Environment” recipe is short and easy.
9. Redzepi often uses fresh vegetables including tomatoes in his dishes.
10. This cookbook is aimed at getting people to eat natural and local foods.
Circle the correct item
1. What statement best expresses the main idea of the text?
a) The indigenous food makes the best restaurant.
b) People get inspiration by using this cookbook.
c) People should eat more natural and local food.
d) People should visit the best restaurant.
2. The chef uses food that…
a) Is native to that region
b) A lot of tomatoes and olive oil
c) People bring from the forest
d) He gathers himself in the garden.
3. The cookbook is characterized by…
a) clear instructions
b) colorful pictures
c) a wide variety of European recipes
d) strange recipe titles.
4. The beautiful illustrations represent…
a) step-by-step preparation of a dish
b) picturesque landscapes of that region
c) various types of product compatibility
d) salty shores of the Atlantic ocean.
5. You can observe a nature and a product diversity in the region because…
a) the area isn’t rather vast
b) population is rather numerous
c) the climate is different
d) representatives of various nationalities live in the region.
6. The reason why the chef’s favourite food is blueberries is…
a) blueberries are abundant in Scandinavia;
b) there’s no more food on Earth;
c) he likes cold cream too;
d) he likes to gather berries in the forest.
7. The chef decided to use mushrooms and pine nuts in the recipe to…
a) show colour compatibility of the products
b) illustrate the simplicity of the dish
c) demonstrate the difficulty of preparation
d) combine the products that grow in the same environment.
8. The word “intimidated” can be replaced by each word EXCEPT…
a) frightened
b) appalled
c) terrified
d) personally.
9. In the text, the phrase "load a spray paint gun" could mean…
a) to put some food colour to cream
b) to add some paint to the dish
c) to fill in the cream bag
d) to put some bright vegetables on the plate.
10. According to the text, you get more inspiration when you…
a) eat more vegetables
b) read textbooks on cooking
c) spend more time with your family in the forest
d) gather food yourself and prepare original natural dishes.
Text № 13
Sun spots
Have you ever seen someone with a lot of freckles? Freckles are small dark spots on the skin. Sometimes people get freckles when they spend time outdoors in direct sunlight.
Strangely enough, the sun has “freckles”, too. These dark places on the sun’s surface are called sunspots. You should not try to see these spots because your eyes can be damaged by looking directly at the sun. But astronomers can safely observe sunspots by looking through their telescopes.
A sunspot usually lasts for a day or two. It is not really a “spot” at all but a hole. The surface of the sun is made of very hot gasses. In some places the gases whirl around and get cooler. These cooler whirlpools are darker than the rest of the surface and look like spots.
Scientists have learned that sunspots usually occur in eleven- year – old cycles. At the beginning and end of each cycle there are very few sunspots. But in the middle years of a cycle there may be hundreds of sunspots.
There may be a link between sunspots and life on the Earth. For instance, trees seem to grow faster during the years when there are more sunspots. About three hundred years ago sunspots practically disappeared for a period of seventy years. No one knows why. During those same years something changed the normal growth of trees. Scientists can see the pattern of a tree’s growth by examining the annual rings in the wood when the tree is cut down. The rings of very old trees show very little growth between 1645 and 1715 – the years the sunspots disappeared.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Freckles are dark spots on the sun’s surface.
2. Eyes could be hurt if you look straight at the sun.
3. It is NOT safe to use a telescope without special glasses.
4. Sunspots are not real spots, they are holes.
5. A sunspot lasts for two or more days.
6. A sunspot is a cooler place on the surface of the sun.
7. A sunspot cycle lasts for seventy years.
8. There are usually more sunspots at the beginning of each cycle.
9. The number of sunspots can reach hundreds.
10. Scientists think that somehow life on the Earth is connected with sunspots.
11. It is quite clear why there were few sunspots between 1645 and 1715.
12. Trees seem to grow faster when there are more sunspots.
13. The pattern of a tree can be seen on the cut part of the tree.
14. Trees grew very rapidly from 1645 to 1715.
Circle the correct item
1. Freckles are small dark spots on the skin and people get them…
a) eating a lot of cakes and sweets
b) when they spend time indoors playing computer games
c) when they are not wearing sunglasses
d) when they spend time outdoors in direct sunlight
2. The sun has got ‘freckles’ i.e. dark places …
a) on the sun’s surface
b) on the moon
c) on the sun’s ground
d) on the earth
3. Astronomers can safely observe sunspots by looking through their …
a) horoscopes
b) microscopes
c) telephones
d) telescopes
4. Scientists have learned that sunspots usually occur in …
a) ten-year-old cycles
b) eleven-year-old cyclones
c) one-year-old cycles
d) eleven-year-old cycles
5. About three hundred years ago sunspots practically disappeared …
a) from the earth surface
b) for a period of seventy years
c) forever
d). for a period of seventeen years
6.The rings of very old trees show very little growth between 1645 and 1715 – …
a) the years the sunspots disappeared
b) the years of World War
c) the years of the sun appeared
d) the years when the freckles appeared
Text № 14
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79.
The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbour with coagulated lava.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.
Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behaviour of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate.
In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewellery made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Mount Vesuvius is well-known because of its frequent and destructive eruptions.
2. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in 1765.
3. On the other side of the mountains, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Athens.
4. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction.
5. The eruption didn’t change large portions of the area’s geography.
6. Scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area’s geography.
7. Archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of different animals by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash.
8. The excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewellery made of gold.
9. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area.
10. Today volcanologists can’t locate and predict eruptions.
Circle the correct item
1. Herculaneum and its harbour were buried under ... lava.
a) liquid
b) solid
c) flowing
d) gas
e) answer not available
2. The poisonous gases were not ... in the air.
a) able to float
b) visible
c) able to evaporate
d) invisible
e) able to condense
3. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist ... a specimen.
a) describes in detail
b) studies by cutting apart
c) photographs
d) chart
e) answer not available
4. ... have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.
a) Scientists who study oceans
b) Scientists who study atmospheric conditions
c) Scientists who study ash
d) Scientists who study animal behaviour
e) Answer not available in article
5. Scientists have used ... water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
a) bottled
b) volcanic
c) purified
d) sea
e) fountain
Text № 15
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet.
By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief.
2. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on October 17, 1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter.
3. The inventors of the first flying machine were Wilbur and Orville Wright.
4. Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in chemistry and physics.
5. Two brothers designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop.
6. In 1902 and 1904, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques.
7. The Wright brothers set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings.
8. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than five thousand dollars.
9. The plane managed to stay aloft for twenty-two seconds, however, and it flew two hundred thirty feet.
10. The Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
Circle the correct item
1. The idea of flying an aircraft was ... to some people.
a) boring
b) distasteful
c) exciting
d) needless
e) answer not available
2. People thought that the Wright brothers had ...
a) acted without thinking
b) been negatively influenced
c) been too cautious
d) had not given enough thought
e) acted in a negative way
3. The Wright's interest in flight grew into a ...
a) financial empire
b) plan
c) need to act
d) foolish thought
e) answer not in article
4. Lilenthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was ... the Wrights.
a) proven wrong by
b) opposite to the ideas of
c) disliked by
d) accepted by
e) opposed by
5. The old tables were ... and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
a) destroyed
b) cancelled
c) multiplied
d) discarded
e) not used
6. The Wrights designed and built their own source of ...
a) force for moving forward
b) force for turning around
c) turning
d) force to going backward
e) none of the above
Text № 16
From "K2: A Trek to Danger's Doorstep" by Graham Bowley, The New York Times, 2010
One day last June, I roped up to a porter and we leaped over crevasses until we reached the side of K2, the second-tallest mountain on earth and one of its deadliest. We scrambled up a few hundred yards to the Gilkey Memorial, a rocky, sandy promontory at K2 Base Camp that commemorates climbers who have died on K2's dangerous slopes.
The air was loud with the sound of ravens. Metal mess plates, punched with the names of some of the fallen climbers, tinkled gently in the breeze. About 12,000 feet above us, the top of the mountain was hidden by cloud; only its vast toes of black and brown rock were visible, stretching down onto the frigid boulder-strewn rubble of the Godwin-Austen Glacier a few hundred feet below.
It was just below freezing. Descending quickly, I tried not to look at the warren of rocks around me where some of the bodies, blasted by storms down K2's slopes, were
buried. Parts of some of the bodies were visible, and occasionally I glimpsed a piece of ripped climbing suit or an old boot, or smelled something sickly on the air.
The experience must have affected one of my Balti porters, Abbas. Later, around midnight, he ran barefoot over the dangerous crevasses back toward the memorial, my porters told me, screaming to the dead that he belonged with them. A couple of the other porters held him down and brought him back to the tent. Believing he was possessed, they read the Koran to soothe him, but he bolted again.
At 5 a.m. when I lifted the flap of the mess tent, Abbas was asleep on a mat on the cold, stony floor, his hands and feet trussed. When he awoke, he was untied, and he rubbed his wrists groggily. He shook his head 'no' when I offered porridge and green tea. He staggered outside to the porters' shelter, a circle of blue-tarpaulin-covered stones where half a dozen porters were throwing down gasoline, lighting wisps of purple flames to warm themselves in the clear, freezing dawn.
I had finally realized my goal of reaching the base camp at K2, in the heart of the Karakoram Mountain range in northern Pakistan. Situated on the western edge of the Himalayas, the range contains one of the highest concentrations of the world's tallest peaks. My goal was to research a book about the climbers who challenge these slopes and in particular an accident on K2 in 2008 when 11 people died, one of the worst disasters in Himalayan mountaineering history. At 28,251 feet, K2 is almost 800 feet shorter than Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain. But while Everest has been largely demythologized by a seemingly constant stream of films, books and magazine articles, K2 - distant and reclusive — has retained an aura of mystery and danger. Among hard-core mountaineers its ascent is considered a far greater achievement than Everest.
The statistics support this. In the 2009 season, some 450 climbers reached the top of Everest while none summited K2. But K2 is not just more challenging; it is also more deadly. By the end of the 2009 climbing season, only 296 people had ever conquered K2, and at least 77 had died trying, a much higher casualty rate than for Everest.
I thought about this as I stood awestruck that cold morning, staring up at K2's stark face, and contemplated whether Abbas, in his frenzy, understood something intrinsic about this mountain and its reputation for death.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. K2 is the tallest mountain in the world.
2. There is a memorial at the K2 base camp to commemorate climbers who have died.
3. The text suggests that the porter, Abbas, was frightened because of the many deaths that have occurred on K2.
4. K2 is located in the Himalayas in northern Pakistan.
5. The author's goal was to reach the summit of K2.
6. No one successfully summited K2 in 2009.
7. The author believes that Mount Everest is a more difficult climb than K2.
8. K2 is over 28,000 feet tall.
9. The author suggests that K2 is not as dangerous as Everest.
10. The author of the article is unimpressed by K2.
Circle the correct item
l. K2 is …
a) the tallest mountain in the world
b) the second tallest mountain in the world
c) the most famous mountain in the world
d) the name of a climbing competition in Pakistan
2. Why does the Gilkey Memorial exist?
a) To honor the first man to climb K2.
b) To mark the beginning of the ascent to K2's peak.
c) To serve as a shelter from bad weather.
d) To commemorate climbers who have died on K2.
3. In the rocks surrounding the base camp, the author sees …
a) corpses and old climbing gear lost during past ascents
b) metal mess plates
c) porters arguing over whether or not to continue the ascent
d) tents and fires to keep the climbers warm
4. Abbas, one of the author's porters, was tied down to his mat because ...
a) he had stolen climbing gear from the author
b) he was feverish because of the cold and wanted to leave
c) he was disturbed by the sight of dead climbers
d) he was unable to make the ascent with the author
5. What was the author's primary motivation for journeying to K2?
a) He was doing research for a book on people's attempts to scale K2.
b) He planned to publish an article detailing his climbs to the base camps of K2 and Mount Everest.
c) He intended to reach the top of K2 and write a book about the achievement.
d) He hoped to honor the climbers who had died climbing K2.
6. Which of the following best sums up K2's reputation among mountaineers?
a) K2 is shorter and easier to summit than Mount Everest.
b) Even though K2's conditions are more challenging than those of Everest, more people successfully complete the climb.
c) K2 has an aura of mystery, though the climb is relatively risk-free.
d) K2, while shorter than Everest, is a more dangerous and deadly summit.
7. In this piece, the word 'concentrations' means …
a) intense focusing
b) condensed groups
c) difficult challenges
d) geographical hazards
8. Which adjective best describes K2?
a) apromontory
b) mythological
c) murderous
d) perilous
9. In 2009, 450 people reached the top of Mount Everest, while only about … had ever reached the top of K2.
a) 200
b) 100
c) 400
d) 300
10. At the end of the article the author wonders…
a) if Abbas, his porter, had a good reason to fear the mountain
b) if people are too intimidated by K2
c) why so many people have died trying to climb K2
d) if he will be able to reach the top of the mountain
Text № 17
Bowling is one of the oldest and most popular indoor sports. More Americans compete in bowling than in any other sport. Every year in the United States, about 39 million persons roll balls down gleaming wooden lanes to try to knock down the 10 pins. Bowling is becoming increasingly popular in other countries as well, especially in Canada, Japan, and the Latin-American nations. In addition to tenpin bowling, many people enjoy other forms of the sport, including boccie, candlepins, duckpins, fivepins, lawn bowling, and ninepins.
Until 1950s, bowling was considered to be a sport for bowlers only. But today, major bowling tournaments attract thousands of spectators. In addition, bowling tournaments rank among the most popular sports shows on television.
People have competed in various forms of bowling for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of the sport dates back to ancient Egypt. Archaeologists discovered equipment for a game resembling bowling that had been buried with an Egyptian child about 5200 B.C. The ancient Polynesians played a game that involved rolling small balls at round, flat disks about 4 inches in diameter. They rolled the balls 60 feet, the distance used in bowling today.
Modern forms of bowling can be traced back to the Middle Ages. In Germany, village dances and celebration of baptisms included bowling. The Germans rolled or threw stones at nine wooden clubs. Bowling appeared in England as early as 1100’s. The game became so popular that English people began to consider it more important than archery. But archery had such a vital role in the defense of England that Parliament outlawed bowling for a time.
Bowling became increasingly popular in the United States during 1800s. But gambling on the sport became so widespread that bowling came to be considered a social evil. In 1841, the Connecticut legislature outlawed “bowling at nine pins.” Bowlers evaded the ban by adding a pin – and thus started the 10-pin game.
Mark the statements T (True) or F (False)
1. Bowling is one of the oldest and most popular outdoor sports.
2. More Americans compete in bowling than any other sport.
3. Bowling is becoming increasingly popular in other countries, especially in Canada. Japan and African nations.
4. Until 1940s bowling was considered a sport for the bowlers only.
5. But today, major basketball tournaments attract thousands of spectators.
6. The earliest evidence of the sport dates back to ancient Egypt.
7. The ancient Polynesians rolled the balls 70 feet, the distance used in bowling today.
8. Modern forms of bowling can be traced back to the Middle Ages.
9. The French rolled or threw stones at nine wooden clubs.
10. Bowling became increasingly popular in the United States during the 1800´s.
Circle the correct item
1. Bowling is one of the oldest and most popular … sports.
a) inside
b) outdoor
c) indoor
1. More Americans compete in bowling than in any other …
a) game
b) sport
c) competition
2. Bowling is becoming … in other countries as well.
a) more and more popular
b) increasingly popular
c) very popular
3. Until 1950s bowling was considered to be a sport for …
a) boys only
b) bowlers only
c) sportsmen only
4. Bowling tournaments rank among the most popular sports shows …
a) on television
b) in internet
c) on radio
5. The earliest evidence of the sport dates back to …
a) ancient Greece
b) ancient Egypt
c) ancient Rome
6. The ancient Polynesians played a game that involved rolling small balls at round, flat disks about … inches in diameter.
a) 4
b) 6
c) 3
7. Modern forms of bowling can be … to the middle Ages.
a) searched
b) traced back
c) originated
8. The game became so popular that English people began to consider it more important than …
a) football
b) tennis
c) archery
Text № 18
Apple faces its ‘Nike moment’.
Apple faces its ‘Nike moment’ over working conditions in Chinese factories
Apple contractor Foxconn raises wages by 25% after reports of long hours for the hundreds of thousands of staff in China.
Charles Arthur and agencies 20 February, 2012
Apple is having a “Nike moment”, a problem that Nike had in the 1990s when its use of cheap labour in the Far East was discovered, one of the inspectors of Apple’s Chinese suppliers has said.
Speaking to ABC News’ Nightline programme, Ines Kaempfer of the US Fair Labour Association (FLA), which is inspecting the Foxconn assembly plants used by Apple in China, said: “There was a moment for Nike in the ‘90s when they got a lot of negative publicity. And they weren’t the worst. It’s probably like Apple. They’re not necessarily the worst; it’s just that the publicity is starting to increase. We call it the ‘Nike moment’.”
Foxconn, which is one of Apple’s main contractors, said on Monday it had raised wages by up to 25% after some workers committed suicide in 2011. There were also reports of long hours for the hundreds of thousands of staff.
It is the second big salary increase in less than two years at the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer, where workers’ conditions have been closely inspected.
Apple asked the FLA to carry out the inspection. The FLA aims to end sweatshop conditions in factories.
The continuing reports of deaths and distress at Foxconn have created a publicity problem for Apple. So far Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and Dell, which also use Foxconn for assembly work, have not commented on their use of its factories.
Tim Cook, Apple’s Chief Executive, says that the company takes working conditions very seriously and that every worker has the right to a fair and safe work environment.
Foxconn, which has its headquarters in Taiwan, employs about 1.2 million workers at a small number of plants in China, which are run with almost military discipline. Staff work for six or seven days a week and for up to 14 hours a day.
The workers assemble iPhones and iPads for Apple, Xbox 360 video game consoles for Microsoft, and computers for Dell and Hewlett-Packard. Foxconn is one of China’s largest single private employers.
Since 1 February, Foxconn’s staff receive 1,800-2,500 yuan ($285-395) a month, the company said.
“This is the way capitalism is supposed to work,” David Autor, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told The New York Times. “As nations develop, wages rise and life theoretically gets better for everyone.”
“But in China, for that change to be permanent, consumers have to be willing to pay more for their goods. When people read about bad Chinese factories in the paper, they might have a moment of outrage. But then they go to Amazon and only want to pay the lowest prices.”
Nike faced an outcry in the 1990s when independent reports revealed sweatshop conditions at a number of its suppliers. Continued protests changed its mind.
Foxconn also wants to limit working hours. The pay rises are compensation for workers’ reduced overtime, Company Spokesman Simon Hsing said in a statement. Foxconn said it was co-operating with the FLA inspectors, promising again to provide a safe and fair working environment.
In 2010, suicides at an enormous Foxconn complex in the southern boomtown of Shenzhen drew attention to the stress of many young workers.
At that time, the company denied that it ran assembly lines that were too fast and demanded too much overtime, but it soon announced two pay rises that more than doubled basic salaries to up to 2,000 Yuan a month.
In February, dozens of workers assembling video game consoles climbed to a Foxconn factory roof in the central Chinese city of Wuhan and some said they would jump to their deaths because of a disagreement with the company.
The New York Times reported that workers were happy about the pay rises and overtime limits, but some were unsure they would cause much real change.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Apple has the same business complications as Nike had when its use of cheap labour was discovered.
2. The ‘Nike moment’ is called the situation when the publicity is starting to decrease.
3. Foxconn had raised wages by up to 25% after some workers committed crimes under the influence of alcohol in 2011.
4. It is the second big salary increase in less than two years at the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer.
5. After Apple had asked the FLA to carry out the inspection, the FLA aimed to end salary increase in factories.
6. Tim Cook was Apple’s Chief Executive who claims that every worker has the right to a fine and safe work environment.
7. Workers at a small number of plants in China are run with almost military control.
8. According to the article nation’s regress, wages rise and life theoretically gets better for everyone.
9. Every time when people read about bad Chinese factories in the paper, they might have a moment of an extremely strong reaction of anger and shock.
10. Dozens of workers wanted to commit suicide because of a quarrel with the company.
Choose the best answer to these questions.
1. Which bad business practices is the article about?
a) Cheap labour and bad working conditions
b) Suicides and stress
c) Capitalism and consumers
2. Which countries/ regions does the article specifically refer to?
a) India and China
b) the Far East and Europe
c) the US and China
3. What is the business relationship between Foxconn and Apple?
a) Foxconn’s products are put together at Apple’s factories.
b) Apple’s products are put together at Foxconn’s factories.
c) Foxconn supplies parts for Apple products.
4. Why is Foxconn being investigated?
a) Because there are too many workers in their small factories
b) Because workers haven’t been paid for the work they have done
c) Because working conditions in their factories are so bad that some workers have killed themselves
5. Which other global companies do business with Foxconn?
a) Nike and Dell
b) Dell and Microsoft
c) Nike and Hewlett-Packard
6. How are consumers to blame for the workers’ conditions at Foxconn?
a) We buy from Amazon and not directly from Apple.
b) We want to pay the lowest prices possible for our electronic goods.
c) We buy too many electronic goods
Text № 19
Billionaires ‘adding to poverty’.
Billionaires’ fortunes hinder fight against poverty, says Oxfam
Phillip Inman, economics correspondent 19 January, 2013
The huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires are increasing inequality and hindering the world’s ability to tackle poverty, according to Oxfam.
The charity said the accumulation of wealth and income often led to a reduction in secure jobs and decent wages for the poorest people. This made it more difficult for people who survive on aid or low wages to improve their situation and escape poverty.
Oxfam said the world’s poorest could be taken out of poverty several times over if the richest 100 billionaires would give away the money they made in 2012.
Without naming anyone, the charity argued that the $240bn made in 2012 by the richest 100 billionaires would be enough to end extreme poverty four times over.
It is unusual for charities to attack the wealthy, because they are usually seen as a source of money. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett are among a group of 40 US billionaires who have said they will give much of their wealth to aid projects, but there is little detail about the level of their annual donations. Russian, Middle Eastern or Chinese billionaires have not promised to do the same.
In the report, The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All, published just before the World Economic Forum in Davos, the charity asks world leaders to commit to reducing inequality to at least 1990 levels.
The report found that the richest 1% had increased their incomes by 60% in the past 20 years. And the financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process.
Barbara Stocking, Oxfam’s Chief Executive, said studies show that countries suffer low levels of investment and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller share of total incomes.
She said: “We can no longer pretend that the creation of wealth for a few will benefit the many – too often the reverse is true.”
The report said the issue affected all parts of the world. “In the UK, inequality is rapidly returning to levels not seen since the nineteenth century. In China, the top 10% now earn nearly 60% of the income. Chinese inequality levels are now similar to those in South Africa, which is now the most unequal country on Earth.”
In the US, the share of national income going to the top 1% has doubled since 1980 from 10 to 20%, the report says.
Members of the richest 1% are estimated to cause as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.
Oxfam said world leaders should learn from countries such as Brazil, which has grown rapidly while reducing inequality.
Stocking said: “We need to reverse decades of increasing inequality. As a first step, world leaders should formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990.”
She said closing tax havens, which hold as much as $31 trillion, or as much as a third of all global wealth, could collect $189bn in additional taxes.
Oxfam - a British charity founded in Oxford in 1942, dedicated to helping victims of famine and natural disasters as well as raising living standards in developing countries
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. According to Oxfam inequality and hindering the world’s ability to tackle poverty is increased because of the huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires.
2. The build-up of wealth and income often led to a decrease in secure jobs and decent wages for the needy people.
3. Oxfam suggests helping poor people by taking away money from the billionaires.
4. It is unusual for charities to praise the wealthy.
5. According to the article the wealthy people are usually seen as a source of money for business.
6. The financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process of increasing the incomes of the rich people.
7. Studies show that countries suffer low levels of funding and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller allowance of total incomes.
8. The formation of wealth for a few will benefit the many.
9. Members of the richest 1% are believed to give rise as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.
10. Brazil is one of the countries which has grown slow while reducing inequality.
Choose the best answer to these questions.
1. How much did the world’s richest 100 billionaires increase their wealth by in 2012?
a) $240bn;
b) Over$ 320 million;
c) Less than $24 bn;
2. How much money would be needed to tackle world poverty?
a) $60bn;
b)$ 2 million;
c) Several thousands;
3. Why does Oxfam criticize even those US billionaires who do donate part of their wealth?
a) They do not invest money in private pension funds.
b) They don’t provide details of their annual donations.
c) They hide their real incomes.
4. Why do Oxfam especially criticize billionaires in China, Russia and the Middle East?
a) Their countries suffer low levels of investment.
b) They invest money in private pension funds.
c) They have not promised their wealth to aid projects.
5. What is the name of Oxfam’s report?
a) The Cost of Independence: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All.
b) The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hunts for Us All.
c) The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All.
6. Which country should world leaders learn from, according to Oxfam?
a) Brazil;
b) Holland;
c) China;
7. In which country is financial inequality most extreme?
a) South Africa;
b) South America;
c) South East;
8. In what way is it claimed that billionaires cause environmental damage?
a) They create new cars.
b) They pollute far more than the average person.
c) They help different plants to develop.
9. What does Oxfam want world leaders to do first?
a) Be ready to donate all their money to charities;
b) Learn how to make more profits of their incomes;
c) Formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990;
10. What action could relieve much of the poverty in the world?
a) Closing tax havens;
b) Opening tax havens;
c) Closing annual tax havens;
Text № 20
The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate concerning Europe's fastest game bird, what began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords to promote Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.
In its early years, the book set its sights on satisfying man's innate curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, scoured the globe to collect empirical facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period that some of the hallmark Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"
Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly obscure, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people a chance to become famous for accomplishing eccentric, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled non-stop for ten and quarter hours.
In its latest incarnation, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer restricted to the confines of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled with a beard. While there is no denying that each of these facts has its own, individual allure, the latter represents a significant deviation from the education-oriented facts of earlier editions. Perhaps there is useful knowledge to be gleaned regarding the tensile strength of a beard, but this seems to cater to an audience more interested in seeking entertainment than education.
Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records has evolved over decades to provide insight into the full spectrum of modern life. And although one may be more likely now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. There are hundreds of thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records.
2. At first the book was sold to pub landlords to promote the drink.
3. The book sells 100 million copies in over 120 countries.
4. Two principal fact finders were brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter.
5. They knew the reason of their success as they were aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge.
6. In 1979 a man yodeled non-stop for twelve hours.
7. People are more interested in seeking entertainment than education.
8. The Guinness Book of Records has been providing insight into the full spectrum of modern life over forty years.
9. At the Guinness World Records website you can find out future of fact-finding and record-recording.
10. One is more likely to learn about the present records then those of the past.
Circle the correct item
1. Which of the following statements would best serve as the headline for this passage?
a) The encyclopedia of the extremes reflects the changing interests of modern society.
b) A book of simple origins makes it to the top as sales total a staggering 120 million copies.
c) Facts are often displayed in a boring, uninteresting manner, but not in the Guinness Book of Records.
d) The Guinness World Records website proves itself a valuable resource for insight into the full spectrum of modern life.
e) Where other books fall short, the index of superlative sciences never ceases to amaze.
2. According to the author, the most significant difference between older editions of the Guinness Book of Records and the new Guinness World Records website involves…
a) an end to the use of facts as a means to promote Guinness
b) an overall increase in the total number of facts presented
c) a move from fact-finding to the recording of achievements
d) a shift in focus from educational to entertaining material
e) a departure from book sales being limited to local pubs and bars
3. As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for empirical?
a) natural
b) derived from experience
c) recordable
d) excellent or unmatched
e) convenient or handy
4. Based on its use in paragraph 2, which of the following best describes something that is superlative?
a) Students give presentations about their favorite subjects for a grade. Amy Newhouse receives an 87% for her presentation, while Dustin Lincoln receives a 92%.
b) Although sharks are significantly bigger and have razor-sharp teeth, dolphins are smarter and can therefore successfully evade attack.
c) The lake holds a contest to see who can catch the biggest fish. Tommy wins, having caught a 6 lb. 5 oz. smallmouth bass.
d) A man built an enormous house of cards. It took him 44 days and 218,792 individual playing cards to complete.
e) Ichiro likes tennis and practices every day. In his last tournament, he placed 3rd of over 350 competitors, winning the bronze trophy.
5. Using the passage as a guide, it can be inferred that the author most likely believes reality television to be…
a) corrupt
b) absurd
c) idiotic
d) invaluable
e) shallow
6. In the final paragraph, the author writes, "And although one may be more likely now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording." Which of the following literary devices is used in this quotation?
a) Aphorism, characterized by the use of a concise statement that is made in a matter of fact tone to state a principle or an opinion that is generally understood to be a universal truth. Aphorisms are often adages, wise sayings and maxims aimed at imparting sense and wisdom.
b) Alliteration, characterized by the use of adjacent words that begin with the same sound or letter, creating a repetition of similar sounds in the sentence. This is used to add character to the writing and often adds an element of playfulness.
c) Amplification, characterized by the embellishment or extension of a statement in order to give it greater worth or meaning. This is often used for rhetorical purposes.
d) Anagram, characterized by the jumbling of the syllables of a phrase or the individual letters of a word to create a new word. Anagram is a form of wordplay that allows the writer to infuse mystery and a fun into the writing so that the reader can decipher the actual word on his or her own and discover enhanced depth of meaning.
e) Anthropomorphism in which a human quality, emotion or ambition is attributed to a non-human object or being. This is often used in order to relate the object to the reader on a familiar level and also to increase the level of relativity between the humans and objects while lending character to the subject.
7. Which of the following best summarizes the organization of this passage?
a) Introduction, history, conclusion
b) History, examples, explanations, conclusion
c) Exposition, history, conclusion
d) Introduction, thesis, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
e) Introduction, history, exposition, conclusion
8. All of the following words are synonymous with ‘to log’ EXCEPT…
a) to register;
b) to record;
c) to note;
d) to chart;
e) to type.
9. Guinness in its primary denotation is…
a) a famous book;
b) an Irish drink;
c) a Scottish drink;
d) a sort of beer;
e) a British drink.
10. Which of the following words is an antonym to ‘pointless’?
a) expedient;
b) futile;
c) meaningless;
d) vain;
e) inane.
Text № 21
A Cherokee alphabet
Sequoya was one of the great native American chiefs. He was a Cherokee. He is also famous because he invented an alphabet for the Cherokee language.
Sequoya was born at a time when the American colonies still belonged to England. As a young man, he learned to hunt and fish and to do the other things Cherokee boys learned. He was also a skilled worker in silver, but he was not taught how to read and write. At the time, the Cherokee had no alphabet of their own.
After Sequoya got married, a hunting accident left him a cripple. He spent much of his time sitting around or walking slowly. More important, he had time to think. He knew about the colonists’ “talking leaf”, a piece of paper with writing on it. He believed that native Americans, too could learn their languages.
Sequoya spent many hours making marks on pieces of wood and stones. His wife and friends began to think he was strange. More than that, they thought he might be crazy.
Sequoya worked on his ideas for years. At last he had solved the problem. Each mark he wrote stood for a syllable in their Cherokee language. Furthermore, the alphabet was so simple and exact that it could be learned in a few days. Even more important, Sequoya had each person who learned his alphabet to teach another person. Soon, almost all the people of the Cherokee Nation could read and write their language.
Sequoya’s name will also be remembered forever in another way. The giant redwood trees in California, the tallest trees in the world, have been named for this Native American. The trees are called Sequoyas.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. “Cherokee” is the name of an Indian tribe.
2. The problem of Cherokee Indians was they didn’t have their own language.
3. Sequoya had many talents and skills.
4. Sequoya was taught to read and write in an American school.
5. When Sequoya was a boy he was badly hurt in an accident.
6. After the accident Sequoya remained blind.
7. “Talking leaf” is more likely the name the Indians gave to a book.
8. Sequoya’s relatives supported him in his job.
9. It took Sequoya quite a long time to create the alphabet.
10.Cherokee language could be learned in a couple of days.
11.Thanks to Sequoya’s alphabet the Indians could easily learn English.
12.Both the Native American and the tallest tree have the same name.
Circle the correct item
1. Sequoya the chief of an Indian tribe became famous …
a) because he invented electricity
b) wanted to compose an anthem for the tribe
c) because he invented an alphabet for the Cherokee language
d) For inventing a bicycle for his tribe
2. Sequoya was born at a time when …
a) British colonies attacked Indian tribes
b) when the American colonies still belonged to England
c) when the American colonies still belonged to Europe
d) dinosaurs died
3. Cherokee was also a skilled worker in silver, but…
a) he was not taught how to read and write
b) he was not taught how to jump and sing
c) he did not want to learn the alphabet
d) he was taught to read and write
4. Cherokee chief spent many hours …
a) crying because of his blindness
b) reading books on art
c) making crosses ob pieces of wood
d) making marks on pieces of wood and stones
5. His wife and friends thought that he might be crazy because…
a) he slept all days
b) he worked for years on his ideas
c) he did not want to go hunting
d) he was not able to write letters
6. Cherokee language …
a) could not be learned
b) could be learned in a couple of days
c) never could be learned
d) could be learned in a couple of years
Text № 22
Book collecting is the acquisition of books. It is one of the most rewarding of all hobbies. It can also be a delightful addition to another hobby, or to serious study of almost any subject. Book collectors make collections for various reasons. One reason may be a personal interesting an author or in a subject. Many collectors prize a first addition for the feeling of close relationship to its author that the book brings. Some persons collect rare books as an investment. Desirable editions in good condition will probably always be worth what is paid for them, and perhaps more.
Some booklovers, or bibliophiles, collect to save worthy books and preserve them for posterity. Most of the large libraries of the 1500’s, 1600’s, and 1700’s were brought together with this purpose in mind.
Modern book collecting began in Europe when some men realized that the early printed books were disappearing. Some books had been worn out with use, and others had been seized, suppressed, or destroyed.
Fields of collecting are endless. They include first editions; early printed books; books with fine bindings; books with fine color illustrations; books for children; books on many subjects, such as periods of history, a region, furniture, birds, cookery, arts and crafts, or sports; books about certain persons, such as Abraham Lincoln; or books by certain authors. Beginning collectors tend to collect indiscriminately. In time, the field of interest narrows to manageable limits. Sensational prices that rare books sometimes bring at auction increase interest in book collecting, and inspire new searchers for treasure in books.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Book collecting is the acquisition of knowledge.
2. Book collecting is one of the most rewarding hobbies.
3. Book collectors make collections for their children.
4. Some persons collect rare books as an investment.
5. Most of the large libraries of the 1900´s were brought together with the purpose in mind.
6. Modern book collecting began in Asia when some men realized that the early printed books were disappearing.
7. Some books had been worn out with use and others had been seized, suppressed and destroyed.
8. Fields of collecting are limited.
9. Beginning collectors tend to collect all rare books.
10. Sensational prices of rare books inspire new searchers for treasures in them.
Circle the correct item
1. Book collecting is the … of books.
a) acquisition
b) gaining knowledge
c) learning a skill
2. Book collecting is one of the most … of all hobbies.
a) satisfied
b) useful
c) rewarding
3. Book collectors make collections for various …
1. sense
2. reason
3. judgment.
4.Some persons collect rare books as …
a) a success
b) a profit
c) an investment
5. … book collecting began in Europe.
a) Contemporary
b) Modern
c) Up-to-date
6. Fields of collecting are …
a) endless
b) very large
c) various
7. Beginning collectors tend to collect …
a) without thinking
b) without attention
c) indiscriminately
8. In time the field of interest narrows to ... limits.
a) easy to control
b) easy to deal
c) manageable
9. … prices that rare books sometimes bring at auction increase interest in book collecting.
a) Sensational
b) Stunning
c) Surprising
Text № 23
It all adds up
The supermarket looks like any other. But its checkout stands are a bit unusual. More and more stores of all types are using the new checkout system. This system uses a machine that can do all sorts of things. It can do math you can’t do in your head.
What does the cashier do? He or she simply pulls the food across a small window. The window is at the end of the checkout counter. On the side of the can or box or package is a row of light and dark lines. The lines have numbers. The checkout machine “reads” these lines and numbers when the item is passed across the window. The machine finds out what the item is and sends that message to the computer.
What do those strange lines and numbers mean? The lines help the machine find where the beginning, middle and end of the numbers are. The numbers describe the item for the computer. For example, look at the can. The little 0 on the left means the item came in a package or can of some kind. The first five numbers at the bottom stand for the company that made the item. The last five stand for the name and size of the item.
The computer knows all sorts of information about the item. The computer chooses the facts that might be needed and sends them back to the checkout machine. The machine flashes the name of the item and the price on a small screen and adds the price of that item to the customer’s bill. Then the bill comes out of the machine on a long paper tape.
What else can this wonderful machine do? It can read the weight of a bag of fruit on a scale, figure out the cost and add it to the bill. That’s not all. The computer constantly gets information on which items are purchased and how fast they sell. It lets the store manager know when the store is running out of certain things. The manager can tell how many shoppers there were in the store at any time of the day.
It all adds up. Nowadays almost supermarkets use this speedy checkout system.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. More and more stores of all types are using the new checkout system.
2. This system uses a machine that can do all sorts of things.
3. The cashier has to throw the food into a bin.
4. On the side of the can or box or package is a row of light and dark lines.
5. The checkout machine ‘writes’ these lines and numbers when the item is passed across the window.
6. The lines help the machine find where the beginning, middle, and end of the numbers are.
7. The first ten numbers at the bottom stand for the company that made the item.
8. The machine flashes the name of the item and the price on a small screen and minuses the price of that item.
9. Then the bill comes out of the machine on a long paper tape.
10. The store manager always knows when the store is running out of certain things.
Circle the correct item
1. All of the following is true about the new checkout system EXEPT the fact that it…
a) uses the machine that can do many things.
b) will replace the cashier for a computer.
c) tells how much to pay for this or that item.
d) can do calculations you can’ do in your head.
2. The main topic the article speaks about is…
a) cashiers who now can work faster and be more efficient.
b) some special code with lines and numbers of products.
c) an effective system of checkout of products and goods.
d) the advantages and disadvantages of selling goods in supermarkets.
3. The code with lines and numbers on any item…
a) tells some important information about it.
b) flashes the numbers on a special screen.
c) informs the manager how many shoppers there were.
d) lets the cashier know how many items are sold.
4. The lines and numbers on the item DON’T give information about…
a) the size of the item.
b) what the item is.
c) the company – producer.
d) the price of the item.
5. The computer…
a) helps the machine find the beginning, middle and end of the numbers.
b) flashes the name of the item and the price on the small screen.
c) gives away the name and the price of the item on a long paper tape.
d) has different facts about every item which is sold in the supermarket.
6. The checkout system works in the following order. First the…
a) checkout machine sends information about the item to the computer.
b) checkout machine reads information about the item.
c) item passes across the small screen window on the counter.
d) computer processed information about the item and adds the price.
7. Due to such a system of checkout…
a) fewer cashiers are needed to work with costumers.
b) shoppers don’t need either paper bills of tapes.
c) items can now come in boxes and packages.
d) managers can get information about sold items.
Text № 24
Beware – chewing gum!
Towns and cities across the UK are sticking together to try get more done to clean chewing gum off the streets. Councils in 20 places want companies that make chewing gum to contribute towards cleaning up the mess that it leaves on the streets. It costs local councils around £150 million every year to scrape gum off the streets.
The group says that every single piece of gum costs 10p to clean up, but only costs 3p to make. They add that if gum companies handed over 1p from every pack sold it would add £9 million to the clean – up fund.
A spokesman for Westminster Council in London said they spend £100,000 every year on cleaning up discarded chewing gum. Alan Bradley added ”It is time the manufacturer and the people who throw this mess on to the ground take responsibility for their actions – it is time to make the polluters pay”. On Monday the Government – backed Chewing gum Action Group is holding a conference on the issue too.
People who drop gum in the street could face fines of up to £75 from Monday. The aim of scheme, being tried out in Preston, is to get gum chewers to throw their gum in the bin when they’ve finished with it, not on the floor. Specially trained wardens will issue law breakers who refuse to bin their chewing gum with fine starting at £50.
The government – backed campaign will also run adverts to convince people that getting the sticky stuff off the street is a real problem. Anti – gum dropping adverts will appear on posters in shopping areas and in telephone kiosks. Disposal pouches for people to use to get rid of their gum will also be handed out in pedestrian areas.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Towns and cities across the US are sticking together to clean chewing gum off the streets.
2. Councils in 20 places do not want companies that make chewing gum to contribute towards cleaning up.
3. It costs local councils around $ 150 million every year to scrape gum off the streets.
4. The group says that every piece of gum costs 10p to clean up.
5. On Monday the Government-backed Chewing Gum Action Group is holding a conference on the issue.
6. The lowest fine for messing with chewing gum will be $50.
7. The aim of the scheme is to get gum chewers to throw their gum in the bin.
8. Specially trained wardens will give the law breaker golden medals.
9. The government-backed campaign will also run advertisements.
10. Anti-gum adverts will appear on posters in shopping areas and in telephone kiosks.
Circle the correct item
1. The problem the UK towns and cities face is…
a) the low cost of chewing gum.
b) increasing damage by chewing gum.
c) low fines the polluters pay.
d) damage by advertising chewing gums.
2. The government and local authorities are looking for the ways to…
a) organise advertising campaign against gum producing companies.
b) limit the growing production of chewing gum by the leading manufacturers.
c) make more money necessary to clean up streets of British towns and cities.
d) train special wardens to issue law breakers with fines.
3. The group of experts has come to the conclusion that…
a) to produce a piece of gum is cheaper than to clean up the mess it leaves
b) if every pack of gum were sold cheaper local authorities would add £9 million to the clean up fund.
c) gum producing companies should contribute £100,000 every year to do away with the problem.
d) local councils should spend about £150 million every year to scrape gum off the streets.
4.The lowest fine for messing with chewing gum will be…
a) £75.
b) £50.
c) £150.
d) £9.
5. Discarded chewing gum…
a) never makes any problems to people.
b) should be given to specially trained wardens.
c) cannot be get rid of because it sticks to bins.
d) should never be on the ground.
6. Government – backed advertising campaign will…
a) convince people to get rid of chewing gum.
b) appear on posters in shopping areas.
c) help people realise their responsibilities.
d) aim at handing out special ads in pedestrian areas.
Text № 25
Unusual women of the past
You may think that no women went to sea or joined the army until the twentieth century, but this is not true. Although they usually had to pretend to be men, there are a few true stories of women who fought for both good reasons and bad ones.
One English woman soldier in the seventeenth century was Christian Walsh, the wife of a man who was made to join the army, although he did not want to be a soldier. Christian refused to accept the situation, unlike most women in those days. She cut off her hair, dressed as a man and joined the army, calling herself Kit Cavanagh, in order to look for her husband. It was thirteen years before she found him and during that time she fought in several different countries. She was only discovered to be a woman when doctors were operating on her for an injury she had received while fighting.
A rather different example, from around the same time, is Anne Bonney. It is not certain why she left Ireland, where she was born, and went to the islands which are now called the Bahamas. However, we know that when she got there, she fell in love with a sailor called John Rackham. She worked with John to steal a ship from the local port. They obviously chose the ship carefully, because it was the fastest one in the port at the time. For the next ten years they sailed round the Caribbean, attacking other ships and stealing everything valuable from them, as well as taking sailors to help on their own ship.
One day, Anne was surprised to discover that a boy they had taken off another ship in this way was really a young woman. She told Anne her name was Mary Read. She said she had dressed like a man to increase her opportunities, because in those days of course most women were expected to stay at home. Earlier, Mary had fought in the army, but had stopped pretending to be a man for a short time when she married a soldier who had realized that she was a woman. Unfortunately her husband died, and so Mary started to dress as a man once again and became a sailor.
Anne and Mary continued their criminal career with John Rackham, but in the end their ship was caught by the navy. The two women went on fighting even after all the men were taken prisoner, but they avoided punishment and disappeared. Nobody knows what happened to them after that. Perhaps they pretended to be men and joined another ship, or maybe they got married.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The writer says many women joined armies before the twentieth century.
2. Christian Walsh wanted to marry a soldier.
3. Kit Cavanagh spent thirteen years in the army.
4. Kit fought the doctors when they tried to operate.
5. Anne Bonney went to the Bahamas to find John Rackham.
6. Anne helped John to get a fast ship.
7. Mary was already working on a ship before she met Anne.
8. Mary joined the army in order to be with her husband.
9. Anne and Mary went to prison after john Rackham.
10. It is uncertain what happened to Anne and Mary in the end.
Circle the correct item
1. One English woman soldier in the seventeenth century was Christian Walsh…
a) the mother of a sailor
b) the wife of a man who was made to join the army
c) a local housewife who didn’t want to marry
d) a widow
2. She cut off her hair, dressed as a man and joined the army…
a) to protect her husband from the army
b) in order to look for her husband
c) in order to cook her husband tasty dinners
d) unlike most women in those days
3. Anna Bonney left Ireland …
a) because she wanted to earn a lot of money
b) for an injury she had received
c) for an earthquake
d) it is not certain why she left
4. For the next ten years they sailed round the Caribbean…
A) attacking other ships and stealing everything valuable from them
b) searching gold and money
c) discovering new lands
d) stealing ships from the local ports
5. Mary had fought in the army, but had stopped pretending to be a man for a short time …
a) to bear a child for her man
b) when she married a soldier
c) when she had decided to become a nun
d) because in those days most woman were expected to stay at home
6. Anne and Mary continued their criminal career with John Rackman…
a) because they could not live without sailing
b) in order to increase their opportunities
c) but in the end their ship was caught by pirates
d) but in the end their ship was caught by the navy
Text № 26
Beginning about the year 100 and reaching its flower in medieval times, alchemy was an art based partly upon experimentation and partly upon magic. Early investigators of natural processes centred their search on a mythical substance they knew as the philosopher’s stone (the expression ‘stone’ refers to any general mineral substance) which was supposed to possess many valuable attributes such as the power to heal, to prolong life and to change base metals into precious metal – such as gold. This substance was eagerly – understandably – sought after, and the rich folks of the day sponsored alchemists who promised them the stone in the same way that today’s wealthy will court and support inventors of perpetual motion machines and those who claim mystic powers. Expectations of success were then, and are now, equally and perpetually futile.
The three general aims of the alchemists – transmuting base metals into gold, prolonging life indefinitely, and manufacturing artificial life – failed to be met. Very few alchemists obtained any success, but Friar Nicolas Flamel of Paris, who claimed to have found the secret of transmutation, is said to have died very rich. In the year 1400, the cautious Henry IV of England passed a law against ‘the art of multiplication’, which meant creating gold or silver by alchemy. A subsequent Henry, the sixth, took a different tack in 1455 when he granted four commissions to scoundrels who assured him they could produce all sorts of gold.
But along the way, alchemists made many genuinely valuable contributions to knowledge, though such fundamental discoveries as the chemical elements and the manner in which they form compound substances, escaped them. Their basic ‘elements’ were fire, air, earth and water, and they believed that all substances were combinations of sulphur, mercury and common salt, which they said were themselves composed of the four elements.
In modern times, there was a great excitement among those who still clung to belief in alchemy when it was determined that all real elements are composed of the same particles (electrons, protons, neutrons) in different ratios; the immediate assumption was that the long-sought process of transmutation was at last possible. True, elements are now transmuted; an atom at a time, by high-energy bombardment with subatomic particles, but this is as similar to the notions of the alchemists as the space flight by rocket is to attaining earth-orbit on a pogo stick.
Eventually, when the nonsense and misinformation were boiled out of alchemy, it became chemistry.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Alchemy was an art based on partly upon experimentation and partly upon magic.
2. Early investigators of natural processes centered their search on a mythical thing they knew as the philosopher's stone.
3. The philosopher's stone was supposed to possess many valuable attributes.
4. The rich folks of the day sponsored scientists who promised them the stone.
5. The two general aims of the alchemists were: transmuting base metals into gold and manufacturing artificial life.
6. Alchemists made many genuinely valuable contributions to knowledge.
7. The basic elements were fire, air, earth.
8. The long-sought process of transmutation was at last possible.
9. Elements are now transmuted an atom at a time, by high – energy bombardment with subatomic particles.
10. When the nonsense and misinformation were boiled out of alchemy, it became physics.
Circle the correct item
1. Alchemy was an art based partly upon experimentation and partly upon …
a) power
b) magic
c) ability
2. Early investigators of natural processes centered their search on a mythical … they knew as the philosopher's stone.
a) material
b) liquid
c) substance
3. The rich folks of the day sponsored …
a) alchemists
b) scientists
c) magicians
4. … of success were then and are now, equally and perpetually fertile.
a) Hopes
b) Beliefs
c) Expectations
5. The three general aims of the alchemists failed …
a) to be met
b) to be seen
c) to be solved
6. Friar Nicolas Flamel of Paris …
a) died very poor
b) became famous
c) died very rich
7. A subsequent Henry granted four commissions to scoundrels who assured him they could produce …
a) all sorts of gold
b) all sorts of silver
c) all sorts of diamonds
8. Alchemists made many valuable contributions …
a) skills
b) understanding
c) to knowledge
9. Their basic … were fire, air, earth and water.
a) elements
b) parts
c) features
10. When the nonsense and misinformation were boiled out of alchemy …
a) it became biology
b) it became chemistry
c) it became physics
Text № 27
Violent games and human brain
Playing violent computer games can make you care less about violence in real life, according to a study. Researchers watched a group of people playing games with brutal killings and high-powered weapons in them. Then they showed them photos of real violence and found they were not as shocked by them as expected. They did this by monitoring their brains.
However, the group was still very shocked by other disturbing pictures of things like dead animals. The scientists recorded how shocked the people were by looking at a certain type of brain activity, which measures how much effect a picture has on the brain.
People have tried to prove that violent games made people more aggressive in the past, but others said it was that more aggressive people simply chose games which were more violent. One of the psychologists who did the survey, Bruce Bartholow, said: “As far as I’m aware, this is the first study to show that exposure to violent games has effects on the brain that predict aggressive behaviour.”
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. According to study playing violent computer games can make you care more about violence in real life.
2. Researchers examined a group of people.
3. Afterwards they showed them photos of real violence.
4. Scientists have found that people were not as shocked by them as expected.
5. They did this by monitoring their hearts.
6. The group was still very shocked by other disturbing pictures of things like dead animals.
7. The scientists measured how much effect a picture has on the brain.
8. People have tried to prove that violent games made people kinder.
9. Others said it was that more aggressive people simply choose games which were more violent.
10. One of the psychologists who did the survey said that there had been no real problems.
Circle the correct item
1. If you play violent computer games, you are likely … in real life.
a) not to pay too much attention to violence
b) to become rather careless
c) to grow more violent
d) to care more about violence
2. Researchers…
a) played games with killings and weapons
b) were shocked by what they had discovered
c) took pictures of people playing violent games
d) observed and checked the players’ brains
3. People who played the violent computer games …
a) weren’t shocked looking at pictures of real violence
b) became cruel and disturbed animals in real life
c) were shocked by the pictures of dead animals
d) found pictures with dead animals not shocking
4. When scientists watched the certain type of brain activity, they…
a) could measure the effect a picture has on a human
b) recorded how active peoples’ brain was
c) shocked people by the results of their research
d) also looked at other activities people had
5. The article tells that…
a) being aggressive is always a result of violent computer games
b) less aggressive people never play violent computer games
c) more aggressive people tend to choose violent computer games
d) those who don’t play violent computer games never become aggressive
Text № 28
Face transplant man Richard Norris has ‘life restored’
James Meikle 28 March, 2012
When Richard Norris first saw his new face in a mirror, three days after a 36-hour face transplant operation, he was lost for words. But his doctors expressed how he felt – “this is so cool,” one of his surgeons kept repeating. Norris, 37, had worn a mask since a gun accident took away his lips, nose and the front part of his tongue in 1997.
His vision was not badly affected by the accident so, as soon as possible after his surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center, he asked to see the results of the operation. On the same day, he told them that he could smell too. The operation took place on 19 and 20 March. A week later, he was able to brush his teeth and shave. His new face, said lead surgeon Eduardo Rodriguez, is “a combination of two individuals”.
Norris is the twenty-third person to have had a partial or full face transplant. The first was performed in France, in 2005, on a woman who had been attacked by her dog. A picture of how Norris looks now shows how his face has changed since his high-school graduation in 1993, and since the gun accident that destroyed much of his face.
Norris had been living as a recluse, avoiding eating in public and shopping for groceries at night. Since the accident, he has not had a full-time job and has already had numerous operations. “This accidental injury just destroyed everything,” said Rodriguez. “His friends and colleagues went on to start getting married, having children, owning homes. He wants to make up for all that.”
The operation involved more than 150 doctors, nurses and other staff. It was part of a remarkable 72 hours in which surgeons also transplanted a heart, both lungs, a liver and a kidney from the same anonymous donor, to other patients. For Norris, the surgeons transplanted teeth, the upper and lower jaw, a portion of the tongue and all facial tissue from the scalp to the base of the neck.
The most dramatic moment, according to Rodriguez, was after the team had removed all previous attempts to reconstruct Norris’s face. All that was left was part of his tongue and minimal protection for his eyes. That was the point of no return. “At this point we had to be successful.” Now, however, Norris’s face will need only minor, outpatient procedures.
Many developments in Baltimore have been made possible by US defense and naval research departments, which have provided funding for face and hand operations for wounded soldiers. More than 1,000 soldiers have been injured in Iraq and Afghanistan and the government believes up to 200 may be eligible for face transplants. Doctors say they hope to operate on military patients soon.
Norris was chosen from five potential patients, said Rodriguez. The selection process included psychological testing. He described Norris’s reaction to seeing a mirror “as one of the most emotional moments for him as well as for all of us. He put down the mirror and thanked me and hugged me, which was a wonderful gift …” The operation, said Rodriguez, had “restored the 15 years he had lost. We are making him a functioning member of society again.”
Rolf Barth, a transplant surgeon, said researchers had found there were fewer rejections with transplants involving a large amount of bone marrow with its own blood supply. Norris would have to take drugs for the rest of his life to stop his body from rejecting the face. “This was the perfect patient to put into practice what we had discovered in the laboratory,” he said.
Rodriguez, at a press conference to explain the surgery, said: “It is a surreal experience to look at him. It’s hard not to stare. Before, people used to stare at Richard because he wore a mask … Now they have another reason to look at him, and it is really amazing.”
Answer the questions
1. How long did the face transplant operation take?
2. When did Norris have the gun accident?
3. How was Richard Norris injured?
4. When was the first face transplant?
5. When did Norris shop for groceries?
6. How many people had had a partial or full face transplant before Richard Norris?
7. How many medical staff were involved in the operation?
8. How many other potential patients were in the group from which Norris was chosen?
9. How many troops may be eligible for face transplants?
10. How long did the operation to transplant Norris’s new face take?
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Richard Norris’s face transplant was the first in the world.
2. No one had tried to reconstruct Norris’s face before.
3. The new face came from one donor.
4. People stared at Norris because he wore a mask.
5. Norris also had heart and liver transplants.
6. Norris isn’t yet able to see his face in the mirror.
Text № 29
Food shortages could force world into vegetarianism, warn scientists
John Vidal, environment editor 26 August, 2012
Water scientists have given one of the strongest warnings ever about global food supplies. They say that the world’s population may have to change almost completely to a vegetarian diet by 2050 to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Humans get about 20% of their protein from animal-based products now. However, this may need to decrease to just 5% to feed the extra two billion people expected to be alive by 2050, according to research by some of the world’s top water scientists.
“There will not be enough water to produce food for the expected nine-billion population in 2050 if we follow current trends and changes towards diets common in western nations,” the report by Malik Falkenmark and colleagues at the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) said.
“There will be just enough water if the proportion of animal-based foods is limited to 5% of total calories.”
Warnings that water scarcity could limit food production come at the same time as Oxfam and the UN prepare for a possible second global food crisis in five years. Prices for items such as corn and wheat have risen nearly 50% on international markets since June. The price increase has been caused by severe droughts in the US and Russia, and weak monsoon rains in Asia. More than 18 million people are already facing serious food shortages across the Sahel.
Oxfam says that the price increase will have a devastating effect in developing countries that rely heavily on food imports, including parts of Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East. Food shortages in 2008 led to fighting and riots in 28 countries.
Changing to a vegetarian diet is one way to increase the amount of water available to grow more food in a world where the climate is becoming increasingly erratic, the scientists said.
Animal protein-rich food uses five to ten times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world’s arable land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed people include stopping waste and increasing trade between countries that have a food surplus and countries that don’t have enough food.
“Nine hundred million people already go hungry and two billion people are malnourished although per-capita food production continues to increase,” they said. “Seventy per cent of all water is used in agriculture, and growing more food to feed an extra two billion people by 2050 will place greater pressure on water and land.”
The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference in Stockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN groups, non-governmental groups and researchers from 120 countries meet to discuss global water supply problems.
Competition for water between food production and other uses will increase pressure on essential resources, the scientists said. “The UN predicts that we must increase food production by 70% by mid-century. This will put additional pressure on our water resources, which are already stressed, at a time when we also need more water to satisfy global energy demand and to create electricity for the 1.3 billion people who are without it,” said the report.
Overeating, malnourishment and waste are all increasing. “We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future,” said the report’s editor, Anders Jägerskog.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The population of the world is expected to increase by two million by 2050.
2. If we don’t reduce the amount of meat we eat, there probably won’t be enough food to feed the world.
3. If we reduce the amount of protein we get from animal-based foods by %, we might be able to feed everyone in 2050.
4. Five to ten times more water is needed to produce meat than is needed to produce vegetables.
5. At the moment, 60% of the world’s water is used for food production.
6. The cost of food has increased as heavy monsoon rains have damaged the crops.
7. To reduce food shortages, we should also try not to waste food and water and to improve the trade in food between countries.
Answer these questions according to the article.
1. How will eating less meat save water?
2. What will happen if we don’t reduce our meat intake?
3. Why have food prices risen so dramatically recently?
4. What were the consequences of food shortages in some areas of the world in 2008?
5. How much of the world’s available water supply is used for food production?
6. Besides eating less meat, what other measures could we take to reduce the water deficit?
7. What other factors are increasing our demand for water?
Text № 30
Life expectancy data packed with surprises
Sarah Boseley, health editor 13 December, 2012
A girl born today in the UK can expect to live nearly to the age of 82 on average and her brother will live to 78. They would have a longer life in Andorra (85 and 79 respectively) but will live a little longer than in the US (81 and 76). If they lived in the Central African Republic, they would die in middle age (49 and 44). However, almost everywhere in the world, with the exception of countries such as Lesotho, which have experienced HIV and violence, life spans are lengthening. And the best news is that small children are much less likely to die than they were forty years ago. There has been a drop in deaths in under-fives of nearly 60%, from 16.4 million in 1970 to 6.8 million in 2010.
This last statistic provides justification for the enormous project that the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in Seattle has led over the past five years, involving nearly 500 researchers, to assess the global effects of disease. Knowing how many children die and from what cause allows the world to focus its efforts and resources on keeping them alive. There are many lessons to be learnt from the enormous database they have put together, which will help global organizations and individual governments to better care for us all.
The project was a big task and is not without controversy. IHME has been very radical in some of its methods. Where they did not have death registries or medical records, for instance, they have taken evidence from verbal autopsies – deciding the cause of death by an interview with the family. The most surprising result has been the malaria figure. IHME said 1.2 million die of the disease every year – twice as many as previously thought. The big increase is in adult deaths. It is commonly believed that malaria kills mostly children under five.
“The way I was taught as a doctor and everybody else is taught is that, in malarial areas, you become semi-immune as an adult,” said Dr Christopher Murray, IHME Director. “We originally went with that opinion but there has been a change as we have become more empirical, following the data. African doctors write on hospital records that adults are dying of malaria a lot.” But, he adds, their fever could be something else. The findings have led to further studies.
Although Margaret Chan, Director General of the World Health Organization, gave the IHME study a warm official welcome, some of the staff are cautious. “We need to be very careful in assessing the validity [of the figures],” said Colin Mathers, a senior scientist. “We need to wait to be persuaded by evidence.” His colleague Dr Tiers Boerma, Director of one WHO department, added: “People should understand that some of the numbers are very different and the WHO can’t go with any academic publication that states a different number.” However, said Mathers, “IHME has pushed the envelope with some of these analyses and that is stimulating”. One of the main themes, said Murray, was “incredibly rapid change in the main causes of death and the speed of that change is a lot faster than we expected it to be”.
Reduced fertility and longer life have led to a rise in the average age of the world’s population in a decade from 26 years old to almost 30. The change has been dramatic in Latin America, for instance, where countries like Brazil and Paraguay had life expectancy of below 30 in 1970 and almost 64 in 2010. That is a 35-year increase in the average age of death over four decades. “In a place like Brazil, the speed of change is so fast that most institutions are not able to deal with it,” Murray said.
A second factor is the move outside Africa from communicable diseases and the common causes of mother and baby deaths to what are sometimes termed “lifestyle” diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer – some of which have significant genetic triggers. That change has been particularly marked in Latin America, the Middle East and south-east and even south Asia, he said.
The third big finding was, Murray said, “a surprise to us”. There is a lot of disability and it has a big effect on people who are living longer but not healthier lives. “The main causes of disability are different from the ones that kill you,” he said. They were mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, and disorders, such as arthritis and lower back pain, anaemia, sight and hearing loss and skin disease. In addition, there was substance abuse. “The numbers for these are not going down over time,” he said. “We are making no progress in reducing these conditions.”
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Life expectancy is increasing in every country in the world.
2. The number of deaths among under-fives has fallen by nearly ten million.
3. Life expectancy in the US is longer than in the UK.
4. More people die from malaria than was previously thought.
5. In 1970, Brazil had life expectancy of below 30 years.
6. The average age of the world’s population has increased by almost four years in the past ten years.
7. Life expectancy is getting longer in every country in the world.
8. Fewer people die from “lifestyle” diseases than before.
9. The average age of the world’s population is 40.
10. Progress is being made in reducing disabilities.
Choose the best answer according to the text
1. Why are life spans not increasing in certain countries?
a. Because of poverty and malaria;
b. Because of HIV and violence;
c. Because of politics and communicable diseases;
2. What is the average life expectancy for women in Andorra?
a. 85
b. 95
c.75
3. Where are men expected to live longer?
a. In the UK
b. In Great Britain
c. In the US?
4. Why did the research team sometimes take evidence from verbal autopsies?
a. Because they are more reliable than official autopsies;
b. Because they had no death registries or medical records to refer to in those cases;
c. Because they wanted to keep up the efforts against HIV in Africa;
5. What is the average life expectancy for men in the Central African Republic?
a. 34
b. 44
c. 54
6. What was most surprising about the malaria figures?
a. Twice as many people die from it each year as previously thought.
b. Children under five no longer die from it.
c. Adults become semi-immune to malaria in malarial areas.
7. How many people die each year from malaria?
a. 4 thousand
b. 1.2 million
c. 1.6 million
8. What was life expectancy in Brazil in 1970?
a. Over 30
b. Below 40
c. Below 30
9. What is the connection between lifespan and disability?
a. People who live longer are less likely to suffer from disabilities.
b. People who suffer from disabilities usually die younger.
c. People are living longer and are therefore more likely to suffer from
disabilities.
10. What is life expectancy in Brazil now?
a. Almost 64
b. Almost 54
c. Above 30
Text № 31
Abominable Snowman is known in various localities by names such as Yeti, Bigfoot, Meh-Teh, and Sasquatch. This unsubstantiated creature is said to be seven to ten feet tall with feet twice the size of a human’s, and a noticeably disagreeable aroma. It has been reported in Tibet, Nepal, China, Siberia, Canada and the US Northwest.
In 1832, a report from the UK representative in Nepal described a hirsute creature that reportedly had attacked his servants. This appears to be the first report of the Snowman made by a Westerner. An impressive report was made by mountaineers who crossed a Himalayan glacier in 1951 and photographed giant footprints measuring thirteen inches by eighteen inches. However, tracks left in snow tend to enlarge when exposed to direct sun, and this may well explain many of the accounts of Snowman tracks, since smaller tracks of native animals tend to spread under warmth.
Other tracks found in Canada and the USA are the admitted results of hoaxers, even though the “experts” have sometimes validated the artifacts as genuine tracks of an unknown species. A short piece of film made in 1967 by Roger Patterson at Bluff Creek, California, appears to show a female Bigfoot casually walking away from the camera. The film has been hotly contested over the years, and is the best of all the evidence ever offered.
It is possible that Patterson himself was hoaxed; the figure he saw and filmed might have been a person in costume. In the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey and the 1989 film Gorillas in the Mist, most viewers were not aware that the apes shown were actors in costume. The Patterson figure is nowhere near as good as those representations, though we cannot expect that a genuine Bigfoot must move like an ape, and may very well move like a human dressed in an uncomfortable costume.
While the existence of such a creature is not at all impossible, two elements speak against it: first, there would need to be a very considerable number of them available to maintain the gene-pool and ensure survival of the species; it is difficult to imagine that the population of such a large animal could so successfully avoid detection. Second, the fact remains that to date, not one bit of material evidence (hair, skin, bones and droppings) of this creature has ever been produced, though a chimpanzee scalp was once offered and is still occasionally brought up by devotees of this fascinating legend.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Abominable Snowman is known in various localities by names such as Yeti, Bigfoot, Meh-The.
2. This unsubstantiated creature is said to be six to eleven feet tall.
3. In 1832 a report from the UK representative in Tibet described a hirsute creature that reportedly had attacked his servants.
4. A short piece of film made in 1967 by Roger Patterson at Bluff Creek, California, appears to show a female Bigfoot.
5. The figure he saw and filmed might have been a real Yeti.
6. In 1969 film “2002: A Space Odyssey” and the 1989 film “Gorillas in the mist” most viewers were not aware that the apes shown were actors in costume.
7. It is difficult to imagine that the population of such a large animal could so successfully avoid detection.
8. Not one bit of material evidence of these creatures has ever been produced.
9. An ape scalp was once offered and is still occasionally brought up by devotees of this fascinating legend.
Circle the correct item
1. Abominable Snowman is known in … locations.
a) various
b) different
c) many
2. Snowman … in Tibet, Nepal, China, Siberia, Canada and the US Northwest.
a) has been described
b) has been reported
c) has been informed
3. The UK representative in Nepal described a hirsute creature who reportedly attacked his …
a) servants
b) family
c) children
4. … report was made by mountaineers who crossed a Himalayan glacier in 1951.
a) A majestic
b) A breathtaking
c) An impressive
5. However, …left in snow tend to enlarge when exposed to direct sun.
a) paths
b) tracks
c) marks
6. A short piece of film appears to show … Bigfoot casually walkig away from the camera.
a) a male
b) a child
c) a female
7. The film has been hotly contested over the years and is the best of all the … ever offered.
a) evidence
b) information
c) facts
8. A genuine Bigfoot must move like …
a) an animal
b) an ape
c) a monkey
9. It is difficult to imagine that the population of such a large animal could so … avoid detection.
a) wonderfully
b) successfully
c) beautifully
10. Not one bit of material evidence of this creature has ever been…
a) produced
b) created
c) made
Text № 32
SCRIPT
From "Google's Artificial Intelligence Translates Poetry"
by NPR Staff, NPR, 2011
Researchers at Google are tackling what they call one of the most difficult challenges in artificial intelligence.
"It's what we call AI complete," says Dmitriy Genzel, a research scientist at Google. "Which means it's as difficult as anything we can attempt in artificial intelligence."
Programming a machine to simply understand language, after all, is a task IBM spent four years and millions of dollars to accomplish with its Watson computer, which competed on Jeopardy last week. Watson understands human speech. But for a computer to understand and translate poetry, there are added problems of length, meter and rhyme.
At a conference a few months ago, Genzel presented a paper outlining those problems and described the ways Google's computers work to solve them.
Most translation software works by searching through a wealth of possible translations, then evaluating what's most accurate.
"Whereas, if you translate poetry," Genzel says, "you have to preserve what you want the reader to feel."
Although some poets insist even human-to-human poetry translation is incapable of matching that 'feeling' Genzel's research does take some big steps toward preserving a poem's length, meter and rhyme.
Translating a haiku? Genzel can preprogram his computer to generate online lines of five, seven and five syllables.
A Shakespeare sonnet in iambic pentameter? "The computer can read a pronunciation dictionary," Genzel says, "like you would use to learn another language." Once it knows where the stress falls in a given word, it can correctly place that word in a metered sentence.
"The hardest thing to do is rhyme," Genzel says, "because it connects to different places in a sentence," and because two words that rhyme in English may not rhyme in another language.
In that case, the best Google can do is to cycle through a long list of optional matches to find a rhyme that's right.
That means, if you're translating Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven:
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and teary...
For every close option, the computer also cycles through a choice that's not even close:
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and orange.
"So it will pick 'orange' just as happily, and it will have to throw it away afterwards," Genzel says. Researchers have no way around the pick-and-choose process, so the translations are far from instant and no beta is public.
But there's a reason it's useful to improve translation software of any kind, Genzel says. "Most of the content on the Web is not in English anymore," he says. "So even for English speakers, there's a huge amount of stuff on the Web that you don't have access to."
Some browsers even offer real-time translation of foreign sites, which can open up new avenues of information.
"If you read a news article about some country, you bet if you open their news site — which may not be in English — and read that, you'll get a huge understanding that people don't really see things in the same way," Genzel says.
Translating perspective is more difficult in poetry. Vladimir Nabokov, Genzel points out, famously claimed it's impossible for even a human to preserve both the meaning and form of a translated poem.
"But there's quite a big aspect of [poetry translation] that machines can do pretty well," Genzel says. "It's not such a human endeavor as people might think."
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Dmitriy Genzel is a research scientist at Microsoft.
2. When talking about artificial intelligence, describing something as 'AI complete* means that it is an easy task for scientists.
3. IBM spent 14 years and millions of dollars developing Watson.
4. Watson is a computer that translates poetry well.
5. The game show Jeopardy hosted a computer on their show.
6. It is possible for computers to translate the text that uses iambic pentameter.
7. Current translation technology can accurately translate poems into any language.
8. Most of the Internet is now written in a language other than English.
9. Web browsers are unable to translate sites in real time.
10. Vladimir Nabokov once stated that it is impossible for even a human to preserve both the meaning and form of a translated poem.
Circle the correct item
1. The main idea of the text was about …
a) Watson the robot
b) learning how to write poetry
c) new technology for computers to translate poems
d) Dmitriy Genzel, a research scientist at Google
2. The following statements are all true about Watson BUT …
a) it is a computer
b) it understands English
c) it competed on Jeopardy
d) it was created by Apple
3. Scientists have created AI programs that understand human speech, but in order to translate poetry, according to the text, a computer must also understand …
a) meter, rhyme, length, and symbolism
b) subliminal messages
c) Shakespearean iambic pentameter
d) the circumstances of the author
4. ‘Incapable of’ means …
a) adept at
b) not able to
c) not talented at
d) very capable of
5. According to the text, one should try to preserve …
a) emotions
b) the sound of human speech
c) historical accuracy
d) contour
6. The hardest thing for the computer to do when translating poetry is …
a) to rhyme words
b) to translate a sonnet
c) to write in iambic pentameter
d) to write a haiku
7. According to Genzel, it is useful to improve translation software because …
a) we can create smarter robots
b) it allows artificial intelligence to compete on Jeopardy
c) most of the Internet is no longer in English and needs translation
d) humans are too lazy to translate with dictionaries
8. According to the text, many web browsers can now…
a) allow you to 'surf the Internet undetected
b) give you tutorials in how to write poetry
c) put web pages in your language
d) teach you foreign languages
9. The text referred to every author EXCEPT…
a) Vladimir Nabokov
b) William Shakespeare
c) Dmitriy Genzel
d) Edgar Allan Poe
10. A more creative name for this text would be…
a) ROBO-POETRY: Poetry Translation and Google
b) Shakespeare's Digital Sonnets
c) Watson's Big Day
d) Genzel: the Man behind the Poetry
Text № 33
Why fathers want to look after the baby (yes, really)
One of the most extensive surveys of fathers has now shown that, far from the stereotype, most men would like to share childcare duties with their partners or wives.
The survey made by the Equal Opportunities Commission shows a modern type of father: the New Dad. He takes part in day-to-day childcare and does not mind helping with the vacuuming and washing-up - if only when his partner asks him to. The EOC interviewed sixty-four fathers and their partners about their home and work life. Most fathers agreed that it was important to 'be there' for their children for key events such as school sports day, their first appearance in the school play and for at least one meal a day. Many agreed that parenting classes would be a good way to give them more confidence around the home.
Based on the survey results, four types of fathers were defined, from the traditional type of dad to the perfect New Dad, who is as much involved in taking care of the children as the mother. The survey found that the majority of men were somewhere between these two types.
In the first category comes Enforcer Dad, the old-fashioned disciplinarian who does not see himself as involved in the day-to-day care of his children. He sees his responsibilities as setting clear limits for them and being a role model. Most fathers do not see this as their only role.
The two biggest categories are Entertainer Dad and Useful Dad. Entertainer Dad is at his best keeping his children laughing while his partner gets on with household chores and arranging the children's school and extra activities. Useful Dad is willing to help out around the house, even though he expects the mother to be the 'team leader' in all domestic things.
Finally, and probably every woman's dream, is Fully Involved Dad. He is equally engaged in running the home and the family, and sees the role of the father and the mother as practically identical. Fully Involved Dads adjust their work arrangements to their partners' professional duties. 'I do have definite childcare commitments,' said one father in this category. 'There are certain times or occasions where it is non-negotiable and I just leave the office on time.'
Julie Melior, chairwoman of the EOC, said that fathers were still not given enough flexibility at work and mothers would feel fully supported only if employers treated (and paid) both sexes equally. 'Mums and dads should be able to choose how they want to share the responsibilities of bringing up children and working outside the home: she said. 'But until we have equal pay, decent childcare and more opportunities to work flexible hours, many fathers will continue to find it hard to be there for their children and many women will continue to be disadvantaged at work. This is not necessarily the best solution for parents, children or employers. Equality at work or home depends on both mums' and dads' family responsibilities being acknowledged: Melior said.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. As a stereotype, most men would like to share childcare duties with their partners or wives.
2. The New Dad does not mind helping with the vacuuming and washing-up when his partner asks him to.
3. Parenting classes can give dads more confidence around the home.
4. As to the survey results, we can define two types of fathers.
5. Enforcer Dad can sometimes help his wife with the day-to-day childcare.
6. Both Entertainer Dad and Useful Dads feel comfortable when his partner gets on with household chores.
7. Not every woman dreams about Fully Involved Dad.
8. Fathers and mothers have equal pay.
9. Decent childcare presupposes flexible working hours.
10. It’s not necessary to set clearly family responsibilities of both partners.
Circle the correct item
1.Most men would like to share childcare duties with …
a) their partners
b) wives
c) parents
d) partners or wives.
2.Why would many fathers like to go to parenting classes?
a) To learn how to do day-to-day childcare.
b) Because they want to attend important school events.
c) Because they think it's important to be involved in the day-to-day care of children.
d) So they can be more confident in dealing with domestic issues.
3.How do Enforcer Dads view their role in childcare?
a) They don't see childcare as their responsibility.
b) They teach their children discipline by setting an example for them.
c) They keep children amused while their partner gets on with housework.
d) It's important for them to be involved in the day-to-day care of their children.
4. How do Fully Involved Dads find time to share childcare responsibilities with
their partners?
a) They run the home and the family, so their partners can focus on their professional duties.
b) They fit their work commitments to their partner's arrangements.
c) They often leave the office early.
d) They think it's their partner' s responsibility to negotiate flexibility at their workplace.
5. Entertainer Dad is at his best …
a) keeping his children laughing
b) allowing his partner to get on with household chores
c) arranging the children's school and extra activities
d) all the above mentioned.
6.Useful Dad is willing…
a) to help out around the house
b) to allow mother to be the 'team leader' in all things domestic and only help her.
c) to help children with home assignment
d) to do all the housework and be the 'team leader' in all things domestic.
7. What does Julie Mellor think employers should do?
a) Employers should provide both parents with equal pay and flexible working hours.
b) They should allow parent s to work from home so they can look after their children.
c)They should give women more support so they can take on more of the childcare responsibilities at home.
d)They should pay women more because they are often disadvantaged in the workplace.
8. All of the following words are synonymous with ‘chairwoman’ EXCEPT…
a) leader
b) manager
c) moderator
d) presiding officer
9. Which of the following words is an antonym to ‘disciplinarian’?
a) martinet
b) tyrant
c) despot
d) indulging boss.
10. The main idea of the text is …
a) Fathers are ready to participate in taking care of children, and this is surprising.
b) Fathers should be encouraged to participate in childcare more actively.
c) Working women want their partners to take over some childcare responsibilities.
d) Fathers are changing for better.
Text № 34
Adaptation is the ability of animals, including human beings, and plants to adjust to their environment. Living things adjust to changes in their environment in various ways. Changes in the environment may involve other living organisms or non-living things, such as the weather, that are a part of surroundings.
Some forms of life adapt more easily than others. For example, people can adjust to many different environments. They live in all kinds of climates, ranging from the tropics to the Arctic. Human beings are generalized. That is, the human body allows people to adapt more easily to different environments. But such living beings as mosquitoes and bamboo plants are more specialized. Because of their physical makeup, they can live only in a rather warm, wet climate.
Most living things die when they cannot adjust to their environment. Many kinds of plants and animals that once lived on the earth have become extinct. For example, giant reptiles called dinosaurs roamed the earth millions of years ago. But then, the swamps they lived in dried up, and the climate and food changed. The dinosaurs failed to adjust to these changes and died out. But certain dinosaurs are the ancestors of reptiles.
Living beings may adapt to changes in environment in two ways. A population (group of the same kind of organism) may adapt through evolution over many generations. It usually occurs gradually over long periods of time – thousands or millions of years. Or an organism may adapt within its own lifetime by adjusting its behavior or body chemistry in some way. Changes in behaviour are caused by such external conditions as weather, soil and the food supply.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Adaptation is the ability of plants to adjust to their environment.
2. Some forms of life adapt more easily than others.
3. People live in all kinds of climates, ranging from the sub-tropics to Africa.
4. The human body allows people to adapt more easily to different environments.
5. Such living beings as butterflies and palms are more specialized.
6. Most living things die when they cannot adjust to their environment.
7. Giant reptiles called snakes roamed the earth millions of years ago.
8. The swamps the dinosaurs lived in dried up and the climate and the food changed.
9. Living beings may adapt to changes in environment in three ways.
10.Changes in behaviour are caused by such external conditions as weather, soil and food supply.
Circle the correct item
1.Adaptation is the ability of animals, including human beings and plants…
a) to change their way of life
b) to adjust to their environment
c) to move to another place of inhabitant
2. Changes in the environment may involve…
a) situation
b) climate
c) weather
3.Some forms of life …
a) adopt
b) create
c) hold-up
4.People can adjust to many different…
a) countries
b) sounds
c) environments
5.Human beings are…
a) selective
b) generalized
c) simple
6.Most living things cannot adjust to their environment and…
a) live
b) change
c) die
7.Dinosaurs are the ancestors of…
a) mammals
b) reptiles
c) birds
8.Living beings may adapt to changes in environment in…
a) three ways
b) five ways
c) two ways
9.An organism may adapt within its own…
a) lifetime
b) life history
c) life-line
10.Changes in behaviour are caused by …
a) internal conditions
b) inner conditions
c) external conditions
Text № 35
Advertising is a message designed to promote a product, a service, or an idea. In everyday life, people come into contact with many kinds of advertising. Printed advertisements make up a large part of newspapers and magazines. Poster ads appear in many buses, subways, and trains. Neon signs along downtown streets flash advertisements. Billboards dot the roadsides. Commercials interrupt television and radio programs.
The purpose of most advertising is to sell products or services. Manufacturers advertise to try to persuade people to buy their products. Large business firms also use advertising to create a favorable “image” of their company. They want the company name to be known and respected for the products the firm makes or the services it provides. Local businesses use advertising to gain new customers and increase sales. Advertising thus plays a major role in the competition among the businesses for the consumer’s dollar. It is the cheapest and fastest way to inform large number of people about products or services for sale and to persuade them to buy. In many businesses, the volume of sales depends largely on the amount of advertising done.
Advertising is also used by individuals, political parties and candidates, social organizations, special-interest groups, and the government. Many people advertise in newspapers to sell used cars, homes, or other property. Political parties and candidates use advertising o try to win votes. Social organizations and special-interest groups often advertise to promote a cause or to influence the way people think or act.
Advertising is common in almost all countries. In many countries, however, the use of advertising is more restricted than it is in the United States. In most countries of Western Europe, for example, the governments limit the amount of advertising on television. The governments also make greater use of advertising for social, political and educational purposes. In Great Britain, for example, the government is the nation’s largest single advertiser.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. In everyday life, people come into contact with many kinds of advertising.
2. Printed advertisements make up a large part of books.
3. Billboard ads appear in many buses, subways and trains.
4. The purpose of most advertising is to buy products or services.
5. Manufacturers advertise to try to persuade people to buy their products.
6. Local businesses use advertising to gain new customers and increase sales.
7. Advertising plays a major role in the competition among the businesses for the consumer´s money.
8. In many businesses the volume of sales depends largely on quality of advertising.
9. Advertising is common in almost all countries.
10.In the USA the government is the nation´s largest single advertiser.
Circle the correct item
1. Advertising is…
a) a letter
b) a message
c) an E-mail
2. Printed advertisements make up a large part of…
a) newspapers and magazines
b) leaflets and magazines
c) newspapers and leaflets
3. Billboards dot…
a) road-blocks
b) road-ways
c) roadsides
4. The purpose of most advertising is…
a) to produce
b) to sell
c) to buy
5. Large business firms use advertising to create…
a) a favourable “image” of the company
b) an idea
c) a description
6. Advertising is used to gain new customers and increase sales by…
a) local businesses
b) particular businesses
c) general businesses
7. Many people advertise …
a) on TV
b) through the Internet
c) in newspapers
8. Political parties use advertising…
a) to promote themselves
b) to win votes
c) to get a victory
9. The governments limit the amount of advertising on television…
a) in Africa
b) in Asia
c) in Western Europe
10. The government is the nation´s largest single advertiser…
a) in the USA
b) in Japan
c) in Great Britain
Text № 36
Aesthetics is the subject that tries to understand the arts in a broad and fundamental way. Many persons study one of the arts, such as painting, music, or poetry. Aesthetics studies all the arts, from all countries and from all periods of history. It tries to organize out knowledge of them systematically.
Aesthetics studies how artists imagine, create, and perform works of art; how people use, enjoy, and criticize art; and what happens in their minds when they look at paintings, listen to music, or read poetry, and understand what they see or hear. It also studies how they feel about art – why they like some works and not others, and how art can affect their moods, beliefs and attitudes toward life. One of the effects of art is the feeling that some things are beautiful and others are ugly. For many years, scholars regarded the stud of beauty as the whole or main problem of aesthetics. Now the subject has broadened to include many other aspects of art in relation to the life around it. One main task is to collect, organize, and interpret accurate information about the arts and aesthetic experience. Another is to help people judge the aims and values of art more intelligently.
Aesthetics is usually regarded as a branch of philosophy, along with logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It is the youngest branch to be given its own name, which was first used in 1700s. But philosophers from Plato to the present have discussed the philosophy of art. They sometimes established hard and fast rules about what artists should create and what people should like. However, many of these rules have been abandoned. Since the late 1800s, writers have been developing aesthetics into more independent field of study.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Aesthetics is the study of what is right and wrong in human behavior.
2. Aesthetics studies all the arts, from all the countries and from all the periods of history.
3. Aesthetics studies how scientists imagine, create and perform their discoveries.
4. Aesthetics also studies how artists feel about art.
5. One of the effects of art is the feeling that some things are beautiful and others are ugly.
6. One main task is to collect, organize and interpret accurate information about the life of people.
7. Aesthetics is usually regarded as a branch of psychology.
8. The youngest branch to be given its own name which was first used in 1700´s was epistemology.
9. Philosophers from Hegel to the present have discussed the philosophy of art.
10. Since the late 1800s writers have been developing aesthetics into more independent field of study.
Circle the correct item
1) Aesthetics is the subject that tries to understand…
a) moral rules or principles or behavior
b) the mental processes
c) the arts in a broad and fundamental way
2) Many persons study one of the arts…
a) painting , music, poetry
b) literature, music, poetry
c) painting, music, sculpture
3) Aesthetics tries to organize knowledge…
a) carefully
b) thoroughly
c) systematically
4) Aesthetics studies how artists…
a) create, imagine and perform works of art
b) arrange, imagine, create
c) perform, find and imagine
5) One of the effects of art is…
a) the feeling
b) the creation
c) the image
6) The whole or main problem of aesthetics is to study…
a) beauty
b) wonder
c) perfection
7) One main task of aesthetics is…
a) to study, collect and organize
b) to collect, organize and interpret
c) to organize, workout and collect
8) Aesthetics is usually regarded as a branch of…
a) Psychology
b) Philosophy
c) Medicine
9) The name of aesthetics was first used in…
a) 1800s
b) 1600s
c) 1700s
10) Many of the rules have been…
a) banished
b) restricted
c) abandoned
Text № 37
Alaska is the largest state in the United Sates. It is almost a fifth as large as all the rest of the United States, and more than twice the size of Texas, the second largest state. But Alaska has fewer people than any other state. Juneau is Alaska’s capital. However, Alaskans have begun steps to move the capital from Juneau to Willow, near Anchorage. Juneau covers 3,108 square miles (8,050 square kilometers) and ranks as the nation’s largest city in area. Anchorage is the most heavily populated city in Alaska.
When Alaska entered the Union in 1959, it was the first new state in 47 years. About 500 miles (800 kilometers) of Canadian territory separate Alaska from Washington. Alaskans often refer to the rest of the continental United States as the “lover 48”. The Alaskan mainland’s most western point is only 51 miles (82 kilometers) from Russia. Alaska Little Diomede Island, in the Bering Strait, is about 2,5 miles (4 kilometers) from Russia’s Big Diomede Island. No other part of North America is closer to Asia.
Almost a third of Alaska is north of the Arctic Circle. The climate and soil as far north as the Arctic Circle permit farmers to raise livestock and grow barley, potatoes, and other crops. The summer sun shines about 20 hours a day, and crops grow rapidly.
Secretary of State William H. Seward bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000– only about 2 cents per acre. Many Americans thought the region was the waste of ice and snow. But Alaska proved to be rich in fish, minerals, timber, and potential water power. The potential of resources taken from the region has paid back the purchase price hundreds of times. Huge oil reserves at Prudhoe Bay along the Arctic coast rank as Alaska’s chief source of wealth.
Alaska is famous for tall mountains and beautiful scenery. Mount McKinley is the highest peak in the United States. Alaska also has the 13 next highest peaks and almost all the active volcanoes in the United States.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Hawaii is the largest state in the United States.
2. Alaska has more people than any other state.
3. Juneau is Alaska's capital.
4. Juneau ranks as the nation's smallest city in the area.
5. When Alaska entered the Union in 1959 it was the first new state in 47 years.
6. About 700 kilometers of Canadian territory separate Alaska from Washington.
7. Alaska is closer to Asia than other states.
8. Almost a half of Alaska is north of the Arctic Circle.
9. The summer sun shines about 18 hours a day and crops grow rapidly.
10. Alaska is famous for tall mountains and beautiful scenery.
Circle the correct item
1) The largest state in the United States is…
a) Texas
b) Alaska
c) Hawaii
2) Alaska is almost … as large as all the rest of the United States.
a) a fourth
b) a sixth
c) a fifth
3) Alaska has … people than any other state.
a) fewer
b) larger
c) an equal amount of
4) Alaska´s capital is …
a) New York
b) Juneau
c) Boston
5) When Alaska entered the Union in 1959 it was the first new state in …
a) 46 years
b) 48 years
c) 47 years
6) Alaskans often refer to the rest of the continental United States as the …
a) “lover 48”
b) “lover 52”
c) “lover 38”
7) No other part of North America is closer to …
a) Australia
b) Asia
c) Europe
8) Almost a third of Alaska is … of the Arctic Circle.
a) east
b) north
c) west
9) Alaska is famous for…
a) high hills and picturesque valleys
b) deep lakes and fast rivers
c) tall mountains and beautiful scenery
10) Alaska has the 13 next highest peaks and almost all the … in the United States:
a) active volcanoes
b) National parks
c) vast valleys
Text № 38
Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history. He conquered much of what was then the civilized world. Alexander brought Greek ideas and the Greek way of doing things to all the countries he conquered. This great general and king made possible the broadly developed culture of the Hellenistic age.
When Alexander was 13 years old he became the pupil of Aristotle. He was always eager to learn. Aristotle inspired the talented youth with a great love for literature. The boy came to know and like Greek ways of living, and was impressed by the ideals of Greek civilization. He took part in sports and daily exercise to develop a strong body. Aristotle also inspired in Alexander a keen interest in other countries and races of men, and in animals and plants. Alexander’s education was not all from books. He talked with ambassadors from many foreign countries and with other noted men at his father’s court. When he was only 18, he commanded a part of Philip’s cavalry at the battle of Chaeronea. Alexander also acted as his father’s ambassador to Athens.
Alexander was 20 when he became a king of Macedonia. The Greek states had grown restless under Macedonian rule. While Alexander was away making a war on some barbarian tribes in the north, someone spread a story that he was dead. The people in the city of Thebes revolted and called upon the people of Athens to join them. Soon afterward, Alexander appeared before Thebes with his army. His soldiers stormed the city. Every building in Thebes was destroyed, except the temples and the house of the poet Pindar. About 30,000 inhabitants were sold into slavery. Alexander’s action broke the spirit of rebellion in the Greek states. He united the Greek cities in the League of Corinth, and became its president.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history.
2. Alexander brought Roman ideas and Roman way of doing things to all the countries he conquered.
3. When Alexander was 15 years old he became the pupil of Aristotle.
4. Alexander was always eager to learn.
5. Aristotle inspired the talented youth with the great love for languages.
6. When Alexander was only 18 he commanded part of Philip's cavalry at the battle of Chaeronea.
7. Alexander was 20 when he became king of Greece.
8. The people in the city of Thebes revolted and called upon the people of Athens to join them.
9. Alexander appeared before Chaeronea with his army.
10. Alexander's action broke the spirit of rebellion in the Greek States.
Circle the correct item
1) Alexander the Great was king of …
a) Rome
b) Macedonia
c) Greece
2) Alexander brought Greek … and the Greek way of doing things to all the countries he conquered.
a) plans
b) suggestions
c) ideas
3) When Alexander was 13 years old he became the pupil of …
a) Plato
b) Hegel
c) Aristotle
4) He was always eager to…
a) learn
b) study
c) enrich his knowledge
5) Aristotle inspired the talented youth with great love for…
a) Poetry
b) Literature
c) Drama
6) He took part in … to develop a strong body.
a) different kinds of physical activities
b) various kinds of competitions
c) sports and daily exercise
7) Alexander also acted as his father´s … to Athens.
a) ambassador
b) important official
c) minister of foreign affairs
8) Alexander was … when he became king of Macedonia
a) 18
b) 32
c) 20
9) The Greek states had grown restless under … rule.
a) Roman
b) Macedonian
c) German
10) He united the Greek cities in the League of Corinth and became its…
a) king
b) emperor
c) president
Text № 39
Chimps and orangutans may experience midlife crises.
Chimps and orangutans may experience midlife crises, say scientists
Study suggests the well-being of captive apes declines in middle age then picks up as they approach old age
Ian Sample, science correspondent 19 November, 2012
There comes a time in some men’s lives when the days seem darker, death more certain, and the only sensible response is to blow the life savings on a sports car.
Radical and often ill-advised changes in lifestyle are typical for the midlife crisis but, if it is more than a myth, then humans may not be the only animals to experience it.
Now an international team of scientists claims it has found evidence for a slump in well-being among middle-aged chimpanzees and orangutans. The lull in happiness in the middle years, they say, is the ape equivalent of the midlife crisis.
The findings of the study, which was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest that the midlife crisis may have its roots in the biology humans share with our closest evolutionary cousins.
“There’s a common understanding that there’s a dip in well-being in middle age,” Alex Weiss, a psychologist at Edinburgh University, told the Guardian.
He said that they took a step back and asked whether it’s possible that the midlife crisis is not just something human.
The team from the US, Japan, Germany and the UK asked zookeepers and others who worked with male and female apes of various ages to complete questionnaires on the animals.
The forms included questions about each ape’s mood, the enjoyment they got from socializing, and their success at achieving certain goals. The final question asked how zookeepers would feel about being the ape for a week. They scored their answers from one to seven.
More than 500 apes were included in the study in three separate groups. The first two groups were chimpanzees, with the third made up of orangutans from Sumatra or Borneo. The animals came from zoos, sanctuaries and research centres in the US, Australia, Japan, Canada and Singapore.
When the researchers analyzed the questionnaires, they found that well-being in the apes fell in middle age and climbed again as the animals moved into old age. In captivity, great apes often live to 50 or more. The animals’ well-being was at its lowest, on average, at 28.3 and 27.2 years old for the chimpanzees, and 35.4 years old for the orangutans.
“In all three groups we find evidence that well-being is lowest in chimpanzees and orangutans at an age that corresponds more or less to midlife in humans,” Weiss said. “On average, well-being scores are lowest when animals are around 30 years old.”
Robin Dunbar, Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at Oxford University, was skeptical about the findings. “What can produce a sense of well-being that varies across their lifetimes like this? It’s hard to see anything in an ape’s life that would have that sort of pattern. They’re not particularly good at seeing far ahead into the future; that’s one of the big differences between them and us.”
Alexandra Freund, Professor of Psychology at the University of Zurich, was also skeptical. She said, “In my opinion, there is no evidence for the midlife crisis.”
But Weiss believes the findings could point to a deeper understanding of the emotional crisis some men may experience. “If we want to find the answer to the question of what’s going on with the midlife crisis, we should look at what is similar in middle-aged humans, chimps and orangutans,” he said.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Humans are the only species who experience midlife crisis.
2. An international team of scientists declares it has found evidence for a slump in well-being among middle-aged chimpanzees and orangutans
3. The study aimed to find out whether apes also suffer from a midlife crisis.
4. It was carried out in Scotland.
5. The study’s authors interviewed zookeepers and others about the apes’ behaviour.
6. The study showed that apes, like humans, reach a crisis when they are middle aged.
7. The target study group consisted of gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans.
8. The authors of the study chose great apes as they share most of our DNA.
9. Two professors of psychology in Switzerland and in the UK are very excited about the results of the study.
10. The study’s authors hope that the findings will help us understand what happens to us when we reach middle age.
Answer the following questions using the information from the article.
1. Why did the study’s authors choose to look at great apes?
2. Why was the study carried out?
3. How and where was it carried out?
4. What were the findings of the study?
5. Why do two experts not really believe the study’s findings?
6. What do the study’s authors hope the findings will achieve?
Text № 40
Naples chefs take sides in the ‘ultra pizza’ wars
Naples chefs take sides in the ‘ultra pizza’ wars
In Naples, the birthplace of the margherita, there is much discussion over the addition of stilton cheese, port and even liquorice
Tom Kington 20 May, 2012
Enzo Coccia seems evangelical while he discusses his spring pizza –with lots of asparagus, buffalo mozzarella, sheep’s cheese, lard and beans. “They may say I am a heretic, but I just want to experiment,” says the controversial maker of what people call gourmet or “ultra pizzas”.
The fashion for ultra pizzas has spread throughout Italy. But as Coccia is constantly reminded, this is Naples, the home of the tomato and mozzarella margherita. Since opening in 2010, Coccia’s restaurant, La Notizia, has led an army of angry traditionalists to express their contempt for Coccia’s strange combination of salt cod and mozzarella, his use of figs and pesto and his €25 truffle oil pizza. His innovative approach has divided a city.
“There is no such thing as gourmet pizza. We are not OK with this,” said Sergio Miccu, head of the Neapolitan Association of Pizza Makers, which has got EU certification for the margherita and another Neapolitan standard, the tomato, garlic and oregano marinara.
“Pizza was born as a food for the poor and any complicated pizza loses its identity,” he added. To prove his point, Miccu listed the elements that make the perfect – and now Brussels-patented – margherita: a 33cm diameter, 2–3cm high crust, San Marzano tomatoes, cow’s milk mozzarella from the region of Campania and olive oil, all cooked in a wood oven after the dough has risen for nine hours.
But a growing number of pizza makers, from all around Italy, are pushing beyond that. They are following the example of a Rome restaurant, La Gatta Mangiona, which has experimented with duck and asparagus, and steamed chestnut and mushroom pizzas.
In a country that normally uses simple ingredients and traditional recipes, pizza makers are now attempting stilton and port pizzas, as well as shrimp, saffron and liquorice pizzas.
What makes Coccia different is that he has dared to open for business in the town where pizza was first made popular. It was in Naples, in 1889, that a pizza maker named his new mozzarella, tomato and basil pizza – which give the white, red and green of the Italian flag – after Margherita of Savoy.
Naples’s pizzas got a further boost from the 1954 Italian comedy, The Gold of Naples, with Sofia Loren. Five decades on, Starita, the local restaurant which prepared her for the role, is still popular.
“I am completely against these gourmet pizzas – a pizza restaurant must be quick and cheap and make at least 400 pizzas a night,” said Antonio Starita, 70, whose grandfather opened the restaurant in 1901.
“I have seen cream being used, and it doesn’t get worse than that,” he added, while making pizza dough.
At Di Matteo on Via Dei Tribunali in the heart of Naples, where 600 pizzas are served a day and a margherita costs €3, the owner, Salvatore di Matteo, rejected the fashion for ultra-pizzas. “For me,” he said, “gourmet means talking about what you eat.”
A third of Di Matteo’s business is folded and fried pizzas – typically stuffed with ricotta, provola cheese and cicoli, a local type of pancetta. For Neapolitans, he said, it is even more of a tradition than the margherita. “Fried pizza was bigger than oven-baked pizza in Naples until the 1950s. It needs good oil and a pizza maker who can tell the oil’s temperature just by looking at it – it’s such a hard technique that it hasn’t become popular outside Naples,” he said.
For food expert Davide Paolini, the new gourmet pizzas “can be great, but it’s no longer pizza”. He did, however, praise the work of the new pizza chefs in perfecting the dough base. “Gourmet pizza makers are doing serious research on flours and methods of raising the dough, particularly Enzo Coccia,” he said.
While his ingredients may be raising eyebrows in Naples, Coccia’s light, perfectly baked pizza bases are winning praise from his peers. After a long night’s baking, he still has the energy to describe the perfect mix of humidity, volume and temperature for raising dough. “This hasn’t changed much since the Greeks, but we are always looking to improve things,” he said.
At a second restaurant on the same street his menu is strictly traditional. As for the ingredients in his gourmet business, some may be unusual but all are local.
“I did a fried pizza with mussels and pancetta based on my grandmother’s skewers of mussels and pancetta, dipped in egg and breadcrumbs then fried,” he said. “If I am innovating, it is only because I know the traditions.”
Mark these statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Naples’s most famous pizza is named after Sophia Loren.
2. Sophia Loren learnt how to make pizzas at Starita’s in the 1950s.
3. An ultra pizza is one that is especially large.
4. Enzo Coccia makes especially good pizza bases.
5. Enzo Coccia only uses traditional toppings on his gourmet pizzas, based on his grandmother’s recipes.
6. Antonio Starita is the owner of a new gourmet pizza restaurant in Naples.
7. Folded and fried pizzas are a speciality of Naples.
8. The colours of the toppings on the margherita pizza symbolize the flag of Naples.
9. The fashion for ultra pizzas has divided the city.
10. Cream is not used for making pizza dough.
Text № 41
The wild animals from Africa attract big-game hunters from many parts of the world. Hunting expeditions, called safaris, go after Africa’s lions, leopards and such grass-eating animals as the rhinoceros. Hunting and expending settlement have greatly reduced the size of the game herds. To protect the animals, many wild animal preserves have been established in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
Herds of antelopes, giraffes, and zebras live in Africa’s grasslands. Animals that prey on them include hyenas, jackals, leopards, and lions. Elephants once roamed across much of the continent, but thousands have been killed for their ivory tusks. Today, large elephant herds are common only in eastern and south-eastern Africa. Chimpanzees, gorillas, and monkeys live in the rain forests. Tropical rivers and swamps are the homes of crocodiles and hippopotamuses.
Birds and reptiles are plentiful almost everywhere in Africa except in the deserts. Such large water birds as flamingos, pelicans, and storks live in eastern Africa. Ostriches live in southern and eastern Africa and in the western Sahara. Such disease-carrying insects as the mosquito and the tsetse fly live in the African tropics. The mosquito carries malaria germs, and the tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness germs.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The wild animals from Asia attract big-game hunters from many parts of the world.
2. Scientific expeditions, called safaris, explore Africa.
3. Hunting and expending settlements have greatly reduced the size of the lions prides.
4. To protect the animals, many wild animal preserves have been established.
5. Herds of antelopes, giraffes and zebras live in Africa´s grasslands.
6. Hippos once roamed across much of the continent but thousands have been killed for their ivory tusks.
7. Today, large elephant herds are common only in eastern Africa.
8. Chimpanzees, gorillas and monkeys live in the rain forests.
9. Birds and reptiles are plentiful in the deserts.
10. The mosquito carries malaria germs.
Circle the correct item
1. The wild animals from Africa attract big game hunters from many parts of …
a) the Earth
b) the planet
c) the world
1. Safari is called …
a) a hunting trip
b) a hunting expedition
c) a hunting travelling
2. Hunting and expending settlement have greatly reduced the size of the game…
a) flocks
b) herds
c) packs
3. Animal that prey on grass-eating animals include…
a) hyenas, jackals, leopards and lions
b) lions, leopards, wolves, foxes
c) lions, leopards, tigers and jackals
4. Elephants have been killed for their…
a) skin
b) bones
c) ivory tusks
5. Today, large elephant herds are common only in…
a) Northern and western Africa
b) Eastern and south-eastern Africa
c) Southern and eastern Africa
6. In the rainforests live…
a) chimpanzees, gorillas and monkeys
b) chimpanzees, lions and gorillas
c) monkeys, cheetahs chimpanzees
7. Tropical rivers and swamps are the homes of …
a) crocodiles and fish
b) hippopotamuses and turtles
c) crocodiles and hippopotamuses
8. Birds and reptiles are plentiful almost everywhere in Africa except in…
a) the rainforests
b) the deserts
c) the swamps
9. The mosquito carries…
a) flu germs
b) tuberculosis germs
c) malaria germs
Text № 42
Food is by far the most important farm product. But farms also provide many other kinds of products, from natural fibers to ornamental flowers and trees. Some far products are used only to feed livestock. These forage crops include alfalfa, clover, and many grasses, such as bluestem, grama, and timothy. Forage crops are extremely important because they make commercial livestock production possible.
Farmers produce almost all the world’s food, including some fish and game. Most food products come from crops. The rest come from animals, especially cattle, hogs, and other livestock.
The world’s farmers grow about 85 major food crops. They can be divided into eight groups. The main group is cereal grains. Grain is grown on half the world’s cropland and supplies much of the nourishment in the human diet. The chief grains are barley, corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, and wheat. Various root crops make up the second most important group of food crops. Like cereal grain, root crops are grown throughout the world and are a basic food for many people. The leading root crops are potatoes, sweet potatoes, and a tropical plant called cassava.
The six remaining groups of major crops are: (1) pulses, which consist mainly of dry beans and dry peas; (2) fruits and vegetables other than root crops and pulses; (3) oil-bearing crops, such as soybeans and coconuts; (4) sugar-bearing crops, especially sugar cane and sugar beets; (5) nuts; (6) cocoa beans, coffee, and tea. Some oil crops, especially soybeans, are used to make flour and meal as well as oil.
Cattle, chickens, goats, hogs, sheep and other livestock are the main animals raised for food. Livestock are raised in every country and supply nearly all the world’s meat, eggs, and milk. Farmers also raise a few kinds of animals other than livestock for food. For example, many farmers keep bees for honey. Farmers on fish farms raise freshwater food fish, such as catfish and trout, and saltwater shellfish, such as mussels and oysters.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Food is by far the most important farm product.
2. Farms do not provide natural fibers, ornamental flowers and trees.
3. Forage crops are extremely important.
4. Plants and factories produce almost all the world´s food.
5. The world´s farmers grow about 95 major food crops.
6. The main group of food crops is cereal grains.
7. Various root crops make up the third most important group of food crops.
8. Some oil crops are used to make flour, meal and oil.
9. Livestock are raised only in warm countries.
10. Many farmers keep bees for honey.
Circle the correct item
1. The most important farm product is…
a) milk
b) food
c) meat
1. Some farm products are used only…
a) to feed livestock
b) to produce food
c) to make different things
2. Farmers produce almost all the world´s food, including…
a) milk and cheese
b) some fish and game
c) fruit and vegetables
3. The world´s farmers grow about…
a) 85 major food crops
b) 95 major food crops
c) 75 major food crops
4. The main group is…
a) berries
b) cereal grains
c) beef
5. Root crops are grown…
a) throughout the world
b) in Europe
c) in Asia
6. Some oil crops are used to make flour…
a) sunflowers
b) olives
c) soybeans
7. The main animals raised for food are…
a) cattle, chicken and monkeys
b) sheep and horses
c) cattle, chickens, goats, sheep
8. Many farmers keep bees for…
a) sweets
b) honey
c) flowers
9. Farmers on fish farms raise…
a) mussels and oysters
b) crabs and dolphins
c) whales and sharks
Text № 43
Air surrounds the Earth just above the land and sea. It is often called the atmosphere. Air seems like nothing, but it is really several gases mixed together. Without air, there could be no living plants or animals on the earth. You are breathing air this very minute. You must breathe air to live. People have stayed alive more than a month without food, and more than a week without water. But a person can live only a few minutes without air.
Air has no colour, no smell, and no taste. Yet air is just as real as water or land. You do not usually see air, because it is transparent. The light rays pass straight through air. However, objects appear to be wavy if we look at them through a patch of warm air surrounded by cold air. For example, warm air rising above a hot radiator makes things behind it seem wavy. In this manner, you actually seem to see air.
You can feel air against your face when the wind blows. You can also see waves, clouds, and tree branches move as air pushes against them. Air can blow large sailboats across the widest oceans. It can turn windmills and pump water. Most sounds come to us through the air. If there were no air, the world would be silent, because sound cannot travel in a vacuum.
Air has weight, and it is this weight that keeps balloons that are lighter than air high above the earth. Air shows resistance to any motion. This air resistance keeps birds and airplanes up in the air, just as water resistance helps a water skier skim on the surface of the water. There is an “ocean” of air just as real as any ocean of water. When you walk, you push along the bottom of this ocean of air much as a crab crawls on the bottom of the sea. The ocean of air covers a larger area than all the oceans of water put together. It is many times deeper than the earth’s oceans and it covers all the earth.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Air surrounds the Earth just above the land and sea.
2. Air is several gases mixed together.
3. Without air there could be living plants or animals.
4. A person can live only some hours without air.
5. Air has no colour no smell and no taste.
6. You usually see air.
7. The light rays pass straight through air.
8. You can feel air against your face when it snows.
9. Air shows resistance to any motion.
10. The ocean of air covers a smaller area than all the oceans of water put together.
Circle the correct item
1. Air surrounds the Earth just above…
a) the ground and sea
b) the land and water
c) the land and sea
2. Air is often called…
a) the mixture of gases
b) the atmosphere
c) substance
3. Without air there could be no…
a) living beings and animals
b) living plants or animals
c) animals or people
4. You must breathe air…
a) to live
b) to act
c) to work
5. Air has no…
a) colour, smell, taste
b) smell, taste, weight
c) color, smell, emotion
6. When the wind blows you can feel air against…
a) your body
b) your face
c) your head
7. Most … come to us through the air.
a) movements
b) orders
c) sounds
8. Air shows resistance to any…
a) movements
b) rotation
c) motion
9. An “ocean” of air is just as real as any…
a) sea of water
b) ocean of water
c) lake of water
10. When you walk you push along…
a) the bottom of this ocean
b) the lowest part of this ocean
c) the flat surface of this ocean
Text № 44
Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air. Artificially created wastes are the main sources of air pollution. They can be in the form of gases or particulates. Such wastes result chiefly from the burning of fuel to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings. They also come from the industrial processes and the burning of solid wastes. Natural pollutants include dust, pollen, and soil particles.
The rapid growth of population and industry, and the increase in the number of automobiles and airplanes, has made air pollution an increasingly serious problem in many big cities since the 1950’s. The air over these cities often become so filled with pollutants that it harms the health of people, and also harms plants, animals, fabrics, building materials, and the economy.
The damage caused by air pollution costs the people of the United States alone about $16 billion a year – or $75 per person. This money is spent for increased maintenance of building, cleaning and replacement of clothing, and health care.
The major sources of air pollution vary from city to city. Automobiles produce nearly all the pollution in Los Angeles. Furnaces in apartment and office buildings cause most of the contamination in New York City. Chicago’s air pollution comes equally from industry, motor vehicles, and heating plants.
Weather conditions called thermal inversions may enable pollutants to build up over a certain area. A thermal inversion occurs when a layer of warm air settles over a layer of cool air that lies near the ground. This prevents pollutants from rising and scattering, and causes them to collect near the ground. The thermal inversion continues until rain or wind breaks up the layer of stationary warm air, allowing the impurities to rise.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air.
2. Naturally created wastes are the main sources of air pollution.
3. Wastes result chiefly from the industrial processes.
4. Natural pollutants include dust, water and soil particles.
5. Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in many big cities since the 1950's.
6. The damage caused by air pollution costs the people of the USA alone about $8 billion a year.
7. The major sources of air pollution vary from city to city.
8. Factories and plants produce nearly all the pollution in Los Angeles.
9. Thermal inversion may enable pollutants to build up over a certain area.
10. The thermal inversion continues until rain or wind breaks up.
Circle the correct item
1) Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty…
a) the air
b) the atmosphere
c) mixture of gases
2) Artificially created wastes are the main sources of …
a) air pollution
b) land pollution
c) water pollution
3) Natural pollutants include…
a) dirt, dust, pollen
b) dust, pollen and soil particles
c) powder, dirt, dust
4) Air pollution an increasingly serious problem in many big cities since the…
a) 1960s
b) 1950s
c) 1980s
5) The damage caused by air pollution costs the people of … alone about $16 billion a year – or $75 per person…
a) Great Britain
b) Northern Ireland
c) The United States
6) The major sources of air pollution vary from…
a) town to town
b) village to village
c) city to city
7) All the pollution in Los Angeles is produced by…
a) cars
b) buses
c) automobiles
8) Chicago´s air pollution comes equally from…
a) industry, motor vehicles and heating plants
b) factories, plants, transport
c) restaurants, plants, motor vehicles
9) Weather conditions called thermal inversions may enable pollutants to build up over…
a) various areas
b) a certain area
c) the whole city
10. The thermal inversion continues until…
a) rain or wind
b) snow or storm
c) rain or snow
Text № 45
Curriculum vitaes: tips that help
Adapted from College Times Magazine Feb 2007
Six out of ten CV’s which are prepared by Information Technology professionals fail to meet the basic standards and are turned down without even being read fully, according to a recruitment company. As a consequence, thousands of candidates are excluding themselves from attractive job opportunities.
Although the company handles over 60,000 CV’s per year, it estimates that at least 60% would not be admitted if they were sent directly to potential clients due to basic errors.
The company Marketing Director said, “Sadly it’s often the most highly qualified candidates whose CV’s are so poorly constructed that they are literally dead on arrival. Attractive job opportunities in the IT industry often generate intense competition and there is often little to choose between the candidates”.
“Advice on the presentation format of CV’s in relation to the requirements that they are being submitted for should be an Industry standard so as to add real value to the candidates that you are representing and indeed to fulfill your professional obligations to your clients”.
“Writing a CV can be extremely difficult and too often a CV turns out to be a generic overview including a lot of information that is irrelevant. People should remember that an employer typically spends between 15 and 30 seconds scanning each CV and you have that one chance to make an impression”.
“A good CV is more than just documentation of your career path; it is a marketing tool designed to present your professional career experience according to the new job specification. It should also include details of past professional successes that effectively demonstrate your ability to undertake the job responsibilities outlined”.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1.Most CVs are not read to the end.
2.40% of all CVs are sent back because of minor errors.
3. Thousands of candidates are including themselves into attractive job opportunities.
4. The most highly qualified candidates have poorly constructed CVs.
5. A lot of information included in the overview is relevant.
6. It takes an employer half a minute to scan each CV.
7. Presenting your professional career experience according to the new job specification is very important.
8. One should include only details of past professional successes.
9. A CV should contain data which demonstrate your ability to undertake the job responsibilities outlined.
10. Writing a CV is a foolproof task.
Circle the correct item
1. Six out ten CV’s are …
a) attractive
b) badly written
c) well-done.
2. Recruitment companies say that potential clients …
a) make basic mistakes.
b) only get 60% of CV’s.
c) reject CV’s with mistakes.
3. The Marketing Director said that the best candidates …
a) are the most affected.
b) do not send CV’s.
c) write the best CV’s.
4. The Marketing Director suggests that candidates ought to pay attention to …
a) CV’s presentation.
b) other companies.
c) other competitors.
5. The Marketing Director says that very often CV’s include …
a) necessary details
b) unimportant information
c) very little information.
6. Candidates should remember that employers …
a) are typical people
b) are very busy people
c) make an impression on people.
7. A good curriculum should show …
a) the new job specifications
b) your marketing tools
c) your overall skills.
8. In this article the term ‘CV’ is best defined as…
a) a short written document giving your previous education and possible past employment, used when you are applying into a university.
b) a short written document giving your education and past employment, used when you are looking for a job.
c) a short written document giving your education, used when you are looking for a job.
d) a short written document giving your past employment, used when you are looking for a job.
9. “To admit” can be replaced by each of the following EXCEPT…
a) to accept
b) to take
c) to turn down
d) to turn up
10. Which of the following words is an antonym to ‘specification’?
a) a list
b) a requirement
c) a condition
d) a stipulation.
Text № 46
Neil Armstrong’s death prompts yearning for America’s past glories.
Neil Armstrong’s death prompts yearning for America’s past glories
Paul Harris in Tampa 27 August, 2012
The death of Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has led to mourning for a twentieth century icon, and also to questions about America’s national destiny. Many people paid tribute to the former astronaut. But others expressed regret that no human has been back to the moon since 1972, just three years after Armstrong set foot on it and gave his famous “giant leap for mankind” speech.
Elliot Pulham, Chief Executive of the Space Foundation, criticized the lack of support for America’s space agency NASA, compared with the vast resources given to the moon landings programme in the 1960s. “In this age of timid exploration goals and tiny NASA budgets, Armstrong is a reminder of what our nation was once capable of,” he said. Pulham said the real-life drama of Armstrong’s moon landing – watched by a fifth of the world’s population – was unlikely to be repeated. He said: “In an age when Hollywood and professional sports create so-called ‘heroes’, Armstrong … was the real deal.”
Armstrong died aged 82 following heart problems after surgery in early August. His recovery seemed to be going well, and his death was a surprise to many. A statement released by his family gave few details, but spoke of a “reluctant American hero” and said: “Honour his example of service, accomplishment and modesty, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.”
Speaking from the White House, Barack Obama said Armstrong was “among the greatest of American heroes – not just of his time, but of all time”. He added: “And when Neil set foot on the surface of the moon for the first time, he delivered a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten.”
Armstrong’s crew member on Apollo 11 and the second man to walk on the moon, Buzz Aldrin, said he was “deeply saddened” by the loss of his good friend and companion.
“Whenever I look at the moon I am reminded of that precious moment, over four decades ago, when Neil and I stood on the desolate, barren, but beautiful, Sea of Tranquillity,” he said in a statement. “Looking back at our brilliant blue planet Earth hanging in the darkness of space, I realized that even though we were farther away from Earth than two humans had ever been, we were not alone. Almost the entire world took that memorable journey with us. I know I am joined by many millions of others from around the world when I mourn the passing of a true American hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will forever be remembered as a historic moment in human history.”
In the US, there was a sense that he represented the achievement of a past age of American greatness. Many remembered John F Kennedy’s 1961 speech when he set the target of putting a man on the moon. Armstrong seemed to symbolize that dream of a national goal, rather than the current situation, which has seen NASA cancel many missions because of budget squeezes.
Former astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last man on the moon, said Kennedy “challenged us to do something people thought was impossible. Neil was the focus of that … He did something that people thought was impossible.” Others complained about the state of the US. “Today it takes longer to get a budget through both houses of Congress than it took to send a man into orbit,” wrote journalist Andrew Pasternak. “The time it took to rebuild lower Manhattan after 9/11 … will be longer than it took to build an entire space program and send a man to the moon.”
Of course, NASA has its modern triumphs. Its engineers have landed a nuclear-powered robot on Mars. The robot is designed to spend years on the Martian surface. Another Mars mission has also just been announced – it involves a Lander designed to drill below the planet’s surface. But these achievements do not even come close to matching the excitement of Armstrong’s success. NASA administrator Charles Bolden expressed that in his statement of tribute. “As we enter this next era of space exploration, we are standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong,” he said.
It seems that Armstrong shared the sense of disappointment at NASA’s reduced ambitions. Eric Berger, who runs the SciGuy science blog, said he had been forwarded an email that Armstrong and other former astronauts had sent to each other. It expressed frustration at the current problems at NASA and quoted Yogi Berra, an American baseball legend: “If you don’t know where you are going, you might not get there.”
Answer the questions
1. How old was Neil Armstrong when he died?
2. When did he first set foot on the moon?
3. Who was the second man to walk on the moon?
4. Who was the last human to set foot on the moon?
5. What was the name of Armstrong’s spacecraft?
6. Which US president set the target of putting a man on the moon?
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
2. Armstrong wanted to be an American hero.
3. NASA’s budget is now smaller than it was.
4. NASA has just sent a nuclear-powered robot to the moon.
5. Former astronauts think that NASA is not ambitious enough anymore.
6. No one has been to the moon since Armstrong and Aldrin landed there on Apollo 11.
Circle the correct item
1. When did Neil Armstrong land on the moon?
a. 1969 b.1972
2. What was the name of the spaceship?
a. Apollo 11 b. Apollo 13
3. Who was the last human to walk on the moon?
a. Buzz Aldrin b. Eugene Cernan
4. What percentage of the world’s population watched the moon landings on TV?
a. 40% b. 20%
5. Which US president started the race to the moon?
a. Kennedy b. Nixon
6. The moon landing was a ‘giant _________ for mankind.’
a. step b. leap
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. Why is Neil Armstrong’s death described as ‘a surprise to many’?
a. Because he was relatively young.
b. Because it was believed he was recovering well from bypass surgery.
c. Because he was a larger-than-life reminder of what America was once capable of.
2. Which if these sentences best describes the current situation at NASA?
a. NASA is expanding its operations and plans to send more men to the moon.
b. NASA has had to cancel a number of missions because of a lack of funds.
c. NASA has cancelled all further space exploration missions as a result of budget cuts.
3. What did Neil Armstrong almost certainly think of the current situation at NASA?
a. He was very disappointed.
b. He was very angry.
c. He was excited.
4. How, according to Buzz Aldrin, will Armstrong’s ‘giant leap’ be remembered?
a. As a historic moment that changed the world
b. As a memorable journey with the whole world watching
c. As a representation of the achievements of a past age.
Text № 47
Ape is a member of a group of animals that most closely resemble human beings. There are four kinds of apes – chimpanzees, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans. All these animals have hairy, tailless bodies; longer arms than legs; and long fingers and toes. They also have large brains and rank as the most intelligent animals next to human beings.
Most scientists believe that apes and human beings developed from a common ancestor. Apes resemble human beings in body structure more than any other animals do. They have similar bones, muscles, and organs. But human beings also differ from apes in many ways. For example, human beings have longer legs and less hair on their bodies. Human beings also have a more highly developed and complex brain.
Scientists divide the apes into two groups, based chiefly on size: lesser apes and great apes. Many people confuse apes with monkeys, but the two groups of animals differ in a number of ways. Monkeys have tails and seem less intelligent. The great apes are much larger and have longer fingers and toes. Both monkeys and the great apes walk on all fours. But the great apes do so in a semiupright posture, supporting the front part of their bodies on their knuckles. Gibbons walk on their two feet when on the ground.
Apes live in tropical Africa and Asia. All the apes, except gorillas, eat fruit. Gorillas eat mainly ground plants, such as wild celery and bamboo shoots. Gibbons live in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. They spend most of the times in trees. Chimpanzees are found in the tropical forests and wooded, grassy plains of Africa. They live both in the trees and on the ground. Gorillas live in the lowland and mountain forests of Africa. They make their homes chiefly on the ground and travel in groups of about 15 males and females of all ages. Orangutans live in the tropical forests of Borneo and Sumatra and spend their time largely in the trees.
The number of apes is decreasing because people hunt them to sell to zoos and research centers. In addition, cities and farms have replaced many of the forests where apes once lived.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Ape is a member of a group of animals that most closely resemble human beings.
2. There are five kinds of apes.
3. Apes have small brains.
4. Apes have similar bones, muscles and organs as human beings.
5. Human beings have a more highly developed and complex brain.
6. Scientists divide the apes into four groups based chiefly on size.
7. Both monkeys and the great apes walk on all fours.
8. Gorillas walk on their two feet when on the ground.
9. Gorillas live in the lowland and mountain forests of Australia.
10. Orangutans live in the tropical forests of Borneo and Sumatra.
Circle the correct item
1) Ape is a member of a group of animals that most closely resemble…
a) people
b) human beings
c) vampires
2) Apes have…
a) beautiful mind
b) large brains
c) bright intelligence
3) Most scientists believe that apes and human beings developed from…
a) a common ancestor
b) a common relative
c) a common descendant
4) Apes have similar…
a) muscles, organs and skeleton
b) skeleton, bones and muscles
c) bones, muscles and organs
5) Scientists divide the apes into…
a) four groups
b) two groups
c) three groups
6) Apes live in tropical…
a) Africa and Asia
b) South America and Asia
c) Africa and South America
7) All apes except … eat fruit.
a) gibbons
b) gorillas
c) chimpanzees
8) Gibbons spend most of the times …
a) in trees
b) in bushes
c) in tall plants
9) Gorillas make their homes chiefly …
a) on the earth
b) on the ground
c) on the trees
10) The number of apes is …
a) increasing
b) neither increasing nor decreasing
c) decreasing
Text № 48
Fairies are miniature supernatural beings in the form of humans. The pixies of England and the brownies of Scotland are essentially the same creatures, and just as real. Specific fairies such as Robin Goodfellow (also known as Puck) are said to be helpful though mischievous, and can be called upon to perform domestic services.
Incredibly, the famous author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle accepted the existence of fairies, elves and other such creatures.
There is no agreement on the origins of the many varieties of the fairies. One definition says they are the dispossessed spirits of humans not yet ready for heaven. Another describes them as a distinct life-form capable of the usual reproductive process, and in Devon they are ‘pixies’, the spirits of infants who died before baptism.
The English version wears a red conical cap, a green cloak interwoven with flowers, green trousers and silver slippers. Others are winged like dragonflies and dressed in filmy negligees. Some are said to dress in perfect miniatures of regular human clothing of the current period. It appears to be a matter of taste.
In various cultures, there are both good and bad fairies. The Koran describes the delicate peri as the offspring of ‘fallen spirits’ and such a fairy is always benevolent, pointing out to the faithful the way to heaven. In contrast, a malevolent fairy lives in the mines of England, causing accidents and misleading the miners.
In general, fairies fear iron.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Fairies are miniature supernatural beings in the form of humans.
2. The pixies of England and the brownies of Ireland are essentially the same creatures and just as real.
3. The famous author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle accepted the existence of fairies, elves and other creatures.
4. There is an agreement on the origins of the many varieties of the fairies.
5. One definition says fairies are the dispossessed spirits of humans not yet ready for heaven.
6. The English version wears a green conical cap, a red cloak interwoven with flowers, green trousers and gold slippers
7. Other fairies are winged like bees and dressed in filmy negligees.
8. In various cultures there are both good and bad fairies.
9. A malevolent fairy lives in the mines of Germany, causing accidents and misleading the miners.
10. Fairies fear iron.
Circle the correct item
1. Fairies are miniature supernatural beings in the form of …
a) people
b) humans
c) creatures
2. The pixies of England and the brownies of Scotland are … the same creatures and just as real.
a) important
b) essentially
c) necessary
3. The famous author … accepted the existence of fairies, elves and other such creatures.
a) G.B. Shaw
b) Sir A.C. Doyle
c) J. Galsworthy
4. There is no agreement … of the many varieties of the fairies.
a) on the place
b) on the situation
c) on the origins
5. Fairies are the dispossessed … of humans not yet ready for heaven.
a) characters
b) spirits
c) souls
6. The … version wears a red conical cap.
a) English
b) Spanish
c) French
7. Some fairies have wings as …
a) dragonflies
b) flies
c) butterflies
8. In various cultures there are … fairies.
a) only bad
b) only good
c) both good and bad
9. A malevolent fairy lives … of England.
a) in the forests
b) in the mines
c) in the castles
10. Fairies fear …
a) glass
b) iron
c) wood
Text № 49
Archaeology is the study of ancient buildings, tools, and other objects as a way of learning about the past. Archaeologists work like detectives, and treat the things they find as clues to the lives of the people who made and used them. Archaeologists may make exciting new discoveries, such as an Egyptian tomb filled with gold. But a few grains of hardened corn from a buried cave in New Mexico may reveal even more about early man.
Before scientists learn to estimate how long mankind has existed, archaeologists tried mainly to fill in gaps in the history of civilizations. Since the late 1800s, however, archaeologists have worked more to learn about prehistoric peoples. These peoples had no writing. But, through thousands of years, they laid the foundations of present-day civilization.
One way to understand the archaeologists’ task is to imagine what would happen to our houses and the things we use if they were abandoned for any length of time. Objects of wood and cloth would crumble, and houses would gradually fall apart. More durable belongings, such as knife blades or bicycle frames, would lie scattered among the ruins. Any archaeologist of the future who wanted to know about our life would have to do three things: find where our houses stood and salvage whatever he could, figure out the age of these remains, and reconstruct our way of life from what he found.
The archaeologist must go through the same basic steps in trying o learn about people, whether they lived thousands of years ago or in more recent times. In both cases, he needs the help of many kinds of scientists. Geologists tell him about the earth at different periods. Botanists trace ancient plant life. Zoologists identify animals. Petrologists and mineralogists supply information about stones and minerals used for implements and weapons. Chemists and physicists help discover what things were made of and contribute new methods of dating and preserving archaeological finds, or discoveries.
Archaeology is usually considered a branch of anthropology, and other branches of this science also help the archaeologist. Physical anthropologists identify the races of early men from parts of their skeletons. Cultural, or social, anthropologists help figure out the religious beliefs, social organization, and other customs of prehistoric people.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Archaeology is the study of ancient buildings, tools and other objects as a way of learning about the past.
2. Archaeologists work like lawyers.
3. Archaeologists may make exciting new discoveries such as a Pyramid tomb filled with gold.
4. Archaeologists tried mainly to fill in gaps in the history of civilizations.
5. Prehistoric peoples had no writing.
6. Objects of metal and clay would crumble.
7. Any archaeologist of the future who wanted to know about our life would have to do five things.
8. Geologists tell archaeologists about the earth at different periods.
9. Botanists trace ancient animal life.
10. Physical anthropologists identity the races of early men from parts of their skeletons.
Circle the correct item
1) The study of ancient buildings, tools and other objects as a way of learning about the past is…
a) history
b) the study of ancient remains
c) archaeology
2) Archaeologists work like…
a) a person who investigates crimes
b) detectives
c) scientists
3) Since the late … archaeologists have worked more to learn about prehistoric peoples.
a) 1900s
b) 1700s
c) 1800s
4) Prehistoric peoples had no …
a) putting science and other words on paper
b) writing
c) reading
5) Botanists trace ancient … life.
a) insects
b) plant
c) fish
6) Animals are identified by…
a) zoologists
b) biologists
c) botanists
7) Petrologists and mineralogists supply information about …
a) jewels and stones
b) stones and minerals
c) jewels and minerals
8) Archaeology is usually considered a branch of…
a) anatomy
b) anthropology
c) physiology
9) Physical anthropologists identify the races of early men from parts of their …
a) skeletons
b) bodies
c) remains
10) Cultural or social anthropologists help figure out the religious beliefs, social organization and other customs of …
a) very old people
b) prehistoric people
c) ancient people.
Text № 50
Arctic is the region of continuous cold around the North Pole. It includes the Arctic Ocean, thousands of islands, and the northern parts of the continents of Europe, Asia, and North America. Men long believed that the Arctic was a cold barren place where people could not live. But explorers and scientists found that, except for Greenland, nine-tenth of all arctic lands have no snow and ice in summer. Berries, vegetables, and flowers grow in a few places. The sun never shines on much of the Arctic during the winter. But it shines on the entire region for at least part of the day from March to September.
The Arctic has great importance to man. Information from arctic weather stations helps scientists predict the weather farther south – in Europe, Asia, Canada, and the United States. The airplanes that fly over the Arctic daily from Europe to Los Angeles do what men had dreamed of doing for hundreds of years. They are following a short route between Europe and the Pacific Ocean.
Northern nations such as Canada, Russia, and the United States have built military installations in the Arctic to protect their frontiers and trade routes. To build these installations, men have had to learn many things about this harsh region. Engineers have learned how to construct houses on the permanently frozen soil, and scientists have studied the plant and animal life to find ways that people can survive in the Arctic.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Arctic is the region of continuous cold around the South Pole.
2. Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean, thousands of islands and the northern parts of the continents of Europe, Asia and North America.
3. Men believed that the Arctic was a place where people could live.
4. Nine – tenth of all arctic lands have no snow and ice in summer.
5. Berries, vegetables and flowers grow in a few places.
6. The sun shines in Arctic from April to October.
7. The Arctic has great importance to man.
8. The airplanes fly over the Arctic daily from Europe to Los Angeles.
9. Northern nations such as Canada, Japan and the United States have built military installations in the Arctic.
10. Scientists have studied the plant and animal life to find ways that people can survive in the Arctic.
Circle the correct item
1) The region of continuous cold around the North Pole is:
a) Antarctic
b) Arctic
c) Australia
2) Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean, thousands of islands and the northern parts of the continents of…
a) Europe, Asia and North America
b) Australia, North America, Europe
c) Europe, Asia and Southern America
3) Men long believed that the Arctic was a cold barren place where people…
a) could not live
b) could not work
c) could not develop
4) Explorers and scientists found that, except for Greenland, … of all arctic lands have no snow and ice in summer.
a) eight-tenth
b) nine-tenth
c) seven-tenth
5) The sun shines on the entire region for at least part of the day from…
a) March to September
b) April to October
c) March to July
6) The Arctic has great importance to…
a) civilization
b) humanity
c) to our planet
7) The airplanes that fly over Arctic daily from … do what men had dreamed of doing for hundreds of years.
a) Africa to Boston
b) Asia to New York
c) Europe to Los Angeles
8) Northern nations such as Canada, Russia and the USA have built … in the Arctic to protect their frontiers and made routs.
a) military installations
b) military objects
c) military headquarters
9) To build these installations, men have had to learn many things about this…
a) rough and unpleasant region
b) harsh region
c) cruel region
10) Engineers have learned how to construct houses on the … frozen soil.
a) permanently
b) long-lasting
c) always
Text № 51
From Rags To Riches
At the southern end of Waterloo Bridge in London, by the banks of the River Thames, stand the Royal National Theatre, the National Film Theatre and the Royal Festival Hall. In stark contrast to this centre of London's cultural activity, are the subways close by, which offer some relief from the cold at night. They have become a Mecca for the homeless. The place is littered with the cardboard boxes and old mattresses that they use as beds. It became so popular there in the 1980s that each person had their own, much-prized space that they would guard carefully. It gave them a sense of security and became so permanent that the locals gave the area a nickname - Cardboard City. This was also the name of a theatre play directed by the now famous Oscar-winner (for American Beauty) Sam Mendes.
The 1980s saw an enormous increase in people sleeping rough in Britain, as many unemployed came to cities in the south, especially London, where jobs were easier to find. But it's virtually impossible to get a job in Britain without a permanent address, and it's very difficult to get somewhere to live if you don't have a job, so most of those people got trapped. They ended up with no work and nowhere to live. Today the housing charity Shelter estimates there are around 100,000 homeless people in London alone, who are either in temporary accommodation or simply living on the streets. These people often hang around railway stations and other public places asking for money.
The British public is asked by their government not to give money to street beggars. People sympathetic to the homeless are being told to donate money to charities who specialize in caring for the poor or to offer beggars gifts of food or clothes instead of money. Another way you can help is to buy a copy of The Big Issue weekly magazine.
Run for the homeless, The Big Issue is a success on many levels. Its first issue was published in 1991; it won the Magazine of the Year award in 1993, and sells 270,000 copies weekly, which means a readership of over one million. All profits are reinvested into the magazine or diverted to The Big Issue Foundation, a charity that runs many social support programmes for the homeless. The magazine is actually sold by the homeless themselves, which gives them a chance to earn money and retain a sense of dignity. Encouraged by its success in Britain The Big Issue has become international, and now seventeen titles throughout Europe are being published.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1.Thousands of people live on the street.
2. The Big Issue is a financial success, and it generates huge amounts of money to be spent on good causes.
3. Cultural landmarks stand next to temporary shelters for people sleeping rough.
4. In the 1980s, many people arrived in the capital in search of a home and a job.
5. The Big Issue is now an international initiative.
6. The life of homeless people on the South Bank was immortalized in a theatre play.
7. People can offer support through special organizations and by buying The Big Issue.
8. There are around 100,000 homeless people in Britain.
9.The locals ask people to give only food or clothes to the beggars.
10. Many social support programmes are run in London.
Circle the correct item
1.Suburbs have become a Mecca for the homeless because…
a) they are close to the centre of London
b) you can get warm at night
c) you can make a lot of friends there
d) homeless have nowhere else to go.
2. It was called a Cardboard city by…
a) the beggars
b) the homeless people who came to London in search of a job.
c) neighbours.
d) the local government.
3. Most people got into “catch-22-situation” because…
a) they had no permanent address
b) they couldn’t get somewhere to live if they didn't have a job
c) they couldn’t get a job if they didn’t have somewhere to live
d) they had neither permanent dwelling nor job.
4. You can help beggars by giving them…
a) money
b) food
c) clothes
d) food or clothes.
5. The Big Issue weekly is the magazine that…
a) is run for the homeless
b) is sold by the beggars
c) cares for the homeless in every aspect
d) is read by the beggars.
6. The magazine got the award because…
a) it has become international
b) seventeen titles throughout Europe are being published
c) has a readership of over one million
d) all profits are reinvested into the magazine or diverted to The Big Issue Foundation.
7. We can infer from the text that “rough” is…
a) comfortable
b) uncomfortable
c) cosy
d) tough
8. All of the following words are synonymous with ‘accomodation’ EXCEPT…
a) dwelling
b) shelter
c) lodging
d) settlement
9. Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to ‘divert’?
a) redirect
b) switch
c) change
d) swerve
10. The title of the text could mean…
a) to become very rich after starting life very poor
b) very close to the luxurious part of the city
c) diversity in the city life
d) dreams some time come true.
Text № 52
from “Marseille is having a makeover, though there’s still lots of gritty charm”
by Robert V. Camuto, The Washington Post, 2010
In the past decade, France's second-largest city has undergone a dramatic makeover, accelerated by a high-speed train that now connects it to Paris in just over three hours. A bouillabaisse of European and North African immigrants, Marseille has evolved into a town that is young and cosmopolitan while keeping its gritty charm. It may also be the closest thing France has to a melting pot: the media have noted that it was one of the few French cities to avoid the widespread rioting that followed the accidental deaths in 2005 of two teenagers from immigrant families who were fleeing police in a Paris suburb.
New hotels and luxury apartments are sprouting along its waterfront; boutiques, restaurants and artists' studios have revived once seedy neighbourhoods. You can sense the change in the millions of dollars of public works projects underway in preparation for 2013, when Marseille takes its turn as Europe's Capital of Culture. And you can see it in the construction cranes at the Hotel-Dieu, the sprawling 18th-century landmark hospital being converted into a luxury hotel.
Yet despite the changes, Marseille's odd vibe remains. The local culture - which elevates soccer to a religion, drinking pasties (an anise-flavored liqueur) to ritual, local food specialties such as bouillabaisse to an art form and the local French-mangling dialect to a language of its own - isn't showing any signs of waning.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Marseille is one but the largest city in France.
2. A dramatic makeover is enhanced by construction of high-speed motorway to Paris.
3. There are a lot of immigrants from CIS in the city.
4. Many newcomers did not agree with the lifestyle in France.
5. Marseille has developed into a huge city in recent years.
6. New hotels are being built in the city center.
7. The city center was rather seedy long ago.
8. The authorities of the city are striving to prevent famous landmarks being converted into luxury ones.
9. People in Marseille are against changes in their lifestyle.
10. They speak their own variant of English.
Circle the correct item
1. In the text, what does the word “gritty” mean?
a) Sandy
b) Rough
c) Grainy
d) Greasy
2. Based on this text, which adjectives best describe Marseille today?
a) Diverse and affluent
b) Old-fashioned and gritty
c) Dangerous and affluent
d) Mysterious and diverse
3. Which of the following factors are NOT involved in Marseille’s ‘makeover’?
a) Marseilles will be Europe’s Capital of Culture in 2013.
b) The reconstruction of the Hotel-Dieu.
c) The elevation of bouillabaisse to an art form.
d) The high-speed train between Paris and Marseilles.
4. In 2005 Marseille was noted for…
a) numerous teenagers fleeing police in a Paris suburb.
b) avoiding the widespread rioting.
c) accidental deaths of immigrant teenagers.
d) many immigrants fleeing police in a Paris downtown.
5. Marseille is different from other French cities because…
a) it has more sophisticated local cuisine.
b) it has a more multicultural yet peaceful community.
c) it is developing more quickly.
d) it is less fashionable.
6.The opposite of “seedy” is…
a) shabby
b) run-down
c) deteriorated
d) revived.
7. Based on the text, we can assume that ten years ago, Marseille…
a) had more immigrants.
b) was less stylish.
c) was more modern.
d) did not have an odd vibe.
8. Which of the statements BEST reflects the theme of the text?
a) Marseille is turning into another luxurious European metropolis.
b) Marseille’s impressive progress can give hope to other struggling cities.
c) Marseille’s culture is defined by local oddities as well as increasing development.
d) Marseille is an eclectic city, influenced by immigrants from Europe and Africa.
6. Preparation for 2013, when Marseille takes its turn as Europe's Capital of Culture presupposes…
a) huge investments
b) reconstructions
c) renovation
d) expansion of infrastructure.
10. Local culture includes all the following EXCEPT…
a) preferring football
b) sipping local beverages
c) speaking their own language
d) introducing a new art form.
Text № 53
from “Video Game Addiction: Nearly 1 In 10 Children Is At Risk,” Huffington Post, 2011
Roughly 1 in 10 children who play video games are at risk of becoming pathologically addicted to them, found a new study published in the journal Pediatrics. That means for every classroom of 30 kids, three of them could develop a hardcore digital addiction that boosts the risk of depression, social phobia and poor school performance, the study found. Over a two-year span, researchers from the U.S., Hong Kong and Singapore studied the video game habits of 3,000 Singaporean children from grades 3, 4, 7 and 8.
Kids who averaged 31 or more hours of game play a week were classified as pathological or "obsessive" gamers and were determined more likely to develop serious mental health issues. Inclined to believe video game addiction is just a passing phase? WebMD reports that 84 percent of students who were considered addicts when the study began were still addicted two years later. Still, such findings are preliminary. U.S. News reports: Although pathological video gaming appears to share a number of characteristics with other addictive behaviors, such as pathological gambling, the researchers noted that "pathological gaming" is not yet an established psychological disorder.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Only three pupils in class can be considered to be game addicts.
2. Only one pupil in class can develop a hardcore digital addiction.
3. Digital addicts don’t like to communicate and cooperate with classmates.
4. They get good marks in all the subjects.
5. Only the US scientists are worried about the problem.
6. Playing five hours a day is enough time for being an obsessive gamer.
7. There are no serious consequences of playing video games for children.
8. Only a few kids gave up their addiction when having been warned.
9. There are some similarities between video gaming and gambling.
10. Doctors do not consider that video game addiction is a disease.
Circle the correct item
1. Which is mentioned as a potential risk of digital addiction?
a) Fear of interacting with people in social situations
b) Good grades
c) Weight gain
d) Fear of leaving one’s room or house
2.Over a two-year span, researchers found that…
a) Many kids became reluctant to games
b) The most serious problem was depression
c) Majority of the kids were still playing
d) They behaved in a strange way.
3. According to the study, children playing more than 30 hours of video games a week are more vulnerable to…
a) psychological problems
b) gambling addiction
c) video game burnout
d) digital pathologies.
4. “Passing phase” implies…
a) something that continues for a long time.
b) something that only lasts a short time.
c) when people share opinions.
d) when people play games with each other.
5. As used here, the word “inclined” means…
a) wishing
b) wanting
c) disposed
d) pretending.
6.We could replace the word “preliminary” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) forerunning
b) important
c) prior
d) prefatory.
7. "Obsessive" gamers are those who…
a) have 31 or more hours of gameplay a week
b) are determined less likely to develop serious mental health issues
c) have no psychological disorder
d) behave as ordinary students.
8. The tone of the article can best be described as…
a) ambivalent
b) concerned
c) overwhelmed
d) apathetic.
9. The opposite to “boost” is…
a) encourage
b) aid
c) support
d) decrease.
10. According to the article, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT…
a) psychologists have recognized pathological gaming as an official condition.
b) only a minority of children are at risk for pathological gaming disorders.
c) video game addiction is likely to be a long-term condition.
d) a variety of problems stem forth from video game addiction.
Text № 54
from “How to Close the Achievement Gap,” by Mona Mourshed and Fenton Whelan, Newsweek, 2010
All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.
A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, replied, “I can tell you their names if you want.” In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college.
These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school—don’t ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American student. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday.
Third, pour lots of effort into recruiting and training quality teachers. Studies have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective.
Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Most kids follow the lifepattern of their parents.
2. Poorer kids by the age of three know the same amount of information as their richer friends.
3. All the kids get approximately 40 points on IQ tests.
4. Many schools have the notion how to close the achievement gap.
5. Only teachers know the level of knowledge of their students.
6. There is high necessity to give a child good preschooling.
7. People with high IQ results are less likely to divorce.
8. Most kids under 18 tend to spend their spare time going out with friends.
9. Knowledge of kids depends on the professionalism of the teachers.
10. Success in life directly depends on individual support of the tutors.
Circle the correct item
1.Studies of the “education gap” show that…
a) a family’s economic circumstances are irrelevant to their children’s success in school and life.
b) children from poor families often lag behind those from professional, richer families in measures of vocabulary size and IQ.
c) if students don’t have basic reading and maths skills by age three, they never will.
d) it can never be erased.
2. A pattern of failure at school becomes almost irreversible…
a) by the age of three.
b) by the age of ten.
c) if a disadvantaged child does not attend preschool.
d) if a poor child does not spend 60 percent more time in school than an average student.
3. At the age of 10 the gap becomes irrevocable because…
d) parents didn’t help kids to learn the basics of maths;
e) parents didn’t read goodnight stories for their kids;
f) poorer kids can’t catch up with better ones;
g) they missed too much.
4. We could replace the word “rigorous” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) harsh
b) strict
c) strong
d) rigid.
5. All of the following statements are true about Finland’s school system EXCEPT…
a) many children in Finland fail to graduate from school.
b) Finland sets demanding standards for its students.
c) one-third of Finnish students receive additional tutoring.
d) Finnish students who struggle get extra individual support from teachers.
6.All of the following statements are true about KIPP charter schools EXCEPT…
a) only 20 percent of KIPP students do not enter college.
b) KIPP students study on Saturdays, arrive later and leave school earlier than other students.
c) KIPP students come from disadvantaged families.
d) KIPP students attend school every other Saturday.
9.The main reason the poorer students get worse jobs is because…
a) they don’t spend enough time in school;
b) they do not attend a kindergarten;
c) they don’t get enough attention from their parents;
d) the kindergarten is of a low quality.
10.In conclusion, the author suggests that…
a) teachers should force their students to learn three times as much information as they are currently required to.
b) schools should hire high-quality teachers and give struggling students more one-on-one attention.
c) spending more time in school can shorten the gap between socioeconomic groups only if students are members of charter programs like KIPP.
d) all of the above.
Text № 55
E-READERS
Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that's right. If you have some spare cash and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).
If you haven't heard of an e-reader and don't know what it is, then please permit the following explanation. An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as "an electronic version of a printed book," but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent. So now you know what an e-reader is. But you still may be wondering why they put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space. The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a veritable library at your fingertips. What is more, being the size and weight of a thin hardback, the e-reader itself is relatively petite. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling ponderous behemoths such as War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and Les Misérables a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.
In addition, e-readers are superior to books because they are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That's a lot of paper! If there are about 80,000 pieces of paper in a tree, this means it takes almost 4 trees to make these 1000 books. Now, we know that the average bestseller sells about 20,000 copies per week. That means that it takes over 300 trees each month to sustain this rate. And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. That's about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.
Finally, e-readers are superior to books because they provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to customize letter size, font, and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking. Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can conjure instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.
It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Books are not made only from whole trees, but from wood chips and forest waste as well.
2. The natural resources required to read an e-book on an e-reader are greater than the natural resources required to make a printed book.
3. The results of a recent survey show that people who read e-books are more likely to be distracted during their reading and remember less of the book.
4. Although the printing of the extremely popular Harry Potter book series had significant environmental impact, the Harry Potter movie series cost almost no trees to make and was also very well-liked.
5. Every user of a typical e-reader can customize letter size, font, and line spacing.
6. While reading a printed book you have to consult a physical dictionary.
7. The average bestseller takes over 300 trees each month to sustain this rate.
8. Getting an overview of a book is much easier with physical books.
9. The average e-reader can store hundreds of digital books.
10. Some relics, antiques, fossils, books can make nice decorations.
Circle the correct item
1) As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils" are all words that describe something…
a) ancient
b) useless
c) outdated
d) pathetic
2) The tone of the author can best be described as…
a) shrewd
b) conniving
c) persuasive
d) authoritative
3) According to the author, e-books…
I. were all once printed books
II. may be "born digital"
III. are able to display images
a) I only
b) I and II only
c) II and III only
d) I, II, and III
4) As used in paragraph 3, which of the following describes something that has been "put to shame"?
a) A dog is left outside on a frigid, dreary winter night.
b) Team A defeats Team B in a humiliating rout.
c) Martha is caught stealing at the mall and is arrested in front of a crowd of curious bystanders.
d) The machine has countless moving parts and Dustin has trouble assembling it.
5) A thesis statement is a sentence that clearly describes what the author plans to discuss. Based on this information, which of the following sentences from the passage is the thesis statement?
a) If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.
b) E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).
c) An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.
d) E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
6) Based on its use in paragraph 4, it can be inferred that petite belongs to which of the following word families?
a) Jubilant, euphoric, playful
b) Compact, diminutive, little
c) Cute, attractive, charming
d) Light, airy, spacious
7) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and Les Misérables are all…
a) authored by Europeans
b) dense and impenetrable
c) timeless classics
d) awkward or unwieldy
8) As used in paragraph 5, which is the best synonym for sustain?
a) Maintain
b) Allow
c) Enforce
d) Yield
9) According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?
I. Line spacing customization
II. The ability to quickly jump to the end of a book
III. Access to an online thesaurus at the touch of a finger
a) I only
b) I and II only
c) II and III only
d) I, II, and III
10) Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
a) Introduction, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
b) History, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
c) Advertisement, background, introduction, supporting paragraphs, examples, conclusion
d) Introduction, background, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
Text № 56
from “Oceans Warming Faster Than Realized,”
Agence France-Presse, 2008
The world's oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to a climate change, Australian and the US climate researchers reported on Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences of rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven meters (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 meters (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Due to climate change the world's oceans have warmed 40 percent faster over the last 50 years than previously thought.
2. Higher ocean temperatures cause the higher sea-level.
3. Delta regions aren’t thickly-populated.
4. There’s no difference between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
5. It’s rather easy to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 2,300 feet.
6. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research and the IPCC have the same results.
7. The projections of computer-based climate models aren’t always precise.
8. Melting ice can raise the sea-level enormously.
9. The IPCC is the UK organization.
10. Only Australian and the US climate researchers are warned about the problem.
Circle the correct item
1.The study in Nature…
a) concurred with the IPCC report.
b) added to the group of scientists arguing against the existence of ocean temperature change.
c) was an award-winning report.
d) disagreed with the report by the UN.
2.The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and…
a) large cities around the globe.
b) people who live on the beach.
c) low-lying and coastal cities.
d) people who live on large islands.
3.The new study…
a) shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels.
b) did not reveal anything that scientists didn't already know.
c) used new techniques to assess ocean temperatures.
d) was lead by the IPCC.
4.We could replace the word “to reconcile” with each of the following words EXCEPT…
a) to unite
b) to adjust
c) to reconsider
d) to bring together.
5. The opposite of “to submerge” is…
a) to plunge
b) to sink
c) to ascend
d) to descend.
6. Higher ocean temperatures cause…
a) expanding the volume of water
b) contributing a rise in sea levels
c) expanding the ice sheet area
d) resettling of densely-populated areas.
7. The scientists around the globe are warned about…
a) submerging of vast territories;
b) the pace and consequences of rising oceans;
c) the place and circumstances of possible floods;
d) rising sea-level in the USA, The UK and Australia.
8. To understand climate change, scientists need to…
a) forecast future temperature rises
b) figure out how much each of the factors contributes to rising sea levels
c) carry out more research
d) wait for a few years
9.Ultimately, the new study should help scientists to…
a) lower water levels.
b) better predict climate change.
c) bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and Shanghai.
d) put an end to global warming.
10.What was the main finding of the study?
a) That not enough is being done about global warming.
b) That ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought.
c) That the warming of the world's oceans is not a threat.
d) That climate change poses a major challenge for governments.
Text № 57
Excerpt from "When I Was Your Age", Volume Two: Original Stories about Growing Up by Kyoko Mori, 2002
I don't know how long we were riding the waves before I noticed that my mother and I hadn't seen anyone for a long time. I thought of another thing, too. When we first started, my feet had brushed against the sand bottom almost every time we came down. In the lull between the waves, I'd be standing in the water only up to my chest.
That hadn't happened for a while. My feet hadn't touched bottom for at least twenty waves now. I stretched my body as straight as I could, trying to touch bottom with my toes. Nothing. Just as I opened my mouth to point that out to my mother, a big wave came, my head went under, and my hand was swept loose from hers.
When I came up again, I was turned around, facing the shore for the first time. I couldn't believe what I saw. The people on the beach looked so small that I couldn't tell our family from anyone else's.
Before I really understood what this meant, another wave rose, my head went under again, and I came up coughing and spitting. My mother, to my relief, was right beside me, treading water.
"Mom," I tried to warn her, but the look on her face told me she already knew. Her eyes were wide open and there was a big frown between her eyebrows.
"Turn around and swim,'' she said. "It's not as far as you think."
"I can't," I gasped before a wave pounded me, filling my mouth with a burning, bitter taste.
My mother started flinging her hand upward, trying to wave it from side to side. She was calling for help. That meant we were drowning.
Before the next wave hit us, I kicked my legs as hard as I could and lunged toward my mother, making up the short distance between us. The wave hit. We came up, both of us coughing and spitting, my arms clutched tightly around her neck.
"Listen," my mother said, in a choked-up voice. You have to let go."
"But I’ll drown," I wailed.
She stopped moving her arms for just a moment — long enough to put them around me and draw me closer. I could feel my shoulders, wet and slippery, pressed against her collarbone. "Let go," she said in a voice that sounded surprisingly calm. "Now, or we'll both drown."
By the time the next wave went over my head I was swimming alone, flailing my arms and legs to come up for air, and my mother was beside me. If it weren't for me, I thought, she could easily swim back to shore. She was a strong swimmer. We were drowning because of me.
"Stay calm," she said, "and float."
We treaded water for a while, and between the waves my mother looked around, no doubt trying to measure the distance we had to swim.
"Look over there," she said, turning away from the shore and pointing toward the piece of land jutting into the sea. "We can't swim back to the beach, but we can make it to those rocks."
The waves had been pushing us sideways, toward the rocks, as well as farther from the shore. From where we were now, the tip of that land was about as far away as I could swim in the river without stopping if the current was with me.
That piece of land was our last chance. If I couldn't make it there, I would surely drown. Heading toward the rocks meant turning away from the beach completely, swimming farther out to sea. If I drifted too far to the side and missed the tip of the land, there wouldn't be anywhere else.
Every time I came up for air, I'd better be looking at those rocks, making sure they were still in my sight. The only stroke that would allow me to do that was the breaststroke.
I took a big breath and started kicking my legs with my knees bent, flicking my ankles that way my mother had taught me in the river. The arms, I told myself, should draw nice big arcs, not a bunch of little frantic circles that would make me tired.
My mother swam right beside me in her easy graceful breaststroke - she was between me and the rest of the sea, guiding me toward the rocks, showing me how I should swim.
The waves we had been fighting were suddenly helping us. In just a few minutes, my mother and I stood on the rocky ground of that slip of land, looking back toward the shore. My legs felt wobbly, and I was breathing hard. The two of us looked at each other, too stunned to say anything. For a while we just stood trying to catch our breath, listening to the waves as they continued to crash at our feet.
Then we started walking. The rocks formed a steep cliff above us, but at the bottom, there was enough room for us to walk side by side. Cautiously we picked our way back to the beach, trying not to cut our feet or slip back into the sea.
On the way we noticed a group of people gathered on the sand, watching us. When we got there, they came rushing toward us. They were my uncles and several other men we had never seen.
"I waved for help," my mother said to them.
"We thought you were just waving for fun," one of my uncles said. "We didn't know anything was wrong until we saw you walking on those rocks."
One of the strangers, an old man in a shirt and trousers, shook his head. "You got caught in a rip tide," he said. "A fisherman drowned there a few years ago."
Several people were talking all at once, saying how lucky we were, but I wasn't listening very carefully. My brother was running toward us. Behind him, the beach was more crowded than when we had first started swimming. For the first time, I noticed an ice cream stand not too far away.
"Mom," I said. "My throat hurts from the seawater. I would love some ice cream."
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The speaker became worried when she realized that she could no longer touch the sea floor.
2. The speaker tried to warn her mother that they were too far from the shore.
3. The speaker was a strong swimmer.
4. The men knew the speaker and her mother were in danger when the mother waved for help.
5. There were more people on the beach when they returned to shore than previously.
6. Swimming to the rocks meant swimming further out to sea.
7. The mother guided her daughter towards the rocks.
8. After they reached land, the girl wanted to speak with everyone about her experience.
9. A rip tide is not dangerous.
10. The speaker wanted ice cream to replenish her energy.
Circle the correct item
1. Which of these alternative titles would BEST express the material in the text?
a) "Stranded at Sea"
b) "A Day at the Beach"
c) "Reaching the Rocks"
d) "Saving My Mother's. Life"
2. Why was the mother's call for help ignored?
a) They had drifted too far out to be visible from the shore.
b) Her family was busy playing on the beach.
c) The waves dragged her underwater.
d) Her relatives didn't realize she was waving for help.
3. What was the mother's demeanor?
a) Nonchalant
b) Exasperated
c) Composed
d) Hysterical
4. Why did they swim to the rocks?
a) It was the closest piece of land they could reach before drowning.
b) They could no longer see the shore.
c) Their family was calling to them from the rocks.
d) It wasn't risky to try to reach the rocks.
5. The waves did all of the following EXCEPT …
a) pushed them sideways
b) pushed them towards the rocks
c) pushed them under
d) push them further out to sea
6. Which best describes tins piece?
a) A nostalgic explanation.
b) A suspenseful narrative.
c) An apathetic description.
d) A witty vignette.
7. Why does the author choose the breaststroke?
a) It was the easiest stroke.
b) It was the only stroke she knew
c) To copy her mother.
d) To be able to see the rocks.
8. When the narrator reached land, how did she feel?
a) Shaky and exhausted.
b) Cold and tense.
c) Nauseated and achy.
d) Hungry and energetic.
9. Who came rushing towards them?
a) Women.
b) Children.
c) The author's uncles and several other men.
d) No one.
10. What was the main reason the mother and daughter almost drowned?
a) The daughter was not a strong swimmer.
b) The daughter refused to let go of her mother's neck.
c) They were caught in a rip tide.
d) They were too far away from the shore.
Text № 58
The Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history. The group consisted of four Englishmen: George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr. Starr played drums, and the others usually played electric guitar. All of them sang. Lennon and McCartney composed most of the Beatles’ songs, but Harrison and Starr wrote for the group occasionally.
All the Beatles were born in Liverpool. They called themselves the Beatles in 1960. Brian Epstein, who worked in a Liverpool record store, became manager of the Beatles. Under his direction, they gained nationwide fame in 1962 and international fame two years later.
During the early 1960’s, the Beatles’ style was influenced by American rock singers, especially Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley. In 1964, the Beatles toured the United States and created a sensation everywhere they performed. They starred in two popular movies, A Hard Day’s Night (1964) and Help! (1965). A full-length cartoon, Yellow Submarine featured the music and characters of the Beatles.
During the middle and late 1960’s, the Beatles helped to give rock music a new direction. Earlier rock music had been based primarily on a strong beat, but the Beatles’ music contained a new sense of melody. Their chord progressions were also more complex, and the lyrics of their songs were more imaginative and meaningful.
The Beatles began to drift apart in the late 1960’s for a number of artistic, business, and personal reasons. The group broke up in 1970, but by that time their records had outsold those of any other popular music performers in history. After the breakup of the group, all the Beatles performed as soloists or led their own groups.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history.
2. J. Lennon played drums.
3. All the Beatles were born in London.
4. They called themselves the Beatles in 1970.
5. Brian Epstein became manager of the Beatles.
6. In 1964 the Beatles toured France.
7. A full-length cartoon “Yellow Submarine” featured the music and characters of the Beatles.
8. The Beatles´ music was based primarily on a strong beat.
9. The lyrics of their songs were imaginative and meaningful.
10. The group broke up in 1975.
Circle the correct item
1) Beatles became the most popular group …
a) in pop music history
b) in classical music history
c) in rock music history
2) The group consisted of four …
a) Englishmen
b) French
c) Americans
3) All of them…
a) played guitars
b) sang
c) composed music
4) All the Beatles were born …
a) in London
b) in Liverpool
c) in Boston
5) Brian Epstein who worked in a record store, became …
a) rock singer of the Beatles
b) manager of the Beatles
c) art director of the Beatles
6) In 1964 the Beatles toured the USA and created … everywhere they performed.
a) a miracle
b) a surprise
c) a sensation
7) They starred in two popular …
a) movies
b) plays
c) films
8) A full-length cartoon … featured the music and characters of the Beatles.
a) ‘Yellow Airliner’
b) ‘Yellow Automobile’
c) ‘Yellow Submarine’
9) The group broke up …
a) 1970
b) 1971
c) 1974
10)After the breakup of the group all the Beatles performed…
a) as soloists
b) as singers
c) as music performers
Text № 59
Miraculous recoveries, unexplained cessation of pain and termination of certain conditions in faith healing and other such procedures are often believed to be either due to occult forces or to divine intervention. More likely, this could be due to the well-known placebo effect.
Some recent studies indicate that in cases of neuroses and depression, almost any type of therapy is better than none at all. The word placebo is defined as a process or substance, of little or no known worth in itself, which is applied to a problem in order to produce an encouraging or ‘pleasing’ result.
This phenomenon takes place when a patient is exposed to a satisfactory ‘bedside manner’ and/or when medication, manipulation, passing of the hands, prayer or other means is applied to the problem. Such effects may also take place when the patient feels in control of his situation, or when he has surrendered that control to another in whom he has confidence. This is a simple case of what is known as ‘transference’. Encouragement leads to hope, and hope to better self-care and self-interest.
Many types of chronic pain, because of the emotional condition of the sufferer, are associated with the chronic anxiety. An efficient and caring physician, knowledgeable about the placebo effect can largely alleviate that anxiety and thus improve at least the symptoms of certain ailments.
Even American jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes had an opinion on this matter: ‘Healing is a living process, greatly under the influence of mental conditions. It has often been found that the same wound found received in battle will do well in the soldiers that have beaten, that would prove fatal in those who have just been defeated’.
It is well to consider the possibility of this powerful psychological effect when evaluating some claims of ‘miraculous’ healing.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Miraculous recoveries are often believed.
2. In cases of neuroses and depressions the well-known placebo effect is the best.
3. The word placebo means a harmless substance given to a sick person instead of medicine, without telling them it is not real.
4. The phenomenon of placebo takes place when a patient is seriously ill.
5. Such effects may also take place when the patient feels in control of his situation.
6. A complicated case is known as “transference”.
7. Many types of chronic pain are associated with the chronic anxiety.
8. American doctor Oliver Wendell Holmes said: “Healing is a living process, greatly under the influence of mental conditions”.
9. The same wound found received in battle will do well in the soldiers that have beaten.
10. We must not consider the possibility of placebo effect.
Circle the correct item
1. Miraculous recoveries, unexplained cessation of pain are often believed to be either due to occult forces or to divine …
a) intervention
b) providence
c) revelation
2. Some recent studies … that in cases of neuroses and depression almost any type of therapy is better than none at all.
a) prove
b) indicate
c) signal
3. The … placebo is defined as a process or substance, of little or no known worth in itself which is applied to be a problem in order to produce an encouraging or pleasing result.
a) term
b) word
c) expression
4. This phenomenon takes place when a … is exposed to a “satisfactory bedside manner”.
a) person with some health problems
b) patient
c) sick man or woman
5. Placebo effects may also take place when the patient feels in control of his …
a) circumstances
b) situation
c) position
6. … leads to hope and hope to netter self-care and self-interest.
a) encouragement
b) discouragement
c) confidence
7. Many types of chronic pain because of the emotional condition of the sufferer are associated with the chronic …
a) worry
b) anxiety
c) concern
8. An efficient and caring physician knowledgeable about the placebo effect can largely alleviate that anxiety and thus improve at least the … certain ailments.
a) symptoms
b) illness
c) problem
9. Healing is a living process, greatly under the influence of mental …
a) situations
b) conditions
c) state
10. It is well to consider the possibility of placebo effect when evaluating some claims of … healing.
a) miraculous
b) very good
c) very lucky
Text № 60
The Art of Arguing
It’s a fact that most people don’t like to fight. It is just in human nature to want to avoid a confrontation. However, throughout our lifetime, there will inevitably be situations where we are called upon to defend our opinion on a topic against someone else’s.
Argue Skillfully
The ability to take a stand, and skillfully present your point of view is a fundamental skill that will help you in business, as well as other aspects of life. You may win some arguments, you may lose—more often than not, you will come up with a negotiated agreement. But how you present your case and yourself, regardless of the outcome, will leave a lasting impression of who you are as a person and a leader.
Be Prepared
The first thing to remember is to be prepared. If you feel strongly about a topic, know it well. Take special measures to get the relevant facts and find out as much about the topic as you possibly can. Preparation is the only aspect of an argument or negotiation over which you have total control. You can never control what actually happens during an argument, but being prepared can help you stand on firm ground.
Know Your Opponent
In any serious discussion, it is not enough to simply understand your own point of view. It is equally, if not more important, to understand and never underestimate your opponent. It is important to understand that your opponent feels about his opinion as strongly as you feel about yours. Do not put down your opponent’s ideas. Show politely that you understand, but that your opinion is different.
Listen Closely
Throughout an argument, it is important to listen. Listening carefully and asking relevant questions, shows that you are truly involved in the discussion and allows you to receive important information that will eventually lead to an outcome. Be sure to listen with an open mind, even if you believe the other side is taking a ridiculous position.
Keep Cool
Always keep your emotions under control. When arguments get emotionally heated, both sides tend to lose control and the discussion process breaks down. No matter how intensely you feel about a topic, keep a calm voice. Sometimes it may even help to take a deep breath and count to ten.
Know When to Stop
Finally, accept the fact that some arguments do not have a clear-cut outcome. Know when enough is enough, and simply agree to disagree.
Remember these simple tips the next time you are confronted with an argument, and you may just come out on top.
Mark the statements true (T) or false (F)
1. All the people don’t like to fight.
2. Avoiding a confrontation is considered to be our human nature.
3. The word “inevitably” can be replaced by the word “certainly”, according to the reading.
4. “To take a stand” means “to defend one’s point of view”.
5. The way you argue does not always show you as a person and a leader.
6. In some situations you can control what actually happens during an argument.
7. It’s unacceptable to underestimate your opponent.
8. Discussion ends when emotions begin.
9. Sometimes you have to agree to disagree.
10. Keeping in mind the following rules will surely make you the winner.
Circle the correct item
1.The reading is primarily about ...
. a) how to stay calm in an argument
. b) how to avoid arguments
. c) how to argue effectively
. d) why people don’t like to argue
2.Which heading is about knowing about your topic before you begin?
. a) Be Prepared
. b) Know Your Opponent
. c) Listen Closely
. d) Keep Cool
3.Which heading is about keeping your emotions under control?
. a) Be Prepared
. b) Know Your Opponent
. c) Listen Closely
. d) Keep Cool
4.Which heading is about understanding the other side of the argument?
. a) Be Prepared
. b) Know Your Opponent
. c) Listen Closely
. d) Keep Cool
5.Which aspect of arguing is the only one over which you have total control, according to the reading?
. a) Your emotions
. b) Your opponent
. c) Negotiation
. d) Preparation
6.What is one thing you should not do in an argument, according to the reading?
. a) Stand on firm ground
. b) Put down your opponent’s ideas
. c) Avoid becoming emotional
. d) Agree to disagree
7.Each of the following is mentioned as a good way to keep cool EXCEPT …
. a) take a deep breath
. b) count to ten
. c) keep a calm voice
. d) feel strongly about your position
8.According to the reading, why is it important to listen carefully?
. a) So you can keep an open mind
. b) Because your opponent may say something ridiculous
. c) So you don’t lose control of the argument
. d) Because you may get some useful information
9.Which of the following is not listed as an advantage of learning to argue well?
. a) It could help you in business.
. b) Others can get a chance to see you as a leader.
. c) You can learn to win every negotiation you attempt.
. d) It is a fundamental skill that can help you in other parts of your life.
10.The overall tone of the reading is ...
. a) serious and practical
. b) light and silly
. c) informative and humorous
. d) entertaining and childish
WRITING
1. At the heart of every situation there is a lesson for you if you care to look for it and to learn it. Do you agree with this statement? Do you remember any kind of the situation? Please analyze it.
2. What do you dream about when the Bird of Dreams on silent wings comes to your windowsill in the evenings? Do you dream about future or things from your everyday life?
3. Life without labour no glory can gain. How do you understand these words? Give some examples from lives of prominent people or from lives of people you know.
4. I love an old city where you see at a glance – glimpses of history, beauty, romance. Are these words about your city/town? Why do you like it? What places do you enjoy visiting in your native city/town?
5. Have you already decided what your future job will be? Do you have any plans for your future?
6. We need a little more music to help us along. What kind of music do you prefer?
7. It is very important to live for people and to make them happy. Do you agree? What are you able to do for people to enrich their life with light and hope?
8. We must master many lessons during our life, only it gives us progress and real knowledge. Do you agree with it? How do you learn and master your lessons?
9. Love shall be our guide, our sunset lamp, our morning star. How do you understand it? What is love for you? Is it possible to live without love? Why not?
10. Time can never change true friendship. We find the greatest thing of all if we can find a friend. Do you have a real friend?
11. Changes often force the door of opportunity. Is it easy to adapt yourself to fresh conditions? What helps you to change something in your life?
12. There is always some new thing waiting round the corner, some new loneliness to be perceived, some new joy to be experienced. Have you ever experienced the traveler´s joy? Where do you like to travel?
13. Show your smiles – the world needs happiness. How can you share your joys with people around you? What interesting ideas can you suggest for free time activities?
14. Free to live my life and read, to dream, to swim or walk – this is my holiday. How do you taste the cheer delight of feeling really free during your holidays?
15. Life without colour. How dull it would be? How to make it vivid, inspiring and gay? What is your attitude towards art, literature and music?
16. Within yourself you have the power to be what you desire. Within your soul you have a certain goal. What kind of person you really wish to be?
17. It is certainly true that we cannot do without it – and yet when we´re got it we´re troubled about it. Men risk their lives for this thing we call money. What is tour attitude towards money? What cannot we buy for money?
18. Is your home a centre of affection for your friends and family? What do you do to keep your home a happy place and guard it carefully?
19. The poet A. Frost wrote: “The books we love grow dearer as the years go rolling on. They are there to comfort us when other joys have gone”. Do you like to read? What kind of books do you prefer?
20. Imagine, someone is waiting for a letter from you. It may be your mother, father, the old friend or the new one. What will you write to a person who is hoping for a line from you?
21. What do you prefer living in, an old cottage or a in a modern house? What are their advantages and disadvantages?
22. Do you agree that charity makes us think of other people and of what they need and it offers us a golden chance to do a kindly deed?
23. There is always something to live for if you only look around. An old friend to be visited, a new one to be found. What do you live for?
24. Old friends may be dear but you must never turn away from the chance to make new friends. Do you agree with this idea? Is it easy for you to make new friends?
25. Life is never hopeless when someone needs you. The world is full of people. What can you do to brighten someone´s day?
26. There is no friend like an old friend who has walked life´s road with you – easy to get in with like a worn well fitting shoe. Do you agree with this statement?
27. The unexpected pleasure sometimes gives more happiness than those that we have planned for many a day. How do you understand these words? Have you experienced such feelings?
28. The time has come to make your own way in the world. What are your plans for the future?
29. You´ve never met and yet you´ve come to know each other well. Sometimes it may be that the written word says more than tongue can tell. What do you think about paper friendship?
30. In the world all things are changing – changing with the days. Autumn, winter, spring and summer. The rhythm of the seasons and the cycle of the year. What is your favorite season? Maybe we find something pleasant in all it?
31. News from home – how much it means to those who in some place are thinking and remembering a room, a voice a smile. What do you recollect when you are far away?
32. How do you understand the proverb: “A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in picture of silver?
33. Very often when you are far away from home your thoughts go home. They seek the places and the faces dear to the heart. Thoughts go back. They know the way to the place of heart´s desire. Love leads them home. What are your thoughts about?
34. Do you agree that it is more blessed to give than to receive? They say that the joy of giving on the one hand is balanced on the other is by the grace of acceptance.
35. Without the warming grace of love our hearts grow hard and chill. The impulses of charity, kindness and goodwill – spring out of the seed of love. So let it be expressed. Charity is love in action, love made manifest. How do you understand these words?
36. Life cannot go always as you plan. You have to work hard and do the best you can. What helps you to overcome difficulties?
37. Life should be a festival of hope and movement. Every day that passes should be well and truly spent. How do you understand these words?
38. Wishes will not bring to you the prizes of success but work and hope will surely get you where you want to be. How do you work to be a success?
39. Robert Burns wrote, “It´s the light of happiness when shining in the mind – that makes the day look bright to you and life seem good and kind. It´s the inner sunshine gives your world a smiling face – and helps you see the loveliness behind the commonplace”. How do you understand these words?
40. Jewels of wisdom are locked in the books. The riches are hidden there. What kind of books helps you to find treasures of real knowledge?
41. Memory casts a golden ray in every secret place of our city. Describe some of your favourite places in your native town.
42. “Better country is farther on”. So said the pioneers who beat the trail into the wilds and famed with tears the hostile land. How do you understand these words? What is the best country for you?
43. What lessons may somebody learn just by watching you? What kind of things you say and do which may influence someone?
44. Other people´s problems, what are they to you? Are you always ready to help somebody?
45. On the hills and in the valleys sorrows fade and hopes ascend. All words lead to bright horizons as the company of friends. How do you like to spend your free time with your friends?
46. There is a philosophy in flares and forest, field and bird. Why do you love our planet? What must we do to make it better?
47. Use your gifts. Do not let them rest. Take the opportunities that come with every day. And you will be what you desire. The kingdom is within. What do you do to follow these ideas?
48. No good deed is ever wasted and no kind word said in vain. The good we do to other people life returns to us again. Do you agree with this proverb and it´s explanation?
49. Happy thoughts can change our lives. Happy thoughts are magic forces working secretly to establish in our lives health, peace and harmony. What are your happy thoughts about?
50. Do you look for the bad or for the good in everything? Do you give your thoughts an upward or a downward swing? How do you live your life?
51. If we build high walls around the garden of our lives – no root of love puts forth a bloom. Without the sunshine in our hearts how can the flowers grow? What is friendship for you?
52. What plans and goals do you have in your life? Do you have some dreams in your life?
53. Time is precious, do not waste it, use it carefully. Think before you filter it away. How can you use these pieces of advice?
54. What is the relationship between global warming and food scarcity? What other factors cause severe famine and malnutrition? What is meant by describing the rainforests as the ‘lungs of the planet’?
55. What do you think will be the major ecological problems in future and what suggestions do you have for dealing with them?
56. Science solves problems and occasionally creates them. What do you consider is the major scientific problem today and how do you think it can be solved?
57. How far do you agree that despite man´s attempts to control nature, nature has found very successful ways of controlling the man?
58. Do you think that too much effort and money are spent on persuading individuals and governments to conserve wildlife and the natural environment and too little on the needs of deprived people? Justify your opinion.
59. Do you think your education has encouraged you to think creatively and originally? Which aspects of your education have been the most creative and stimulating?
60. Do you think your education has prepared you sufficiently for adult life? What changes would you have liked to see in the curriculum of your secondary education?
61. Teaching machines ranging from hand-help dictionaries to complete classroom systems, to a great extent replace the human teacher. Schools themselves may decline in importance when the home information system supplements or even supersedes traditional method of education. What do you think about it?
62. Do you feel that you have been extended enough in your education? If not, in what aspects do you think you could and should have been extended more?
63. In what fields have woman generally achieve fame and distinction in the 20th century? Why these than others? Do you agree that woman are ’more people-oriented than man’?
64. What areas of employment have recently ceased to be exclusively male preserves? Is there any good reason why any of them should have always been reserved for men before?
65. Should women try to develop the kind of toughness and aggressiveness normally associated with men in order to compete with them in the job market? What is the alternative?
66. Are women inclined to think about their appearance significantly more than men? In what ways? Why is an increasing number of women suffering from the slimness diseases?
67. Do you think it is better if women stay at home while their children are young? How realistic do you think it is for a woman to attempt to pursue a demanding full-time career while bringing up young children?
68. Why do you think people choose the particular newspaper they read? What is your favourite newspaper?
69. Do you think Ukrainian television is sufficiently broad and enterprising in its scope? What kinds of programs would you like to see more/less?
70. To what extent do you think the Internet and television increase passivity and unsociability? What can be done to prevent it?
71. What is the appeal of ‘soap operas’? Do you consider any of them to be successful artistically? Why do you think some people become involved in the lives of “soap operas” characters?
72. Why do companies spend so much money on advertising? How do you think people in general are influenced by advertising? Can you think of any ways in which you personally have been influenced by advertising?
73. Do Ukrainian newspapers have anything to do with ‘news’? How far do newspapers influence views in society and how far do they merely reflect them? “A good newspaper is a nation talking to it”. What are your views in what constitutes a good newspaper?
74. List the most significant scientific discoveries of the century. What makes each of them important?
75. Should scientists be expected to take account of the social and moral implications of their research? On the whole, has the development of science been a good thing for the human race or not?
76. What do you think about “teenage culture”? Can it be properly called a culture? Give some examples.
77. Fashion dictates the way we live. What do you think about modern fashion? Who are your favourite designers?
78. Is there a generation gap? What are your relations with parents? Do you understand each other?
79. Do you think that marriage will survive as a social institution in the 21st century? Do you agree that personal happiness is best found in long-term relationships?
80. In the early years of the 21st century there will be an increasing number of old people in Europe. What problems do you think this will cause and how would you tackle them?
SPEAKING
1. What activities do you find enjoyable when you are by yourself? Why are these activities so pleasant to you? Do you feel it is important to have time for yourself? Why? What are your favourite leisure activities? Do you prefer spending your free time on your own or with your family and friends?
2. Many different languages are used around the world even within a single country. What foreign languages would you like to learn and why? How can a language help connect people from different parts of the world? How would the world be different if only one language was spoken throughout the world?
3. Every day millions of people visit video-hosting sites such as YouTube. Why have these sites become so popular? Do you or someone you know watch these clips? What kind of clips do you watch and why? What makes such sites different from television? Justify your opinion.
4. School uniforms are mandatory in some schools around the world, although certainly not in every school. If you were the headmaster of a school would you demand your pupils to wear a uniform? Imagine the response of a student who could disagree with you. What would the student say? How would you respond to him/her?
5. Throughout most of the 20t h century, Music and Art were considered as important as Maths and Science. Some people are concerned that nowadays schools are placing less and less emphasis on studying these subjects. Do you think that students should be required to learn Music and Art at school? Why?/Why not? Will our society change if we stop learning them? Justify your opinion.
6. Imagine that one day you will have a career of an actor or an actress. What kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in? If you could play any character in a theater performance or movie that you have seen, who would it be and why? Do you think you would enjoy this career?
7. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home country. Why do some students study abroad? Could studying abroad be viewed as a waste of time? How can a student make the most out of his/her time abroad?
8. Having a pet is quite popular nowadays. Why do you think so many people are fond of keeping pets? What kinds of animals are best as pets? Why? Are there any animals that should not be kept as pets?
9. A hero is traditionally a person who, in the face of danger, adversity or weakness, displays courage and the will for self sacrifice for some greater good of humanity. What traits define a hero for you? Does being in the right place at the right time make a hero or are people born that way? Who is your hero/heroine and why do you look up to him/her?
10. The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Why are more and more people living in cities? In the future, do you think people will live in the countryside? Is living in a city a sustainable lifestyle? Justify your opinion.
11. Websites, magazines, and television shows are free to say almost everything about celebrities and public figures even if it's not true. Is this practice fair? Why is the public so fascinated with the private details of famous people's lives? Would you be willing to trade privacy for fame? Explain your reasons.
12. All schools have rules. What are some of the rules you have at your school? Which rules do you believe are necessary and which do you believe are unfair? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having rules? Have you ever been caught breaking any school rules?
13. Imagine you get to move into your own apartment tomorrow. What five things would you put in your apartment first? Do you think you would keep your apartment clean or messy? Why? Would you invite anyone to live with you or would you stay there alone? Why?
14. Discuss the quote "You never step into the same river twice." How do you interpret this quote? Do you think it is a true statement? Why or why not? How can you relate it to yourself?
15. We all try to avoid illness through healthy daily habits and diets. When we get ill, most of us go to the doctor for advice or prescription medicines. What preventative measures do you take to maintain your health? How do different cultures approach health care? Compare and contrast Ukrainian health care with another culture. In your opinion, do people rely too much on pharmaceuticals?
16. Parents often tell children, “Mind your manners”. What do you think are examples of good manners/bad manners? Can manners affect your success in life? How? What is the best way to teach manners to children?
17. Do you think a universal language would be useful for modern life? Which language would you suggest as the common one? What are the disadvantages of having a universal language? How do you think knowing more than one language can affect your life?
18. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail" is a popular saying. Describe a time when you spent a lot of time preparing for a project, job, or performance. How did you prepare? Were you successful because of your preparation? Can people be successful without being prepared?
19. If you could be in any TV show, which would it be? Would you be a new character or an existing one? How would you introduce yourself into the show?
How would your presence affect the plot?
20. Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."What do you think of this quotation? What phobias do you have? How do you handle fear?
21. What is the most important quality a friend can have? Why is this quality so important? Do your closest friends have this quality? Do you? What can you do to develop/improve on this quality?
22. Today many students in schools have mobile phones. Many of them don’t always turn their phones off before going to their lessons. Is it necessary for pupils to have mobile phones? Why do you think so? Do mobile phones interrupt teachers and students? Should teachers be able to take phones from students? In which cases should they do it?
23. Robots are no longer a part of the distant future but instead they are slowly being incorporated into daily life. Robots are designed to complete tasks more efficiently than humans. Would you ever purchase a robot? Why?/Why not? What are the advantages and disadvantages of living with robots?
24. Shakespeare wrote, "All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players." Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Why or why not? How does this quote apply to your own life?
25. Many families in Ukraine grow their own food, but in many parts of the world people buy the majority of their food from supermarkets. What are the benefits of growing your own food? Why do some people prefer to buy all their food from stores? If you had a garden and could only plant three things, what would they be and why?
26. You have decided to move to a different country and will take one person with you. Where will you go? Why have you chosen that place? Who will you take with you? Why have you decided to take that very person? What will you miss about Ukraine?
27. Imagine that you are given the opportunity to turn time back. What time in your life would you want to re-experience? Is there anything you would change in your past? How do you think your present life would be affected by your journey to the past?
28. Many young people nowadays use social networks like Vkontakte and Facebook to stay in touch with friends and family. However, many critics fear that these sites cost us too much in terms of privacy and can have a negative impact on users. What are the advantages of using social networking websites? What are the possible disadvantages of using such sites? How can people reduce the risk they put themselves in when using sites like Facebook and Vkontakte?
29. Choosing a career path can be a difficult decision. What should be one's motivation in choosing a career path? When you have a family to support, is it fair to choose a job that gives you personal satisfaction even if the salary is lower than other available jobs? How can people balance their professional and personal lives?
30. Global warming is receiving more attention as a concern and problem throughout the world. Do you think global warming is an important environmental issue? Why? What are three sources of global warming, and how does each contribute to the problem? What are three solutions to stopping, or at least slowing the effects of global warming?
31. You have got an amazing chance to meet with a celebrity (living or dead) for one hour. Who would you meet and why? What questions would you ask this person? What would you like to tell him/her?
32. What is your favourite subject? Why? How will this subject help you in the future? Would you recommend this subject to someone else? How do teachers make lessons interesting for you? What role do you play in your own education?
33. Some argue that 'street smarts' are more important than 'book smarts'. What are the most important lessons you've learned outside your school? Do the lessons we need in life come mostly from school, or not? What does it mean to have a 'full' education?
34. If you could learn any language besides Ukrainian, Russian, or English, what would it be? What are your reasons? What opportunities would it create for you?
What unique hurdles would you have to overcome?
35. In the United States, it's common for private schools to accept only boys or only girls. What do you think are the positive aspects of single-sex education? What are the negative aspects? Would you like to attend an all-girls or all-boys school? Why or why not?
36. Supermarkets are becoming more widespread and popular in the modern world, while traditional markets (bazaars) are becoming less common. Where do you or your family do most food shopping? What advantages and disadvantages do you see with modern supermarkets? Do you think that traditional markets will disappear? Why or why not?
37. Extreme sports such as skydiving, mountain climbing, and bungee jumping are very popular, but also very dangerous. What is so appealing about these sports that people will risk their lives to do them? Is there an extreme sport you want to try and one you don’t? Which one and why? What would be your family’s reaction to your doing an extreme sport?
38. "Travelling is no longer necessary because modern technology has made it possible to learn about the rest of the world from computers and televisions." Do you agree with this statement? Why do people like traveling? Do you think foreigners could really understand Ukrainian life and culture without visiting Ukraine? Justify your opinion.
39. Fantasy books such as the Harry Potter and Twilight series have been very popular for some years now. Why do people like fantasy books? Are they targeted to one age group? In your opinion, what is the most interesting genre of books? Explain what makes it more interesting to you than the others. If you could bring a character from a fantasy book to life, who would it be and why?
40. People are often interested in foreign people and cultures. Which foreign culture do you find most intriguing? Which tradition from that culture would you like to experience? How has the classical understanding of that culture evolved overtime? What are the advantages and disadvantages of accepting foreign traditions into your own culture?
41. Napoleon Bonaparte once wrote, "The word impossible is not in my dictionary." Talk about a time when you achieved something that you initially thought impossible. Why is it important to have confidence in your abilities? Should you follow your dreams no matter what? Is it better to set easier, realistic goals, or to aim for the 'impossible'?
42. Journalism is a vital and challenging profession. Why is journalism important?
If you were a journalist, what kinds of news stories would you enjoy reporting about? Who would be the first person you would interview and why?
43. Tattoos and body piercings are becoming more and more popular. Many people with tattoos and piercings believe that such body art helps them express their inner personalities. What are some arguments against tattoos and body piercings? Do you like tattoos and body piercings? Why or why not? If you had to choose one body art to express your personality, what would it be and why?
44. Choose a favourite holiday. Explain why you like this holiday so much. Tell a story from your life that illustrates what this holiday means to you. Explain how your family traditions are typical for Ukraine.
45. If you were seated on a plane, and the person next to you was terrified of flying, what would you tell him or her to help calm that person down? Do you have a phobia? What and how do you deal with it? What method of transportation is the scariest/safest? Why? What are some advantages and disadvantages of travelling by plane?
46. Many people look back on their childhood fondly and remember a favourite toy. What was your favorite childhood toy and why? What are the characteristics of a good toy? How do the toys of today differ from the toys in the past?
47. Imagine you have become stranded on a desert island. How could you spend your time without a computer, a phone or television? What do you know about survival skills like planting food, building houses, or making clothes? If you could choose two people to be stranded with you, who would they be and why?
48. Imagine that the fountain of youth has been discovered, giving eternal life to those who drink from it. If you could choose one notable living person to live forever, who would it be? Why would you choose this person? How would his/her eternal presence influence the future?
49. With all the pressures of the modern world, time is an important factor in our lives today. How does time impact your life? Do you have enough time to do all the things you'd like to do? How do you prioritize your time to accomplish the things that are most important to you? Do you follow a strict schedule and calendar, or do you "take life as it comes"? What are the advantages and disadvantages of your approach?
50. "If you don't have something nice to say, then don't say anything at all." How do you feel about this American saying? Do you keep quiet when you want to criticize someone or do you say what is on your mind? In which kinds of situations is it more tactful to keep your criticism to yourself and when is it more important to contradict someone?
51. Scientist Charles Babbage proposed the idea of the computer in the 19t h century, but no one imagined how much the device would change our lives. How do you think technology will change in the next 100 years? What technologies would you like to see that do not yet exist? What are some ways technology can negatively impact our lives?
52. Every culture has different traditions and patterns for naming people. For example, most Ukrainians have very traditional names, but in America, people sometimes have unconventional names. Some celebrities even give their children strange names like "Apple" or "Moon Unit". Why did your parents choose your name? Should people be able to choose their own names? If so, how old should someone be before changing his/her name? If you could change your name, what would it be and why?
53. Throughout the world, visiting zoos is a popular way to have fun and observe animals, but have you ever wondered what it would be like to be the animal on the other side of the fence? Imagine you are an animal living in a zoo. What are the benefits and disadvantages of living in a zoo? Which animal would you be and what would your daily life be like? If you had a choice, would you live in a zoo or in the wild?
54. Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter. You have the opportunity to interview any person in the world. Who would you choose to interview? How has this person influenced people's lives? What three questions would you ask first?
55. People today may think that humankind has seen everything. Yet there are still a lot of unknown things about the ocean and outer space. Do you think it is more important to devote resources to exploring the ocean or outer space? How would we benefit from exploring this realm? What do you hope we will discover in the next ten years?
56. "Don't judge a book by its cover" is a popular English idiom. How do you interpret this phrase? Describe a time when you misjudged someone or something based on appearances. What value do you think our culture places on appearances, and is it appropriate? Justify your opinion.
57. In recent years natural disasters have devastated several countries and thousands of lives. From the tsunami in Southeast Asia to Hurricane Katrina and the earthquakes in China and Haiti, countries have been caught off guard by the amount of damage and the work required so that to recover from such disasters.
How can countries better prepare for large natural disasters? Pick a natural disaster and discuss what makes it so dangerous. After a disaster strikes, what can a government do to ensure the safety of survivors and a speedy recovery?
58. You want to cook something special for your parents. What would you choose to cook and why? Is it your favourite dish? What are its ingredients? What equipment and utensils do you need to cook it? What can make this dish especially tasty?
59. A person you know is planning to visit your town or city. During what season would you recommend him or her to visit it and why? What do you think this person would like and dislike about spending time in your town or city? Why? What areas of interest would you show her or him first?
60. Lately there has been a lot of discussion about environmental problems and how they are harmful to both society and the health of our planet. Do you agree that we live on a 'sick' planet? What environmental problems affect your community and what is being done to alleviate them? Do you think pollution is a just price to pay for better standards of living?
61. Some people believe that violent films and video games make our society more violent. Do you think there is a connection between violence in the media and violence in real life? Should there be greater restrictions on portraying violence in films and games? Do you enjoy watching films or playing video games that have violent content?
62. Imagine that you are given enough money to start your own business. What type of business would you choose to open and how would you call it? What would you need to open your own business in terms of space, employees, and supplies? How would you advertise your new business?
63. Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures connect through communication, transportation, and trade. This process has sped up greatly over the last two decades. What advances in communication have caused globalization to speed up? What roles have travels played in the globalization of world economies? How can globalization positively affect different countries? How can it negatively affect them?
64. Imagine you have the power to see the future. What advantages and disadvantages accompany this gift? What responsibilities come with this gift?
Would you make the knowledge of your ability public? Why or why not?
65. How important is it for young people to have good role models? Who do you think is a good role model for young people in your country? Why? What characteristics define a good role model for you?
66. Solving mysteries and riddles is characteristic of human nature. Why do you think people find it attractive? Give examples to justify your opinion.
67. How important is art and culture to the development of young people? Talk about different ways in which people of your age can expand their horizons through art and culture.
68. It is said that “forbidden fruit is always more attractive”. What do you understand by the saying? Justify your opinion.
69. “Home is where your heart is.” What do you understand by this statement? What sorts of things make a place “home”?
70. “Young people today have more career options than their parents.” How far do you agree with this statement? Talk about a variety of professions that young people find attractive nowadays.
71. Traditional TV, radio and newspapers will soon become a thing of the past. How far do you agree with this statement? What are modern versions of the traditional media?
72. Many books that have been on bestseller lists in recent years have been on secrets and mysteries. What are the reasons of people’s interest in such topics? Give examples to justify your opinion.
73. “It is impossible to learn a foreign language without understanding the culture of the countries in which it is spoken.” Do you agree with this statement? Justify your opinion.
74. Without risk your life would be very boring. How far do you agree with this statement? Give examples of the situations in which people like taking risks.
75. Instead of giving us more free time, modern technology takes it away from us. Give examples of how modern inventions contribute to our lack of time.
76. “Our intelligence helps us achieve amazing things.” What is your opinion of this statement? Give examples supporting your point of view.
77. “If we all spoke the same language, there would be fewer conflicts and wars.” Do you agree with this statement? In your opinion, will English be more widely spoken in the future? Why (not)? Can you think of any aspects of life where English is or will be the only language used?
78. “Education is a matter between the person and the world of knowledge; school or college has little to do with it.” Do you agree with the statement? Do you think learning will ever take place without teachers, classrooms, schools in general?
79. “A man travels the world over in search of what he needs and returns home to find it.” How far do you agree with this statement? What do you miss most about your home when you are away? If you could change three things about your home, what would they be?
80. Stereotypes are generalized descriptions that are true about all members of a certain group. Are stereotypes good or bad? Provide examples. How do they arise and where do they come from? How can they influence people?
Part II
Grammar and Vocabulary Tests
1. Choose the correct item
|1.Although she has a car, she ….. to work. |12. That’s the lady ….. got a mansion. |
|A. is walking B. walking C. walks |A. who B. whose C. who’s |
|2. Margaret is the chef ….. cooks lunch every day. |13. My cousin loves playing computer games ….. he hates watching TV |
|A. who B. which C. whose |shows. |
|3. My baby sister ….. with his toys at the moment. |A. but B. also C. and |
|A. had played B. was playing C. is playing |14. That’s the girl ….. mother is an actress. |
|4. The house ….. is over one hundred years old belongs to Mrs Davis. |A. whose B. which C. who |
|A. who B. which C. that |15. Carol doesn’t mind going to bed late, but she ….. waking up early |
|5. Sam is impatient ….. rude. |in the morning. |
|A. also B. and C. but |A. disliked B. disliking C. dislikes |
|6. 1879 was the year ….. Albert Einstein was born. |16. Yesterday I heard a joke ….. was very funny. |
|A. when B. which C. why |A. which B. who C. whom |
|7. Your new outfit ….. fabulous. |17. A: Does Angela work at the weekend? |
|A. look B. looks C. is looking |B: No, she ….. |
|8. ….. was she writing a letter to this morning? |A.doesn’t B. do C. does |
|A. Which B. What C. Who |18. The shop ….. I bought my fur coat from is closing down. |
|9. She took off his jumper ….. she was hot. |A. whose B. which C. where |
|A. because B. so C. and |19. A: Does Mr. Pickwick mow the lawn every Saturday? |
|10. A: Mary loves spicy food. |B: Yes, he ….. does. |
|B: Yes, I know. She ….. cooks Thai dishes. |A.never B. always C. rarely |
|A.never B. seldom C. always |20. Do you know ….. Amanda didn’t come to the school-leaving party? |
|11. Elvis ….. about a new computer. |A. which B. where C. why |
|A. is thinking B. thinks C. thinking | |
2. Choose the correct item
|1.A: So who …..the princess at the end of the story? |12. Although they ….. to Greece twice this year, they are going there |
|B: The brave prince. |again next month. |
|A.Is saving B. saves C. has saved |A. went B. have been C. have gone |
|2. Al always adds ….. much salt to his food. |13. Was the water warm ….. for the children to swim in? |
|A. enough B. very C. too |A. too B. very C. enough |
|3. ….. you manage to finish all your work last night? |14. Lily ….. her toys on the stairs; she’s very naughty. |
|A. Have B. Did C. Had |A. is always leaving B. had always left |
|4. I have got three pairs of shoes, none of ….. are black. |C. has always left |
|A. which B. all C. whom |15. The children ….. flowers for two hours before they realized the |
|5. By the time he had finished doing his homework, it ….. dark |time. |
|outside. |A. pick B. had been picking C. were picking |
|A. was B. was being C. is |16. Our planet ….. hotter and hotter because of global warming. |
|6. Tommy ….. some chocolate chip cookies. Don’t they smell great? |A. getting B. gets C. is getting |
|A. had just baked B. has just baked C. just baked |17. My grandparents have ….. living in the same neighbourhood for |
|7. Paul ….. a lot more now than he did when he was in his twenties. |thirty years. |
|A. is weighing B. has weighed C. weighs |A. being B. be C. been |
|8. Is this the man ….. asked you where you live? |18. As soon as he ….. the room, he realized what was going on. |
|A. which B. whom C. who |A. has entered B. was entering C. entered |
|9. That blue dress ….. Samantha perfectly. |19. We ….. plans for our trip to Ireland when you called me last |
|A. fits B. fitting C. is fitting |night. |
|10. Sue ….. a very good job and earns a lot of money. |A. had made B. were making C. made |
|A. has got B. is having C. has had |20. How long ago did she ….. work for that company? |
|11. My best friend, ….. parents come from Canada, is a film director. |A. used to B. use C. use to |
|A. whom B. whose C. which | |
3. Choose the correct item
|1. Do you remember meeting ….. Ann’s grandmother? |12. A:Where’s Nick? |
|A. the B. - C. a |B: He’s ….. to the basketball game. |
|2. Our teacher told us about ….. Second World War at the last lesson |A.been going B. been C. gone |
|of History. |13. They ….. the airport as soon as they had collected their luggage. |
|A. the B. a C. – |A.left B. leave C. are leaving |
|3. What time ….. you leave school yesterday? |14. It was ….. difficult crossword puzzle that I couldn’t finish it. |
|A. have B. do C. did |A. such a B. so C. such |
|4. The baby hasn’t been sleeping well ….. . |15. She has ….. in her studio since eight o’clock this morning. |
|A. yet B. since C. lately |A. been painting B. painted C. paint |
|5. I enjoy reading ….. Guardian newspaper every Sunday morning. |16. It was ….. boring lecture that I left before it was over. |
|A. the B. – C. a |A. such a B. so C. such |
|6. There were ….. cars in the street that we couldn’t find a parking |17.Fay’s costume was ….. original that she won the first prize. |
|place. |A. so B. such a C. such |
|A. such B. so many C. such many |18. A:Why is Dave so tired? |
|7. I’ve only ….. to the opera once. |B: Well, he ….. in the library for hours! |
|A. been B. been going C. gone |A.is studying B. has been studying C.has studied |
|8. At half past six last night we ….. dinner. |19. A:Is Catherine at home? |
|A. are having B. were having C. have |B: Yes, she’s ….. arrived. |
|9. Helen ….. a hairdresser for two years. |A.just B.since C. already |
|A. has been B. was being C. is being |20. Many different languages are spoken in ….. Europe. |
|10. The food was ….. salty I couldn’t eat it. |A. the B. - C. a |
|A. so B. such C. such a | |
|11. Would you like a cup of ….. coffee? | |
|A. a B. the C. – | |
| | |
4. Choose the correct item
|1.They said that they ….. early next morning. |11. The teacher told us that water ….. at 0 C |
|A. had been leaving B. would leave C. had left |A. froze B. freezes C. had frozen |
|2. I wish you ….. stop arguing with your sister. |12. Victoria said that she was going to the theatre the ….. week. |
|A. had B. would C. wouldn’t |A. last B. that C. following |
|3. You won’t get a visa ….. you have your passport with you. |13. I wish I ….. the aerobics class. I’ve heard it’s terrific. |
|A. if B. when C. unless |A. join B. would have joined C. had joined |
|4. Alice ….. me that she was moving to Cornwall the following year. |14. If you ….. me yesterday, I would have been able to meet you for |
|A. said B. told C. asked |lunch today. |
|5. If only I ….. more convincing at the audition! I would have got the|A. had called B. call C. called |
|part. |15. Margaret ….. going shopping on Saturday. |
|A. were B. had been C. be |A. demanded B. offered C. suggested |
|6. If you go to the bakery, ….. me some bread, please. |16. Whenever I ….. to the supermarket, I only buy fresh fruit and |
|A. buy B. will buy C. bought |vegetables. |
|7. ….. you need a plumber, contact my brother-in-law. |A. go B. will go C. am going |
|A. Would B. Had C. Should |17. Peter said he ….. meet me at the station and told me to take a |
|8. Alan ….. to drive me into the city centre. |taxi. |
|A. agreed B. threatened C. ordered |A. shall B. couldn’t C. should |
|9. Tim told me that he couldn’t ….. one twin from the other. |18. My teacher told me that I ….. stay after school as a punishment |
|A. tell B. say C. ask |for talking in class. |
|10. You can borrow the car ….. you put in some petrol before you bring|A. might B. had to C. needed |
|it back. |19. ….. I were you, I would accept his invitation. |
|A. as long as B. suppose C. unless |A. Unless B. If C. Whether |
| |20. If they ….. , I won’t bother cooking. |
| |A. aren’t coming B. will come C. won’t come |
5. Choose the correct item
|1.Emma was watering the plants while her children ….. in the garden. |11. You ….. chew gum in class. |
|A. was playing B. were playing C. played |A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t |
|2. Rachel used to ….. watching cartoons when she was young. |12. I ….. the ambulance siren wailing as I was walking through the |
|A. loving B. loved C. love |city centre. |
|3. Lucy ….. a book all night and was very sleepy in the morning. |A. heard B. was hearing C. had been hearing |
|A. is reading B. had been reading C. was reading |13. I think History is less interesting ….. Geography. |
|4. You ….. feed the dog. I have already fed it. |A. that B. of C. than |
|A. needn’t B. must C. mustn’t |14. Is Richard ….. than Steve? |
|5. First, he had dinner, then he ….. the newspaper. |A. much talented B. more talented C. as talented |
|A. had read B. was reading C. read |15. Jessica was making the beds while Mike ….. the floor. |
|6. Julia entered the room very quietly ….. she didn’t want to wake |A. was sweeping B. swept C. had swept |
|anyone up. |16. You ….. make an appointment to see a doctor. The clinic is open 24|
|A. while B. as C. so |hours a day. |
|7. The Browns ….. abroad for ten years before they moved back to |A. need B. needn’t C. mustn’t |
|England. |17. My grandfather often ….. old films. |
|A. lived B. have lived C. had lived |A. has watched B. watches C. had been watching |
|8. Molly ….. the house by the time it started to rain. |18. Have you ever ….. to Los Angeles before? |
|A. reached B. had reached C. was reaching |A. been B. went C. gone |
|9. Amanda was listening to her favourite CD when Jack ….. |19. Mark isn’t as ….. as Valerie. |
|A. came in B. have come in C. had come in |A. friendlier B. friendliest C. friendly |
|10. Alex never ….. eat vegetables when he was a teenager. |20. You ….. have a driving licence in order to drive a car. |
|A. use to B. used C. used to |A. need to B. needn’t C. must |
6. Choose the correct item
|1. Don’t come into the house with your muddy boots on, …..? |12. She is expected ….. in London at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. |
|A. will you B. do you C. won’t you |A. to arriving B. to arrive C. arriving |
|2. ….. children were invited to the Brian’s party. |13. A:When ….. your house painted? |
|A. No B. Any C. None |B:Three years ago. |
|3. Sheila prefers eating vegetables ….. eating meat. |A. Will you have B. did you have C. should you have |
|A. than B. to C. rather that |14. The new chairman of the company ….. announced next week. |
|4. How many ….. of sugar do you put in your coffee? |A. has been B. is C. will be |
|A. piles B. lumps C. drops |15. We are having our offices ….. this month. |
|5. Michael won ….. large amount of money in a competition last week. |A. redecorated B. redecorating C. to be redecorated |
|A. a B. the C.- |16.A:These cakes are delicious! |
|6. You ….. your teeth checked twice a year. |B:Do you like them? They’re made …… cherries. |
|A. shouldn’t have B. can’t have C. should have |A.by B. with the C. with |
|7. Do you know how to dance ….. tango? |17. Guess what …… this morning! A bouquet of roses! |
|A. the B. a C.- |A. is delivered B. delivered C. was delivered |
|8.A: Do you know ….. Mr Lloyd? |18.I would rather ….. a nice pair of trousers to the dance last night.|
|B: Yes, he’s my lawyer. |I felt overdressed in my gown. |
|A. a B. the C.an |A. wear B. wore C. have worn |
|9. How often do they ….. their piano tuned? |19.A:Why did you buy …… wool? |
|A.do B. did C. have |B:I’m going to knit a jumper. |
|10. You must ….. your hair cut. It’s falling in your eyes. |A.so few B. so much C. so many |
|A. had B. have C. have had |20. A:Someone is calling my name, ……? |
|11. The committee ….. a meeting once a week. |B:It must be your mother. |
|A. has B. have had C. is having |A.isn’t he B. aren’t they C. are they |
7. Choose the correct item
|1.Laura prefers socializing ….. staying home watching TV. |11. We ….. some friends to dinner tonight. Would you like to join us? |
|A. than B. instead C. to |A. will see B. have seen C. are seeing |
|2. Could you look ….. the number of a taxi company for me? |12. Could you stop ….. lies? I don’t believe a word you say. |
|A. up B. in C. out |A. saying B. telling C. talking |
|3. The plane ….. off at seven o’clock, so we must be on time. |13. If I were you, I ….. do that. |
|A. takes B. is taking C. has taken |A. didn’t B. won’t C. wouldn’t |
|4. I don’t mind being ….. plane; I’m used to it as my job involves a |14. I wish you ….. to bring the map. We wouldn’t be lost now! |
|lot of travelling. |A. remembered B. have remembered C. had remembered |
|A. in B. at C. on |15. Who ….. the company taken over by when he retired? |
|5. Try not to worry ….. it any more. Everything will be fine. |A. is B. was C. has |
|A. of B. about C. for |16. Let’s go out for a walk, ….. we? |
|6. We ….. you should tell her the truth. |A. won’t B. don’t C. shall |
|A. were thinking B. are thinking C. think |17. Jeremy had ….. clue whatsoever as to who had phoned Sandy. |
|7. Lora is my best friend! We ….. each other for years. |A. any B. no C. some |
|A. knew B. know C. have known |18. The residents were made ….. their homes by the authorities. |
|8. Jessica ….. to New York when the accident happened. |A. leave B. leaving C. to leave |
|A. was flying B. has been flying C. had been flying |19. I’d rather you ….. with me to the party tonight. I don’t fancy |
|9. I spoke to two people, neither of ….. were French. |going alone. |
|A. who B. whom C. which |A. came B. would come C. had come |
|10. Nicolas ….. in a café at present, but he has already applied for a|20. We’ve got ….. cartons of milk in the fridge. You don’t need to buy|
|new job. |any. |
|A. works B. is working C. has been working |A. several B. plenty C. hardly any |
8. Choose the correct item
|1.I think you should try …… a glass of warm milk every evening. It |12. A:Guess what! I was fined £5 for my overdue library books. |
|will help you relax. |B:You …….have returned them on time. |
|A. drink B. to drink C. drinking |A. must B. ought C. should |
|2. Motorists …… drive carefully through housing estates. |13.A:How about meeting for lunch? |
|A. need B. should C. must |B:I’d love to, but I …….do some shopping for my mother. |
|3.My mother used to tell me that it wasn’t wise …… to bed with wet |A.ought to B. need to C. can |
|hair. |14.A:……I wear a suit to the dinner party tonight? |
|A. go B. to go C. going |B:Of course, my dear. It’s a formal occasion. |
|4. A:I love going to museums on Sundays. |A.Might B. Ought to C. Need |
|B:……. do I. |15.A:I detest ……anything with peas in it. |
|A.Neither B. So C. And |B:Do you? I think they’re delicious. |
|5. A:They didn’t go on holiday this year. |A.eat B. to eat C. eating |
|B:Nor …… we. |16.You …….to go to the electricity company. I’ll pay the bill at |
|A. did B. have C. had |lunchtime. |
|6. Students ……to behave themselves in class. |A. don’t need B. didn’t have C. can’t |
|A. ought B. must C. might |17.A:What’s all that noise coming from the Adams’ house? |
|7. A:Do you have trouble ….. at night? |B:Jack must ……..his retirement. |
|B:No, not at all. I sleep like a baby. |A. have celebrated B. be celebrating C.celebrate |
|A.to sleep B. sleep C. sleeping |18.They mean …….the foundations for the new shopping centre in June. |
|8. If the weather gets any worse, the coast guard ….. issue a warning |A. laying B. to lay C. lay |
|to all ships. |19. A:Grandma, did you …….wear a uniform when you were at school? |
|A. can’t B. might C. need |B:Yes, we certainly did. |
|9. The ticket inspector made him ….. the bus because he didn’t have a |A.ought to B. need to C. have to |
|ticket. |20. Phil couldn’t …….involved in the robbery. He was with me that |
|A. getting off B. to get off C. get off |evening |
|10. She is expected ……her new shop next week. |A. be B. have been C. been |
|A. to have opened B. to open C. open | |
|11. He refused ……her use his car because she was an irresponsible | |
|driver. | |
|A. to let B. letting C. let | |
9. Choose the correct item
|1.She ….. her leg so she couldn’t go water-skiing. |11. Luggage ….. to be collected in the luggage reclaim area. |
|A. broke B. has broken C. had broken |A. are B. is C. have |
|2. I hope Natalie ….. home soon. |12. Her wedding dress was designed ….. a famous fashion designer. |
|A. will come B. comes C. is coming |A. at B. from C. by |
|3. By the time she ….. to the bus station, the bus had already left. |13. She missed her flight in the end, ….. she? |
|A. has got B. had got C. got |A. didn’t B. did C. wasn’t |
|4. A:I’ve got a high temperature. |14. I don’t know how he ever got Danny ….. to this. |
|B: I ….. you an aspirin. |A. agree B. to agree C. agreed |
|A.get B. will get C. am going to get |15. It is claimed that Joe ….. the truth all along. |
|5. If they ….. up early, I’ll make them a big breakfast. |A. is telling B. was telling C. to have told |
|A. woke B. are waking C. wake |16. She turns on the answering machine every morning before she ….. |
|6. They ….. a table before they went to the restaurant. |for work. |
|A. have reserved B. had reserved C. reserved |A. leaves B. has left C. is leaving |
|7. I ….. my lawyer on Monday. |17. We ….. for an hour before we found the perfect picnic spot. |
|A. am seeing B. will see C. see |A. had been driving B. have been driving C. were driving |
|8. A:Have you lived alone before? |18. I’m afraid I ….. late for dinner this evening. |
|B: No, but I’m ….. to it. |A. can be B. will be C. am |
|A.using B. used C. getting used |19. If your father comes home now, we ….. a pizza for dinner. |
|9. We ….. to spend the afternoon relaxing in the garden. |A. are ordering B. order C. will order |
|A. will B. are going C. should |20. He called a taxi …… he had finished packing. |
|10. A: Sorry, I’m late. |A. as soon as B. while C. when |
|B: You should be! I ….. for over an hour. | |
|A.am waiting B. was waiting C. have been waiting | |
10. Choose the correct item
|1. I had to cancel my appointment with my dentist ……the fact that I |11. …….the bad weather, he decided to go surfing. |
|couldn’t find a babysitter. |A. In spite B. Although C. Despite |
|A. since B. due to C. because |12.When Sheryl’s got her degree, she’s …… for IBS Computers. |
|2. …….Carol nor Ingrid attended the meeting. |A working B. will work C. going to work |
|A. Both B. Also C. Neither |13.Look at that dolphin! It …….jump through those hoops. |
|3.We’ll ……our first lecture at the university at this time next |A. will B. will have C.is going to |
|Monday. |14.A:Why have you packed so many jumpers? |
|A. going to attend B. have attended C. be attending |B:……..that it might snow. |
|4. I’m restless. I think ……. for a long walk. |A.For fear B. Because C. In case |
|A. I’m going B. I’ll go C. I’m going to go |15. How long will Mrs Thomson ……. giving cooking lessons by the year |
|5.It rained all morning. …….,the football match was cancelled. |2015? |
|A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. As a result |A. have been B. have C. be |
|6.The team tried hard. ……,they didn’t win the match. |16. Watching TV is often considered a waste of time. …….., TV is great|
|A. Although B. However C. Despite |company for those who live alone. |
|7.The new chef at Rico’s ……. makes the most delicious pasta dishes, |A. On the other hand B. While C. As well as |
|but also creates fabulous desserts! |17. This bookshop specializes in ……. Architecture and Engineering |
|A. not only B. as well C. in addition |books. |
|8.A:What do we use a compass for? |A. both B. also C. not only |
|B:For……..our way. |18. I wonder if he ……..ever realize how wrong he was. |
|A.to find B. finding C. find |A. is going to B. has C. will |
|9.It was ……. beautiful old building that I decided to take a picture |19. He’s a very skilful carpenter, …….he’s extremely clumsy at home. |
|of it. |A. while B. yet C. therefore |
|A. such B. so C. such a |20. My twin sister has got blonde hair …….I have got brown hair. |
|10.I won’t …….the plans for the new house by the end of next week. |A. and B. whereas C. although |
|A. be finishing B. have finished C. have been finishing | |
11. Choose the correct item
|1.It was rude ….. Emily not to call me to tell me she wasn’t coming |11. I ….. some old pictures of my parents when I was cleaning the |
|over for dinner. |basement. |
|A. of B. from C. to |A. came across B. run into C. looked through |
|2. My little sister was born ….. Christmas Day. |12. Let’s ….. the TV. I think there’s a good film on tonight. |
|A. at B. in C. on |A. switch off B. put up C. turn on |
|3. The Greens are not ….. from Thailand until next week. |13. After having a discussion for more than four hours, the executives|
|A. coming round B. coming back C. turning up |still couldn’t find a solution ….. the problem. |
|4. Why don’t we meet for lunch ….. noon? |A. of B. to C. with |
|A. on B. in C. at |14. The burglars ran out of the bank only to find themselves |
|5. We ran ….. paper at the office and had to order some more. |surrounded ….. police. |
|A. over B. after C. out of |A. around B. among C. by |
|6. The cat was hiding ….. the bed. |15. The firefighter ran ….. the burning house to save the young child.|
|A. in front of B. under C. over |A. into B. across C. out of |
|7. It was extremely generous ….. you to let us use your cottage last |16. New York is the most exciting city ….. the USA. |
|weekend. |A. in B. at C. of |
|A. from B. to C. of |17. On our way ….. Ann’s house, we stopped and bought some flowers. |
|8. The government provided the victims of the flood ….. food and |A. at B. to C. in |
|shelter. |18. The mother held out her hands and the baby walked ….. her. |
|A. by B. to C. with |A. to B. towards C. at |
|9. Due to the heavy rainstorms, the football game was ….. until next |19. We got ….. the train at Victoria Station. |
|Saturday. |A. off B. in C. at |
|A. put off B. turned down C. broken up |20. My house is ….. the supermarket and the post office. |
|10. Would you like to pay in cash or ….. cheque? |A. among B. above C. between |
|A. in B. with C. by | |
12. Choose the correct item
|1. Airline passengers ……… use mobile phones during the flight. |11. Luke was behaving ……. yesterday than he usually does. |
|A. might not B. couldn’t C. are not allowed to |A. childishly B. most childishly C. more childishly |
|2. Erik ……. stay at my house last weekend. |12. What he told us was ……shocking. |
|A. could B. was allowed to C. mustn’t |A. much B. more C. very |
|3. I wear the same size shoes ……. Angela. |13. A:Could I have a book of stamps, please? |
|A. like B. with C. as |B:Of course you …….. |
|4.A:General Clinic. How can I help you? |A.can B. could C. might |
|B:…….I speak to Dr Howard, please? |14. Which is the …….exciting city you have ever visited? |
|A.Should B. May C. Must |A. more B. less C. most |
|5. Andrea is ……. intelligent as Stacy. |15. You ………always get what you want! |
|A. as B. so C. very |A. couldn’t B. can’t C. may not |
|6. Louisa works ……a graphic artist for a company which publishes |16. Of my three daughters, only the …….is still living at home. |
|fashion magazines. |A. youngest B. young C. younger |
|A. like B. as C. for |17. William is far ……than his brother Henry. |
|7. …….going ice skating tomorrow? |A. most shy B. more shy C. shy |
|A. How about B. Let’s C. Why don’t we |18. The older he gets, the …….friendly he becomes. |
|8. Beth looks exactly ……. her mother. |A. more B. most C. least |
|A. like B. as C. by |19. I was ……..than my sister when we were young, but now she’s taller |
|9. From my window, I could see them ……to school. |than me. |
|A. walking B. walk C. walked |A. taller B. tallest C. tall |
|10. Mum, I’m sorry but I ……..take Rex for a walk right now. I’ll do it|20. I watched the children ……in the park. |
|later. |A. to play B. played C. playing |
|A. can’t B. might C. could | |
13. Choose the correct item
|1. Alan is trying to cut …..on smoking these days. |11. Everybody enjoyed the party,…..? |
|A. down B. in C. off |A. didn’t he B. didn’t they C. weren’t they |
|2. Why don’t you take….. tennis? It will help you become fitter. |12. ……you take a warm jacket with you, you’ll freeze. |
|A. on B. up C. in |A. If B. If not C. Unless |
|3. The athlete was in pain but he carried…..the race. |13. I’m sorry but I can’t work…….harder than that. |
|A. away with B. in on C. on with |A. any B. more C. less |
|4. Antony was taken……by the news! He’d never expected it. |14. It …….have been Sue you saw in Paris. She’s in New Zealand! |
|A. aback B. in C. off |A. can B. mustn’t C. couldn’t |
|5. Can you hear the birds……? Isn’t it beautiful? |15. Larry would rather……in last night. He had a terrible time at the |
|A. to sing B. sing C. singing |disco. |
|6. Jill denied……to him. |A. to stay B. have stayed C. stayed |
|A. of lying B. lying C. lies |16. Your sister is beautiful…….being intelligent. |
|7.I spent twice……much on my holiday as you did on yours. |A. furthermore B. in addition to C. as well |
|A. the B. so C. as |17. I wish it……raining. It’s been raining for a week now. |
|8. The other applicant is……experienced than Jane. |A. would stop B. stops C. stopped |
|A. much B. far C. less |18. Are you sure this jacket is the same price……that one? |
|9. I’m sorry to say he hasn’t got……better at Maths. |A. than B. as C. like |
|A. any B. more C. a bit |19. My grandmother is……..kind and generous that everyone likes her. |
|10. Jack didn’t mention it to Becky in order…..hurt her. |A. so B. very C. such a |
|A. to not B. not to C. as not |20. Why didn’t you let her……her story? |
| |A. finish B. to finish C. finishing |
14. Choose the correct item
|1. These plants need to…..every day or else they’ll die. |11. “I don’t want to go to school tomorrow.” “….. do I.” |
|A. watering B. be watered C. water |A. Not B. Neither C. So |
|2. Susan told me she……a dinner party the following Friday night. |12. It’s five o’clock. He ….. his results by now. |
|A. had B. will have C. was having |A. had B. will have had C. has been having |
|3. The film…..at 8 o’clock. |13. Kelly would prefer ….. to a restaurant rather than see a film at |
|A. beginning B. begins C. has begun |the cinema. |
|4. He…..all his money and now he can’t pay his rent. |A. going B. to go C. go |
|A. has spent B. will spend C. is spending |14. “I didn’t go to the party last night.” “….. I.” |
|5. David……with us next Christmas. |A. Neither did B. So do C. Nor do |
|A. is staying B. stays C. was staying |15. Next year Jim ….. at Oxford University. |
|6. You won’t be able to go on holiday next year……you save some money. |A would study B. will have studied C. will be studying |
|A. unless B. if C. as long as |16. I wish I ….. to Spain last summer. |
|7. I hate……to the opera. |A. went B. have gone C. had gone |
|A. to go B. go C. going |17. Robert hasn’t come to school today; he ….. be ill. |
|8. You won’t forget to ring me, …..? |A. should B. can’t C. might |
|A. are you B. will you C. won’t you |18. It was ….. cold outside that we decided to stay at home. |
|9. Miriam said she was going to the shop to buy ….. milk. |A. so B. such C. very |
|A. some B. any C. much |19. I ….. typing the letter yet. |
|10. He ….. be out because he’s not answering the telephone. |A. have finished B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished. |
|A. must B. can’t C. will |20. Adam ….. very hard this month. |
| |A. works B. has worked C. had worked |
15. Choose the correct item
|1.The black widow is ….. spider because its bite can kill a man in a |11. You’d better ….. to your parents more regularly. |
|few minutes. |A. write B. to write C. wrote |
|A.most dangerous B. the most dangerous C. more dangerous |12. The other day Dad was invited to ….. school. |
|2. I’m late, …..? |A. a B. the C. – |
|A. am not I B. am I C. aren’t I |13. When he arrived, they ….. him that his friend had phoned. |
|3. She looked out of the window. It ….. |A. said to B. said C. told |
|A. was still snowing B. still snowed C. has still been snowing |14. He made me ….. the story from the very beginning. |
|4. The Eliots …..live in the town, but now they live in the country. |A. to tell B. tell C. telling |
|A. were used to B. used to C. got used |15. What’s wrong ….. Henry? He looks really tired. |
|to |A. about B. of C. with |
|5. I’ll look ….. your children if you are busy tomorrow. |16. You ….. use your knowledge more effectively. |
|A. for B. at C. after |A. are to B. may C. should |
|6. All of ….. sudden she stopped her dinner and went out. |17. A lot of people ….. in the Tower. |
|A. a B. the C. – |A. were locked B. have been locked C. are locked |
|7. We found only ….. flowers in the wood. |18. He had ….. interest in any kind of sport. |
|A.few B. a few C. a little |A. a little B. a few C. little |
|8. Your suitcase is very heavy. I ….. help you to carry it. |19. It’s rather late. I think I ….. take a taxi. |
|A. am going to B. must C. will |A. can B. have to C. will take |
|9. A new navigation equipment ….. by our scientists now. |20. After it ….. raining, we went out. |
|A.is examining B. is examined C. is being examined |A. stopped B. has stopped C. had stopped |
|10. I wish I ….. so much money. Now I have to borrow it from my | |
|parents. | |
|A. haven’t spent B. hadn’t spent C. didn’t spend | |
16. Choose the correct item
|1. My brother…….a huge party for his birthday last Saturday. |11. If Patrick ….. the lottery, he would buy a yacht. |
|A. threw B. is throwing C. throws |A. has won B. had won C. won |
|2. Peter was angry because he……the bus. |12. It was ….. exciting book that I want to read it again. |
|A. has missed B. had missed C. misses |A. such B. so C. such an |
|3. It was……dreadful weather that we didn’t go anywhere. |13. Laura ….. to Ireland three years ago. |
|A. such a B. so C. such |A. had gone B. has gone C. went |
|4. She asked me if I…….to go to her house for coffee. |14. Alice said she ….. there for five years. |
|A. want B. have wanted C. wanted |A. was living B. had been living C. has lived |
|5. If Helen……the money, she would offer to lend it to you. |15. If I had known about the meeting, I …… . |
|A. had B. has C. had had |A. would have come B. would come C. will come |
|6. I wish you……us about your plans. Now it’s impossible for me to |16. Charles was exhausted because he ….. all day. |
|come. |A. was walking B. had been walking C. had walked |
|A. told B. had told C. have told |17. Do you fancy ….. to Jim’s party? |
|7. ….. you are ready in five minutes, I’m leaving without you. |A. going B. go C. to go |
|A. If B. Until C. Unless |18. If I were you, I ….. to him. |
|8. He works at a bank, …..? |A. will apologise B. apologise C. would apologise |
|A. does he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t he |19. You ….. wear a suit. It’s an informal meeting. |
|9. That’s the man ….. son is a famous runner. |A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must |
|A. which B. whose C. who’s |20. Portsmouth is the town ….. I was born. |
|10. I don’t mind ….. in the country. |A. at which B. where C. which |
|A. living B. live C. to live | |
17. Choose the correct item
|1.If you ….. clearly, she would have understood. | 12. If you ….. skiing, you wouldn’t have broken your leg. |
|A. explain B. has explained C. had explained |A. didn’t go B. hadn’t gone C. hasn’t gone |
|2. That’s Mike ….. brother works with me. |13. Oscar ….. for this firm for five years before he was given a |
|A. which B. whose C. who’s |promotion. |
|3. I’ll be ready by the time you ….. home. |A. had been working B. has been working C. was working |
|A. would come B. will come C. come |14. Molly begged him ….. anything. |
|4. He’s lost ….. much weight that I hardly recognized him. |A. don’t say B. to say C. not to say |
|A. so B. such C. such as |15. It’s 9 o’clock. Peter ….. his office by now. |
|5. Alan has ….. finished his homework. |A. reaches B. will reach C. will have reached |
|A. yet B. still C. already |16. Can you ….. me the way to the supermarket. |
|6. The door was opened ….. a copy of the key. |A. point B. tell C. describe |
|A. by B. from C. with |17. I can’t see you tonight because I ….. dinner with Jill. |
|7. You …… talk with your mouth full. |A. will have B. am having C. am going to have |
|A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t |18. Margaret isn’t used ….. orders. |
|8. This time next week I ….. in Cannes. |A. to take B. taking C. to taking |
|A. will be sunbathing B. will sunbathe C. will have sunbathed |19. I’ll do the shopping before I ….. to the hairdresser’s. |
|9. Diana suggested ….. at Mario’s. |A. go B. will go C. has gone |
|A. to meet B. to meeting C. meeting |20. George ….. in Atlanta for a month by next Sunday. |
|10. If you promise to behave yourself, I ….. you go to the party. |A. will have been B. will be C. is going to be |
|A. will let B. would let C. let | |
|11. Have you ….. been to Malta? | |
|A. already B. ever C. just | |
18. Choose the correct item
|1.We were rather surprised ….. the price of the dress. |11. I heard the clock ….. ten a long time ago. |
|A. of B. about C. at |A. to strike B. struck C. strike |
|2. I’d like two …… eggs. |12. Jerry’s room is ….. of all the rooms, but he can afford it. |
|A. dozen B. dozens of C. dozen of |A. so expensive B. most expensive C. the most expensive |
|3. I thought I ….. my scarf into the back of the wardrobe, but I |13. The car isn’t worth ….. . |
|couldn’t find it there. |A. repairing B. being repaired C. to be repaired |
|A. have thrown B. had thrown C. threw |14. There was nobody at home, …… ? |
|4. ….. first hand news. |A. was there B. wasn’t there C. were they |
|A. These are B. They are C. This is |15. My aunt ….. South America yet. |
|5. We need…….. |A. hadn’t been to B. hasn’t been to C. hasn’t been in |
|A. an other chair B. another chair C. another chairs |16. You ….. a lovely song when I entered the room. |
|6. I have lived in London for a long time, so I…….the traffic. |A. sang B. was singing C. were singing |
|A. quite used to B. get used C. am quite used to |17. If James ….. hard, he will pass his exams. |
|7. The detective made Mr. Andrews ….. the bill. |A. works B. will work C. has worked |
|A. to pay B. pay C. paying |18. The man is ….. least 75 years old. |
|8. Jenny kept on ….. although her husband asked her to stop. |A. in B. on C. at |
|A. talking B. talk C. to talk |19. I miss you. I wish you ….. with us. |
|9. Mom isn’t at home. She …… the shops and she’ll be back soon. |A. stay B. stayed C. to stay |
|A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in |20. We’d better ….. if we want to get there before dark. |
|10. She wasn’t able to carry all these suitcases by herself. Somebody |A. to hurry up B. hurry up C. hurried up |
|….. her. | |
|A. had helped B. must have helped C. should help | |
19. Choose the correct item
|1. It was ….. cold outdoors that I decided to stay at home. |11. I slipped away while the others ….. lunch. |
|A. so much B. such C. so |A. were having B. had C. had had |
|2. When I phoned my friend at ten o’clock in the morning, he was ….. |12. Jeremy ….. take a taxi because he was late. |
|in bed. |A. could B. was able to C. had to |
|A. already B. still C. yet |13. If Tom ….. for London by train, he will get there on Friday. |
|3. Where is Kate? I’m tired ….. waiting. |A. leaves B. will leave C. left |
|A. with B. at C. of |14. Do you mind …..? |
|4. I’m ill, …..? |A. me smoke B. my smoking C. I smoke |
|A. am I B. am not I C. aren’t I |15. You are wrong. You’d better ….. again. |
|5. She wanted John ….. beside her and hold the umbrella. |A. to try B. tried C. try |
|A. to stand B. stand C. stood |16. Edwin looks worn out. He ….. a sleepless night. |
|6. If you ….. to see Judie, ask her to phone me. |A. must have B. must have had C. can have had |
|A. would happen B. happen C. happened |17. Mr. Hay rose from the comfortable arm- |
|7. The weather is ….. it was last months. |chair in which he ….. . |
|A. as better as B. better than C. the best than |A. had been sitting B. was sitting C. sat |
|8. Emma’s daughter is good …… foreign languages. |18. What made you ….. such a stupid thing? |
|A. in B. with C. at |A. to do B. do C. have done |
|9. Will you try to find out what time ….. at the airport. |19. Nether Dad nor Mom ….. English. |
|A. does the plane arrive B. the plane arrives C. did the plane |A. don’t speak B. doesn’t speak C. speaks |
|arrive |20. Bad news ….. fast. |
|10. Could you give me ….. , please? |A. travels B. travel C. are travelling |
|A. an advice B. some advice C. a piece of advice | |
20. Choose the correct item
|1.The man’s clothes were covered in paint because he ….. his flat. |11. He was soaked to the skin because he ….. in the rain. |
|A. painted B. has painted C. had been painting |A. walked B. was walking C. had been walking |
|2. Ella ….. her grandmother this month. |12. The train to Rome ….. at 5.15 am. |
|A. didn’t visit B. hasn’t visited C. hadn’t visited |A. leaves B. will leave c. is leaving |
|3. I’m sorry I’m late. ….. long? |13. He filled in his name, signed the contract and ….. it to the |
|A. Did you wait B. Have you waited C. Have you been waiting |secretary. |
|4. Sally ….. to Paris every year. |A. has given B. had given C. gave |
|A. travels B. is travelling c. has travelled |14. Mary ….. for five years before she became a lawyer. |
|5. Andrew ….. TV when the phone rang. |A. had been studying B. had studied C. was studying |
|A. watched B. was watching C. had watched |15. Clair has been eating a lot lately; I think she ….. weight. |
|6. I ….. here since September. |A. put on B. puts on C. has put on |
|A. am B. was C. have been |16. While Mum was cooking dinner, Tina ….. the house. |
|7. Mrs. Woodland ….. her students that it was wonderful. |A. cleaned B. was cleaning C. had cleaned |
|A. said B. told C. told to |17. Anna is from Brighton but ….. in London for five years. |
|8. Geneva is one of ….. cities in the world. |A. lives B. is living C. has lived |
|A. the most modern B. the most modern of C. the modernist |18. Henry is sweaty; he ….. football for hours. |
|9. Maggie really looked better than when he ….. her last time. |A. played B. has played C. has been playing |
|A. saw B. had seen C. has seen |19. Daniel hasn’t got any spare time and ….. . |
|10. If I were you, I ….. a house in the country. |A. neither have I B. either have I C. so have I |
|A. bought B. would buy C. will buy |20. This isn’t my text-book, ….. is at home. |
| |A. my B. mine C. mine one |
21. Choose the correct item
|1.James ….. letters since he came in this morning. |11. The dinner Helen ….. for us was delicious. |
|A. was typing B. has been typing C. typed |A. cooked B. was cooked C. was cooking |
|2. Laura ….. up Christmas decorations when suddenly the Christmas tree|12. I don’t know ….. . |
|fell over and landed on top of her. |A. where is your umbrella B. where your umbrella is C. your umbrella |
|A. was hanging B. hung C. has been hanging |where is |
|3. The children ….. cartoons when their father came home. |13. The new road ….. by next August according to the Mayor. |
|A. had watched B. watched C. were watching |A. is being built B. will have built C. will have been built |
|4. Mr. Harrison said that he ….. again. |14. Inga never drinks strong coffee, …..? |
|A. will call B. would call C. would have called |A. doesn’t she B. does she C. is she |
|5. Ben needed ….. information so he decided to use the Internet. |15. Can you come ….. next time? |
|A. some B. an C. any |A. more early B. earlier C. the earliest |
|6. I ….. you if she’d left a message for you. |16. Phil asked ….. |
|A. had told B. might have told C. would have told |A. whether I was there before B. had I been there before C. if I had|
|7. She ….. a seminar on Monday so she can’t be here. |been there before |
|A. attends B. is attending C. has attended |17. I liked ….. essay you had brought the other day very much. |
|8. The helicopter ….. over the forest when we saw it. |A. an B. the C. – |
|A. flew B. was flying C. has been flying |18. My grandmother has lost her passport. |
|9.Brenda ….. hard all day, and now she is exhausted. |- When ….. it? |
|A. was working B. worked C. has been working |A. has she lost B. had she lost C. did she lose |
|10. They ….. in Toronto since 2005. |19. I saw you buying a bunch of flowers this morning. Who ….. it for? |
|A. have lived B. lived C. have been living |A. did you buy B. bought you C. had you bought |
| |20. I want ….. in touch with Sam. |
| |A. that you will get B. you to get C. you getting |
22. Choose the correct item
|1.The judge asked Julia if ….. anything to add. |12. Sarah looks very upset. Her husband wishes she ….. about their |
|A. she has B. she had C. she was having |son’s troubles. |
|2. Listen to me when I’ m ….. to you. |A. didn’t worry B. doesn’t worry C. hadn’t worried |
|A. telling B. talking C. speaking |13. Will your sister come to the party? I wish she ….. some of my |
|3. The United States ….. a rich history. |friends. |
|A. have B. has C. had |A. meets B. met C. would meet |
|4. ….. are made of bronze. |14. Sue is taking her English test tomorrow, but she doesn’t know |
|A. Pence B. Pences C. Pennies |grammar well enough. She wishes she ….. it better. |
|5. Last Saturday we went fishing, but we didn’t catch many ….. . |A. might learn B. leant C. had learnt |
|A. fish B. fishs C. fishes |15. Neither your parents nor mine can lend us some money, …..? |
|6. I’d like to buy four ….. eggs. |A. can they B. can’t they C. do they |
|A. dozen of B. dozen C. dozens |16. ….. birthday is it today? |
|7. I wish I ….. more free time these days! I really need a break. |- It’s Janet’s birthday today. She is 16. |
|A. had B. had had C. was having |A. Which B. What C. Whose |
|8. When Alan was little, he ….. his summer holidays with his |17. I didn’t know the score, but we were sure their team ….. the game.|
|grandparents. |A. has lost B. had lost C. lost |
|A. had spend B. was spending C. used to spend |18. Mike hoped that Dan ….. him with his car. |
|9. We are not making the cake ourselves. We ….. . |A. would help B. will help C. helped |
|A. have it made B. had it made C. are having it made |19. The children were afraid of making any noise, their Mom ….. . |
|10. I’d rather ….. to bed early last night. |A. slept B. was sleeping C. had been sleeping. |
|A. have gone B. went C. had gone |20. I knew that Mercury ….. the closest planet to the Sun, but I |
|11. I’d ….. you were honest with me; I hate lies. |didn’t feel like answering the question. |
|A. prefer B. like C. rather |A. was B. is C. had been |
23. Choose the correct item
|1.Don’t put the blame……me! It was Carol who broke the window! |11. I dreamt……my old teacher last night. |
|A. on B. for C. to |A. for B. of C. about |
|2. I’m sorry about my behaviour. I had no intention…..hurting you. |12. He was very polite because he wanted to make a good |
|A. of B. to C. for |impression…….the new boss. |
|3. According……the weather forecast, it’s going to rain tomorrow. |A. of B. to C. on |
|A. with B. to C. of |13. I’m fed up……his rude behaviour. |
|4. Heavy rain was the cause…..the flood. |A. of B. with C. about |
|A. for B. of C. to |14. I haven’t heard……..James for months. I wonder how he’s doing. |
|5. He insisted…….paying for dinner because it was my birthday. |A. about B. of C. from |
|A. on B. in C. about |15. Scott is an expert……ancient history. |
|6. You can always count…..me if you need help. |A. for B. with C. on |
|A. on B. for C. to |16. The man was charged…….breaking and entering. |
|7. I spent all my money……clothes and CDs. |A. about B. with C. for |
|A. for B. on C. in |17. There is no hope…….finding any more survivors of the plane crash. |
|8. The police suspect Mr Williams…….the murder. |A. of B. in C. for |
|A. of B. for C. with |18. One of the disadvantages……working part-time is that you don’t |
|9. It’s typical……her not to admit she’s made a mistake. |earn much money. |
|A. to B. from C. of |A. in B. of C. about |
|10. Don’t worry……. the invitations. Mark promised to send them |19. I have a good relationship……..my parents. |
|tomorrow. |A. between B. about C. with |
|A. about B. for C. with |20. They didn’t succeed……finishing their project on time so they |
| |didn’t get a bonus. |
| |A. to B. in C. at |
24. Choose the correct item
|1.The vase fell on the floor and broke……pieces. |11. There’s someone……the door. Can you open it, please? |
|A. into B. out C. at |A. in B. at C. on |
|2. Christine made the decorations…….herself. |12. Most children start school…….the age of five. |
|A. in B. on C. by |A. on B. out C. at |
|3. Paul is…….holiday in Mexico at the moment. |13. He works very hard when he’s…… pressure. |
|A. on B. at C. in |A. in B. under C. on |
|4. The police didn’t believe his story……first. |14. There is a lovely duck pond…….the park. |
|A. in B. on C. at |A. on B. at C. in |
|5. Many animals are……danger of becoming extinct. |15. You look tired. You should sit down….. a while. |
|A. in B. at C. under |A. out B. at C. for |
|6. The post office is…….the left, next to the bank. |16. Please fill in the form……pencil. |
|A. on B. out C. at |A. for B. in C. at |
|7. I met my neighbour……chance at the airport. |17. We went to the station……taxi. |
|A. at B. by C. for |A. by B. at C. with |
|8. The answers to the exercise are…….page 76. |18. Oranges are expensive now because they’re…….season. |
|A. at B. on C. in |A. in B. out of C. off |
|9. ……..the time I arrived, the others had gone home. |19. There is a beautiful house…….sale in that street. |
|A. In B. For C. By |A. for B. in C. under |
|10. I’d like to go out for dinner……a change. |20. The plane went……control, but the pilot managed to land it safely. |
|A. on B. for C. off |A. under B. out of C. off |
25. Choose the correct item
|1.I’ve read this poem so many times that I know it…….heart. |11. It is rude to point …… people. |
|A. from B. by C. at |A. on B. at C. with |
|2. I’m sorry but you can’t use the lift. It’s……order. |12. We were puzzled……. his strange behavior. |
|A. out of B. in C. off |A. at B. in C. by |
|3. Bob likes playing golf……his free time. |13. Tina’s baby daughter is named…… her grandmother. |
|A. on B. at C. in |A. after B. for C. by |
|4. Kate doesn’t want a cake. She’s…….a diet. |14. Take no notice…..Paul. He’s always showing off. |
|A. on B. in C. at |A. about B. from C. of |
|5. I like all vegetables; lettuce and cabbage….. particular. |15. She is very proud…..her new flat. |
|A. for B. on C. in |A. of B. about C. with |
|6. I didn’t have enough money, so I paid…… credit card. |16. These books are very popular…. children. |
|A. in B. for C. by |A. for B. with C. by |
|7. I object …… being spoken to in that manner. |17. Are you nervous…… starting your new job? |
|A. to B. of C. for |A. of B. about C. for |
|8. It didn’t occur……me to lock the windows. |18. My school is……the department store and the park. |
|A. with B. of C. to |A. between B. below C. among |
|9. What is your opinion…..Mr Green? |19. A tall man sat……me, so I couldn’t see. |
|A. for B. of C. about |A. next to B. in front of C. towards |
|10. John’s mother punished him …… being naughty. |20. What’s……this box? It’s very heavy. |
|A. for B. at C. of |A. onto B. opposite C. inside |
26. Choose the correct item
|1.I’m not very interested ….. sports. |11. Nicolas ….. his father’s car when the accident happened. |
|A. for B. about C. in D. to |A. was driving B. drove C. had driven D. has been driving |
|2. Ned tells me John’s going out with Carol, ….. I find hard to |12. She likes ….. expensive clothes. |
|believe. |A. to wear B. wearing C. having worn D. wear |
|A. that B. who C. whose D. which |13. If Violet ….. music, she wouldn’t have become a concert pianist. |
|3. Did you hear what happened to Helen last week? She ….. . |A. hadn’t studied B. didn’t study C. wouldn’t have studied D. hasn’t |
|A. is arrested B. was arrested C. was being arrested D. she has |studied |
|been arrested |14. I wish I ….. in such a cold country! |
|4.The weather has been awful. We’ve had very ….. sunshine this summer.|A. haven’t lived B. won’t live C. didn’t live |
|A. a little B. little C. a few D. few |D. don’t live |
|5. What ….. this weekend, Emily? |15. I think you ….. leave now, it’s getting late. |
|A. will you do B. are you doing C. will you be doing D. do you do |A. can B. would C. will D. should |
|6. We ….. to the new house by the end of the week, so we won’t be here|16. You ….. tell anyone about this, Brenda. It’s our secret! |
|next Sunday. |A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t have to D. mustn’t |
|A. will have moved B. will be moving C. will move D. are moving |17. By the time Sara gets here, the movie ….. . |
|7. I think Joe must ….. late tonight. His office light is still on. |A. will finish B. is going to finish C. will have finished D. will |
|A. have worked B. work C. be working D. to work |be finishing. |
|8. I like your hair. Where ….. ? |18. The police wanted to know exactly how the money ….. stolen from |
|A. did you cut it B. did you have it cut C. do you cut it D. have |the bank. |
|you cut it |A. was B. were C. has been D. had been |
|9. I was wondering ….. tell me when the next plane from Chicago |19. Is she the woman ….. husband is a prominent writer? |
|arrives. |A. which B. that C. whose D. who |
|A. could you B. can you C. if you could D. if you |20. We’ ve got ….. cartons of milk in the fridge. You don’t need to |
|10. Usually the police ….. immediately if the crime is serious. |buy any. |
|A. arrives B. arrived C. arrive D. is arriving |A. several B. plenty C. hardly any D. much |
27. Choose the correct item
|1.David said he wasn’t coming to the picnic but he turned ….. at the |11. I decided to take ….. judo for self-defense. |
|last minute. |A. up B. on C. off D. over |
|A. down B. on C. into D. up |12. We are going to set ….. on our journey at 6 a.m. |
|2. We put ….. our camping trip because Evelyn wasn’t feeling well. |A. up B. away C. off D. at |
|A. out B. off C. on D. up |13. When Kelly saw Zara’s face, she burst ….. crying. |
|3. Joe came ….. a huge amount of money when his cousin died. |A. into B. out C. over D. off |
|A. across B. round C. into D. out |14.Wherever Bob is, he always comes ….. in a good light. |
|4. Our flight was delayed, so the airline company put us ….. in the |A. across B. around C. over D. round |
|hotel for the night. |15. It was very dark but I managed to make ….. some people in the |
|A. out B. up C. off D. on |distance. |
|5. Bill ran ….. my skateboard with his motorcycle. |A. up B. with C. over D. out |
|A. after B. out of C. over D. into |16. The government should do ….. with the secret services. They’re a |
|6. Passengers are not allowed to use their mobile phones while the |waste of money. |
|plane is taking ….. . |A. out B. along C. away D. off |
|A. off B. after C. over C. up |17. We went to the station to see ….. our friends who were leaving. |
|7. A fight broke ….. just as we were leaving the match. |A. out B. off C. through D. at |
|A. out B. down C. into D. up |18. I want to create something magical but I can’t come ….. with any |
|8. If you are not sure how to spell a word, look it ….. in the |good ideas. |
|dictionary. |A. up B. out C. in D. round |
|A. for B. on C. after D. up |19. Unfortunately, many small firms are taken ….. by large ones. |
|9. I can’t do any sit-ups. I’ve run ….. energy, |A. up B. on C. after D. over |
|A. over B. out C. of D. out of |20. When the princess kissed the ugly frog, it turned ….. a handsome |
|10. Why don’t you come ….. for a cup of coffee after work? |prince. |
|A. up B. on C. round D. back |A. in B. to C. into D. at |
28. Choose the correct item
|1. “Did you enjoy the play?” |12. John’s new car is the same make….... yours. |
|“Oh yes. It was…….I’ve ever seen.” |A. of B. to C. as D. with |
|A. best play of B. one the best plays C. the best play D. the |13. We’ll contact you as soon…….a decision. |
|better play |A. we will make B. we make C. we are making D. we made |
|2. He’s…….at sport than I am. |14. “What a beautiful picture!” |
|A. bad B. the worst C. worst D. much worse |“Thanks. It’s….picture I’ve ever painted.” |
|3. Her hair is as…….as silk. |A. the better B. the best C. best D. better |
|A. softest B. softly C. soft D. softer |15. “You have to believe me.” He said I……him. |
|4. ……..the fact that it was hot outside, James wore his coat. |A. must believe B. must have believed C. had to believe D. would |
|A. Despite B. In spite C. Despite that D. In spite of that |have to believe |
|5. Liz is the same height…….Harriet. |16. I think Chris borrowed the keys yesterday but he denies…….them. |
|A. as B. to C. with D. from |A. to have seen B. to see C. that he was seeing D. having seen |
|6. “How was your dinner last night?” |17. Getting the iron repaired was cheaper…… buying a new one. |
|“It was……..I’ve ever eaten” |A. that B. to C. from D. than |
|A. the better meal B. one of the best meals C. the best meals D. |18. She is………any of the other people who applied for the job. |
|good as the meal |A. more experienced than B. most experienced of C. as experienced |
|7. They…….competitions all over the world last year. |D. the more experienced of |
|A. are entering B. had been entering C. have entered D. entered |19. He can only blame himself for failing the exam. He…….harder during|
|8. “Where’s Pauline?” |the year. |
|“She’s upstairs……..her bedroom.” |A. would have worked B. should have worked C. must work D. ought to|
|A. tidying B. to tidying C. to tidy D. for tidying |work |
|9. This bag is too heavy for me…….. . |20. ‘We came home last week.’ They said they had come home…… . |
|A. lifting B. to be lifting C. lift D. to lift |A. the week before B. the next week C. last week D. that week |
|10. ……..invite Kim and Terry for dinner tomorrow? | |
|A. How about B. Let’s C. Why don’t D. Shall we | |
|11. “Where is Brian?” | |
|“I think he’s in the garden…….the plants.” | |
|A. he waters B. watering C. is watering D. to water | |
29. Choose the correct item
|1.The room was empty but I could smell cigarettes. Somebody ….. there.|12. Have you ever thought about ….. golf? |
|A. had smoked B. was smoking C. had been smoking D. smoked |A. taking up B. setting up C. taking off D. setting off |
|2. ….. we are careful, we sometimes make mistakes. |13. Just think, this time tomorrow we ….. our English exam. |
|A. However B. Although C. In spite D. Nevertheless |A. will have written B. will be writing C. will write D. are |
|3. I’s rather he ….. English. |writing |
|A. studied B. study C. studying D. studies |14. We were so late that the show ….. before we got there. |
|4. I’s prefer ….. go out until I’ve eaten. |A. was nearly finished B. has nearly finished C. had nearly finished|
|A. don’t B. not C. didn’t D. not to |D. nearly finished |
|5. I don’t like the way she talks ….. people’s backs. |15. They ….. out for six months. |
|A. on front of B. below C. around D. behind |A. have gone B. are going C. go D. have been going |
|6. Don’t bother to ask him. He ….. . |16. I don’t know what you mean ….. “communication skills.” |
|A. isn’t answering B. wouldn’t answer C. won’t answer D. wasn’t |A. with B. by C. for D. from |
|answering |17. ….. to work, I saw an accident. |
|7. When I was young, we ….. often go to the mountains. |A. Having walked B. Walking C. Walk D. To walk |
|A. would B. did C. used D. use to |18. He encouraged ….. up our own business. |
|8. ….. the end of the year, the road will have been completed. |A. to set B. setting C. us to set D. us setting |
|A. In B. at C. When D. By |19. Have you ever considered ….. to the countryside? |
|9. I’ll do my work as soon as I ….. my tea. |A. move B. to move C. for moving D. moving |
|A. will finish B. finish C. will be finishing D. will have finished |20. There ….. anyone here. No one knows about it. |
|10. Could you tell me what ….. ? |A. mustn’t be B. can’t be C. won’t have been D. couldn’t have been |
|A. does it say B. is saying C. it says D. is it saying | |
|11. Mum’s at ….. hospital visiting our grandmother. | |
|A. a B. an C. the D. – | |
30. Choose the correct item
|1. I……go to Simon’s party last week. |11. The bride was wearing the……silk gown I’ve ever seen. |
|A. can B. may C. was allowed to |A. lovely B. lovelier C. loveliest |
|2. “Which of those boys is your brother?” |12. A: This mobile phone’s very small! |
|“He’s………of the three.” |B: Actually, it’s…….on the market. |
|A. the tall B. taller C. the tallest |A. the smallest B. smaller C. small |
|3. He got a job……..a postman, but he didn’t like it. |13. Don’t use your new bag…….a toy! |
|A. like B. as C. as if |A. like B. as C. for |
|4. The bank robbers made the cashier……. them all the money. |14. This shop assistant is…….more polite than the previous one. |
|A. to give B. giving C. give |A. far B. by far C. as |
|5. ………to have been a dancer when she was young. |15. My brother is the…….member of the chess club. |
|A. It’s believed B. She’s believed C. She believes |A. young B. younger C. youngest |
|6. Students who would like……information should contact Mr. Barnes. |16. Kevin’s injuries were…….than mine. |
|A. farther B. further C. furthest |A. badly B. worse C. bad |
|7. Our parents arrived…….than expected because their flight was |17. The thieves stole……painting from the art gallery. |
|delayed. |A. more valuable B. valuable C. the most valuable |
|A. later B. late C. latest |18. She is regarded…….the best long-distance runner in the world. |
|8. The older she gets,…….mature she becomes. |A. like B. as C. by far |
|A. the most B. more C. the more |19. She dyed her hair the same colour……..I did. |
|9. Tracey is not so……as Patricia in making cakes. |A. as B. like C. than |
|A. more skilled B. skilled C. most skilled |20. The Claptons live in a…….house than we do. |
|10. This piece of fabric is…….more expensive because it is hand-woven.|A. larger B. large C. largest |
|A. least B. half C. slightly | |
31. Choose the correct item
|1……..of the bad weather, we went to the market. |11. The painting……from the museum. |
|A.Despite B. Even though C. In spite D. Nevertheless |A. were stolen B. was stolen C. had stolen D. have been stolen |
|2. “How was the film?” |12. I can’t find my umbrella. I ……it in Joe’s car. |
|“As soon as I take off my coat,……you.” |A. must have left B. shouldn’t have left C. had to leave D. should |
|A.I’ll be telling B. I’ll have been telling C I’ll tell D. I’ll have |leave. |
|told |13. “Someone broke a chair in the library yesterday.” “Well, you……told|
|3. “Do you remember……that man before?” |the librarian.” |
|“I think I met him at Bill’s wedding.” |A. won’t have B. would have C. wouldn’t have D. should have |
|A. met B. to meeting C. to meet D. meeting |14. …….her job, Jane has to travel a lot. |
|4. I’d prefer to watch a comedy……a horror film. |A. In spite B. Due C. Because of D. As a result |
|A. rather than B. to C. that D. from |15. He earns a lot of money. ……, he cannot afford to buy a new car. |
|5. ……she was hungry, she didn’t eat lunch yesterday. |A. Although B. However C. But D. Whereas |
|A. Despite B. Because C. However D. Although |16. They……the new building by October. |
|6. “We’ve run out of milk.” |A. have finished B. will have finished C. am finished D. are finishing|
|“I…..go to the shop and get some.” |17. Do you know where the ceremony is……? |
|A.going to B. would C. will D. have |A. to hold B. been held C. being held D. holding |
|7. I’ll write to you as soon as I…..there. |18. They got to the airport on time, …… leaving home later than they |
|A. get B. got C. will get D. am getting |had planned. |
|8. If they…..soon, they’ll miss their flight. |A. despite B. in spite C. despite that D. in spite of that |
|A. aren’t leaving B. didn’t leave C. don’t leave D. won’t leave |19. James speaks……German and Italian. |
|9. That monument on the top of the hill….. hundreds of years ago. |A. also B. both C. as well as D. not only |
|A. was building B. had built C. was built D. have been built |20. They gave us……useful information that we included it all in the |
|10. “Are you going to post Tom’s birthday card?” “No, I’d rather…..it |article. |
|myself.” |A. such an B. so C. such a D. such |
|A. deliver B. delivering C. delivered D. to deliver | |
32. Choose the correct item
|1. Donald isn’t ….. to buy Rolls Royce. |11. Sally thinks she……in the country for the rest of her life. |
|A. too rich B. rich enough C. enough rich |A. will have lived B. will live C. will have been living |
|2. Our Maths teacher always…..do mental arithmetic. |12. We went to the offices of the local charity…….the money we had |
|A. made us to B. make us C. made us |collected. |
|3. His parents never let him……at home alone. |A. donating B. to donate C. donate |
|A. stay B. to stay C. staying |13. I’m not sure when I…….my next article. |
|4. He usually jogs to the gym, …….it’s quite near to his house. |A. finish B. finished C. will finish |
|A. since B. although C. however |14. She had a spare key made for fear that she…….the original one. |
|5. Don’t bother offering to help. They…… everything by now. |A. might lose B. lost C. loses |
|A. will do B. will have done C. will be doing |15. Sophia had booked a ticket in advance so that she……have to wait in|
|6. “I’m hungry.” “I……make you a sandwich.” |a queue. |
|A. going to B. need C. will |A. won’t B. wouldn’t C. couldn’t |
|7. Next month, Duncan……a meeting in Belgium. |16. Will Carol……to the chemist’s this morning? I need some vitamins. |
|A. is attending B. will have attending C. attends |A. be going B. have gone C. be gone |
|8. I…….my daughter her great-grandmother’s antique necklace for her |17. I can’t finish this crossword puzzle. Will you……me with it, |
|birthday. |please? |
|A. will have given B. am going to give C. will have been giving |A. have helped B. be helping C. help |
|9. This time next Friday, we……Mount Fuji. |18. Frank……become a fireman when he finishes school. |
|A. will climb B. will be climbing C. are going to climb |A. is going to B. will be C. will have |
|10. We hope our grandson……the championship next year. |19. A:Why do you keep your jewellery in a safe? |
|A. will win B. will have won C. will be winning |B:……..to have it stolen. |
| |A.For B. In case C. So as not |
| |20. People ….. the world was flat. |
| |A. used to believe B. were used to believe C. are used to believing |
33. Choose the correct item
|1. Have an extra sandwich for lunch in case we ……..have time to eat |11. The conservation of plants and animals ….. the protection of seas |
|later. |and lakes are among the aims of most ecological groups. |
|A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t |A. as well as B. also C. in contrast |
|2…….I have never been to the opera, I’d really love to attend a |12. He is probably one of the most famous authors of our times….., he |
|performance. |leads a simple life and avoids the public eye. |
|A. Even though B. Yet C. Besides |A. Despite B. Nevertheless C. Therefore |
|3. Paris is not only the centre of European fashion, ……also a |13. My grandfather is quite old. ……, he is in great shape. |
|cosmopolitan city which never sleeps. |A. As well B. Still C. While |
|A. but B. yet C. nor |14. Marco Polo will be remembered for ….. trade between Asia and |
|4. More and more people are becoming aware of the dangers facing our |Europe. |
|planet. ……, we still have a lot of work to do before our environment |A. establish B. establishing C. to establish |
|is safe again. |15. They were reluctant ….. us the money. |
|A. Neither B. In spite of the fact that C. On the other hand |A. to lend B. lending C. lend |
|5. …….his inexperience, he wasn’t able to find a job easily. |16. Now that Anne has been promoted she’s got a lot of work …… with. |
|A. Besides B. Owing to C. Although |A. deal B. dealing C. to deal |
|6. She……knows how to use a computer nor wants to learn. |17. I’ll never forget …… my first book. |
|A. neither B. either C. both |A. to publish B. publish C. publishing |
|7. …….Athens and Mexico City have big problems with traffic and |18. It’s your own fault you crashed the car. You ….. been driving so |
|pollution. |fast. |
|A. Although B. Both C. While |A. might not have B. may not have C. shouldn’t have |
|8. Fewer and fewer people are using non-recyclable products………, our |19. We ….. finish the project by Friday or else we’ll lose the client.|
|cities are not as polluted as they used to be. |A. needn’t B. have to C. might |
|A. Therefore B. But C. However |20. ….. you hang up your clothes, they’ll get creased. |
|9. Mrs. Cooper enjoys going to the opera…… her husband doesn’t. |A. If B. Unless C. Providing |
|A. moreover B. since C. whereas | |
|10. Mr. Barnaby can be a bit stubborn at times. ……., he is a very | |
|friendly man. | |
|A. So B. Despite C. However | |
34. Choose the correct item
|1.The house in ….. we live was built in the 18th century. |11. Not only ….. brilliantly but he’s also a great actor. |
|A. where B. which C. that D. what |A. he does sing B. does he sing C. he sings D. he can sing |
|2. I’ll never forget ….. this song for the first time. |12. The film was made ….. location. |
|A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. hearing |A. in B. from C. on D. with |
|3. Don’t shout at them! Why don’t you just look …..? |13. It was …..sad film, it made me cry. |
|A. after B. them after C. after them D. after they |A. such a B. so sad C. really a D. incredibly |
|4. ….. staying at the hotel last year, we decided to go there again. |14. The children here are very special. ….. has got a unique talent. |
|A. Enjoying B. Having enjoyed C. Had enjoyed D. Had been enjoying |A. Every B. All C. Each D. Any |
|5. He let ….. with a warning. |15. ….. to be the oldest skeleton ever found. |
|A. them go B they go C. they to go D. them to go |A. It is thought B. It has thought C. It thinks D. It thought |
|6. I’m not used ….. up so early. |16. These forms need ….. in before you go home. |
|A. to get B. getting C. to getting D for getting |A. be filled B. being filled C. to fill D. to be filled |
|7. I wish John ….. talking on his phone. It’s so annoying! |17. I don’t mind ….. to work late. |
|A stopped B. could stop C. would stop D. did stop |A. to be asked B. asking C. be asked D. being asked |
|8. If only I ….. up so late last night. |18. We ….. not to be late. |
|A didn’t stay B. hadn’t stayed C. haven’t stayed D. wouldn’t stay |A. told B. were told C. were telling D. will tell |
|9. Despite ….. the answers, Karen failed her exam. |19. We won’t be able to afford a holiday this year ….. I get a better |
|A. know B. to know C. knowing D. she knew |job. |
|10. If I hadn’t become a journalist, I ….. here now. |A. if B. provided C. unless D. as long as |
|A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wasn’t D. hadn’t been |20. ….. of the people I know like this kind of music. |
| |A. None B. No C. Any D. No one |
35. Choose the correct item
|1.Dogs are very loyal pets. ….., they can guard your property. |11. I will call ….. at the chemist’s on my way home. |
|A. Because B. Even though C. What is more |A. in B. out C. over |
|2. She’s a very clever woman, …..? |12. ….. you finished that report yet? |
|A. us she B. isn’t she C. doesn’t she |A. Did B. Have C. Haven’t |
|3. The captain ordered the cases ….. . |13. The clothes ….. in the watching machine. |
|A. to have loaded B. to be loaded C. to be loading |A. is B. was C. are |
|4. The men were walking ….. the street. |14. We were disappointed ….. the hotel. It wasn’t very nice. |
|A. along B. towards C. over |A. about B. with C. for |
|5. I went to the doctor’s ….. I felt ill. |15. I was conscious ….. somebody following me. |
|A. due to B. so C. because |A. of B. with C. for |
|6. She was very excited ….. her birthday party. |16. He was offered a job in America, but he turned it ….. . |
|A. about B. with C. for |A. down B. up C. off |
|7. There was no connection ….. the two robberies. |17. ….. do you go to the cinema? |
|A. of B. with C. between |A. How B. How long C. How often |
|8. We all like chocolate ….. Andrew, who hates it. |18. ….. is Claire talking to? |
|A. although B. but C. apart from |A. What B. Who C. Whose |
|9. You haven’t seen Tony today, …..? |19. Being a parent calls …… a lot of patience. |
|A. have you B. haven’t you C. did you |A. in B. for C. out |
|10. I turned ….. the volume to hear my favourite song. |20. I have got an interview ….. Monday afternoon. |
|A. on B. up C. down |A. A. at B. on C. in |
36. Choose the correct item
|1…… is someone at the door. |11. She is always jealous ….. other people. |
|A.It B. He C. There |A. to B. of C. for |
|2. He made this table ….. |12. ….., we heard a loud noise. |
|A. herself B. himself C. itself |A. Sudden B. Suddenly C. More suddenly |
|3. She took ….. sewing in order to keep busy. |13. The ball hit me in ….. eye. |
|A. down B. up C. off |A. my B. the C. one |
|4. By the time they came, ….. was too late to go out. |14. My house is very ….. the post office. |
|A. they B. it C. there |A. near B. nearly C. nearest |
|5. The ….. bicycles are in the garden, where they left them. |15. I woke up so late that I ….. had time for breakfast. |
|A. boys B. boy’s C. boys’ |A. harder B. hard C. hardly |
|6. The pillows on my bed are very ….. . |16. Jane is much ….. than her sister. |
|A. soft B. softly C. softer |A. pretty B. prettier C. prettiest |
|7. He wrote out a cheque …..100$. |17. Alan is ….. tall as his father. |
|A. to B. of C. for |A. much B. a lot C. as |
|8. There’s a big difference …… independence and selfishness. |18. I’m standing ….. the manager while she is away. |
|A. about B. of C. between |A. up to B. for C. in for |
|9. Have you seen ….. wallet? I can’t find it anywhere. |19. I wore the ….. clothes I could find. |
|A. your B. my C. our |A. smartest B. smarter C. smart |
|10. James takes ….. his father in looks . |20. They ….. have given me a lift home, but they did. |
|A. after B. down C. off |A. should B. needn’t C. must |
37. Choose the correct item
|1. “I’m thinking of ….. a new bath instead.” |11. “That was a wonderful meal.” |
|“That’s a good idea.” |“Yes. I’m impressed ….. the quality of the food in this restaurant.” |
|A.have B. to have C. having |A.about B. of C. by |
|2. “Tomorrow’s game is very important.’ |12. “Where would you like to go on holiday?’ |
|“I know. The team ….. training hard at the moment.” |“I would love to go to ….. Egypt.” |
|A.were B. is C. was |A.the B. – C. an |
|3. “You are good friends with Sue, aren’t you?” |13. “ I don’t like the shed in out garden.” |
|“Oh, yes. We’ve never fallen ….. about anything.” |“Why don’t you ….. it taken down?” |
|A.out B. in with C. for |A.having B. had C. have |
|4. “I’m fed up ….. my job!” |14. “Do you like these trousers?” |
|“Why don’t you find something else, then?” |“No. I prefer the black ….. .” |
|A.of B. with C. for |A.one B. ones C. an |
|5. “I thought you didn’t have any money.” |15. “Suppose you ….. a million pounds, what would you do with it?” |
|“Actually, I found ….. money in my jacket pocket.” |“I’ll spend it all!” |
|A.some B. an C. a |A.win B. won C. had won |
|6. “Why are you so late?” |16. “What are you doing tonight?” |
|“I was helping my brother to set ….. his tent in the garden.” |“I don’t know. I can’t make ….. my mind!” |
|A.out B. up C. back |A.up B. out C. in |
|7. “I don’t like to rely ….. other people.” |17. “Let’s have pizza for lunch.” |
|“No. It’s important to be independent.” |“Actually, I would rather ….. a burger.” |
|A.to B. at C. on |A.had B. to have C. have |
|8. “Pete is recovering from his injuries.” |18. “Do you like your new job?” |
|“Yes. I went to ….. hospital to visit him yesterday.” |“ Yes. I’m enjoying it ….. it is very tiring.” |
|A.a B. the C. – |A.whereas B. even though C. despite |
|9. “Why have you taken the second job?” |19. “Can I go to the park?” |
|“I need the money. I’ve fallen ….. with my mortgage payments.” |“You can’t go ….. you have done your homework.” |
|A.out B. for C. behind |A.until B. if C. after |
|10. “Your hair is too long.” |20. “ ….. you are tired, I’ll wash the dishes.” |
|“I know. I ….. it cut tomorrow.” |“Thank you.” |
|A.will be having B. am having C. have |A.Because of B. Since C. Due to |
38. Choose the correct item
|1.This record reminds me ….. my youth. |12. He asked her …… she had any experience in banking. |
|A. of B. into C. with |A. why B. that C. if |
|2. I haven’t heard ….. Katie since she moved away. |13. This is the man ….. car was stolen last week. |
|A. of B. to C. from |A. which B. who C. whose |
|3. She ….. him that she would be late. |14. The table ….. he bought had been damaged. |
|A. tells B. said C. told |A. that B. what C. whose |
|4. The reason ….. he left is that he felt ill. |15. I ….. good morning to him, but he ignored me. |
|A. why B. who C. when |A. say B. said C. told |
|5. He ran ….. the thieves, but they ran away. |16. He ….. for breaking the window. |
|A. across B. after C. away |A. admitted B. apologized C. accused |
|6. The girl ….. lives next door wants to be a singer. |17. My pen has run ….. ink, so I can’t finish this letter. |
|A. which B. who C. where |A. out of B. away C. into |
|7. Excuse me, could you ….. me the way to the bank, please?” |18. She was astonished ….. the number of presents she received. |
|A. tell B. ask C. say |A. about B. at C. with |
|8. She …… that he was always taking her things. |19. If we can’t find a hotel, I’m sure Bill will put us ….. |
|A. complained B. denied C. boasted |A. out B. up C. down |
|9. I can’t decide ….. which outfit to wear. |20. Mark put ….. some good ideas at today’s meeting. |
|A. from B. of C. on |A. up B. back C. forward |
|10. The security guards prevented us ….. entering the building. | |
|A. to B. from C. of | |
|11. They ….. to hit us if we didn’t give them the money. | |
|A. offered B. threatened C. suggested | |
39. Choose the correct item
|1. …….you have already made plans, we can go to the supermarket this |12. ……..you need any help, give me a call. |
|afternoon. |A. Would B. Will C. Should |
|A. Would B. Should C. Unless |13. If the museum is open tomorrow, we……. to the exhibition. |
|2. If I……..now, I won’t be late for work. |A. will go B. have gone C. would go |
|A. will get up B. had got up C. get up |14. If he hadn’t fought with his boss, he……. his job. |
|3. Were he more sensitive, he…….have said such a horrible thing. |A. wouldn’t have lost B. don’t lose C. will lose |
|A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t |15. ……..you need any more information, ask John. |
|4. I don’t know if Carol…….to sell the house. |A. Will B. Should C. Would |
|A. will agree B. agrees C. should agree |16. There are four boats in the harbour, ……. can carry passengers. |
|5. When you…….an onion, your eyes water. |A. two of them B. the two C. two of which |
|A. could peel B. had peeled C. peel |17. Although it was light outside, it was still…….early to get up. |
|6. If I got lost in the forest, I……..a compass to help me find my way.|A. too B. so C. much |
|A. would have used B. would use C. will use |18. ….. knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it. |
|7. If we…….now, we’ll catch the last bus. |A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody |
|A. had left B. leave C. left |19. They……..their guests a map to show them how to get to party last |
|8. If you hadn’t eaten all those sweets, you……. stomach ache. |week. |
|A. won’t have B. don’t have C. wouldn’t have |A. had given B. gave C. were given |
|9. ……..she been more careful, she wouldn’t have broken her arm. |20. I ……..you were from Australia. You haven’t got an Australian |
|A. Were B. Had C. Should |accent. |
|10. I wish Sandra…….let me use her computer. |A. haven’t known B. don’t know C. didn’t know |
|A. would B. could C. might | |
|11. If you…….more experienced, you would have got the job. | |
|A. would have been B. could be C. had been | |
40. Choose the correct item
|1. Graham really upsets me! He ….. at me. |11. Thousands of people ….. to renew their passports for months. |
|A. always is laughing B. is always laughing C. laughing always D. |A. are said to be waiting B. are said to wait C. said to be waiting |
|always has laughed |D. are said to have been waiting |
|2. That is the funniest film I….. . |12. “Did you go to the post office today?” |
|A. have ever seen B. saw C. have never seen D. am seeing |“No. I didn’t have ….. time.” |
|3. This cathedral is reported ….. by Christopher Wren. |A. too much B. many C. much of D. enough |
|A. to design B. to being designed C. to have been designed D. have |13. “When was the last time you……..at this restaurant?” |
|been designed |“A year ago.” |
|4. I bought some flowers for the woman….. husband fixed my car last |A. was eating B. ate C. have eaten D. had eaten |
|week. |14. Andy….. toothache. |
|A. whose B. who has C. who’s D. whose is |A. was having B. has C. is having D. having |
|5. “Do you need any help?” |15. The garage isn’t ….. to fit two cars inside. |
|“No thanks. Paul….. with this project.” |A. enough big B. too big C. so big D. big enough |
|A. helps me B. is helping me C. helps to me D. gives help to me |16. The hospital….. I was born was knocked down years ago. |
|6. “Alison….. to take her umbrella, so she got wet.” |A. where B. whose C. there D. that |
|A. forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. was forgetting |17. Alex ….. an expert in financial matters now. |
|7. “Have you been to the new Italian restaurant?” |A. supposes to be B. is supposed to be C. is supposed to being D. |
|“Yes, I….. there last week.” |was supposed to have been |
|A. had gone B. have gone C. went D. was going |18. I ….. to China, but I’d really like to go there. |
|8. “Does Angela live in Liverpool?” |A. had never been B. had ever been C. have never been D. never being |
|“Yes, she ….. .” |19. “What was that noise?” |
|A. does live B. lives C. is living D. does |“Oh, I …….some boxes in the attic.” |
|9. ….. they got home, John had already left. |A. am moving B. did move C. was moving D. moving |
|A. By when B. Until the time C. As soon as D. By the time |20. By the time they closed the shop, they….. all the sandwiches. |
|10. Blackhill Football Club,….. coach was a professional footballer, |A. would have sold B. had been sold C. had sold D. sold |
|won the league trophy last weekend. | |
|A. which B. its C. whose D. that | |
41. Choose the correct item
|1.“What are your plans for the summer?” |11. “Please knock before ….. the room.” |
|“I ….. with my cousins in the country.” |“I will.” |
|A.will have stayed B. will stay C. am going to stay |A to enter B. entering C. enter |
|2. Tina ….. to be preparing for her entrance exams. |12. “Where have you been?” |
|A. says B. said C. is said |“I went to the bank ….. some money.” |
|3. “Did you see Jason yesterday?” |A getting B. to get C. get |
|“No, but I ….. him this evening.” |13. “You’d better ….. your homework before dinner.” |
|A.will probably see B. will have seen C. will have been seeing |“Okay. I’ve almost finished it.” |
|4. “The children’s party finishes at 6 o’clock.” |A finish B. to finish C. finishing |
|“Okay. I ….. them up on my way home.” |14. “Do you like my new jacket?” |
|A will be picking B. will pick C. pick |“Yes. It’s very similar ….. mine, actually.” |
|5. “Are you ready to go?” |A at B with C to |
|“Yes. I ….. in a few minutes.” |15. “I got lost on the way to the theatre.” |
|A will be leaving B. am leaving C. will leave |“If you had taken the map, you ….. lost.” |
|6. “I’m exhausted.” |A wouldn’t have got B. won’t get C. wouldn’t get |
|“You’ll soon get used to ….. long hours.” |16. “Did you enjoy your stay in the hotel?” |
|A have worked B. working C. work |“Yes. They were ….. friendly people that we felt very welcome.” |
|7. “What are you thinking about?” |A such a B. so C. such |
|“My holiday. This time next week I ….. in the Seychelles.” |17. “Daniel is ill at the moment.” |
|A will be relaxing B. will relax C. am relaxing |“Yes. He’s suffering ….. a very bad cold.” |
|8. “I saw the lightning ….. the tree last night.” |A of B. from C. for |
|“Yes, it was a terrible storm, wasn’t it?” |18. “If I ….. enough time, I would visit you every day.” |
|A hitting B. to hit C. hit |“Don’t worry. Once a week is enough.” |
|9. “I would like ….. for a picnic tomorrow.” |A had B. have C. have had |
|“That’s a good idea.” |19. “You’d better ….. to Paul this week.” |
|A going B. go C to go |“I’ve already written him a letter.” |
|10. “How long has Emily worked for that company?” |A write B. wrote C. to write |
|“She ….. there for two years by the end of this month.” |20. “I depend ….. public transport to get to work.” |
|A will have been working B. has been working C. will work |“You ought to save up and buy a car.” |
| |A to B. at C. on |
42. Choose the correct item
|1.The test papers ….. now. |12. Mark and Louise……..for five hours when they stopped to eat lunch. |
|A were handed out B. are being handed out C. are handed out |A. have been travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling |
|2. We were surprised ….. his reaction to the news. |13. How long ago……..working for this company? |
|A. of B. for C. at |A. have you started B. did you start C. had you started |
|3. They have got a huge house. They ….. be rich. |14. Sally ………all the housework by the time I got home. |
|A. needn’t B. can C. must |A. has done B. did C. had done |
|4. ….. you open the window, please?” |15. Mary…….on the phone all morning and hasn’t done any work. |
|A. Can B. Shall C. Must |A. has been talking B. was talking C. talked |
|5. I insist on my money ….. immediately. |16. Susie was watering the plants while her mother…….an apple pie. |
|A. to be refunded B. be refunded C. being refunded |A. was making B. has been making C. had made |
|6. They……for a table for an hour before they finally got seated. |17. A: How long has Stacy been writing poetry? |
|A. were waiting B. have been waiting C. had been waiting |B: …….she was 16 years old. |
|7. My jar is nearly empty! Someone……my coffee! |A. Until B. Since C. When |
|A. had been drinking B. was drinking C. has been drinking |18. Samuel……the house when the phone started ringing. |
|8. Dr Adams……three patients so far. |A. has just entered B. had just entered C. entered |
|A. had seen B. has seen C. saw |19. Janine was driving in the countryside with her friends when the |
|9. ……the boys had finished their homework, their father took them to |storm ……. . |
|the baseball game. |A. was breaking B. had broken C. broke |
|A. After B. Until C. By the time |20. He …….the newspaper, then he went to bed. |
|10. By the time they……at the airport, their plane had already taken |A. read B. had read C. was reading |
|off. | |
|A. had arrived B. were arriving C. arrived | |
|11. A: Why are you so tired? | |
|B: I………..basketball with my friends. | |
|A. have been playing B. was playing C. had been playing | |
43. Choose the correct item
|1.I ….. tidy my room today. My mother said so. |11. They teased Colin ….. his new haircut. |
|A. can B. must C. have to |A. of B. for C. about |
|2. ….. you help me with the cooking, please? |12. The windows ….. once a month. |
|A. Will B. Shall C. Should |A. was cleaned B. are cleaned C. are being cleaned |
|3. The new stadium ….. last month by the mayor. |13. Your report must ….. by Friday evening. |
|A. had been opened B. was opened C. opened |A. have finished B. being finished C. be finished |
|4. My teeth ….. by the dentist tomorrow. |14. Mary ….. to Singapore at 3p.m. tomorrow morning. |
|A. are being checked B. are checked C. will have checked |A. flies B. will fly C. is flying |
|5. Mike has applied ….. a new job. |15. They ….. in that house for five years. |
|A. to B. at C. for |A. have lived B. lived C. are living |
|6. The bills ….. by Friday. |16. They often ….. on holiday abroad when they were single. |
|A. will have been paid B. are paid C. are being paid |A. go B. went C. had gone |
|7. They are giving ….. a CD with that magazine this month. |17. Fay ….. every day for the last six months. |
|A. out B. away C. off |A. exercises B. is exercising C. has been exercising |
|8. Tom ….. run very fast when he was twenty. |18. My cousin works ….. a law firm. |
|A. can’t B. should C. could |A. at B. on C. for |
|9. You ….. walk on the grass in the park. |19. Dad ….. to work by the time I woke up. |
|A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t |A. has already gone B. had already gone C. went |
|10. The fire went ….. very quickly last night. |20. World War II broke ….. in 1939. |
|A. out B. after C. off |A. out B. up C. down |
44. Choose the correct item
|1.They ….. for three hours when they stopped for a rest. |11. I’m tired. I’m not going out ….. evening. |
|A. have been driving B. had been driving C. were driving |A. in this B. this C. that |
|2. Computers ….. more and more efficient. |12. Mr. Duncan ….. a millionaire now. |
|A. are becoming B. were becoming C. become |A. says to be B. is said to be C. is said to have been |
|3. Ed ….. Sally when I saw him. |13. Liza’s hair isn’t ….. Catherine’s. |
|A. is talking B. was talking C. talked |A. so long B. as long as C. such long as |
|4. Paul ….. very hard at the moment. |14. Are these keys …..? |
|A. works B. has been working C. is working |A. yours B. your C. you |
|5. Jason ….. Amanda since he was five years old. |15. He’s a very ….. man. |
|A. has known B. knows C. have known |A. old interesting B. interesting and old C. interesting old |
|6. I ….. Italian for two years now. |16. Richard kicked the ball ….. the field. |
|A. am learning B. was learning C. have been learning |A. between B. across C. over |
|7. Jane ….. while Sam was watering the plants. |17. All the players shook hands ….. of the match. |
|A. cooked B. was cooking C. has been cooking |A. in the end B. at the end C. at the finish |
|8. This is the man ….. dog I look after sometimes. |18. It’s getting ….. colder. I think it’s going to snow. |
|A. whose B. who’s C. which |A. more B. colder and C. so |
|9. It’s no use ….. the hedges cut until next month. |19. The sea is ….. in this area. |
|A. have B. to have C. having |A. quite clean B. quiet clean C. quite a clean |
|10. Our friends ….. playing a game. |20. There are ….. letters on the table. |
|A. said B. told C. suggested |A. not B. any C. some |
45. Choose the correct item
|1. Don’t drop it, ….. ? |11. If I didn’t like you, I ….. to your party last week. |
|A. will you B. shall you C. do you D. don’t you |A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone C. wouldn’t go D. wouldn’t have gone|
|2. Let’s move ….. and discuss something else. |12. I think ….. ring John to see how he is. |
|A. up B. over C. on D. round |A. I better B. I would better C. I had better D. I should better |
|3. These clothes were expected ….. by people under twenty only. |13. A new cinema ….. at the moment. |
|A. to wear B. to be worn C. to be wearing D. to have worn |A. is being built B. is building C. is built D. builds |
|4. I find it difficult to live ….. my parents expectations. |14. They warned us ….. so fast. |
|A. down on B. up to C. out of D. through |A. not drive B. not to drive C. not driving D. don’t drive |
|5. Oh! Thank you but you ….. any food. We’ve got plenty. |15. I wish I ….. understand this book. |
|A. needn’t have brought B. didn’t need to bring C. needn’t bring D.|A. can B. did C. would D. could |
|didn’t need to have brought |16. You’ve been here all day. You ….. the washing up at least. |
|6. The climate in Europe is ….. than the climate in North Africa. |A. could have done B. could do C. would have done D. would do |
|A. temperate B. more temperate C. most temperate D. temporary |17. Larry accused us ….. spoiling the whole day for everyone. |
|7. I ….. have finished earlier but I didn’t want to. |A. for B. on C. of D. with |
|A. might B. may C. can D. could |18. On the ….., results have been positive. |
|8. It’s ….. of my business but isn’t this the wrong house? |A. all B. main C. general D. whole |
|A. not B. any C, nothing D. none |19. Did you remember ….. the door? |
|9. The house ….. fields so it is very quiet. |A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. for locking |
|A. looks into B. looks out of C. backs onto D. backs up to |20. This is the friend ….. I was telling you about. |
|10. This is the factory ….. products are sold in India. |A. about who B. about whom C. who D. which |
|A. which B. that C. what D. whose | |
46. Choose the correct item
|1. John fell…….his bicycle and hurt his knee. |12. I often……games with my sister when I was a child. |
|A. off B. around C. down |A. have played B. was playing C. played |
|2. James is by far……athlete in the school. |13. The lesson starts…..three o’clock this afternoon. |
|A. the good B. best C. the best |A. on B. at C. in |
|3. It was a……idea to have a party for your birthday. |14. I’ve got time tomorrow, so I…….the shopping if you like. |
|A. best B. good C. well |A. will do B. am doing C. have done |
|4. I’m not sure…..David lives. |15. You …..me! |
|A. where B. wherever C. when |A. always criticises B. are always criticising C. always are |
|5. ……..sugar shall I add to the cake mixture? |criticising |
|A. How often B. How many C. How much |16. I’ve bought……..bread at the baker’s this morning. |
|6. The boys are playing football…….Saturday. |A. an B. some C. a |
|A. on B. in C. at |17. Are these your chocolates? May I have …..., please? |
|7. Hang the picture on the wall, …….the fireplace. |A. it B. ones C. one |
|A. between B. under C. above |18. ……..my bedroom and the bathroom are painted white. |
|8. If you…….the money, where would you go? |A. Both B. all C. Neither |
|A. have B. had C. would have |19. They insisted on their photographs ……. immediately. |
|9. Can I have…….envelope, please? |A. developed B. be developed C. being developed |
|A. an B. a C. – |20. …….., they painted the ceiling, then they did the walls. |
|10. You ……tidy your room more often. |A. First of all B. Then C. Finally |
|A. didn’t need to B. mustn’t C. must | |
|11. At eight o’clock in the morning, they…… breakfast. | |
|A. have been having B. were having C. have had | |
47. Choose the correct item
|1. They moved to this town……1992. |12. …….I got home, the children were already asleep. |
|A. at B. on C. in |A. By the time B. Until C. By |
|2. It’s very dark when you drive…….a tunnel. |13. I know someone…….lives on a farm. |
|A. onto B. down C. through |A. which B. whose C. who |
|3. Mr. Jones has a meeting…….three o’clock this afternoon. |14. We will go to the restaurant……the play is over. |
|A. at B. in C. on |A. while B. whenever C. when |
|4. There is a secret door……the bookcase. |15. They left early……be late for the competition. |
|A. across B. at C. behind |A. in order that B. so as not to C. in case |
|5. I found my keys……the sofa. |16. Take your umbrella…….it rains later. |
|A. under B. between C. among |A. in order not to B. so that C. in case |
|6. The thief climbed…….the wall and escaped. |17. …….she went to bed late, she wasn’t tired the next day. |
|A. into B. over C. near |A. But B. Although C. Despite |
|7. They are having a party……Saturday night. |18. “Why didn’t you go to the party?” |
|A. at B. in C. on |“Because……of my friends was invited.” |
|8. The woman walked……the house and got into her car. |A. both B. either C. none |
|A. out of B. over C. along |19. “You don’t need to buy a new skirt. You have lots already.” |
|9. She is……pretty child! |“I know, but……of them fits me anymore.” |
|A. such a B. so C. such an |A. none B. all C. both |
|10. He had…….much experience that they gave him the job. |20. We are really looking forward to ….. you again. |
|A. so B. such an C. such |A. see B. seeing C. be seen |
|11. I didn’t sleep very well……the storm last night. | |
|A. because of B. because C. as | |
48. Choose the correct item
|1. “How many people do you work with?” |11. “How often do you go to the gym?” |
|“Only two, but…….of them have more experience than I do.” |“I usually go……..day.” |
|A. either B. all C. both |A. everything B. everywhere C. every |
|2. “Mum, did you make a chocolate cake today?” “Well, I made two |12. “Is there a problem?” |
|cakes, but…….of them was chocolate.” |“No, don’t worry. ……..is fine.” |
|A. neither B. both C. either |A. Everywhere B. Every C. Everything |
|3. “Have you got any brothers?” |13. “Where’s Melanie?” |
|“I’ve got two. ……of them are older than me.” |“She…….in her bedroom, I think.” |
|A. Either B. Both C. All |A. studied B. is studying C. studies |
|4. “Has Jim gone out again?” |14. “I think I’m getting a cold.” |
|“Yes. He’s been out……..night this week.” |“You……..take a lot of vitamin C.” |
|A. every B. everything C. everywhere |A. ought to B. can C. may |
|5. “Do I have to tidy my room?” |15. “That’s an unusual tablecloth.” |
|“Yes. There are clothes and toys …….!” |“Yes. It …….by my grandmother.” |
|A. everyone B. everywhere C. every |A. makes B. is made C. was made |
|6. “Where shall I put the shopping?” |16. “What are your plans for the future?” |
|“Put……in the kitchen, please.” |“Well, by the time I’m thirty, I hope I……my own house.” |
|A. everything B. everywhere C. everybody |A. will have been buying B. will have bought C. have bought |
|7. “Have you found your keys yet?” |17. “When did you call Simon?” |
|“No. I’ve looked……., but I can’t find them.” |“I called him…….I had put the shopping away.” |
|A. everything B. everywhere C. every |A. after B. by the time C. while |
|8. “Did you buy a new skirt?” |18. “I…….finish that computer game yesterday.” “Well done. It’s a |
|“No. I looked in……shop in town, though.” |really difficult game.” |
|A. everything B. everywhere C. every |A. can B. was able to C. could |
|9. “Who is coming to your party?” |19. “You look nice today. What’s different?” |
|“I’ve invited……..I know.” |“Actually, I…….my hair cut.” |
|A. everything B. everyone C. everywhere |A. was having B. have C. have had |
|10. “The children must have been hungry.” |20. “I wish I……to buy a new car.” |
|“I know. They ate…….on their plates.” |“You ought to save some money then.” |
|A. every B. everywhere C. everything |A. afford B. would afford C. could afford |
49. Choose the correct item
|1. “They have finished building the new theatre.” “I know. It…….by the|11. Sharon…….at Kim’s house last night after the party. |
|mayor next month .” |A. is staying B. stayed C. stays |
|A. will be opened B. is opened C. is opening |12. …….he was tired, Andy went to the party. |
|2. “Where is Dad?” |A. Although B. Despite C. However |
|“He’s in the garden,……some apples from the tree.” |13. The manager…….his coffee made for him every morning. |
|A. picking B. pick C. to pick |A. has B. had had C. is having |
|3. “Who’s that?” |14. I can ride a bicycle, but I…….drive a car yet. |
|“It’s the man…….I asked to fix my TV.” |A. could B. couldn’t C. can’t |
|A. which B. who C. whose |15. My brother……eighteen years old next year. |
|4. “Did you see James yesterday?” |A. will be B. is being C. was |
|“Yes. He ……..me that he’s having a party on Saturday.” |16. The bank……into during the night. |
|A. says B. said C. told |A. was broken B. broken C. broke |
|5. I wish I……buy a computer of my own. |17. ……..River Nile flows through Egypt. |
|A. can B. would C. could |A. An B. - C. The |
|6. ……Dead Sea is very salty. |18. Jack …….whether he was late for the meeting. |
|A. The B. A C. - |A. said B. asked C. told |
|7. That’s the boy……father is my teacher. |19. The office…….I work is very large. |
|A. whose B. who’s C. who |A. where B. which C. that |
|8. You should always……the doors at night. |20. I’ll take my umbrella…….it rains later today. |
|A. to lock B. lock C. locking |A. so that B. in case C. in order to |
|9. If people exercise regularly, they……fit. | |
|A. would get B. gets C. get | |
|10. Terry had difficulty in……foreign languages at school. | |
|A. learning B. learn C. to learn | |
50. Choose the correct item
|1. It’s no use……for Mr Green. He isn’t here. |11. I found…….money under my bed this morning. |
|A. to wait B. wait C. waiting |A. an B. a C. some |
|2. Danny ……..a party at nine o’clock tonight. |12. I met a woman…….I found very interesting. |
|A. have B. has C. is having |A. whose B. whom C. which |
|3. Kate pretended…….when her father came into the room. |13. I…….Adam to help me with the project. |
|A. studying B. to be studying C. study |A. said B. wondered C. asked |
|4. The patient …….for his illness and recovered. |14. The girl…….at that desk is my best friend. |
|A. was treated B. treated C. treats |A. sit B. to sit C. sitting |
|5. They…….for an hour now, so they’re tired. |15. ……..I ask you a personal question, please? |
|A. have been exercising B. exercise C. are exercising |A. Could B. Must C. Should |
|6. You …….get up early tomorrow. You don’t have to go to work. |16. I ….. television a lot but now I don’t any more. |
|A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t |A. was used to watch B. used to watch C. used to watching |
|7. This time next week, I…….on a sandy beach. |17. Mother Teresa…….a lot of poor people. |
|A. am lying B. lie C. will be lying |A. helped B. was helping C. helps |
|8. We……the lock fixed before we went on holiday. |18. I think I……..my hair cut next Saturday. |
|A. had had B. will be having C. have had |A. have B. have had C. will have |
|9. They can’t afford……house this year. |19. She ……..them that she was leaving the following day. |
|A. moving B. move C. to move |A. asked B. told C. said |
|10. We may…….to the beach at the weekend. |20. I am ….. . I have nothing to do. |
|A. to go B. go C. going |A. boring B. being bored C. bored |
51. Choose the correct item
|1. “I left my umbrella at your house last night.” |10. “Did you make dinner last night?” |
|“Did you? I ……it back for you tomorrow.” |“No. By the time I got home, Alice…….it.” |
|A. brought B. am bringing C. will bring |A. had already made B. already made C. has already made |
|2. “I went to a Mexican restaurant last week.” |11. “…….I help you with the housework?” |
|“Really? I …….Mexican food” |“Yes, please. That would be nice.” |
|A. am eating B. haven’t been eating C. have never eaten |A. Did B. Will C. Shall |
|3. “Oh no! I forgot to pay the electricity bill this morning.” |12. Mum …… breakfast by the time we woke up. |
|“Don’t worry. I …….it for you at lunch time.” |A. has been making B. made C. had made |
|A. will pay B. am paying C. will have paid |13. The tree……down last week. |
|4. The sea level is considered ….. at the moment. |A. was cut B. cut C. cuts |
|A. to be risen B. to be rising C. to have been risen |14. Who ……in my desk? Things have been moved! |
|5. “Where are you going?” |A. look B. has been looking C. looks |
|“I’m going……a drive in the countryside.” |15. I ……the children to school today if you want. |
|A. to B. as C. for |A. take B. am taking C. will take |
|6. “I …….about your news! Congratulations!” |16. By the time we get home, we ……for six hours. |
|“Thank you! I’m very happy!” |A. will travel B. will have been travelling |
|A. hear B. am hearing C. heard |C. are travelling |
|7. “What shall we do tomorrow?” |17. There isn’t…….to go shopping today. I’ll go tomorrow. |
|“We…….go to the flower exhibition if you want.” |A. too time B. enough time C. time enough |
|A. mustn’t B. could C. needn’t |18. We had…….started the journey that we got a flat tyre. |
|8. “Are you working late tonight?” |A. the moment that B. whenever C. no sooner |
|“I’ll stay……I finish the report I’m writing.” |19. I…….this necklace since I was ten years old. |
|A. before B. until C. by |A. had B. am having C. have had |
|9. “Emily plays the piano very well.” |20. It is a good idea for everyone to learn how…….a foreign language. |
|“Yes, she’s…….talented musician that she’s won many competitions.” |A. speaking B. to speak C. speak |
|A. so B. such C. such a | |
52. Choose the correct item
|1. They were bored because they…….for hours. |11. Tim……..work by six o’clock this evening. |
|A. had been waiting B. are waiting |A. will have left B. is leaving C. leave |
|C. have waited |12. Our environment……more and more polluted every year. |
|2. I wish I …….more spare time in the evenings. |A. become B. becomes C. is becoming |
|A. have B. had C. was having |13. If Beth had time, she……the tennis club. |
|3. …….it was raining, he took his umbrella with him. |A. would join B. is joining C. will join |
|A. Because of B. Due to C. Since |14. ……ill, Jeff didn’t go to work yesterday. |
|4. He asked me what…….. . |A. Feeling B. Feel C. To feel |
|A. doing B. do C. to do |15. …….you give me a lift to the supermarket, please? |
|5. Emma Collins…….superbly in this new production. |A. Would B. Should C. Ought |
|A. dances B. is dancing C. dance |16. Tom was painting the door while Judy…… the windows. |
|6. That exercise is ……. difficult for the children. |A. was cleaning B. cleaned C. is cleaning |
|A. too B. enough C. not enough |17. Steve……work last Sunday. His boss asked him to. |
|7. First, we…….up the tent. Then we lit a camp fire. |A. has to B. must C. had to |
|A. are putting B. put C. were putting |18. I saw Mr. Brown…….the building at two o’clock. |
|8. We……get up early this morning, so we slept until ten o’clock. |A. leave B. to leave C. having left |
|A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. didn’t need to |19. Don’t let ….. you. |
|9. If you plant seeds in the ground, they……. |A. them to annoy B. them annoy C. them annoying |
|A. grow B. are growing C. grew |20. She went to bed without…….goodnight. |
|10. ……to John today? I want you to give him a message for me. |A. say B. to say C. saying |
|A. Do you speak B. Will you be speaking | |
|C. Are you speaking | |
53. Choose the correct sentence in reported speech
|1. John said, “I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza.” |7. “Could you show me these jeans, please?” said the boy. |
|A. John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliza. |A. The boy said to show him those jeans. |
|B. John told Eliza he was sorry to disturb her. |B. The boy asked to show him those jeans. |
|C. John said to Eliza he had been sorry to disturb her. |C. The boy asked if the salesgirl could show him these jeans. |
|2. Jeremy asked me, “Will Mandy have lunch with Jane if she is not |8. “Why hasn’t he locked the car door?” the policeman said. |
|against?” |A. The policeman asked why he hadn’t locked the car door. |
|A. Jeremy asked Mandy whether he would have lunch with me if she was |B. The policeman asked why hadn’t he locked the car door. |
|not against. |C. The policeman asked why he didn’t lock the car door. |
|B. Jeremy asked me whether Mandy would have lunch with Jane if she was|9. “Will you be free tomorrow?” Colin asked Richard. |
|not against. |A. Richard asked would Colin be free the next day. |
|C. Jeremy asked me whether Mandy would have lunch with Jane if she is |B. Colin asked Richard if he would be free the following day. |
|not against. |C. Colin asked if Richard will be free tomorrow. |
|3. Mrs. Smith said to Mr. Smith, “Don’t wear your best trousers in the|10. “Ann’s sister did nothing except complain,” remarked Tim. |
|garden.” |A. Tim remarked that Ann’s sister had done nothing except complain. |
|A. Mrs. Smith told Mr. Smith not to wear his best trousers in the |B. Tim remarked that Ann’s sister did nothing except complain. |
|garden. |C. Tim remarked Ann’s sister has done nothing except complain. |
|B. Mrs. Smith said to Mr. Smith that he didn’t wear his best trousers |11. Tony said, “Jerry has been my best friend since our early |
|in the garden. |childhood.” |
|C. Mrs. Smith told Mr. Smith not to have worn his best trousers in the|A. Tony told Jerry that he had been his best friend since their early |
|garden.” |childhood. |
|4. He said, ‘Where is Jill going?” |B. Tony said that Jerry has been his best friend since their early |
|A. He asked where was Jill going. |childhood. |
|B. He asked where Jill is going. |C. Tony said that Jerry had been his best friend since their early |
|C. He asked where Jill was going. |childhood. |
|5. “If I were you, I’d stop smoking,” Jeff said. |12. Sally said, “I’d like to buy it.” |
|A. Jeff said that if he were him he would have stopped smoking. |A. Sally said that she would like to buy it. |
|B. Jeff said that if he had been him he would stop smoking. |B. Sally said she would have liked to buy it. |
|C. Jeff advised him to stop smoking. |C. Sally said that she liked to buy it. |
|6. Shop assistant: Would you wait half an hour, please? | |
|Customer: All right. | |
|A.The shop assistant asked whether the customer would wait half an | |
|hour. The customer said that it was all right. | |
|B. The shop assistant asked if the customer would wait half an hour. | |
|The customer agreed to wait. | |
|C. The shop assistant asked whether the customer would wait half an | |
|hour. The customer said it would be all right. | |
54. Choose the correct variant of the sentence
|1. You offer to do the shopping, but your mother says it isn’t |6. A letter arrives at your house. You are sure it is from Paul. |
|necessary. |A. It might be from Paul. |
|A. You must do the shopping |B. It must be from Paul. |
|B. You needn’t do the shopping |C. It may have been from Paul. |
|C. You could do the shopping |7. You are looking for your scarf. You think it is upstairs. |
|2. You want to have a pet in the flat but your landlord tells you it |A. It can’t be upstairs. |
|isn’t allowed. |B. It should be upstairs. |
|A. You mustn’t keep pets in the flat. |C. It could be upstairs. |
|B. You needn’t keep pets in the flat. |8. You want your neighbour to babysit for you tonight. |
|C. You will not keep pets in the flat. |A. Would you babysit for me tonight? |
|3. You did the washing-up for your mother, but she didn’t expect you |B. Shall you babysit for me tonight? |
|to. |C. Must you babysit for me tonight? |
|A. You mustn’t have done the washing-up. |9. There was a good film on TV. You are sure John didn’t watch it. |
|B. You might not have done the washing-up |A. John should have watched it. |
|C. You needn’t have done the washing-up. |B. John might have watched it. |
|4. Your father told you to do your homework. You tell your friends. |C. John can’t have watched it. |
|A. I will do my homework. |10. An old lady is trying to open the door. You offer to do it for |
|B. I have to do my homework. |her. |
|C. I might do my homework. |A. Couldn’t I open the door for you? |
|5. You have toothache. Your mother gives you some advice. |B. Must I open the door for you? |
|A. You may go to the dentist. |C. Shall I open the door for you? |
|B. You should go to the dentist. | |
|C. You might go to the dentist. | |
55. Choose the correct item
|1. Although ….. a country is risky, the alien who finds work may |11. “It’s getting cold.” |
|believe the risk worthwhile. |“We’d better…….our jackets on.” |
|A. enter B. having entered C. entering |A. to put B. putting C. put |
|2. “I’ve got a terrible headache.” “You’d better……..an aspirin.” |12. “Let’s have a party this weekend.” |
|A. to take B. take C. taking |“I’d rather we……..it this weekend. I’m busy.” |
|3. “I wish I had more money.” |A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. haven’t |
|“Then it’s about time you…….spending everything you earn.” |13. ‘I’ve lost my keys again, Dad.’ |
|A. will stop B. stopped C. stop |‘If you had put them on the table, you……. them.’ |
|4. “I’ve just passed my driving test.” “Congratulations. I wish I …….a|A. wouldn’t have lost B. won’t lose C. didn’t lose |
|car.” |14. ‘Suppose you……lost, what would you do?’ |
|A. will drive B. could drive C. can drive |‘I’d go to a police station.’ |
|5. “Is Jill coming to the party tonight?” |A. got B. will get C. would get |
|“Well, if nobody invited her, she……..to the party.” |15. ‘Let’s go to the supermarket tonight.’ |
|A. will come B. won’t come C. is coming |‘……..go tonight. I’m very tired.’ |
|6. “It’s high time you…….a job, Trevor.” |A. I’d rather not B. I’d rather I don’t C. I’d rather I didn’t |
|“I know. I’ve got an interview next week, actually.” |16. If you are bored, …….something else. |
|A. have got B. will get C. got |A. you would do B. you will do C. do |
|7. “I have to get up early tomorrow.” “Then you’d better…….to bed |17. I……you if I had known you were in hospital. |
|early tonight” |A. would visit B. would have visited C. will visit |
|A. be going B. to go C. go |18. Ice…….if the temperature rises above 0°C. |
|8. “Suppose you……..some money, what would you do with it?” “I’d |A. will melt B. would melt C. melts |
|probably go on holiday.” |19. If he…….in the garden, he would have heard the doorbell. |
|A. win B. won C. would win |A. isn’t B. was C. hadn’t been |
|9. “I’ve got Jim’s book. Can you give it to him, please?” “Well, if |20. Peter got…….presents that he couldn’t fit them into the cupboard. |
|I…….him, I’ll give it to him.” |A. such a B. such a lot of C. so much |
|A. will see B. saw C. see | |
|10. “Can I go out tonight, Mum?” | |
|“I’d rather you……..at home and did your homework.” | |
|A. stayed B. stay C. will stay | |
56. Choose the correct item
|1. I……to the bank manager if I were you. |11. “…….you’re busy, we’ll talk now.” |
|A. would talk B. will talk C. talked |“That’s fine. I’m not busy at the moment.” |
|2. Had I known about the meeting, I…….it. |A. If B. Provided C. Unless |
|A. would have attended B. attended C. will attend |12. “If you…….that plate, you’ll burn your fingers.” |
|3. If you……well, lie down for a while. |“Why? Has it been in the oven?” |
|A. hadn’t felt B. don’t feel C. didn’t feel |A. would touch B. will touch C. touch |
|4. ……I you, I would look for a new job. |13. “If you watch the news, you…..a lot.” |
|A. Would be B. Were C. Had been |“I know. I watch it every day.” |
|5. “If we were rich, we……expensive clothes.” |A. learn B. were learning C. would learn |
|“Well, unfortunately we aren’t rich!” |14. “Shall I invite John to the party?” |
|A. could afford B. can afford C. afford |“Well, were I you, I…….him.” |
|6. “Can I have some chocolate, please?” |A. would invite B. will invite C. invite |
|“If you behave yourself, I…….you some later.” |15. “Could I see the menu please?” |
|A. would buy B. might buy C. buy |“Yes, sir. If you……a seat, I will fetch it for you.” |
|7. “Can you help me, please?” |A. take B. had taken C. have taken |
|“Well, if I wasn’t studying, I……you.” |16. “When water boils, it……steam.” |
|A. would help B. help C. will help |“Yes, I know; and the steam is hot, too.” |
|8. “Don’t cry. Everything will be alright.” |A. would produce B. produce C. produces |
|“Yes, but if I……the bus, I wouldn’t have been late for school.” |17. “John crashed his car yesterday.” |
|A. didn’t miss B. hadn’t missed C. don’t miss |“I know, but if he hadn’t been changing the cassette, he……. .” |
|9. “…….the teacher comes back now, what will you do?” |A. won’t crash B. wouldn’t crash |
|“I don’t know”. |C. wouldn’t have crashed |
|A. When B. Providing C. Supposing |18. “Should you see Colin, ……and tell me.” “I will.” |
|10. “…….you wear warm clothes, you won’t get cold.” |A. come B. to come C. will come |
|“I’ll wear an extra jumper.” |19. ……being shy, Jim gave a speech at the concert. |
|A. Unless B. Providing C. Supposing |A. However B. Yet C. Despite |
| |20. Jane works very hard,……Kate is lazy. |
| |A. whereas B. even though C. despite |
57. Choose the correct item
|1. She likes Peter. She doesn’t like his brother, ……. . |11. “Did you watch the late film on TV last night?” |
|A. whereas B. but C. in spite |“Yes. But I ……it twice before.” |
|2. ……..of being tired, Jeff went to the party. |A. already saw B. was already seeing C. had already seen |
|A. In spite B. Despite C. Although |12. “Have you got Claire’s phone number?” |
|3. …….he hated shopping, he went to the supermarket. |“Yes. It ……on this piece of paper.” |
|A. However B. Even though C. While |A. is written B. written C. be written |
|4. ……the rain, the football match went ahead. |13. “How is Kevin?” |
|A. In spite of B. However C. Although |“Well, his car…….last night, so he’s upset today.” |
|5. This car is fast,…….it is also very noisy. |A. is stolen B. has been stolen C. was stolen |
|A. despite B. but C. in spite |14. “Where does that lady keep her jewellery?” |
|6. “You’re going on holiday soon, aren’t you?” |“It……in a safe somewhere in her house.” |
|“Yes. This time next week, I……coffee in Brazil.” |A. is kept B. are kept C. was kept |
|A. will be drinking B. will drink C. am drinking |15. “Can you swim?” |
|7. “Has Clive just moved to the area?” |“Oh yes. I…… how to swim when I was five.” |
|“Yes, he has, but he…..about moving here for years, you know.” |A. taught B. am taught C. was taught |
|A. had been thinking B. is thinking |16. “Paul is taking me to a ball this weekend.” |
|C. will have been thinking |“I would love……to a ball!” |
|8. “What do you want to do when you leave school?” |A. take B. to take C. to be taken |
|“Actually, I hope……a vet.” |17. “So, have you had your book published?” |
|A. to become B. become C. becoming |“Yes. It ……in all bookshops from June 1st.” |
|9. “What are you doing tonight?” |A. will be B. is C. is being |
|“I …….tidy my bedroom. My mother told me to do it.” |18. “Are you going to buy a wedding dress?” |
|A. could B. have to C. can |“No. My dress……by my mother.” |
|10. “Where have you been? I haven’t seen you for a while.” “Oh, |A. is being made B. is made C. made |
|I……very hard recently.” |19. “Was Tom pleased with the newspaper article about him?” |
|A. am working B. have been working C. work |“No. he was angry because his name…… wrong.” |
| |A. spelt B. had been spelt C. is spelt |
| |20. “Did you buy that picture?” |
| |“No, it……to me for my birthday.” |
| |A. was given B. gave C. is given |
58. Choose the correct item
|1. “Have you arranged the party yet?” |11. …….I come in? It’s rather cold out here. |
|“Yes. All the invitations……. .” |A. Should B. May C. Must |
|A. are sent B. have been sent C. sent |12. You ……do your homework before you watch TV. |
|2. “Do your cats eat a lot?” |A. can’t B. should C. shall |
|“No. They ……once a day, that’s all.” |13. You…….water the plants this weekend; they look dry. |
|A. is fed B. are fed C. fed |A. are able to B. needn’t C. ought to |
|3. “Did you hear about the burglary last week?” |14. ……you play the piano? |
|“Yes. The thieves…….now, haven’t they?” |A. Can B. Must C. Should |
|A. have been caught B. caught C. are caught |15. When……I call you? |
|4. “Doctors have to do a lot of work.” |A. shall B. must C. needn’t |
|“Yes, but they……well.” |16. You…….walk to work. I’ll give you a lift. |
|A. be paid B. are paid C. pay |A. must B. needn’t C. may |
|5. “What is happening over there?” |17. “You…..be late for work.” |
|“Oh, a new cinema……. .” |“I know. I’m leaving now.” |
|A. is being built B. is built C. was built |A. needn’t B. must C. mustn’t |
|6. “What should you do if you are lost?” |18. “I……..go to the bank today. I have enough money.” |
|“You should stay where you are and wait ……” |“Well, I’ll go alone, then.” |
|A. was found B. to find C. to be found |A. needn’t B. have to C. must |
|7. Tim…….be out. There are no lights on. |19. “I…….clean the house today. It’s dirty.” |
|A. shall B. should C. must |“I’ll help you.” |
|8. I…….swim before I was able to walk. |A. needn’t B. must C. mustn’t |
|A. might B. could C. can |20. “Do you need any help?” |
|9. I…….buy some milk. There isn’t any left. |“Yes. I …….open the window. It’s stuck.” |
|A. mustn’t B. may C. must |A. could B. am able to C. can’t |
|10. …….you collect the children from school, please? | |
|A. Must B. Will C. May | |
59. Choose the correct item
|1.If I ….. any news, I ….. you. |10. The match ….. at half past nine, so I’ll be at home by ten |
|A. will hear, will phone |o’clock. |
|B. will hear, phone |A. will finish B. finishes C. is finishing |
|C. hear, will phone |11. The population of our city ….. one million by 2015. |
|2. When I ….. in Manchester next week, I ….. you. |A. is reaching B. reaches C. will reach |
|A. will arrive, will phone B. will arrive, phone |12. Our next lesson ….. on Monday. |
|C. arrive, will phone |A. is B. is going to be C. will be |
|3. Mrs. Clay ….. shopping today if she ….. her work earlier than |13. Pam’s plane ….. at midnight. |
|usual. |A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive |
|A. goes, will finish B. will go, will finish |14. I think I ….. it. |
|C. will go, finishes |A. will do B. do C. am going to do |
|4. If he ….. busy tomorrow morning, he ….. you a lift. |15. I’m tired, but if you ….. me strong coffee, I ….. working. |
|A. isn’t, will probably give B. won’t be, will probably give |A. will make , go on |
|C. won’t be, probably gives |B. will make, will go on |
|5. Your parents ….., if you ….. late in the evening. |C. make, will go on |
|A. will worry, will be B. are worry, will be C. will worry, are |16. Mom ….. her car keys, so we have to open the door by force. |
|6. If Pete ….., he ….. about his health problems. |A. has lost B. lost C. had lost |
|A. goes jogging, will forget B. will go jogging, forgets |17. Where’s Jane? |
|C. go jogging, will forget |She ….. the shops. She’ll be back soon. |
|7. If our team ….. hard, we ….. the next game. |A.went to B. has gone to C. has been to |
|A. will work, won’t lose B. work, won’t lose C. works, don’t lose |18. He knows Africa well because he ….. a lot there. |
|8. We ….. time for tea if he ….. in time. |A. has travelled B. had travelled C. has been travelling |
|A. will have, will be B. have, will be C. will have, is |19. The children are drawing. They ….. since they came home. |
|9. Hurry up! If you ….. a taxi, you ….. Mary at the station. |A. were drawing B. have been drawing C. have drawn |
|A. catch, will meet B. will catch, meet C. will catch, will meet |20. There wasn’t much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl ….. |
| |the road. |
| |A. crossed B. cross C. to cross |
60. Choose the correct item
|1. “Can I talk to you, please?” |11. “Jim…….lose some weight. His doctor said so.” |
|“Sorry, I…….go now. I’m late for a meeting.” |“Then he must go on a diet.” |
|A. mustn’t B. has to C. must |A. mustn’t B. can C. has to |
|2. “The test was too difficult for me.” |12. “Todd was a very talented child.” |
|“Oh dear, I…….do it quite easily.” |“I know. He ……play the piano well when he was seven.” |
|A. was able to B. can’t C. can |A. couldn’t B. could C. can |
|3. Hot weather makes ….. uncomfortable. |13. “How was the test?” |
|A. me feeling B. me to feel C. me feel |“Easy. All the children……pass it.” |
|4. “Where’s your father?” “He……..be in the garage.” |A. were able to B. could C. can’t |
|A. might B. can C. mustn’t |14. “What are you doing this summer?” |
|5. “Sorry Mum. I’ve broken a plate.” “You…….be more careful.” |“I hope I’ll…….go on holiday with my friends.” |
|A. may B. should C. might |A. could B. be able to C. can |
|6. ‘Where’s Tom?” “He’s not at work, so he…….be at the library.” |15. “I’ve just taken a loaf out of the oven.” |
|A. must B. can’t C. can |“Oh, that’s why I……..smell fresh bread when I came home.” |
|7. “Is Tom good at languages?” |A. was able to B. can’t C. could |
|“Yes, he…….already speak French, German and Italian.” |16. The problem of pollution…….worse these days. |
|A. can’t B. can C. could |A will get B. got C. is getting |
|8. “I……swim until I was ten.” |17. This time yesterday we…….in the sea. |
|“Well, I didn’t learn until I was eleven.” |A. swam B. are swimming C. were swimming |
|A. can B. can’t C. couldn’t |18. Doris ……in the office since April. |
|9. “I………feed the dog at lunchtime. My brother did it in the morning.” |A. has been working B. works C. is working |
|“You can do it this evening, then.” |19. …….the housework, Maggie sat down to rest. |
|A. didn’t need to B. needn’t have C. need |A. Doing B. Having done C. Done |
|10. “Did you deliver that parcel for me?” |20. He was hot because he…….in the sun. |
|“No, I……find the house, so I’ve come back to get a map.” |A. sat B. had been sitting C. is sitting |
|A. can B. could C. couldn’t | |
61. Choose the correct item
|1. I…….to you as soon as I get home. |11. The boys avoided……through the dark forest. |
|A. wrote B. have written C. will write |A. walking B. to walk C. walk |
|2. They……a lot of animals at the zoo last weekend. |12. They don’t allow…….in the examination room. |
|A. see B. saw C. are seeing |A. talking B. talk C. to talk |
|3. It’s no use…….the door. It’s locked. |13. Don’t make me ….. that boring grammar book! |
|A. push B. to push C. pushing |A. to study B. studying C. study |
|4. Karen suggested…….a new car. |14. I……James tonight. We have arranged it. |
|A. buy B. buying C. to buy |A. see B. ’m seeing C. saw |
|5. We expect everyone…….to the meeting. |15. You had better……your umbrella with you today. |
|A. come B. to come C. coming |A. taking B. to take C. take |
|6. They are considering…….another shop next year. |16. I think my sister…….a dancer one day. |
|A. open B. opening C. to open |A. become B. is becoming C. will become |
|7. The match……..at two o’clock tomorrow afternoon. |17. Look at the sunshine! It ……a beautiful day. |
|A. start B. has started C. starts |A. is going to be B. is being C. be |
|8. Samantha is starting a new job tomorrow. She …….forward to it. |18. They…….for half an hour when the doctor came. |
|A. is looking B. looks C. look |A. have waited B. had been waiting C. wait |
|9. They were happy to hear they…….a prize. |19. The boss has decided…… a bigger office. |
|A. win B. had won C. were winning |A. to rent B. renting C. rent |
|10. I think James ……us tomorrow. |20. The whole class studied hard, so they all…. their exams. |
|A. has visited B. visit C. will visit |A. are passing B. pass C. passed |
62. Choose the correct item
|1. Peter…… forty years old in January. |13. “Are you going shopping tonight?” |
|A. be B. will be C. has been |“No, I…….yesterday.” |
|2. Mary seems……a fight with Jack again. |A. went B. had gone C. had been going |
|A. have had B. to have C. to have had |14. “Where is Scott?” |
|3. ……is me favourite form of exercise. |“He…….on the phone when I saw him.” |
|A. Jogging B. Jog C. To jog |A. was talking B. talked C. had talked |
|4. They ……together for five years. |15. “Did Alan arrive on time?” |
|A. work B. are working C. have worked |“No. I …….for an hour before he arrived.” |
|5. He ……to work when the accident happened. |A. was waiting B. had waited C. had been waiting |
|A. is driving B. was driving C. drove |16. “What time do you finish work?” |
|6. She claims……Brad Pitt last year. |“Actually, I…… .” |
|A. to meet B. to have met C. have met |A. have just finished B. finish C. finished |
|7. This time next month I……in a new house. |17. “I like your dress. Is it new?” |
|A. will live B. am living C. will be living |“No. I……..it for ages.” |
|8. She was lying on her bed…..about the party. |A. had B. have C. have had |
|A. thinking B. to think C. think |18. “How is John now?” |
|9. It’s very cold in here. I ……the heating on. |“He………better slowly.” |
|A. put B. had put C. will put |A. gets B. is getting C. has been getting |
|10. The lawyer advised us……the money immediately. |19. “Did you go out for dinner last night?” |
|A. pay B. paying C. to pay |“No. I ……a lot at lunch, so I wasn’t hungry.” |
|11. ……some spare time, Tom went for a walk. |A. had been eating B. had eaten C. was eating |
|A. Having B. Have C. To have |20. We believe ….. the work. |
|12. Paul……abroad once a month on business. |A. he to have finished B. his to have finished C. him to have |
|A. travels B. is travelling C. travel |finished |
63. Choose the correct item
|1. “Welcome home.” “Thanks. It’s very nice…….back.” |12. “What……at the moment?” “I’m writing a letter to my aunt.” |
|A. to be B. be C to being |A. are you doing B. you are doing C. do you do |
|2. “You have to……..home early tonight.” “I will.” |13. “It’s very hot in this room, isn’t it?” “Yes. I ……..the window.” |
|A. be coming B. come C. coming |A. will you open B. open C. will open |
|3. “Did you enjoy the play?” “Yes. Were you involved in……..the |14. “What’s wrong?” |
|scenery?” |“My car has broken down. ……me, please?” |
|A. make B. to make C. making |A. Will you help B. You will help C. Shall you help |
|4. “Did anyone help you with your homework?” |15. “How often do you clean your house?” |
|“No. I managed…….it by myself.” |“I……..clean it once a week” |
|A. do B. to do C. doing |A. seldom B. usually C. never |
|5. “Let’s go out tonight.” |16. “Did you see Nathan?” |
|“I’d rather…….at home. I’m tired.” |“No, he…….by the time I arrived at his house.” |
|A. staying B. to stay C. stay |A. was leaving B. had been leaving C. had left |
|6. “Does your son study hard?” |17. “What are you thinking about?” |
|“No, he spends his time……television.” |“This time next week, I …….on the beach.” |
|A. to watch B. watching C. watch |A. will have sunbathed B. will be sunbathing C. will have been |
|7. ‘Do you watch TV very often?” |sunbathing |
|“No. I consider it…….a waste of time.” |18. “Have you just moved here?” |
|A. to be B. being C. is |“No. I …..here for two years next month.” |
|8. “……..is good for your health.” |A. will be living B. will have been living C. have lived |
|“I know, but I don’t enjoy it.” |19. “Can you give Steve a message for me?” |
|A. To have exercised B. Exercising |“Certainly I……him at work later on today.” |
|C. To exercising |A. will be seeing B. will have seen C. will have been seeing |
|9. “Are you new here?” |20. “Sarah has gone to the cinema to see that film again.” |
|“No. I……..here for five years.” |“I know. After this time, she…….it five times!” |
|A. had been living B. have been living C. am living |A. will have seen B. will have been seeing C. will be seeing |
|10. “Where is Christine?” | |
|“I don’t know. I…….her today.” | |
|A. am not seeing B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see | |
|11. “Were you at work yesterday?” “No. I…….. . I was ill.” | |
|A. did not B. was C. wasn’t | |
64. Choose the correct item
|1. “Are you typing another report?” |11. “Your socks are all wet!” |
|“Yes. By the time I finish this one, I …… twenty-three reports today.”|“Don’t worry. I ……..another pair with me.” |
|A. will have been typing B. will have typed C. will be typing |A. am bringing B. bring C. have brought |
|2. “Those two people have been dancing all evening.” |12. “Are you having a holiday this year?” “Yes, I…….to Hawaii” |
|“Yes. By 11 o’clock, they……for four hours.” |A. am going B. have been C. have gone |
|A. will have been dancing B. will have danced C. will be dancing |13. “This is a great book.” “I know. I ……it twice already.” |
|3. Brenda felt the spider ….. up her leg. |A. have read B. am reading C. have been reading |
|A. to crawl B. crawl C. be crawling |14. “I didn’t know Sarah could drive.” |
|4. “You’ve been working hard all day.” “Yes. At 3 o’clock, I……for six |“Oh yes, she……since last April.” |
|hours.” |A. has been driving B. has driven C. is driving |
|A.will be studying B. will have been studying C. will have studied |15. “What……. ?” “It’s a letter to my pen-friend. I’m telling her my |
|5. “……to the supermarket today?” “Yes. Do you want me to get you |news.” |
|something?” |A. have you written B. do you write C. are you writing |
|A. Will you have gone B. Will you have been going |16. “What time does the play start?” “I think it……at 8 o’clock.” |
|C. Will you be going |A. has been starting B. starts C. has started |
|6. They heard the woman ….. a little exclamation. |17. “Is Todd reading the newspaper?” “No. He……..dinner at the moment.”|
|A. utter B. to utter C. to be uttered |A. has been making B. makes C. is making |
|7. “……your sister recently?” “Yes, she came to visit us last weekend.”|18. “What ……?” “It’s a piece of cherry pie. Mum made it yesterday.” |
|A. Have you been seeing B. You have seen C. Have you seen |A. are you eating B. do you eat C. have you eaten |
|8. “Where is Jason?” “He…….at the swimming pool.” |19. “Have you been for a walk?” “Yes. I often……for walks in the |
|A. is being B. is C. has been. |evenings.” |
|9. “Hello, Jane. I’m at home.” “Where have you been? I ……for you all |A. have gone B. am going C. go |
|day!” |20. “What is Jill doing these days?” “She…….for a job for six months.”|
|A. have been looking B. look C. am looking |A. is looking B. has been looking C. looks |
|10. “Who does your hair for you?” “My mother usually……it.” | |
|A. is cutting B. cuts C. has cut | |
65. Choose the correct item
|1. “What time does the train leave?” |11. What do you……for a living? |
|“I think it……at 2 o’clock.” |A. do B. doing C. make |
|A. leaves B. has been leaving C. has left |12.We’ll have to…..without a holiday as money is so short. |
|2. “Where are Tom and Pauline?” |A. make B. have made C. do |
|“They……to the supermarket.” |13. You’ve got a new car! How many miles can it…..per hour? |
|A. have just gone B. have been going C. go |A. do B. make C. be making |
|3. “Is Mandy watching TV?” |14. The company……a big loss this year. They will probably go bankrupt.|
|“No. She …… her homework right now.” |A. has done B. has made C. will do |
|A. is always doing B. is doing C. does |15. I jumped up and ran to the kitchen as quickly as I……. . |
|4. “Have you seen any films lately?” |A. could B. would C. had to |
|“Yes. Actually, I……. two this evenings.” |16. As we had agreed before, we……meet at two o’clock to go to the |
|A. have seen B. am seeing C. see |stadium. |
|5. “Are you going on holiday this summer?” |A. had to B. were to C. should have |
|“Yes. I …….enough money.” |17. You have got plenty of time. You ……. . |
|A. am saving B. have already saved C. save |A. don’t need hurry B. needn’t hurry |
|6. “Have you bought any new CDs recently?” |C. mustn’t to hurry |
|“Yes. Actually, I…….two this week.” |18.You…….our team play! You have missed a lot. |
|A. have bought B. have been buying |A. can see B. had o see C. should have seen |
|C. am buying |19. How…..you suggest such things to me? |
|7. “Where is Mark?” |A. must B. should C. dare |
|“He…….to the library to return some books.” |20. He shut himself up in the study for the whole day, and I…….through|
|A. has gone B. has been C. is going |the window that he was writing busily. |
|8. People expected the 21st century ….. peace on the earth. |A. could see B. need see C. must see |
|A. bring B. have brought C. to bring | |
|9. Have you…..your homework yet? | |
|A. made B. done C. did | |
|10. How are you……these days? | |
|A. making B. do C. doing | |
66. Choose the correct item
|1. Well,…….there’s nothing we can do about it. |11. It was…….when Ann left so she took an umbrella. |
|A. alternatively B. obviously C. immediately D. barely |A. brazing B. spooky C. still D. drizzling |
|2. The girl……to the rope and didn’t let go until the rescue team |12. The cost of the damage was…….to be more than £2 billion. |
|arrived. |A. measuring B. recalled C. estimated |
|A. got B. nailed C. clung D. burst |D. situated |
|3. Did you read about the…….earthquake in Colombia last year? |13. He lied to me and to…….matters worse, he didn’t apologise. |
|A. structural B. shaken C. massive |A. keep B. make C. do D. take |
|D. trapped |14. The possibility of a terrorist attack hasn’t been …… . |
|4. There’s no reason to be arguing. It’s just a(n)…..in a teacup. |A. ruled out B. cut out C. blown open |
|A. fire B. storm C. rain D. iceberg |D. taken off |
|5. We watched a film about a strange alien…… the other day. |15. The volcanic eruption had a huge ……on the residents of the island.|
|A. plot B. blurb C. violence D. creature |A. tremor B. impact C. debris D. burst |
|6. The fire was due to a(n)……..in the electrical wiring system. |16. Failing the exam……her confidence. |
|A. inhalation B. malfunction C. spread |A. emitted B. stopped C. hit D. damaged |
|D. injury |17. The popularity of junk food is …….by statistics gathered by |
|7. The young prince was riding in the cool ….. night. |researchers. |
|A. moonless B. burning C. bitter D. cruel |A. illustrated B. saturated C. consumed |
|8. The building was……promptly by the fire brigade. |D. demanded |
|A. evacuated B. shattered C. extinguished |18. Adam and Helen decided to have a party to ……. the occasion. |
|D. rocked |A. notice B. make C. mark D. commit |
|9. You can’t expect him to……everything and run off to Venezuela. |19. Many famous people hire……to protect them. |
|A. head B. drop C. tear D. rash |A. novices B. champions C. bodyguards |
|10. Her long silk skirt……as she walked up the stairs. |D. lifeguards |
|A. rustled B. whistled C. creaked |20. This is a rather……club; I don’t think we’ll be allowed in. |
|D. struck |A. lively B. exclusive B. gurgling D. broke |
67. Choose the correct item
|1. The accommodation was rather……. . We didn’t expect to pay that |12. Jenny accepted the invitation immediately. She couldn’t …….the |
|much. |opportunity of a lifetime. |
|A. luxurious B. towering C. overpriced |A. lose B. have C. miss D. regret |
|D. spacious |13. Arsenal fans hope that their team will…… for the finals. |
|2. The plane was found……into tiny pieces. How horrible! |A. indicate B supervise C. cope D. qualify |
|A. rocked B. crashed C. shattered D. spread |14. Don’t leave the balcony door open. It’s a(n) ……..invitation to |
|3. It’s difficult to …..the atmosphere of the old city back to life. |burglars. |
|A. give B. take C. bring D. set |A. open B. plain C. sensible D. simple |
|4. As we are not sure yet, no possibility can be ……. out. |15. Three armed men …… the National Bank yesterday morning. |
|A. ruled B. restricted C. got D. led |A. robbed B. stole C. burgled D. broke |
|5. Angie would never wear that! You know she hates ……prints. |16. It’s really difficult to tell who’s going to…….. the game; they’re|
|A. floral B. flower C. florist D. flower’s |both excellent players. |
|6. You may not think much of this building but it is of |A. beat B. win C. defeat D. get |
|great…….importance. |17. He has never tried …….as he doesn’t fancy the idea of travelling |
|A. ancient B. old C. antique D. historical |quickly down a river. |
|7. The brave soldier fell to the hard ground when a bullet…..past his |A. snorkelling B. hand-gliding C. rafting D. diving |
|ear. |18. He was sent to prison for …….his boss; she was paying him not to |
|A. rustled B. whistled C. creaked D. yelled |reveal her secret. |
|8. I’d…….the sausages on the barbeque if I were you. |A. stealing B. pickpocketing C. joyriding D. blackmailing |
|A. boil B. grill C. steam D. roast |19. It was reported that the forest was purposely set on fire by…….. .|
|9. Sally arrived ……the office half an hour late this morning. |A. shoplifters B. vandals C. arsonists D. thieves |
|A. in B. at C. to D. into |20. Diane is a scientist, so she spends a lot of time in the ….. . |
|10. You shouldn’t…….her for not speaking to you. After all, it was |A. gym B. lab C. classroom D. artroom |
|your fault. | |
|A. accuse B. apologise C. chat D. blame | |
|11. I read an article about “burglar-……..” houses. | |
|A. friendship B. friendliness C. friend D. friendly | |
68. Choose the correct item
|1. We want more money. This job is terribly ….. . |11. The minimum cab…….is £1.50, so you can’t go very far for £3. |
|A. overpaid B. underpaid C. unpaid D. repaid |A. passer-by B. gain C. fare D. ticket |
|2. Our government has come up with a(n) …… to attract more visitors to|12. I wouldn’t have bought this shirt if it wasn’t such |
|our country. |excellent…….for money. |
|A. amount B. profit C. task D. scheme |A. pay B. value C. worth D. price |
|3. Jenny’s getting married! I heard it straight from the ……mouth. |13. Steve works as a museum……., and really likes his job. |
|A. bird’s B. horse’s C. cat’s D. dog’s |A. curator B. carrier C. conductor D. usher |
|4. ……learning encourages children to work together. |14. I was so happy I could……with excitement. |
|A. Cooperative B. Education C. Life D. Operating |A. gasp B. chuckle C. pose D. scream |
|5. …….causes great damage to plants as it contains dangerous |15. War seems…….as the two countries cannot reach an agreement. |
|substances. |A. sedate B. frizzy C. imminent D. accessible |
|A. Deforestation B. Contamination C. Ozone layer D. Acid rain |16. I don’t…….having seen you before. Are you sure we’ve met? |
|6. It’s a ……no one was injured in the car accident. |A. remind B. recall C. memorise D. forget |
|A. policy B. theme C. causeway D. miracle |17. Sally……a lot of money; her new job is much better paid that the |
|7. The theme park is……outside the city, on the M11 motorway. |old one. |
|A. situated B. guaranteed C. purchased D. stood |A. earns B. does C. wins D. makes |
|8. I have a ….. knowledge of all aspects of business. |18. As he was driving, he could see someone following him in |
|A. seen B. heard C. sound D. sure |the……mirror. |
|9. My baby niece loves ……for photographs. She’s very cute! |A. dashboard B. mast C. ignition D. rear view |
|A. posing B. passing C. petrifying D. plunging |19. A car …….with a motorbike last night. |
|10. We went to see the Gladiator because we had read very good……. . |A. knocked B. collided C. hit D. broke |
|A. policies B. reviews C. request D. ranging |20. He tore a book in half to……his strength. |
| |A. regulate B. demonstrate C. alternate D. conduct |
69. Choose the correct item
|1. There is a large…….of posters to choose from. |11.Water…….results in the death of sea-life. |
|A. attraction B. admission C. selection D. eruption |A. extinction B. contamination C. recycling D. survival |
|2. Busy roads should have a…….so that people can cross the road |12. Her boss agreed to give her a……so she could apply for a new job. |
|safely. |A. input B. reference C. fee D. report |
|A. pedestrian subway B. one-way street C. roadwork D. lane |13. Poetry classes should be included in the school’s…….. . |
|3. Only a ……of people voted for him, so he lost the election. |A. layout B. material C. course D. curriculum |
|A. majority B. feature C. altitude D. minority |14. In some parts tigers are hunted for their beautiful ……. . |
|4. Little Tom was really….. to see his grandmother after three months.|A. skin B. cover C. horn D. tusk |
|A. alert B. courageous C. wise D. eager |15. I wouldn’t wash this red T-shirt together with the write ones; the|
|5. Somebody……their flat while they were on holiday. They took |colours might …….. . |
|everything. |A. run B. spread C. reappear D. reduce |
|A. vandalized B. burgled C. broke D. stole |16. Sally’s not too keen on…….food so don’t use too many chilli |
|6. Although we had been warned, we never expected to…….such long |peppers. |
|delays. |A. creamy B. greasy C. spicy D. salty |
|A. depict B. encounter C. enthrall D. capture |17. Sam got into the big soft bed and ……fell asleep. |
|7. The last……of the film was definitely the best part. It was so |A. normally B. accidentally C. extremely D. promptly |
|moving. |18. Harry has…….for several posts and is still waiting for a reply. |
|A. script B. shot C. scene D. setting |A. appointed B. applied C. sought D. presented |
|8. You’d better ask the company’s tax……. . He’s the expert on |19. The train had broken down, so we had to wait on the……..for one |
|finances. |hour. |
|A. consultant B. translator C. composer D. citizen |A. engine room B. muster station C. platform D. port |
|9. Lisa cannot……rudeness. It makes her angry. |20. Sam is quite ….. and finds it hard to talk to new people. |
|A. establish B. ensure C. tolerate D. associate |A. reserved B. well-groomed C. scruffy D. sloppy |
|10. Passing my exams with good grades was a great……for me. | |
|A. pride B. fulfiment C. strength D. achievement | |
70. Choose the correct item
|1. The knights had to promise to serve the king in battle, …….for |11. …….cloth exports, London had become one of the greatest ports and |
|grants of land . |trading centers in the continent. |
|A. in return B. in turn C. but D. in case |A. Due of B. Because C. Thanks to D. According to |
|2. In a lord’s household a future knight…… good manners. |12. A knight’s career began……about the age of seven. |
|A. taught B. had taught C. was taught D. were taught |A. in B. when C. at D. by |
|3. By about 8500 BC Britain was almost as warm as it is today. The ice|13. They also had great influence on the decisions …..by their rulers.|
|had retreated everywhere, the sea level…… . |A. performed B. done C. made D. given |
|A. had raised B. rose C. raised D. was risen |14. ……wandering in search of wild food, new British settlers began |
|4. The new farmers came in boats from …… northern Europe, carrying |growing their own. |
|seeds of barley and wheat for growing annual crops. |A. Having B. Instead for C. Instead of D. As they had |
|A. a B. – C. the D. an |15. …..the harvest, more land than ever before had to be cleared. |
|5. In 750 DC, the population of the British Isles was only about |A. For increase B. To increase C. Increasing D. Increase |
|150,000. ……, there were enough people to make a great change to the |16. ……early Saxon times, groups of Christians had lived in communities|
|landscape. |where they could work and pray together. |
|A. In spite of B. However C. Although D. Also |A. Since B. From C. Begin with D. Of |
|6. There …..hilltop forts in Britain since Iron Age times, but the |17. The knight had many advantages……..the poor footsoldier. |
|Norman kings deliberately built a chain of castles to impose order. |A. at B. after C. over D. off |
|A. were B. have been C had been D. was |18. …….these luxury buildings, there were hundreds of villas built in |
|7. From a fortified base, chieftains……. patrol the district for about |the Roman style. |
|16 km around in the times of Norman Conquest. |A. About B. Beside C. Expert D. Because |
|A. could B. were able B. must D. can |19. On…….British Isles, Henry II quickly established firm control |
|8. In some orders, monks laboured in the gardens, kitchens and |after the chaos and the war. |
|workshops themselves, in ….. , manual work was done by servants. |A. an B. - C. a D. the |
|A. the other B. the others C. another D. others |20. The Druids were the link…….the supernatural world and the ordinary|
|9. They also brought animals…….for meat. |human one. |
|A. for rearing B. to rear C. rear D. reared |A. among B. around C. between D. in |
|10. Gradually the new settlers……their nomadic lives to build permanent| |
|homes and storehouses. | |
|A. gave up B. had given in C. gave in D. gave on | |
71. Choose the correct item
|1. Druids were also teachers …….educating the sons of tribal leaders. |12. Later, they worshipped their emperors, who proclaimed…….to be gods|
|A. responsible of B. in charge of C. in charge for D. responsible |as well. |
|in |A. them B. theirselves C. their D. themselves |
|2. …….the dangers, life slowly improved for many people during the |13. …….the profits from British trade, the cost of keeping a large |
|Middle Ages. |garrison on the island was very high. |
|A. Despite B. In spite C. Although D. Despite of |A. Despite of B. Despite C. In spite D. Because |
|3. An attacking army had…….of special weapons too. |14. I wasn’t sure if he…….at the party. |
|A. much B. less C. plenty D. plentiful |A. comes B. will come C. would come D. came |
|4. The Church…….its own taxes from villagers and townspeople. |15. By AD 300, the vast Roman Empire was in trouble because large……of |
|A. rose B. raised C. lifted D. arose |Huns, Goths and Vandals from northwest Europe were on the move. |
|5. Farming methods in Medieval Britain…… since Roman times. |A. numbers B. amounts C. sums D. crowd |
|A. hadn’t hardly changed B. had changed hardly |16. Traditionally, the Romans believed in a group of gods and |
|C. hardly hadn’t changed D. had hardly changed |goddesses, ruled by Jupiter, ……took care of every part of their lives.|
|6. People needed……where their crops grew and their animals grazed. |A. which B. who C. whose D. that |
|A. staying B. to staying C. stay D. to stay |17. Meanwhile life in Ireland…….changed. |
|7. The ancient British people – the Beaker people knew…..knives and |A. hadn’t hardly B. hardly hadn’t |
|axe – heads out of copper. |C. hardly not D. had hardly |
|A. making B. to make C. how to make D. how to be made |18. ……cattle and pigs, farmers were now raising more sheep than ever |
|8. The answer……in the choice of entries. |before, mainly for their wool and milk. |
|A. is lying B. lay C. lays D. lies |A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Not only |
|9. Most of them were covered ……..ice. |19. Many of these facts…….in standard dictionaries. |
|A. by B. with C. on D. of |A. can be founded B. can found C. can founded D. can be found |
|10. Poorer country people lived in simple timber roundhouses, just as |20. Such sort of dictionary……. . |
|they…….before the Romans came. |A. will be welcome B. will welcome C. will be welcomed D. will |
|A. were B. did C. had D. had been |welcomed |
|11. On one side of the villa the bedrooms opened onto a pillared | |
|veranda facing the private garden, on ……side there was a courtyard, | |
|surrounded by farm buildings. | |
|A. the other B. other C. another D. different | |
72. Choose the correct item
|1. The Browns family……about moving to a new flat for several months. |11. The melody sounded ……that we stopped to listen to it. |
|A. thinking B. been thinking |A. so beautifully B. so beautiful C. such beautiful D. such |
|C. had thinking D. have been thinking |beautifully |
|2. The ship was designed to make several trips and……equipment. |12. Kelly looks completely worn out. –She ……at night. |
|A. carrying B. for carrying C. to carry D. carried |A. must have worked B. had to have worked |
|3. Anyone…….in taking the course can enroll next week. |C. could have worked D. should have worked |
|A. wanting B. is interested C. interested D. interesting |13. The batteries in the camera ……. . |
|4. Wind power is both clean….. . |A. needs changing B. need to change C. are needed to be changed |
|A. and inexpensive B. but inexpensive |D. need changing |
|C. but inexpensive also D. as well as inexpensive |14. The students ……did extremely well on today’s English test. |
|5. Kelly has ……vacation every year. |A. most of them studied yesterday B. most of whom studied yesterday |
|A. three weeked B. three weeks C. three weeks’ D. three week’s |C. most of whom had studied yesterday D. they all studied very hard |
|6. You didn’t do your homework, …… ? |yesterday |
|A. didn’t you B. you didn’t C. you did D. did you |15. I’m very conservative, I don’t usually approve ……new methods. |
|7. Paula ……carefully when she had an accident. |A. - B. with C. of D. about |
|A. hadn’t been driving B. drives |16. Natalie wasn’t late,……. ? |
|C. hadn’t been D. drove very |A. wasn’t she B. did she C. was it D. was she |
|8. Each of the cities sent…..mayor to the conference. |17. Jean enjoys jogging and ….. . |
|A. their B. its C. his D. theirs |A. to swim B. a swim C. swimming D. swim |
|9. Customers …….with the product can return it to the store. |18. Most of the women sent ……applications to the director of the |
|A. who buy B. bought C. purchased D. not satisfied |program. |
|10. Would you like ……for lunch? |A. their B. her C. own D. theirs |
|A. anything B. any C. something D. any things |19. ……the problem, Susan was able to correct it. |
| |A. Having recognized B. Recognized |
| |C. Having been recognized D. Having recognizing |
| |20. Do you happen to know when …… ? |
| |A. the film begins B. does the film begin |
| |C. is the film begin D. is the film beginning |
73. Choose the correct item
|1. Have you already …..? |10. ….. of the students failed the test. They all passed. |
|A. had filled your tooth B. been filled the tooth C. had your tooth|A. None B. Some C. Not every D. All |
|filled |11. Alice wasn’t sure about taking the job but ….. the end she |
|D. filled your tooth |accepted it. |
|2. I wish the boy next door ……his violin day and night. |A. at B. to C. on D. in |
|A. stopped playing B. stop playing |12. ….. the beginning of the film, there is a huge storm. |
|C. would stop playing D. had stopped playing |A. In B. To C. On D. At |
|3. He could remember ……. along the road just before the accident |13. He got to the office just ….. for the meeting. |
|happened but he couldn’t remember the accident itself. |A. for time B. on time C. in time D. the time |
|A. of driving B. driving C. to drive D. drive |14. Would you mind ….. me with these bags? |
|4. The campers made a ….. . |A. to help B. help C. helping D. having helped |
|A. hike at ten kilometers |15. If only I ….. my wallet on the bus. |
|B. ten kilometers hike |A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave C. couldn’t leave D. wouldn’t leave |
|C. ten-kilometer’s hike |16. Ellen doesn’t live in a mansion and ….. |
|D. ten-kilometers’ hike |A. so do I B. I don’t C. nor do I D. same with me |
|5. I wasn’t in the office yesterday ……. I didn’t get the message you |17. They talk to ….. on the phone every day. |
|left for me. |A. each other B. themselves C. each one D. both |
|A. however B. though C. therefore |18. ….. Cathy got home, Stella had fallen asleep. |
|D. nevertheless |A.As soon as B. By the time C. When D. While |
|6. Not only were the students late, but they….. their books. |19. There’s hardly ….. milk in the fridge. |
|A. forgot B. also forgot C. as well forgot |A. no B. any C. some D. not any |
|D. forgot as well |20. “Is that Ann and Nick’s house?” |
|7. Ulysses is one of the three novels…….by James Joyce. |“No, ….. is the one across the street.” |
|A. was written B. written C. wrote |A.their B. there C. that D. theirs |
|D. writing | |
|8. We ……several possibilities before made the decision. | |
|A. have been considered B. hadn’t considering | |
|C. were considering D. had been considering | |
|9. I’d prefer to watch a film rather than ….. to music. | |
|A. to listen B. listen C. listening D listened | |
74. Choose the correct item
|1.If Cleo ….. the film, she would have liked it. |12. Carl works ….. a pianist in a restaurant in Chicago. |
|A. sees B. would see C. had seen D. saw |A. like B. so C. as D. such |
|2. This the school ….. basketball team won the championship. |13. Bruno chose the ….. expensive tie in the shop. |
|A. where B. which C. whose D. that |A. least B. less C. fewer D. fewest |
|3. ….. studying all night, Stacy failed the exam. |14. ….. Panama Canal divides North and South America. |
|A. Despite B. Even though C. Though D. whereas |A. A B. The C. An D. – |
|4. The children had a good time, …..? |15. The luggage was ….. heavy that we couldn’t carry it. |
|A. hadn’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. had they |A. such B. much C. so D. such a |
|5. You ….. bring an umbrella. It’s not raining. |16. The athlete ….. his best and came first. |
|A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not D. needn’t |A. was B. had C. did D. made |
|6. The tree was cut down….. an axe. |17. She would like ….. sugar in her tea. |
|A. by B. from C. with D. for |A. a few B. few C. little D. a little |
|7. I don’t have ….. money to buy a new car. |18. You can borrow my ….. camera for the weekend. |
|A. enough B. so C. many D. such |A. brother-in-law B. brother’s-in-law C. brothers-in-law D. |
|8. She went to ….. hospital to visit her grandmother. |brother-in-law’s |
|A. – B. the C. a D. an |19. ….. is the fastest of the two, a cheetah or a leopard? |
|9. The police ….. questioning the suspect now. |A. Where B. Which C. Who D. What |
|A. is B. was C. are D. were |20. Although he is my neighbour, I ….. know him. |
|10. I ….. my hair cut yesterday. |A. nearly B. hard C. bare D. hardly |
|A. had B. have had C. have D. had had | |
|11. I ….. an offer for their house but they didn’t accept it. | |
|A. did B. made C. have D. had | |
75. Choose the correct item
|1. The prisoner was taken to ….. court to stand trial. |11. Andrew wrote May’s phone number down ….. forget it. |
|A. a B. - C. the D. one |A. in case B. so that C. so as not to D. not to |
|2. Al, ….. father is a scientist, is studying Biology at university. |12. If only I ….. them my plans! |
|A. which B. whom C. whose D. who |A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. wouldn’t tell D. hadn’t told |
|3. ….. you study harder, you won’t get into university. |13. ….. working very hard, he didn’t get a promotion. |
|A. If B. If only C. Unless D. Should |A. In spite of B. Although C. despite the fact D. Whereas |
|4. The dentist advised me ….. my teeth after every meal. |14. Have you ….. Rome? It’s an interesting city. |
|A. brushing B. to brush C. to have brushed D. brush |A. gone to B. gone in C. been to D. been in |
|5. I wish I ….. the window open. The floor’s all wet. |15. The film was ….. long that I fell asleep before the end. |
|A. didn’t leave B. don’t leave C. hadn’t been leaving D. hadn’t |A. such B. very C. how D. so |
|left |16. He hasn’t finished cleaning the house ….. . |
|6. John put on his raincoat so that he ….. get wet. |A. already B. still C. yet D. since |
|A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. wouldn’t D. won’t |17. …… nice of you to remember my birthday! |
|7. ….. been using my computer again? |A. How B. That C. What D. What a |
|A. Who’s B. Who C. Whose D. Who is |18. ….. is a great form of exercise. |
|8. ….. strong your brother is! |A. Jog B. Jogging C. To jog D. To jogging |
|A. What B. What a C. How D. Which |19. You ….. made such a big cake. There’s lots left over. |
|9. Linda ….. she wanted to be a musician. |A. mustn’t have B. may have C. didn’t need D. needn’t have |
|A. told B. said C. say D. tells |20. The beard makes ….. much older than he is. |
|10. Paul ….. me to have dinner with him. |A. him look B. him to look C. him looking D. he look |
|A. offered B. invited C. insisted D. advised | |
76. Choose the correct item
|1.Before she knew what was happening, a man ….. her bag. |11. Adam claimed ….. the Loch Ness Monster when he was in Scotland. |
|A. has taken B. had taken C. took D. had been taking |A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. to have seen |
|2. I’m looking forward ….. him again. |12. You ….. buy any flour. There’s plenty. |
|A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. to meeting |A. should B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t |
|3. Chris was packing the suitcases while I ….. the room. |13. This spaghetti ….. delicious. What have you put in it? |
|A. tidied B. was tidying C. have been tidying D. had tidied |A. is tasting B. has tasted C. tastes D. has been tasting |
|4. The security guard wouldn’t let anyone ….. the building. |14. Sid ….. Diane to the party tonight. |
|A. leave b. leaving C. to leave D. to leaving |A. brings B. will bring C. is bringing D. will be bringing |
|5. Emma suggested ….. to the concert. |15. The students were made ….. their essays. |
|A. going B. have gone C. to have gone D. to go |A. rewriting B. to rewrite C. rewrite D. to rewriting |
|6. ….. to work tomorrow? Could you give me a lift? |16. When I was a child, I ….. go to the cinema on Sundays. |
|A. Do you drive B. Will you be driving C. Did you drive D. Have you|A. use to B. would C. used D. get used to |
|driven |17. What ….. at 8 o’clock last night? |
|7. You ….. forget Sunday’s meeting. |A. have you done B. had you done C. were you doing D. have you been|
|A. needn’t B. don’t C. mustn’t D. might not |doing |
|8. Belinda ….. the library. She’ll be back around 6 p.m. |18. There was no lemonade left because the girls ….. it all. |
|A. has gone to B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone in |A. had been drinking B. have drunk C. had drunk D. were drinking |
|9. Kate ….. the doors and windows when she goes out. |19. Jan won’t phone us until he ….. some news. |
|A. is always locking B. always locks C. had always locked D. always|A. had B. is having C. will have D. has |
|locked |20. Don’t go near the pool, …..? |
|10. It’s no use ….. her, she won’t tell you. |A. won’t you B. don’t you C. do you D. will you |
|A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. to asking | |
77. Choose the correct item
|1. Adeline is a good girl. She ….. her mother with the housework. |11. Leon ….. in Paris for several years before he decided to move to |
|A. is always helping B. always helps C. has always helped D. will |London. |
|always help |A. was working B. has worked C. had been working D. worked |
|2. They …. Madrid twice this year. |12. You can’t leave the table until you ….. your meal. |
|A. have gone in B. had gone to C. have been to D. had been in |A. finished B. finish C. are going to finish D. will finish |
|3. We’ll have finished our work ….. 6 o’clock. |13. I have hardly ….. free time these days. |
|A. until B. till C. by the time D. by |A. some B. any C. a D. no |
|4. ….. to the bank later? If you are, can you please deposit this |14. The children enjoyed ….. when they visited Disneyland. |
|cheque for me? |A. each other B. one another C. ourselves D. themselves |
|A. Will you be going B. Have you gone C. Do you go D. Did you go |15. Where did you go ….. holiday last year? |
|5. While Angela ….. the carpets, the bell rang. |A. on B. in C. at D. for |
|A. hoovered B. was hoovering C. has been hoovering D. had hoovered |16. We have never been to ….. Netherlands before. |
|6. I’m afraid I ….. to come to the party. |A. a B. – C. an D. the |
|A. don’t go B. won’t be able C. won’t D. can’t |17. I would prefer ….. at home rather than go to the theatre. |
|7. Luis’s a famous musician. He ….. lots of concerts so far. |A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. having stayed |
|A. was given B. gave C. has given D. had been giving |18. He found a(an) ….. box in the attic. |
|8. Eric ….. a bike to work but now he drives a car. |A. black, old, small, wooden B. wooden, black, small, old |
|A. used to ride B. would ride C. has ridden D. used to riding |C. small, wooden, old, black |
|9. Peirre …..as a chef for five years, then he opened his own |D. old, small, black, wooden |
|restaurant. |19. Dan ….. his car window smashed by a falling tree branch. |
|A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. has been working |A. has B. had C. was having D. will have |
|10. Marilyn was sunburnt because she ….. on the beach for five hours. |20. If you have any ….. problems, please let me know. |
|A. had been sitting B. has sat C. has been sitting D. is sitting |A. further B. father C. furthest D. farthest |
78. Choose the correct item
|1.I don’t have ….. idea what you’re talking about. |11. ….. you wear warm clothes, you will catch a cold. |
|A. slight B. slighter C. the most slightest D. the slightest |A. In case B. If C. Unless D. Providing |
|2. It is ….. in the city than it is in the village. |12. ….. the bad weather, we had a wonderful holiday. |
|A. as noisy B. much noisy C. noisier D. more noise |A. Despite B. In spite C. Although D. Whereas |
|3. Sally is ….. responsible than Sarah. |13. I wish he ….. play the music so loudly. |
|A. so B. more C. much D. least |A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. won’t D. would |
|4. The more you learn, the ….. you’ll become. |14. It was ….. interesting book that I couldn’t put it down. |
|A. smart B. smarter C. smartest D. more smarter |A. so B. such C. such a D. such an |
|5. That red outfit is ….. trendy of all. |15. I put the heating on ….. the house would be warm. |
|A. the least B. less C. little D. fewer |A. in order to B. for C. so that D. in case |
|6. He is by far ….. tennis player I’ve ever seen. |16. I ….. you if I had known your number. |
|A. worse B. the most bad C. the baddest D. the worst |A. will call B. will have called C. would call D. would have called|
|7. Margaret ….. me where I had been all day. |17. The baby had fallen asleep ….. they got home. |
|A. told B. inquired C. asked D. said |A. by the time B. when C. after D. until |
|8. Greg’s mum ….. him not to touch the iron. |18. I’ll phone you ….. I get to the train station. |
|A. warned B. demanded C. threatened D. offered |A. after B. if C. when D. until |
|9. Amanda …… going to the beach at the weekend. |19. I didn’t know about the meeting because I …..told. |
|A. advised B. suggested C. promised D. warned |A. wasn’t B. haven’t been C. had been D. hadn’t been |
|10. I wish ….. to buy a new car. |20. ….. that he was a great athlete when he was young. |
|A. can afford B. could afford C. couldn’t afford D. would afford |A. It is said B. It says C. He is said D. He was said. |
79. Choose the correct item
|1. Charlie…….. recently……. to the dentist. |11. The show……at 9 o’clock. |
|A. has/been B. is/going C. has/been going |A. is ending B. will end C. ends |
|2. Candice sometimes…….. TV in the evening. |12. My dad……for work early every morning. |
|A. watch B. is watching C. watches |A. is leaving B. leaves C. has left |
|3. Craig has been a doctor…….ten years. |13. Wow, your house……great! |
|A. since B. for C. yet |A. is looking B. looked C. looks |
|4. I have……been to the theatre before. |14. Nowadays, people……more hours than before. |
|A. never B. ever C. seldom |A. works B. are working C. have been working |
|5. How long…..you……the piano? |15. Colin isn’t here; he…….to football practice. |
|A. are/playing B. has/played |A. has gone B. has been C. goes |
|C. have/been playing |16. I have lived in Spain……..I was ten. |
|6. I never…….George at school. |A. ever B. for C. since |
|A. see B. have seen C. am seeing |17. Jason …….still……..in the garden. |
|7. John has…….finished his homework. |A. is/working B. has/worked |
|A. yet B. already C. since |C. has/been working |
|8. I……..with what you are saying. |18. This soup……awful! |
|A. agree B. am agreeing C. have agreed |A. is tasting B. taste C. tastes |
|9. We…….a party tomorrow. |19. Ken…….twenty emails since this morning. |
|A. have B. are having C. have been having |A. has send B. has been sending C. has sent |
|10. I ……Joan is very nice. |20. Tracy seldom…….to the cinema. |
|A. am thinking B. have thought C. think |A. has gone B. goes C. has been |
80. Choose the correct item
|1. The baby often……at night. |11. My watch is too slow, I want ….. . |
|A. is crying B. cry C. cries |A. it has been repaired B. to have repaired it C. to have it |
|2. The boys……to CDs in their bedroom now. |repaired |
|A. listen B. are listening C. listens |12. Tammy was tired. She………all day. |
|3. Joe is ……..on time for school. She’s never late. |A. studied B. had been studying |
|A. usually B. rarely C. always |C. was studying. |
|4. …….have you been working as a teacher? |13. He ……waiting for the bus when it started snowing. |
|A. When B. How long ago C. How long |A. is B. were C. was |
|5. Who……my shoes? They’re dirty! |14. They…….have a dog. |
|A. is wearing B. has been wearing C. wears |A. used to B. would C. used |
|6. Leonardo da Vinci……many paintings. |15. He left an hour……. . |
|A. had painted B. painted C. was painting |A. before B. ago C. last |
|7. The game…….by the time they arrived. |16. The concert…….before I arrived. |
|A. had finished B. had been finishing |A. had started B. started C. starts |
|C. finished |17. When I was young, I………take dance lessons. |
|8. He watched TV……he had finished his homework. |A. used to B. would C. was going to |
|A. before B. after C. until |18. I…….Matthew for a long time. |
|9. Charlie……the dog when it started to rain. |A. wasn’t seeing B. haven’t been seeing |
|A. walked B. had been walking |C. haven’t seen |
|C. was walking |19. The students were screaming…….the teacher walked in. |
|10. Angela…..read a book but she fell asleep. |A. after B. when C. while |
|A. would B. was going to C. used to |20. Paul’s eyes were red; he…….for hours. |
| |A. was reading B. had been reading C. had read |
81. Choose the correct item
|1. By 3 o’clock, Steve…….all the house. |11. I’m sure I……pass my exam. |
|A. cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaning |A. was going to B. should C. will |
|2. I……..in the park at 5 p.m. yesterday. |12. By tonight, Kelly……her Science project. |
|A. jogged B. had jogged C. was jogging |A. will finish B. will be finishing C. will have finished |
|3. Jane couldn’t open her door; she…….her keys. |13. I…….tennis later this afternoon. |
|A. forgot B. had forgotten C. was forgetting |A. will be playing B. will play C. will have played |
|4. My friends…….at my house at 6 o’clock. |14. The students…….on a school trip next month. |
|A. arrived B. had arrived C. were arriving |A. will go B. will have gone C. are going |
|5. It’s too noisy here but I’ll………it. |15. Next week, I……in the mountains. |
|A. used to B. get used to C. been used to |A. am skiing B. will be skiing C. will ski |
|6. John was dirty. He …….in the garden. |16. He …….be twelve next month. |
|A. was working B. had worked |A. are going to B. will C. shall |
|C. had been working |17. Stacy…….visit Ann next week. |
|7. As I was leaving the house, Jane…… . |A. is going to B. will de C. will have |
|A. called B. was calling C. had called |18. The film…….at 8’clock. |
|8. She……..the house and got into her car. |A. will start B. will be starting C. starts |
|A. had left B. was leaving C. left |19. I……dinner by the time they arrive. |
|9. What time……they come home last night? |A. will cook B. will be cooking |
|A. do B. did C. does |C. will have cooked |
|10. She was cooking while the children…… . |20. I’ll call you as soon as I……..at the hotel. |
|A. had slept B. slept C. were sleeping |A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrives |
82. Choose the correct item
|1. What……you…….this weekend? |11. Dinner will be ready when you……home. |
|A. are/doing B. will/do C. will/be doing |A. will get B. get C. got |
|2. Curtis…….probably…….late tonight. |12. I expect Nick…..us soon. |
|A. be/working B. will/working C. will/work |A. will call B. is calling C. is going to call |
|3. I’m tired; I ……stay home tonight. |13. This time tomorrow, I……in the lake. |
|A. am going to B. shall C. will |A. will fish B. will be fishing C. fish |
|4. …….call me later? |14. Be careful! You……on the steps. |
|A. Will you B. Are you going C. Shall you |A. will trip B. are tripping C. are going to trip |
|5. They promised that they……..be late. |15. By June, she……in the school for 10 years. |
|A. aren’t going to B. will have C. won’t |A. will teach B. is teaching |
|6. I’m hungry. I ……..make a sandwich. |C. will have been teaching |
|A. am going to B. shall C. will |16. They sat for hours……coffee. |
|7. The children…….their grandparents tonight. |A. to drink B. drank C. drinking |
|A. are visiting B. visit C. will visit |17. He is said ……to her party. |
|8. Anna looks very upset. She……..cry. |A. to be invited B. to have been invited C. to invite. |
|A. will B. will have C. is going to |18. Tammy is excited ……London. |
|9. On their anniversary tomorrow, they……. for 25 years! |A. to visit B. visiting C. visit |
|A. will be married B. will have been married |19. She hopes…….a pay rise soon. |
|C. are marrying |A. to give B. to be given C. give |
|10. …….we going to the concert tonight? |20. I regret…….Stacy my secret. She told it to everyone. |
|A. Will B. Shall C. Are |A. telling B. to tell C. have told |
83. Choose the correct item
|1. Theresa is afraid……what she thinks. |12. He can’t……very much. He didn’t pass the exam. |
|A. to say B. saying C. to be saying |A. be studying B. study C. have studied |
|2. Do you mind…….the window? |13. Mary tried……the door but couldn’t. |
|A. to close B. closing C. close |A. to open B. opening C. to opening |
|3. Fred enjoys …….in his free time. |14. They went on……all night. |
|A. to draw B. to be drawing C. drawing |A. dance B. to dance C. dancing |
|4. I saw Joe……down the street. |15. Paul is ……; he never stops talking. |
|A. to run B. running C. runs |A. annoyed B. annoy C. annoying |
|5. Your hair needs….; it’s very long. |16. My dad promised……us to the football game. |
|A. cut B. cutting C. to cut |A. take B. to take C. taking |
|6. My family goes……in the lake by our house. |17. Monica is worried about……her exams. |
|A. to swim B. swim C. swimming |A. having passed B. to pass C. passing |
|7. Carl is ……by dinosaurs. |18. Carl claims…….football with David Beckham. |
|A. fascinated B. fascinate C. Fascinating |A. to be playing B. to have been playing C. to have played |
|8. I’d love ......at a nice restaurant tonight. |19. He doesn’t allow……in class. |
|A. eating B. to eat C. to be eating |A. to talk B. talk C. talking |
|9. Mike stopped…….some milk at the market. |20. Fred postponed…… to India until next year. |
|A. buying B. buy C. to buy |A. travelling B. to travel C. having travelled |
|10. She appears…..for hours. The house looks spotless! | |
|A. to have cleaned B. to have been cleaning C. cleaning | |
|11. She would rather……a book than watch TV. | |
|A. read B. to read C. reading | |
84. Choose the correct item
|1. Sandy…..see someone in the dark. |12. Paul….. have screamed at Julie. She is upset. |
|A. could B. was able C. ought to |A. ought to B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t |
|2. John……work late last night. |13. You…..litter in the park. It’s not allowed. |
|A. must B. had better C. had to |A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t |
|3. Sorry, sir but you……eat in the theatre. |14. ……I use your phone, Mr Thompson? |
|A. shouldn’t B. better not C. mustn’t |A. Must B. Shall C. Could |
|4. Bob is sleeping. He……be tired. |15. I……study tonight. Tomorrow is Saturday. |
|A. might B. will C. shall |A. shouldn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t |
|5. Paula……to reach the top of the mountain. |16. ……you give me a lift to the train station, please? |
|A. can B. could C. was able |A. Would B. Ought C. Should |
|6. Where’s Joe? He ……have arrived by now. |17. ……going to the theatre tonight? |
|A. ought to B. must C. could |A. Let’s B. We could C. What about |
|7. You……go to the party; only if you want to. |18. Jane……have left the house. She isn’t answering the phone. |
|A. don’t have to B. needn’t C. shouldn’t |A. could B. must C. might |
|8. Jo…..leave school early yesterday. |19. We…..to go to the supermarket because we had lots of food. |
|A. could B. was allowed to C. might |A. needn’t have B. don’t need C. didn’t need |
|9. You……have brought food. I have lots here. |20. I think you…..exercise more often. |
|A. needn’t B. didn’t C. mustn’t |A. must B. had better C. should |
|10. Be careful! You …….have tripped on the stairs. | |
|A. might B. should C. could | |
|11. Tim …..go to the concert. He has to work. | |
|A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t | |
85. Choose the correct item
|1. The baby…..be tired; he just woke up.. |12. The cat …..the mice in the garden. |
|A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t |A. chases B. is chased C. was chased |
|2. …….you like me to help you? |13. My purse…..on the train. |
|A. Would B. Shall C. Will |A. stole B. was stolen C. was stole |
|3. Visitors……have a picnic in the park. |14. The film Avatar……by James Cameron. |
|A. must B. can C. might |A. directed B. was directed C. had been directed |
|4. ……I have a glass of water, please? |15. The children…..to a party. |
|A. May B. Shall C. Would |A. is invited B. have invited C. have been invited |
|5. Everyone…..to help the poor. |16. The robbers…..last night. |
|A. had better B. should C. ought |A. caught B. were caught C. are caught |
|6. Karen doesn’t like……what to do. |17. The trees were planted……a shovel. |
|A. be told B. being told C. telling |A. with B. by C. of |
|7. ……this dress…..of silk? |18. Many people…..in ghosts. |
|A. Was/make B. Has/made C. Is/made |A. are believed B. believed C. is believed |
|8. The children…..the baby. |19. Breakfast…….every morning in the garden. |
|A. were awaken B. woke C. were woken |A. serves B. are served C. is served |
|9. When….. the Eiffel Tower…..? |20. The baby was covered…..a blanket. |
|A. has/built B. is/built C. was/built |A. by B. with C. for |
|10. I….. to pay for the damage. | |
|A. made B. was made C. have made | |
|11. It …..that people will live in space soon. | |
|A. is believed B. believes C. had believed | |
86. Choose the correct item
|1. We didn’t have a map, so we soon…… . |11. If the children…..their rooms, they can’t go to play. |
|A. lost B. get lost C. got lost |A. clean B. don’t clean C. hadn’t cleaned |
|2. Jill…..a parking ticket yesterday. |12. If I……you, I’d tell her the truth. |
|A. gives B. was gave C. was given |A. am B. were C. had been |
|3. The new sports centre……by the Mayor. |13. If only I…..the concert last night. |
|A. was opened B. opened C. opening |A. could see B. saw C. had seen |
|4. Poor Silvia, she was kicked……a horse. |14. ……as you behave yourself, you can join us. |
|A. with B. from C. by |A. As long B. Provided C. Unless |
|5. …..Julie invited to the party? |15. The team…..Saturday’s match if they had played better. |
|A. Has B. Was C Are |A. didn’t lose B. hadn’t lost C. wouldn’t have lost |
|6. Nobody has been told, …..? |16. I wish I ….. the car keys. |
|A. haven’t they B. hasn’t he C. have they |A. find B. could find C. would find |
|7. The film must…..by noon. |17. We will go to the concert if we ….. our work. |
|A. develop B. developed C. be developed |A. finish B. finished C. had finished |
|8. A package…..for you. |18. The plans ….. unless you water them. |
|A. has been delivered B. had delivered C. was being delivered |A. won’t die B. die C. will die |
|9. Sorry, cameras……in the theatre. |19. If you add three and four, you ….. seven. |
|A. not allowed B. are not allowed C. don’t allow |A. would get B. get C. got |
|10. The shopping centre……next month. |20. Jane wishes she ….. a house. |
|A. has completed B. is completed C. will be completed |A. owns B. owned C. had owned |
87. Choose the correct item
|1. How ….. you suggest such thing to me knowing that I hate it? |12. You ….. our team play! You have missed a lot. |
|A. must B. may C. should D. dare |A. could see B. should have seen C. had to see D. must have seen |
|2. I’ve just watered the flowers! |13. The man wasn’t old. He ….. more than fifty. |
|- You ….. them. Look, it’s raining now. |A. mustn’t be B. could have been C. can’t have been D. should be |
|A. didn’t have watered B. needn’t have watered C. couldn’t have |14. Belinda ….. spent all the money. She can’t pay the rent. |
|watered D. mustn’t have watered |A. might have B. must have C. should have D. can’t have |
|3. There was no choice for me, so I ….. agree to everything they |15. Greg ….. his aunt to the station himself last night because he |
|offered. |can’t drive. |
|A. should B. ought to C. had to D. could |A. can’t have driven B. must have driven C. should have driven D. |
|4. – I can’t find my bag anywhere. |couldn’t have driven |
|-You ….. it in the shop. |16. You ….. apologized to Diana as you were impolite to her. |
|A. mustn’t have left B. should have left C. had to leave D. might |A. shouldn’t have B. should have C. needn’t have D. can’t have |
|have left |17. When Tracy woke up in the morning, the light was on. She ….. to |
|5. As there’s no hurry, you ….. do it at once. |turn it off. |
|A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can |A. must have forgotten B. could have forgotten C. should have |
|6. You ….. the bathtub after you’ve used it. |forgotten D. might forget |
|A. can clean B. mustn’t clean C. needn’t have cleaned D. shouldn’t |18. You ….. make notes in the books. It’s prohibited. |
|have cleaned |A. can’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t |
|7. You …… Angela at the party. She was at home working at her English.|19. I ….. go to the library, as I had all the books I needed. |
|A. might have seen B. can’t have seen C. must have seen D. should |A. mustn’t B. didn’t have to C. needn’t D. couldn’t |
|have seen |20. Harry ….. at work till ten, so he ignored his alarm clock. |
|8. Collin doesn’t want to go swimming with his friends because he is |A. mustn’t be B. couldn’t be C. didn’t have to be D. shouldn’t be |
|afraid he …. drawn. | |
|A. may B. should C. will D. must | |
|9. The book is very valuable. You ….. lose it. | |
|A. needn’t B. can C. may D. mustn’t | |
|10. ….. I take this book? | |
|- Certainly, but you ….. give it to anybody. | |
|A. Could, might B. May, can’t C. Should, needn’t D. Can, might | |
|11. I ….. read the letter twice before I understood it. | |
|A. had to B. ought to C. must D. could | |
88. Choose the correct item
|1. Fiona spends ages ….. her hair in the morning. |11. This dress won’t ….. for a wedding. |
|A. making B. doing C. having made D. having done |A. do B. have done C. make D. have made |
|2. The company ….. a big loss this year. They will probably go |12. One swallow ….. a summer. |
|bankrupt. |A. don’t make B. doesn’t make C. did D. does |
|A. did B. made C. has done D. has made |13. Would you ….. me a favour? |
|3. We ….. 5 miles on our walk the other day. |A. make B. do C. made D. have done |
|A. made B. will make C. do D. did |14. It ….. me so angry to see a cruel attitude to animals. |
|4. Millie’s husband ….. all the shopping and cooking. |A. makes B. make C. do D. does |
|A. does B. makes C. is making D. is doing |15. Five and three ….. eight. |
|5. Brian’s aim in life was ….. money. |A. do B. does C. make D. makes |
|A. making B. doing C. to make D. to do |16. Do you think Ann’s bad mood has anything …… with what Peter said?|
|6. Phil ….. Chemistry at university last year. |A. done B. doing C. made D. to do |
|A. made B. did C. had made D. had done |17. The full story ….. public last year. |
|7. You’ve been thinking so long. Come on, it’s time ….. a decision. |A. was done B. was being done C. made D. was made |
|A. to make B. to do C. to be made D. to be done |18. Sally tried ….. a good impression on the interviewer. |
|8. Larry has been working so much lately. A short break ….. him good. |A. making B. to make C. to do D. doing |
|A. made B. did C. will make D. will do |19. Timothy keeps ….. the same mistakes. |
|9. Barbara’s decision ….. her very unpopular with the staff but she |A. to make B. to do C. doing D. making |
|couldn’t understand it. |20. The kids have ….. a terrible mess. |
|A. did B. made C. have made D. have done |A. done B. been doing C. made D. have been making |
|10. David is going ….. Jane his assistant. | |
|A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made | |
89. Choose the correct item
|1. I wish I……..play the piano better. |11. If I had the day off, I……to the beach. |
|A. would B. can C. could |A. had gone B. went C. would go |
|2. If she had finished earlier, she……..to the party tonight. |12. …….it rains, we will go camping. |
|A. will be going B. would be going C. was going |A. If B. Unless C. As long as |
|3. Stacy……if we had asked her. |13. If Tim had money, he…..on holiday this year. |
|A. would have helped B. can help |A. would have gone B. be going C. went |
|C. could help |14. If only Tara……and broken her leg. |
|4. My parents wish I……study more. |A. fell B. hadn’t fallen C. would fall |
|A. could B. had C. would |15. If you …..hard, you could get a raise. |
|5. You can go to the party……that you’re home before midnight. |A. had worked B. worked C. work |
|A. unless B. provided C. as long |16. Look…..fast he swims! |
|6. If I…….Paul, he wouldn’t have overslept. |A. what B. so C. how |
|A. call B. called C. had called |17. She arrived early……to help with the party. |
|7. If you hadn’t studied, you…….the exam. |A. in order B. in case C. so that |
|A. will fail B. would have failed C. had failed |18. ……, I would like to thank you for listening. |
|8. If only it…..stop snowing. |A. In summary B. At first C. In conclusion |
|A. would B. will C. could |19. The meeting won’t start……everyone is here. |
|9. John wishes he……more for the exam. |A. when B. until C. by the time |
|A. studied B. studies C. had studied |20. Parents have to be firm with their children, ….. ? |
|10. I’ll lend you money…….you pay it back soon. |A. don’t they B. haven’t they C. have they |
|A. unless B. if C. even if | |
90. Choose the correct item
|1. We will eat dinner when the guests……. . |12. Mark studied a lot……he would pass the exam. |
|A. arrive B. will arrive C. are arriving |A. in case B. in order C. so that |
|2. They had a map. They got lost, …… . |13. Sam played tennis……feeling sick. |
|A. whereas B. while C. though |A. despite B. although C. though |
|3. I’ll call you……I finish work. |14. That house,……was sold yesterday, is 200 years old. |
|A. when B. if C. whenever |A. where B. whose C. which |
|4. My sister, ……is very smart, failed the exam. |15. Her shoes were……small that her feet hurt. |
|A. that B. which C. who |A. too B. so C. such |
|5. Vegetables…….broccoli contain vitamin C. |16. Susan had finished cleaning the house…… I arrived. |
|A. such as B. also C. as well as |A. until B. by the time C. as soon as |
|6. ……it was cold out, Jan didn’t wear a coat. |17. This is the hotel……rooms have a view of the sea. |
|A. Despite B. Even though C. While |A. whose B. where C. which |
|7. Let’s hurry……to miss the bus. |18. He stayed in bed……he felt ill. |
|A. so as not B. so that C. in case |A. due B. so C. because |
|8. Jane called her parents…….she returned home. |19. Pam is a good athlete……a talented writer. |
|A. while B. the moment C. since |A. also B. as well as C. moreover |
|9. It is…..good film that we saw it twice. |20. ……it be fun to go dancing tonight! |
|A. such B. so C. such a |A. What B. How C. Wouldn’t |
|10. ……he was late, he took a taxi. | |
|A. While B. Since C. When | |
|11. Tonia will take ballet lessons when she ……eight. | |
|A. is B. will have been C. will be | |
91. Choose the correct item
|1. The teacher said water…….at 0°C. |11. Mike said he……the book months before. |
|A. is freezing B. had frozen C. freezes |A. has read B. had read C. read |
|2. He…….to help me with my homework. |12. Karen told us she……play tennis today. |
|A. suggested B. offered C. insisted |A. may B. can C. might |
|3. Molly said she…….to him the day before. |13. Jane said she……to our party. |
|A. had spoken B. spoke C. has spoken |A. will go B. is going C. would go |
|4. Mia asked how long she……cook the pie. |14. He asked me……I liked his car. |
|A. should B. will C. would |A. did B. if C. do |
|5. He asked me if I……when the bank opened. |15. The doctor advised him…..in bed for three days. |
|A. know B. had know C. knew |A. to stay B . should stay C. stay |
|6. He …….to write every day. |16. The teacher asked me where I…… . |
|A. offered B. promised C. ordered |A. am going B. was going C. have been |
|7. The boys said they……for hours. |17. Mum says it…….time for bed. |
|A. have been studying B. had been studying C. studied |A. is B. was C. were |
|8. My friends suggested…….a film later. |18. Maggie said she…….play tennis very well. |
|A. watching B. to watch C. watch |A. can B. could C. would be able |
|9. Steve……for yelling at me. |19. Mary…….to us she would be late for dinner. |
|A. admitted B. denied C. apologised |A. told B. warned C. said |
|10. She……me to pay the telephone bill. |20. Nancy…….to meet us in the park. |
|A. promised B. suggested C. reminded |A. suggested B. complained C. agreed |
92. Choose the correct item
|1. She asked what time we would be…… . |11. Marie often volunteers to help…..poor. |
|A. there B. here C. then |A. the B. a C. – |
|2. Carrie told Joe…….leave the house. |12. The information…….incorrect; please change it. |
|A. don’t B. not to C. did not |A. is B. are C. were |
|3. Roy asked Chelsea……..she knew how to ski. |13. Now that he is married, Joe has three….. . |
|A. what B. how C. whether |A. brother-in-laws B. brothers-in-law C. brother-in-law |
|4. Ted told Carla that he…..15 years old. |14. Sonia is……my best friend. |
|A. is B. will be C. was |A. - B. a C. the |
|5. She……..me she was happy. |15. We need to collect some……for the fire. |
|A. told B. said C. asked |A. wood B. woods C. wooden |
|6. I think……English are very polite people. |16. Theresa wants to buy…….computer. |
|A. - B. the C. a |A. the B. a C.- |
|7. Tracy wants to visit……Central Park in New York. |17. We are going to the south of…….France. |
|A. - B. the C. a |A. the B. a C. – |
|8. I am right, …..? |18. Could I have……slice of bread, please? |
|A. aren’t me B. am not I C. aren’t I |A. some B.- C. a |
|9. They’ve got two……and a son. |19. This class…….the brightest in the school. |
|A. sons B. daughter C. daughters |A. is B. are C. has been |
|10. Can you buy……fruit from the green grocer’s? |20. Would you like to……an appointment? |
|A. a B. three C. some |A. make B. do C. have |
93. Choose the correct item
|1.The film will have finished ….. 10 o’clock. |11. Look out! You …..! |
|A. until B. by C. before |A. are falling B. are going to fall C. will fall |
|2. My parents ….. in a big house in the country. |12. I ….. my wallet. I can’t find it anywhere. |
|A. used to live B. would live C. used to living |A. have lost B. had lost C. lost |
|3. I ….. Eliza tonight, so I’ll tell her the news. |13. The train ….. London at three o’clock. |
|A. will see B. am seeing C. will have been seeing |A. will leave B. is leaving C. leaves |
|4. ….. did the Greens move to Toronto? |14. You’re late. I ….. for half an hour. |
|A. While B. How long C. How long ago |A. am waiting B. have waited C. have been waiting |
|5. Alex ….. the doctor this afternoon. |15. The plane ….. by the time I reached the airport. |
|A. is seeing B. sees C. will have seen |A. already left B. have already left C. had already left |
|6. Drake ….. the bank. He hasn’t come back yet. |16. John and Mike ….. with friends at the moment. |
|A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in |A. are staying B. have been staying C. stay |
|7. By the end of the day, Tina ….. for ten hours. |17. The new library ….. by the mayor next week. |
|A. will be working B. will have worked C. will have been working |A. is going to be opened B. is opening C. is opened |
|8. This shampoo ….. of roses. |18. Life ….. on other planets yet. |
|A. smells B. is smelling C. has been smelling |A. hasn’t been found B. isn’t found C. wasn’t found |
|9. I promise I ….. home in time for dinner. |19. The new shopping centre ….. outside the city centre. |
|A. will be B. will have been C. am going to be |A. will build B. is being built C. has built |
|10. Julia ….. eats broccoli because she doesn’t like it. |20. The star athlete ….. to win the competition. |
|A. never B. ever C. always |A. is being expected B. was expected C. has expected |
94. Choose the correct item
|1.We congratulated Joe ….. passing his driving test. |11. Mr. Smith wants to set ….. his own business. |
|A. on B. for C. with |A. up B. off C. out |
|2. Ricky was so convincing that Rita fell ….. his lies. |12. Laura is very upset ….. losing her job. |
|A. in with B. behind C. for |A. for B. about C. with |
|3. “You can always turn ….. me for help,” he said to me. |13. Harry translated the poem ….. German for his teacher. |
|A. on B. to C. out |A. into B. of C. from |
|4. Nick has taken ….. jogging to keep fit. |14. I got on a wrong bus ….. mistake. |
|A. over B. down C. up |A. at B. for C. by |
|5. Amanda takes ….. her mother. She is very sensitive. |15. I can’t think ….. anything to wear to the party. |
|A. after B. down C. over |A. about B. of C. on |
|6. I can’t forgive her ….. ruining my favourite dress. |16. I ran ….. some old records while I was tidying the attic. |
|A. about B. of C. for |A. into B. across C. after |
|7. There are no trains today because the drivers are ….. strike. |17. Mum told me to keep an eye ….. my little brother. |
|A. in B. on C. at |A. at B. on C. with |
|8. Frank still hasn’t got ….. the death of his dog. |18. I’m a bit short ….. time. Can we talk later? |
|A. off B. out C. over |A. of B. on C. in |
|9. Willy turned ….. 20 minutes late for the meeting. |19. We ran ….. sugar, so I sent Helen to the shops. |
|A. out B. down C. up |A. out of B. into C. after |
|10. Inga must be home by ten o’clock ….. the latest. |20. Ned had been looking ….. a part-time job for months before he |
|A. in B. on C. at |found one. |
| |A. forward to B. for C. up |
95. Choose the correct item
|1.Wendy was satisfied …. . her school report. |11. It was very rude ….. you to interrupt me. |
|A. of B. with C. about |A. with B. of C. for |
|2. We put ….. the game because of the bad weather. |12. My favourite author brought ….. a new book last month. |
|A. out B. on C. off |A. out B. up C. about |
|3. My little brother is terrified ….. the dark. |13. Could you hold ….., please? I’m busy at the moment. |
|A. about B. with C. of |A. up B. back C. on |
|4. The secretary put me ….. to the headmaster. |14. Mrs. Jones couldn’t deal ….. all the housework, so she hired a |
|A. up B. through C. down |cleaner. |
|5. We were very surprised ….. the result. |A. of B. with C. on |
|A. by B. of C. from |15. “Carry ….. your work until I get back,” said the teacher. |
|6. I couldn’t make ….. the name, the writing was too small. |A. out B. up C. on with |
|A. out B. up C. for |16. Cindy is very clever ….. telling stories. |
|7. Andrea has a good relationship ….. her parents. |A. in B. on C. at |
|A. to B. between C. with |17. When Claire told the joke, her friends broke ….. laughter. |
|8. Jeff made ….. an excuse to explain his lateness. |A. out B. into C. up |
|A. out B. up C. for |18. Margaret blamed Eddy ….. the accident. |
|9. Why didn’t you remind me ….. the meeting today? |A. on B. for C. in |
|A. about B. for C. to |19. Carol lost contact ….. her friends when she moved away. |
|10. Mike didn’t reply ….. Sue’s email. |A. of B. with C. about |
|A. for B. at C. to |20. The bus was crowded …… passengers and there was nowhere to sit. |
| |A. of B. for C. with |
96. Choose the correct item
|1. Marco is studying……History. |11.Timmy…..his teeth……by himself. |
|A. the B. a C. – |A. has/brushed B. had/brushed C. brushes/- |
|2. Do you have …….baggage? |12. Ted……his arm…..in a car accident. |
|A. many B. any C. a |A. has/broken B. had/broke C. had/broken |
|3. Jane will go to …….university in September. |13. She likes…..her meals…..by a chef. |
|A. a B. the C. – |A. to have/prepare B. having/prepared C. preparing/- |
|4. Let’s go to……beach today. |14.Mark……already……his computer. |
|A. a B. - C. the |A. had/repaired B. repaired/- C. have/repaired |
|5. Nothing came in the post, ….. ? |15. Please…..your report…..by the secretary. |
|A. did it B. didn’t it C. didn’t they |A. type/- B. to have/type C. have/typed |
|6. Natasha went to visit……friend. |16. Bob…..his homework……by the teacher. |
|A. the B. a C. – |A. had/checked B. checks/- C. has/check |
|7. Barry has three years of……working as teacher. |17. What time are you…..your hair…… today? |
|A. experiences B. experience C. experienced |A. have/cut B. cut/- C. having/cut |
|8. The shop’s staff……all happy to help customers. |18. Ann…..her birthday cake…..at the bakery. |
|A. are B. is C. was |A. had/make B. had/made C. make/- |
|9. The lift is not working; take…… . |19. She left her film at the lab to…..it…….. |
|A. the stair B. the stairs C. a stair |A. develop/- B. be/developed C. have/developed |
|10. His advice…….very helpful. |20. The children……their faces……. . |
|A. was B. were C. are |A. are having/painted B. are painting/- C. are having/paint |
97. Choose the correct item
|1. I……to camp every summer but now I have a summer job. |11. Claire works in a theatre. She…..a lot of actors so far. |
|A. used to go B. would go C. have gone D. am used to going |A. met B. has met C. is meeting D. had run |
|2. We…….our tickets months before we went on holiday. |12. His father won’t let him leave the house until he…..his room. |
|A. were booking B. have booked |A. cleaned B. will clean C. cleans D. is going to clean |
|C. had been booking D. had booked |13. You…..your magazines on the bed! Please clean up. |
|3. While Alex…..after the football, he fell and twisted his ankle. |A. are always leaving B. always left |
|A. ran B. has run C. was running D. had run |C. have always left D. had always left |
|4. Daniel…..in Australia for ten years before he moved to England. |14. It’s a pleasure……you, Timothy. |
|A. had lived B. lived C. have lived D. have been living |A. meet B. met C. to meet D. to meeting |
|5. I…..Bali. I went there on holiday last summer. |15. It’s no use……about it; there’s nothing you can do. |
|A. have gone to B. have been to |A. to worry B. worry C. worrying D. worried |
|C. have gone in D. have been in |16. …….too many sweets is bad for your teeth. |
|6. You……things! Please be more careful. |A. Having eaten B. Ate C. Eating D. Eaten |
|A. are always dropping B. always dropped C. have always dropped |17. Jake……phoned us; we already knew about the meeting. |
|D. had always dropped |A. may have B. needn’t have |
|7. Tom and Sarah…..for Dubai at 8 o’clock next Tuesday morning. |C. mustn’t have D. didn’t have to |
|A. have left B. had left C. are leaving D. have been leaving |18. You …..be late again or your parents will be informed. |
|8. These flowers…..nice. What are they? |A. don’t have to B. needn’t C. aren’t D. mustn’t |
|A. have smelt B. smell C. are smelling D. smelt |19. He…..to the cinema. |
|9. Kate…..hard all day so she was too tired to go out with friends. |A. often goes B. goes often C. is often going |
|A. is working B. has worked C. has been working D. had been |D. is going often |
|working |20.Jamal…..computer games for an hour now. |
|10. Amanda was listening to music while Nigel……computer games. |A. plays B. is playing C. has played D. has been playing |
|A. had played B. plays C. has been playing D. was playing | |
98. Choose the correct item
|1. It was clever of him……the crossword in five minutes. |11. …….interesting idea! |
|A. do B. to do C. doing D. did |A. How B. Which C. What D. What an |
|2. There will be a strike tomorrow, ….. ? |12. While they……to Stockholm, their car ran out of petrol. |
|A. will there B. won’t it C. won’t there D. will it |A. drove B. were driving C. had been driving D. have driven |
|3. She walked out of the room without ….. goodbye. |13. Mary regrets……so much money on clothes. |
|A. say B. saying C. to say D. to saying |A. to spend B. spend C. spent D. having spent |
|4. Mr Jones……Brussels. He’ll be back on Monday. |14. There’s ……lot of work! Do you think you could help me? |
|A. has been in B. has been to |A. such B. so a C. such a D. so |
|C. has gone in D. has gone to |15. ……pretty you look today! |
|5. We can’t go together. ….. he ….. I must go there. |A. What B. What a C. How D. Such |
|A. Neither ….. nor B. Either ….. or C. Both ….. and D. So….. as |16. Italy,……is a Mediterranean country, is visited by millions of |
|6. The man…..invented the telephone was called Alexander Graham Bell. |tourists each year. |
|A. which B. what C. whose D. who |A. what B. which C. whose D. where |
|7. We’ll ring them before we go in case they……busy. |17. You didn’t……me you were going on holiday. |
|A. are B. have been C. were D. had |A. tell B. say C. told D. said |
|8. They put their passports in a safe place…… lose them. |18. ……trying hard, I couldn’t solve the problem. |
|A. in case B. so as not to C. so that not |A. Despite the fact B. Although |
|D. not to |C. In spite of D. Whereas |
|9. I wish Mary could…… a little longer. |19. I have got a new car. - ….. has John. |
|A. stay B. to stay C. stays D. staying |A. Either B. So C. Neither D. Nor |
|10. We left the house early…..we would be sure to get to the theatre |20. Billiards…… his favourite game. |
|on time. |A. are B. any C. were D. is |
|A. in case B. so that C. for D. just as | |
99. Choose the correct item
|1. Rick didn’t……me he was looking for a part-time job. |11. It’s a pretty village but there’s ….. anything to do here. |
|A. say B. said C. tell D. told |A. hardly B. hard C. bare D. nearly |
|2. That’s the boy…..was rude to me. |12. Can I have two…..of cola, please? |
|A. what B. which C. whom D. who |A. slices B. jars C. cartons D. bottles |
|3. You should stop working so……. . |13. When Kyle finished school, he worked ….. a bank clerk. |
|A. hardly B. strong C. hard D. strongly |A. like B. as C. so D. to |
|4. If sounded…..a baby was crying but it was the neighbour’s cat. |14. “Which of these two dresses do you like?” |
|A. like B. as C. so D. if |“To be honest, I don’t like…….of them.” |
|5. We were having…..nice time at the party that we missed the last |A. any B. both C. one D. either |
|bus. |15. You must get here…..7 o’clock or else we will have to leave |
|A. so B. such C such a D. very |without you. |
|6. If you want to see the director, you’ll have to……an appointment. |A. until B. by C. on D. during |
|A. do B. make C. face D. construct |16. We got to the port just…..to catch the last ferry. |
|7. Kayla is…..more clever than her brother Ryan. |A. for time B. on time C. the time D. in time |
|A. much B. more C. most D. very |17. “Good morning ladies and gentlemen. …….your captain speaking.” |
|8. Margarine is……fattening than butter. |A. This is B. That is C. Those are D. These are |
|A. less B. least C. few D. fewer |18. Tina spent the…..day working on a project for her Science class. |
|9. Mozart is regarded……the greatest composer of his time. |A. all B. most C. whole D. much |
|A. such B. as C. like D. so |19. They didn’t manage to get to the concert……it was nearly over. |
|10. It is said that…..Swiss make the best chocolate. |A. by the time B. until C. before D. when |
|A. the B. any C. - D. some |20. For……information, contact the reception desk. |
| |A. farther B. further C. far D. furthest |
100. Choose the correct item
|1. He……his motorbike stolen last night. |11. How often…..your car serviced? |
|A. has B. had C. was |A. do you have B. have you C. you have |
|2. He’d better do it, …..? |12. He had his eyes…..yesterday. |
|A. hadn’t he B. wouldn’t be C. won’t he |A. tests B. tested C. test |
|3. Tim’s on vacation now, …..? |13. Emily was fond of Andrew, ….. he often annoyed her. |
|A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. wasn’t he |A. thus B. whether C. though |
|4. Leave the papers ….. they are. |14. Susan…..her picture taken when I called. |
|A. as B. whether C. though as |A. had B. was having C. is having |
|5. Tomorrow, Troy…..his house …… . |15. She……her nails done by the time I arrived at the salon. |
|A. will be/painted B. has/painted C. is having/painted |A. is having B. has had C. had had |
|6. “Do you wash your car?” |16. I’m……sorry for being late. |
|“No, I…….it ….. .” |A. terrible B. terribly C. more terrible |
|A. wash/- B. have/washed C. have/wash |17. The dog became more and……excited. |
|7. Did you……your hair……? |A. more B. most C. much |
|A. has/done B. do/done C. have/done |18. Daniel isn’t …..friendly as Tina. |
|8. Marcia…..her house…..yesterday. |A. rather B. as C. such |
|A. had/clean B. had/cleaned C. wants/cleaned |19. He wore his …..suit to the ball. |
|9. Boris…..his tonsils……today. |A. better B. best C. well |
|A. has/remove B. had/remove C. is having/removed |20. Tom is ……that Greg. |
|10. Poor Judy, she……her bag……on the bus. |A. most reliable B. more reliable C. more reliably |
|A. stole/- B. had/stole C. had/stolen | |
101. Choose the correct item
|1. If you need any……information, just ask me. |11. This is the…..day of my life! |
|A. far B. farther C. further |A. most special B. very special C. specialist |
|2. Next time, you should be……riding your bike. |12. Kelly dances……a ballerina. |
|A. carefully B. more carefully C. more careful |A. as B. like C. such |
|3. At the end of the night, I…..had any money left. |13. The teacher shouted……at the class. |
|A. hard B. much C. hardly |A. loud B. loudly C. the loudest |
|4. We live……the airport. |14. Maria was…..exhausted after working all night. |
|A. near B. nearly C. more near |A. totally B. a lot C. much |
|5. She has saved…..money to buy a computer. |15. Steve prefers the theatre……the cinema. |
|A. too B. enough C. so |A. than B. then C. to |
|6. Mike is the…..player in the team. |16. He arrived……than I expected. |
|A. worse B. bad C. worst |A. early B. more early C. earlier |
|7. You need to think……about what to do. |17. This is.…..expensive watch in the shop. |
|A. sensibly B. sensible C. sensibely |A. lesser B. a little C. the least |
|8. He is known ……a great writer. |18. He’s ……..taller than his brother. |
|A. like B. for C. as |A. very B. too C. a bit |
|9. Terry goes to the gym…… . |19. He is……angry to talk right now. |
|A. always B. every day C. usually |A. too B. very C. enough |
|10. Don’t drive……near schools. |20. There is a…….vase on the table. |
|A. faster B. fast C. fastly |A. small, nice, porcelain B. porcelain, small, nice C. nice, |
| |small, porcelain |
102. Choose the correct item
|1.To my ….., no one was there. |12. The company should ….. even in two or three years. |
|A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. amazement |A. break B. make C. get D. go |
|2. Can I ….. your brains for a minute? |13. Don’t be so big- ….. . You’re not the only clever person here. |
|A. pick B. take C. borrow D. catch |A. headed B. minded C. brained D. faced |
|3. We saw a wonderful ….. of Hamlet at the local theatre. |14. He’s very ….. – minded and always forgets things. |
|A. performer B. performing C. performed D. performance |A. narrow B. open C. broad D. absent |
|4. The thing I love is an incredibly ….. description. |15. You’ve got to ….. up to what is happening in the world. |
|A. vital B. visual C. virtual D. vivid |A. get B. wake C. make D. take |
|5. I hate the way he looks down his ….. at us. |16. He’s a very ….. child at times. |
|A. face B. eye C. nose D. chin |A. destructing B. destroyed C. destructive D. destruction |
|6. I could see at a ….. that something was wrong. |17. He admitted ….. the money. |
|A. look B. glance C. sight D. stare |A. stealing B. for stealing C. of stealing D. to steal |
|7. People have a ….. to be unfriendly to strangers. |18. Every time I hear this, it makes me fall asleep: it’s so …… . |
|A. belief B. thought C. tendency D. rule |A. uplifting B. rhythmic C. graceful D. soporific |
|8. Be early. It’s ….. to be crowded. |19. The artist painted a ….. of a bowl of fruit. |
|A. bound B. permitted C. required D. obliged |A. landscape B. portrait C. sculpture D. still life |
|9. The door ….. shut with a bang. |20. Don’t look so surprised. It’s a tried and ….. method of catching |
|A. swung B. flew C. slammed D. yelled |fish. |
|10. I sometimes …… because of an accident I had when I was a child. |A. worked B. tested C. found D. succeeded |
|A. stroll B. limp C. stumble D. wander | |
|11. The actors were standing ….. waiting to go on. | |
|A. backstage B. in the stall C. in the box office D. in the chorus | |
103. Choose the correct item
|1. Violet’s a really ….. person. She’s always smiling. |10.He ….. me by the neck and demanded all the money. |
|A. sensible B. interesting C. talkative D. cheerful |A. pointed B. touched C. carried D. grabbed 11. She’s a very ….. |
|2. Jimmy came back from his holiday in Argentina looking really ….. . |writer, one day she’ll be famous. |
|A. tanned B. sunned C. coloured D. Darkened |A. successful B. promising C. well-known D. excellent |
|3. I have no ….. what time the pool opens. |12. Mandy ….. everything I wanted to know. |
|A. belief B. opinion C. idea D. feeling |A. spoke B. told C. talked D. explained |
|4. Laura rarely leaves the house without ….. her make-up on. |13. You are in great ….! What have you done? |
|A. doing B. putting C. having D. getting |A. figure B. shape C. fitness D. body |
|5. It was a great meal, but pretty expensive. Just look at the ….. ! |14. The meat is delicious. You are an excellent …..! |
|A. ticket B. recipe C. invoice D. bill |A. chef B. cook C. cuisine D. cooker |
|6. It was a beautiful day so we went on a boat ….. on the lake. |15. Shall we……a cake for your birthday? |
|A. ride B. travel C. drive D. sightseeing |A. boil B. grill C. cook D. bake |
|7. Could you ….. me that book for a couple of days, please? |16. Could you…..your name here, please? |
|A. lend B. owe C. borrow D. rent |A. sign B. signal C. signature D. signing |
|8. Felix ….. that he hadn’t broken the computer, but no one believed |17. I’m enjoying myself but I’ probably live to ….. it. |
|him. |A. upset B. deny C. forget D. regret |
|A. reassured B. informed C. insisted D. persuaded |18. The house ….. fields so it is very quiet. |
|9. I hope this cut on my hand ….. quickly. |A. looks into B. looks out of C. backs onto D. backs up to |
|A. cures B. heals C. treats D restores |19. The house needs ….. up but it won’t take long. |
| |A. doing B. making C. taking D. working |
| |20. There’s a small bird’s ….. in our tree. |
| |A. hive B. nest C. kennel D. burrow |
104. Choose the correct item
|1. By the time they arrived at the beach, it ….. to rain. |10. Matthew ….. an expensive mountain bike last year. |
|A. was starting B. started C. had started D. had been starting |A. was buying B. had bought C. bought D. had been buying |
|2. By 2012, Sandra ….. ten countries in Europe. |11.I’m sure we ….. the match tomorrow. |
|A. had already been visiting B. was already visiting C. already |A. will be winning B. are going to win C. are winning D. will win |
|visited D. had already visited |12. I expect we ….. there in half an hour. |
|3. They ….. for two hours before they found the house. |A. are being B. will be C. are D. will have been |
|A. have walked B. had been walking C. walked D. are walking |13. Paul ….. in Oxford for five years by the end of the month. |
|4. The children were cold. They ….. in the snow all afternoon. |A. will be working B. will have been working C. will work D. is |
|A. had played B. had been playing c. were playing D. played |going to work |
|5. It was a chilly evening. A strong wind ….. and clouds were covering|14. I ….. see the Picasso exhibition at the National Gallery tomorrow.|
|the sky. |A. am going to B. will have gone to C. will be going to D. will go |
|A. was blowing B. blew C. had blown D. had been blowing |to |
|6. This time last week, I ….. an exam. |15. It’s really cold today. I think it ….. . |
|A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting |A. will be snowing B. is going to snow C. will snow D. will have |
|7. While Arnold was fixing the window, he ….. off the ladder. |been snowing |
|A. fell B. was falling C. had fallen D. had been falling |16. Andrew ….. sixteen years old on May 1st. |
|8. Lucy was gardening ….. Adam was painting the kitchen. |A. is being B. is going to be C. will be D. will have been |
|A. when B. as soon as C. after D. while |17. This time next week, I ….. to Jamaica. |
|9. Mark ….. tennis every day during the summer holidays. |A. fly B. will be flying C. will fly D. am going to fly |
|A. is playing B. had played C. had been playing D. played |18. He ….. to Paris by the time I arrive in London. |
| |A. will have flown B. will be flying C. is going to fly D. will |
| |have been flying |
| |19. A young girl ….. by a firefighter yesterday. |
| |A. is rescued B. was rescued C. has been rescued D. had been |
| |rescued |
| |20. I don’t like ….. what to do. |
| |A. telling B. to tell C. being told D. been told |
105. Choose the correct item
|1. All of their vegetables are home….. . |11. The cruise was cancelled due to the…… sea. |
|A. grown B. made C. done D. fixed |A. calm B. rough C. open D. dark |
|2. How…….have you been working here? |12. Ann loves to……every new fashion. |
|A. far B. many C. much D. long |A. start B. follow C. sit D. pass |
|3. The cottage has got a thatched……. . |13. What was your first……of the new Maths teacher? Was she nice? |
|A. harden B. door C. window D. roof |A. look B. view C. impression D. sight |
|4. Mark has……been to Spain for his holidays. |14. The road was blocked so we had to take an alternative……via |
|A. last B. ago C. recently D. before |Arlington Avenue. |
|5. “Where can he have gone?” he……. . |A. path B. route C. street D. lane |
|A. suggested B. wondered C. explained D. begged |15. Mrs. Smith was a rather old-fashioned woman with……beliefs. |
|6. It’s a film about a famous……who discovered an island no one had |A. conventional B. adventurous |
|ever travelled to before. |C. imaginative D. immature |
|A. pilgrim B. sightseer C. explorer D. backpacker |16. The minister was in the public……after the scandal was exposed. |
|7. Our boss is very……; she’s always calm and relaxed. |A. eye B. service C. interest D. light |
|A. self-centred B. easy-going |17. Bill is on a business……..in Mexico. |
|C. down-to-earth D. level-headed |A. travel B. trip C. journey D. voyage |
|8. He’s called her ten times already and insisted on speaking to her. |18. The President, who signed a peace…….. with a number of countries |
|He’s very……. . |in 1994, is enjoying the full support of his people. |
|A. patient B. persuasive C. persistent D. punctual |A. agreement B. treaty C. union D. truce |
|9. The government has decided to increase the monthly…….of civil |19. Tony has been….at Manchester University. |
|servants. |A. accepted B. promoted C. appointed D. passed |
|A. wage B. salary C. money D. interests |20. We need a bit of……to win. |
|10. The company has more than one owner; there’s Mr. Peters and his |A. chance B. luck C. fortune D. accident |
|two…… . | |
|A. colleagues B. personnel C. employees D. partners | |
106. Choose the correct item
|1. Language can change the…….of history and affect the behaviour of |12. “How did you lose so much weight?” |
|people. |“By eating…….and exercising more.” |
|A. route B. way C. course D. direction |A. more B. less C. fewer D. much |
|2. Parents receive a school……on their child’s progress at the end of |13. “How do you feel after moving away from home?” |
|every year. |“It feels…….not having my parents around.” |
|A. report B. test C. assessment D. statement |A. strangely B. strange C. strangest D. stranger |
|3. The good weather makes the resort ideal for travelling, …….sports |14. Although the house is in a fashionable district, it’s ……. . |
|and picnics. |A. spacious B. big C. modern D. affordable |
|A. indoor B. outside C. outdoor D. inside |15. The farmhouse is…….in a very beautiful area. |
|4.Since going abroad to study, he really…… his family. |A. situated B. settled C. isolated D. found |
|A. loses B. thinks C. misses D. suffers |16. It’s very……in here by the fire during the winter. |
|5. He was extremely……for his father’s help. |A. remote B. traditional C. stylish D. cosy |
|A. wishful B. delighted C. grateful D. hopeful |17. “When was the last time you saw your father?” |
|6. Apparently, she……live in London about twenty years ago. |“I spent a week with him……the summer holidays.” |
|A. use to B. was used to C. got used D. used to |A. already B. during C. for D. in |
|7. Dogs are faithful…….their masters. |18. “It this Arthur’s wallet?” |
|A. of B. for C. to D. with |“Great! He’s been……for that everywhere.” |
|8. “Can I speak to Jenny, please?” |A. looked B. look C. looking D. looks |
|“Sorry, she……a shower right now.” |19. “She doesn’t seem to be very happy, does she?” |
|A. has B. will have C. is having D. have |“Well, she……under a lot of pressure lately.” |
|9. “How do you feel now?” |A. is B. has been C. was D. is being |
|“Oh, …….better, thank you.” |20. “I’ve never been to Italy. Have you?” |
|A. very B. lot C. much D. more |“Yes, but it’s been a long time……my last visit.” |
|10. “What’s wrong? You seem upset.” |A. since B. before C. ago D. for |
|“I am. I …….just failed my driving test.” | |
|A. have B. am C. was D. had | |
|11. “How was the film on television last night?” | |
|“It was……good that I wish I had taped it.” | |
|A. such B. such a C. so D. as such | |
107. Choose the correct item
|1. “What’s the matter with Danny?” |11. “The company is threatening us with redundancies.” |
|“He’s just……some bad news, I’m afraid.” |“It would be difficult……a job at our age.” |
|A. been having B. had C. having D. has |A. to find B. finding C. having found D. to fining |
|2. “How long have you lived at your current address?” |12. “Is that a history book you’ve got there?” |
|“Oh,…….about fifteen years now.” |“Yes, I’m very interested……Spanish History.” |
|A. during B. before C. since D. for |A. by B. at C. in D. for |
|3. “What an amazing story!” |13. “What was Thelma saying?” |
|“Yes. I’ve never……anything like it.” |“She was asking me what time……work.” |
|A. hear B. been hearing C. heard D. been heard |A. was I starting B. do I start C. I started D. I have started |
|4. There are only two……for the job. |14. Pete is not really…..of fashion; he is on another planet! |
|A. customers B. candidates C. employees D. employers |A. accepted B. alert C. awake D. aware |
|5. I’m afraid I’ve……out of ideas for the new advertising campaign. |15. To be honest with you, that film doesn’t really……to me. |
|A. gone B. run C. cleared D. emptied |A. attract B. appeal C. call D. suit |
|6. How much……money do you get per week? |16. She dresses in a rather…..way, which some might describe as being |
|A. pocket B. pension C. pay D. with |boring and old-fashioned. |
|7. We checked around the market to find the bank with the highest rate|A. trendy B. carefree C. casual D. conventional |
|of……for our savings. |17. In the sixties Lyn always followed the fashion…..of the time. |
|A. pay B. cash C. profit D. interest |A. activities B. ideas C. trends D. plans |
|8. “Why is Tim upset?” |18. I thought he was…..when he suggested a holiday in the Bahamas! |
|“Brian accused him of having……his computer.” |A. playing B. amusing C. joking D. laughing |
|A. breaking B. break C. broke D. broken |19. We found our flat in the classified……. section of the local paper.|
|9. “Why did Florence want to see you?” |A. ads B. homes C. news D. accommodation |
|“She wanted to apologise……at me earlier on” |20. She drinks about seven coffees a day. She must be addicted……it! |
|A. for shouting B. to shout C. to shouting D. of shouting |A. at B. on C. in D. to |
|10. “Why are you looking so pleased?” | |
|“Steve has……us out for a meal.” | |
|A. offered B. invited C. admitted D. promised | |
108. Choose the correct item
|1.It was interesting to see the entire ….. of making a documentary |11. Staying healthy ….. that you pay attention to your diet. |
|from start to finish. |A. asks B. expects C. demands D. requests |
|A. action B. system C. process D. performance |12. Don’t ….. your time on this! It’s never going to work. |
|2. While I was in America, I had the ….. to interview a soap star. |A. kill B. waste C. spend D. pass |
|A. opportunity B.time C. turn D. attempt |13. Gwen eats very badly, she practically lives ….. junk food. |
|3. Apart from being a good actor, he’s very handsome and obviously he |A. on B. with C. in D. off |
|….. after his father. |14. Robert was completely ….. of his illness. |
|A. runs B. looks C. goes D. takes |A. healed B. solved C. treated D. cured |
|4. I’m not ….. on going shopping in crowded supermarkets. |15. Plants and animals need a ….. ecosystem in order to live. |
|A. keen B. eager C. willing D. enthusiastic |A. balanced B. equal C. even D. similar |
|5. As a freelance writer Peter sometimes finds it hard to find ….. |16. She wanted a change of hairstyle but ….. up with a worse style |
|work. |than before. |
|A. usual B. regular C. ordinary D. typical |A. completed B. ended C. finished D. stopped |
|6. There has been a sharp fall in the number of ….. watching the 8 |17. I was ….. when I heard she had won the prize! |
|o’clock news. |A. thrilled B. a thriller C. thrilling D. a thrill |
|A. crowds B. audiences C. spectators D. viewers |18. Ian is the teacher’s …..; she never punishes him, no matter what |
|7. Fruit and vegetables ….. lots of vitamins. |he does. |
|A. include B. contain C. hold D. comprise |A. doll B. darling C. pet D. love |
|8. She’s ….. a lot of pressure at work at the moment. |19. There was a ….. proof that Jack was a thief. |
|A. under B. in C. at D. with |A. concluding B. concluded C. conclusive D. conclusion |
|9. The nurse visits her on a(n) ….. basis. |20. Some students can’t learn anything by …..; they want to say |
|A. day B. daily C. everyday D. once a day |everything in their own words. |
|10. Overall well-being also depends on your ….. of mind. |A. ear B. mind C. heart D. eye |
|A. manner B. health C. state D. form | |
109. Choose the correct item
|1.I hate this ….. weather; it makes me feel so depressed. |11. Laura goes to a ….. school so she only sees her family at the |
|A. sad B. dark C. dull D. dim |weekends. |
|2. Our sense of ….. is very highly developed. |A. day B. private C. comprehensive D. boarding |
|A. touch B. feel C. contact D. notice |12. After the performance, the actors came back onto the ….. to take |
|3. Anna finds it difficult to ….. her feelings. |their bows. |
|A. tell B. express C. state D. stress |A. scene B. stage C. screen D. script |
|4. I would hate to ….. my sense of humour. |13. Ben was so angry that his ….. was red. |
|A. miss B. lose C. fail D. let |A. head B. palm C. face D. heart |
|5. Some people have no sense of ….. . |14. Jill leaned over and ….. quietly in his ear. |
|A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. threat |A. clapped B. wept C. whispered D. yawned |
|6. The actors gave such a good performance that the audience ….. for |15. I always ….. hands with someone when I meet them for the first |
|ten minutes at the end! |time. |
|A. clapped B. yelled C. whistles D. giggled |A. wave B. shake C. give D. clap |
|7. I know how to operate a computer, so please stop ….. me what to do!|16. Tom is as proud as a ….. . |
|A. saying B. speaking C. telling D. talking |A. parrot B. lion C. peacock D. fox |
|8. I thought the film was …… but other people didn’t like it. |17. Sarah has been a bit depressed lately so we have bought her some |
|A. shocked B. confusing C. thrilled D. fascinating |flowers to ….. her up. |
|9. I would love to go on a long sea ….. . |A. calm B. cheer C. loosen D. ease |
|A. route B. journey C. voyage D. travel |18. I’m absolutely …..! I couldn’t sleep at all last night. |
|10.We stood on the ….. waiting for the train to arrive. |A. furiously B. exhausted C. delighted D. horrified |
|A. platform B. deck C. bridge D. runway |19. Mary finds it difficult to ….. her feelings. |
| |A. say B. express C. tell D. give |
| |20. “Did you enjoy the film?’ |
| |“To be honest, I found it a bit ….. .” |
| |A. bored B. a bore C. boring D. bore |
110. Choose the correct item
|1.I was right: I do need glasses! I …. yesterday. |12. “Shall we go to Spain or Italy for our holiday?” |
|A. had my eyes tested B. have tested my eyes C. have been testing my|“I think I’d ….. go to Italy than Spain.” |
|eyes D. had tested my eyes |A.rather B. better C. prefer D. like to |
|2. “Where’s Harry?’ |13. “Did you like the book I suggested?” |
|“Oh, he’s taken the car to the garage. He’s ... .“ |“Yes. It makes you think more …. about the issues, doesn’t it?” |
|A.checked the brakes B. having the brakes checked C. had checked the|A.deep B. deeply C. deeper D. deepest |
|brakes D. has checked the brakes |14. “Are you happy with your new job?” |
|3.”Where did you live before you moved here?” |“Yes, but it will involve travelling abroad twice ….. as I used to.” |
|“We ….. in a small village in Wales.” |A.as often B. more often C. often than D. most often |
|A.were used to living B. have lived C. used to live D. have been |15. “Do you like my new hairstyle?” |
|living |“Fantastic! It’s the …. unusual haircut you’ve ever had.’ |
|4. “Do you always travel to work by train?” |A.more B. far C. most D. less |
|“No. Sometimes I ….. by bus.” |16. “What do you think of the CD I gave you?” |
|A.am going B. go C. went D. was going |“It’s great! The …. I listen to it, the more I like it.” |
|5. “She eats lots of chocolate, doesn’t she?” |A.much B. less C. more D. little |
|“Yes, I think she’s addicted ….. it.” |17. “Are we still going to the gym on Friday/” |
|A.on B. in C. to D. with |“Yes, ….. I have to work late again.” |
|6. “Who went to the Indian restaurant?” |A.in case B. as long as C. if not D. unless |
|“Everyone went ….. Rachel.” |18. “The manager is always busy when I want to see him.” |
|A.except B. apart C. beside D. not |“I know. ….. can ever get his attention.” |
|7. “Why don’t you try yoga?” |A.Everybody B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Anybody |
|“I tried it once, but I thought it was ….. .’ |19. “Don’t you like your dinner?” |
|A.bored B. boredom C. boring D. bore |“Not really, the fish is a bit ….. salty.” |
|8. “He drove his father’s car ….. he doesn’t have a licence.” |A.too B. much C. enough D. little |
|A.despite B. however C. besides D. even though |20. “Do your two sisters work at the same company?’ |
|9. “They left very early, ….. to be late.” |“Yes. ….. of them went to work there after finishing college.” |
|A. in order B. to prevent C. so as not D. to avoid |A.Neither B. Either C. Both D. Everyone |
|10. “Have you seen Brian recently?” | |
|“No, I haven’t seen him ….. ages.” | |
|A.for B. at C. of D. with | |
|11. “Where does Jenny work?” | |
|“I think she works in a bank, …..?” | |
|A.isn’t she B. doesn’t she C. can’t she D. doesn’t she | |
111. Choose the correct item
|1“Simon and his brother look like twins, don’t they?” |11. “Mrs. Porter has been teaching for a long time.” |
|“Yes, they do resemble ….. another.” |“Yes, by the time she retires, she …. for nearly forty-five years.” |
|A.one B. each C. the D. both |A.is going to teach B. will be teaching C. will teach D. will have |
|2. “Did you get Ricky Martin’s autograph?” |been teaching |
|“I did. He shook hands ….. me ,too!” |12. “I’ve decided! ….. smoking and exercise more.” “Good for you!” |
|A.for B. at C. with D. to |A.I’ll stop B. I’ll be stopping C. I’ll have stopped D. I’m going |
|3. “Why didn’t you call me last night?” |to stop |
|“I tried, but your phone ….. working.” |13. “This time next week, ….. on the beach in sunny Spain!” |
|A.isn’t B. didn’t C. wouldn’t D. wasn’t |“Oh, you lucky thing!” |
|4. “Where did Diane find the money?” |A.I’ll be lying B. I’m going to lie C. I’ll have been lying D. I’ll|
|“I think her sister lent ….. to her.” |lie |
|A.them B. it C. few D. little |14. “The shop….. you bought your camera has closed down.” |
|5. “Have you seen Janet lately?’ |A. which B. where C. that D. when |
|“No, I ….. from her for ages.” |15. “The builders are taking ages, aren’t they?” |
|A.didn’t hear B. haven’t heard C. wasn’t hearing D. hadn’t heard |‘Yes, but they’ll ….. by the end of July.” |
|6. “If you hadn’t told me about the sale, I ….. these wonderful |A.finish B. have been finishing C. have finished D. be finishing |
|designer jeans!” |16. “Here are those lecture notes you were asking me for.” |
|A. wouldn’t have bought B. would have bought C. wouldn’t buy D. |“Oh, thanks a million! ….. them immediately!” |
|would buy |A.I’m going to copy B. I’ll copy C. I’ll have copied D. I’ll be |
|7. “If he was a better cook, we ….. pizza now!” |copying |
|A. wouldn’t be ordering B. wouldn’t have ordered C. would be |17. “There’s no point in ….. for the job!” |
|ordering D. would order |A. apply B. applied C. to apply D. applying |
|8. “What else do we need?” |18. “It would certainly be a pity to build a factory there.” |
|“Oh, we’d better buy some flour ….. we decide to make a pizza.” |“….., this town needs new jobs.” |
|A.provided that B. in case C. unless D. but for |A.Firstly B. Therefore C. On the other hand D. Finally |
|9. “I’ll teach you how to drive ….. you help me with German.” |19. “I would like to make some suggestions. ….., you could change the |
|“Agreed.” |name of the restaurant.” |
|A.unless B. in case C. on condition that D. or else |A. To begin with B. Therefore C. Consequently D. In this way |
|10. “I think the local council ….. the swimming pool if it continues |20. “By the end of the year, I ….. enough money to buy a car.” |
|to lose money.” |A. am going to save B. will save C. will have been saving D. will |
|A. will close B. is going to be closed C. will have closed D. will |have saved |
|be closing | |
112. Choose the correct item
|1. Classical music doesn’t seem to be very….. with teenagers. |11. “Are you going on holiday by yourself?” |
|A. popular B. famous C. favourite D. common |“No, Janet……to come with me.” |
|2. Someone……at the door of my hotel room last night by mistake. |A. will plan B. planned C. plan D. is planning |
|A. hit B. stuck C. knocked D. beat |12. “You……go to the beach if you have a cold.” “You’re right. I think |
|3. This kind of adventure holiday ……to younger people. |I’ll stay at home today.” |
|A. appeals B. pulls C. attracts D. grasps |A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. may not |
|4. The ship will……sail from Dover on Friday at 6 o’clock in the |13. “Will you be taking your mobile phone with you?” “Oh, yes. I just |
|morning. |can’t do……..it.” |
|A. set B. put C. place D. lay |A. without B. away with C. with D. over |
|5. Travel……can sometimes be misleading; they make places look more |14. Marie and Pierre Curie changed the…….of history. |
|attractive than they really are. |A. course B. route C. road D. way |
|A. prospectuses B. pamphlets C. leaflets D. brochures |15. ………history, different nations have fought one another for various |
|6. “Did you enjoy your holiday in Madrid?” |reasons. |
|“Yes, but I prefer Paris……Madrid” |A. Through B. Throughout C. All through D. Right through |
|A. rather B. from C. to D. than |16. “Do you know why she didn’t come on the excursion?” |
|7. “Did you find the brochures you were looking for?” “No. There……none|“She……..something better to do.” |
|left.” |A. must have B. had had C. must have had D. was having |
|A. had B. were C. hadn’t D. weren’t |17. “Can I invite a friend for dinner?” |
|8. “Can anyone go on the skiing trip?” |“You really……to ask your mother.” |
|“Yes, but they……over sixteen.” |A. must B. should C. need D. ought |
|A. must be B. could be C. will be D. can be |18. “Have you been to the new History Museum yet?” “Yes, I……there last|
|9. “……..I have a look at the menu, please?” |week.” |
|“Of course. Here you are.” |A. had gone B. was going C. have gone D. went |
|A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Will |19. They made a public statement, based…… their findings. |
|10. “Do I need a vaccination to go to Hawaii?” |A. on B. from C. around D. with |
|“I’m not sure. You ……ask your doctor.” |20. After years of effort, suffragettes finally won the ……to vote. |
|A. ought B. should C. will D. need |A. choice B. ability C. right D. law |
113. Choose the correct item
|1. It’s late; it’s…….that they will be here on time. |11. I was so late when I arrived at the airport that I ……the plane |
|A. unusual B. unexpected C. unfortunate D. unlikely |almost immediately. |
|2. The situation was soon……the control of the police. |A. entered B. reached C. boarded D. got |
|A. behind B. beyond C. between D. beneath |12. You…….play the radio so loud! The other passengers are trying to |
|3. The army was forced to…..due to lack of supplies. |sleep! |
|A. rearrange B. retreat C. reassure D. recollect |A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mightn’t D. couldn’t |
|4. The signing of the treaty was a…….. moment. |13. I wouldn’t go too near that snake if I were you: a snake bite…….be|
|A. history B. historic C. historical D. historically |very dangerous. |
|5. We hadn’t arranged to meet; it was a …… chance. |A. must B. ought to C. should D. can |
|A. clean B. simple C. clear D. pure |14. My mother used to……..me to the zoo when I was a child. |
|6. Gary is a hardworking student and he always ……..well in lessons. |A. bring B. take C. show D. visit |
|A. performs B. produces C. promotes D. projects |15. They exchanged letters for fifty years, but they never …….met in |
|7. He’s always trying to……the teacher so that he’ll get a high mark. |person. |
|A. enjoy B. please B. like D. delight |A. actually B. genuinely C. positively D. truly |
|8. There seemed to be no particular…….for changing the curriculum. |16. He was under …….pressure to get the work done by the end of the |
|A. reason B. aim C. end D. cause |day. |
|9. The book I am currently reading has really……. my imagination. |A. deep B. considerable C. large D. important |
|A. arrested B. captured C. taken D. got |17. The main…….of the career officer is to help students get a good |
|10. When we were on holiday last year, the…... people didn’t seem to |job. |
|like tourists at all: they never smiled at us. |A. activity B. function C. situation D. occupation |
|A. interesting B. friendly C. national D. local |18. The new shop has a huge collection of videos which cater |
| |for…….tastes. |
| |A. several B. both C. all D. every |
| |19. The new scheme provides greater……. for school-leavers to find |
| |work. |
| |A. ways B. reasons C. methods D. opportunities |
| |20. The increase in funds will ……..the doctors to continue their |
| |important research. |
| |A. make B. arrange C. allow D. let |
114. Choose the correct item
|1. Local wildlife will……if the factory does not stop polluting the |11. It’s a lovely old town with many narrow, ……. streets. |
|nearby river. |A. curling B. winding C. rolling D. waving |
|A. suffer B. injure C. fail D. hurt |12. The is a spectacular …….. of the city from the top of the hill. |
|2. Some animals cannot adapt to living in a(n) ……environment. |A. perspective B. view C. sight D. outlook |
|A. designed B. manufactured C. artificial D. false |13. Most people have experienced a disastrous holiday at ………time or |
|3. Many business executives……..stress in their work. |another. |
|A. experience B. have C. create D. bear |A. one B. a C. any D. the |
|4. There must be a ……..way to spend your time! |14. Stress can often……..small problem into a crisis. |
|A. further B. rather C. better D. more |A. push B. move C. bring C. turn |
|5. Our food contains only…….ingredients. |15. A good teacher will always be aware of the ……..of his or her |
|A. standard B. daily C. typical D. natural |students and consider these when planning lessons. |
|6. Opponents of censorship……..out that television programmes are |A. effects B. needs C. results D. questions |
|already regulated. |16. He had such charm that he could make…….the diffident of people |
|A. pick B. point C. show D. speak |feel at ease. |
|7. The old road is much longer, but it offers travelers some |A. even B. just C. already D. rather |
|magnificent……. . |17. Everyone in our house has their……. hobbies and interests. |
|A. territory B. scenery C. setting D. land |A. alone B. single C. own D. only |
|8. It’s a………kind of music; nothing like it has been heard before. |18. After an increase in bad behaviour, the headteacher decided the |
|A. single B. unique C. particular D. only |school needed a new……..of rules. |
|9. After four attempts, he…….in passing his exam. |A. set B. kit C. mixture D. pack |
|A. succeeded B. managed C. resulted |19. ………he passed his exam, he was very disappointed with his grade. |
|D. achieved |A. Although B. Still C. However D. Despite |
|10. You have 30 minutes to complete the…… . |20. “It would………you good to get away for a few days.” |
|A. task B. attempt C. effort D. labour |A. do B. give C. have D. offer |
115. Choose the correct item
|1. He said that getting his new job was due to good luck, because he |11. I don’t want to…….the next episode of that programme. |
|just happened to be in the right place at the right………. . |A. pass B. lack C. miss D. loss |
|A. season B. period C. month D. time |12. This season ticket……you to use all of the gym’s facilities at no |
|2. The new video shop has a wide range of titles to choose……. . |further cost. |
|A. among B. with C. from D. out |A. grants B. allows C. helps D. affords |
|3. The TV stations……..for the largest number of viewers. |13. I like listening to the radio while……the housework. |
|A. chase B. compete C. oppose D. pursue |A. doing B. running C. making D. cleaning |
|4. He has……..his studies and I doubt that he will pass the exam. |14. He took the job as a way of……..useful experience. |
|A. neglected B. declined C. lessened D. disposed |A. grasping B. catching C. gaining D. raising |
|5. We could not afford a holiday…….you got another, part-time job. |15. Nowadays you can access the Internet wherever you are in the…… . |
|A. in spite B. no matter C. regardless D. even if |A. planet B. world C. earth D. globe |
|6. The hotel makes a ………effort to ensure that guests enjoy their stay.|16. If you visit Amsterdam, you are……..to see people riding their |
|A. plentiful B. broad C. considerable D. lasting |bicycles. |
|7. She believes that cruelty to animals has no place in the …….world. |A. safe B. confident C. definite D. sure |
|A. current B. new C. present D. modern |17. Archeologists found remains of a(n)…….. city dating back several |
|8. Companies have not been………to see the benefits offered by the |thousand years. |
|Internet. |A. ancient B. antique C. old D. past |
|A. behind B. slow C. delayed D. overdue |18. As times have…….so have attitudes towards the role of women in |
|9. The scheme is…….new, but people are already getting used to it. |society. |
|A. partly B. approximately C. roughly |A. changed B. turned C. developed D. differed |
|D. relatively |19. Frozen food is usually cheap……fresh products can be quite |
|10. Talking to him is ……..talking to a brick wall! |expensive. |
|A. as B. same C. like D. both |A. however B. despite C. nevertheless D. whereas |
| |20. No matter how many great roles he plays in the future, he will |
| |always be………with the one that made him famous. |
| |A. associated B. related C. joined D. attached |
116. Choose the correct item
|1. Do you know…..time?-Yes,……clock has just struck nine.- Then it |12. If you commit…..serious crime, you could be sent to…..prison. |
|isn’t……time to go yet. |A. a; - B. the; the C. -; - D. a; a |
|A. -;a;- B. the; the; the C. the; the; - D. a;-;- |13. Every year, thousands of……students come to…….Cambridge University |
|2. He said: “As……matter of.….fact, there was…..explosion in……last |to study……English. |
|house I visited.” |A. the; the; the B. -; -; - C. the; the; - D. the; -; the |
|A. the;-;a;- B. a; the; an; the C. a;-;the;- D. a; -; an; the |14. Sailors know……English Channel as perhaps……most dangerous sea |
|3. He is looking for…..plain shirt, but all…..shirts are striped. |channel in……Europe. |
|A. a; the B. the; the C. a; - D. the; - |A. the; the; the B. the; the; - C. -; -; - |
|4. He is…..student. he studies…..History at….. Harvard University. |D. the; -; the |
|A. the; the; the B. a; -; the C. -; -; - D. a;-;- |15. There is…..splendid view of……Lake Geneva from this hotel. |
|5. What is…..name of…..ocean between….. America and…..Asia? ……Pacific |It’s……first time I have seen it. |
|A. a, the, -, -, - B. the, the, -, -, the |A. the; the; the B. a; the; the C. a; -; the D. -; -; - |
|C. the, an, -, -, the D. the, -, the, the,- |16. ……test wasn’t too difficult, but I couldn’t answer……question 8 |
|6. …..Japanese admire…..traditions of…… Chinese. |which was really…… most difficult. |
|A. the, a, a B. -, a, - C. the, a, - D. the, the, the |A. the; the; the B. -; -; - C. the; -; the D. -; -;the |
|7. Did you like…..coffee we had with our meal…..last night? |17. After leaving……school, Nora worked as a cleaner at……hospital. |
|A. -, the B. a, a C. -. - D. the, - |A. -, the B. a, - C. a, a D. -, - |
|8. ……bicycle is……excellent means of transport. |18. Every English child knows the story of Robin Hood. It is said that|
|A. the, an B. -, the C. -, an D. -, - |he robbed…..rich and gave the money to……poor. |
|9. ……whale is a mammal but it lives in….. sea. |A. the, the B. -, - C. -, the D. the, - |
|A. -, the B. -, - C. the, - D. the, the |19. Peru is……country in…..South America. ……capital is Lima. |
|10. …..Life would be very difficult without…… electricity. |A. -, the, the B. a, -, the C. the, -, - D. a, -, a |
|A. -, the B. -, - C. a, a D. the, - |20. ……life of……Napoleon was very stormy. |
|11…..Seychelles are…..group of islands in……. Indian Ocean. |A. the, - B. a, a C. -, - D. the, the |
|A. the; the; the B. -; -; - C. -; the; - D. the; a; the | |
117. Choose the correct plural forms of the nouns.
|1. A box, a mother-in-law, a leaf, a deer, a cliff. |12. A country, a thesis, a loaf, a radio, a month |
|A. Boxes, mothers-in-law, leafs, deer, cliffs |A. countrys, thesis, loafs, radios, months |
|B. Boxes, mother-in-laws, leaves, deers, cliffs |B. countries, thesises, loafs, radios, monthes |
|C. Boxes, mother-in-law, leaves, deer, clives |C. countries, theses, loaves, radios, months |
|D. Boxes, mothers-in-law, leaves, deer, cliffs |D. countries, theses, loaves, radioes, months |
|2. A handkerchief, a calf, a photo, a passer-by, an analysis. |13. A tooth, a crisis, a mouse, a frying pan, a zoo. |
|A. handkerchiefs, calves, photoes, passer-bys, analyses |A. tooths, crises, mice, frying pans, zoos. |
|B. handkerchief, calfs, photos, passers-by, analysis. |B. teeth, crises, mouses, frying pans, zoos. |
|C. handkerchiefs, calves, photos, passers-by, analysis |C. teeth, crises, mice, fryings pans, zoos. |
|D. handkerchieves, calves, photos, passer-bys, analyses |D. teeth, crises, mice, frying pans, zoos. |
|3. A piano, a roof, a schoolboy, a salmon, a criterion. |14. A play, a child, an Englishman, a swine, a belief |
|A. pianos, roofs, schoolboys, salmon, criteria |A. plays, childs, Englishmans, swine, beliefs |
|B. pianos, roofs, schoolboys, salmons, criteria |B. plaies, children, Englishmen, swine, believes |
|C. pianos, roofs, schoolboys, salmon, criterions |C. plays, children, Englishmen, swine, beliefs |
|D. pianos, rooves, schoolboys, salmon, criteria |D. plays, children, Englishmen, swines, beliefs |
|4. A potato, a path, a man, an ox ,a thief |15. An auto, a dish, a deer, a medium, a German |
|A. potatos, pathes, mens, oxen, thieves |A. autos, dishs, deer, mediums, Germen |
|B. potatoes, paths, men, oxen, thieves |B. autos, dishes, deers, media, Germans |
|C. potatos, paths, men, oxen, thieves |C. autos, dishes, deer, medium, Germen |
|D. potatoes, paths, man, oxen, thiefs |D. autos, dishes, deer, media, Germans |
|5. A kilo, a baby, an analysis, a leaf, a trout |16. An aircraft, a parent-in-law, a thief, a sheep, a tooth |
|A. kilos, babies, analyses, leaves, trout |A. aircraft, parents-in-law, thieves, sheep, teeth |
|B. kiloes, babies, analysis, leaves, trout |B. aircrafts, parent-in-laws, thieves, sheep, teeth |
|C. kilos, babies, analyses, leafs, trouts |C. aircraft, parents-in-law, thiefs, sheep, tooths |
|D. kilos, babies, analyses, leaves, trouts |D. aircraft, parents-in-law, thieves, sheeps, teeth |
|6. A wife, a story, a lunch, a piano, a mouse |17. A passer-by, a locksmith, a half, a hypothesis, a solo |
|A. wifes, stories, lunches, pianoes, mice |A. passer-bys, locksmiths, halfs, hypothesis, solos |
|B. wifes, stories, lunchs, pianos, mices |B. passer-bies, locksmiths, halves, hypothesa, solos |
|C. wives, stories, lunches, pianos, mice |C. passer-by, locksmithes, halves, hypotheses, soloes |
|D. wives, storyes, lunches, pianoes, mice |D. passers-by, locksmiths, halves, hypotheses, solos |
|7. A sheep, a schoolboy, a calf, a video, a basis |18. An oath, a kangaroo, a policeman, a criterion, a looker-on |
|A. sheeps, schoolboys, calfs, videos, bases |A. oaths, kangaroos, policemen, criteria, lookers-on |
|B. sheep, schoolboys, calves, videos, bases |B. oathes, kangaroos, policemans, criterion, lookers-ons |
|C. sheep, schoolboys, calves, videos, basis |C. oaths, kangaroes, policemen, criteria, lookers-ons |
|D. sheep, schoolboys, calfs, videoes, bases |D. oaths, kangaroos, policemen, criterium, lookers-on |
|8. A potato, a swine, a month, a school-mate, a phenomenon |19. A folio, a youth, crisis, a handkerchief, a grown-up |
|A. potatos, swines, monthes, school-mates, phenomenon |A. folioes, youth, crisis, handkerchiefs, grown-up |
|B. potatoes, swines, months, schools-mates, phenomenons |B. folios, youth, crises, handkerchiefs, grown-ups |
|C. potatoes, swine, months, school-mates, phenomena |C. folios, youth, crises, handkerchieves, grown-ups |
|D. potatoes, swine, monthes, schools-mate, phenomena |D. folios, youth, crises, handkerchiefs, growns-up |
|9. A sheep, a grown-up, a hero, a torch, a safe |20. A sandwich, a secretary, a thesis, a roof, a kilo |
|A. sheep, grown-ups, heros, torches, safes |A. sandwichs, secretaries, thesis, roofs, kilos |
|B. sheep, grown-ups, heroes, torches, safes |B. sandwiches, secretarys, thesis, rooves, kilos |
|C. sheeps, grown-ups, heros, torches, saves |C. sandwiches, secretaries, theses, roves, kilo |
|D. sheep, growns-up, heroes, torches, saves |D. sandwiches, secretaries, theses, roofs, kilos |
|10. A path, a roof, a foot, a key, a datum | |
|A. pathes, roofs, foot, keys, datums | |
|B. paths, roofs, foot, keys, data | |
|C. pathes, rooves, foot, keys, datum | |
|D. paths, roofs, foot, keis, data | |
|11. A hero, an ox, a goose, a criterion, a kerchief | |
|A. heroes, oxen, geese, criteria, kerchiefs | |
|B. heros, oxes, geese, criteria, kerchiefs | |
|C. heroes, oxen, goose, criterions, kerchiefs | |
|D. heroes, oxen, goose, criterias, kerchiefs | |
118. Choose the correct sentence in Reported Speech.
|1. Mary said to Jill: “I love chocolate.” |12. They asked me: “You like Italian food, don’t you?” |
|A. Mary told Jill that she loved chocolate. |A. They ask me if I like Italian food. |
|B. Mary said Jill that she loved chocolate. |B. They asked me if I liked Italian food. |
|C. Mary told to Jill that she loved chocolate. |C. They told me if I liked Italian food. |
|D. Mary told Jill that she loves chocolate. |D. They asked me whether liked I Italian food. |
|2. Christopher asked me: “Do you want to dance?” |13. She wondered: “Did you study hard for the exam?” |
|A. Christopher asked if he wanted to dance. |A. She wondered whether we had studied hard for the exam. |
|B. Christopher asked me if did I want to dance. |B. She wondered if we studied hard for the exam. |
|C. Christopher asked me if wanted I to dance. |C. She wondered if did we studied hard for the exam. |
|D. Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance. |D. She wondered if had we studied hard for the exam. |
|3. Elisabeth asked John: “Did you watch the latest film?” |14. “Would you mind waiting?” he asked. |
|A. Elisabeth asked if he had watched the last film. |A. He asked if I would have minded to wait. |
|B. Elisabeth asked John if you had watched the latest film. |B. He asked me to wait. |
|C. Elisabeth asked John whether he had watched the latest film. |C. He asked me if wanted I to wait |
|D. Elisabeth asked John whether had you watched the latest film. |D. He told me to wait. |
|4. Ronald said to her: “Keep a record of your expenses.” |15. I said to Mike: “Please, send me a telegram as soon as you |
|A. Ronald said her to keep a record of her expenses. |arrive.” |
|B. Ronald told to her to keep a record of her expenses. |A. I told Mike to send me a telegram as soon as he arrived. |
|C. Ronald told her to keep a record your expenses. |B. I asked Mike to send me a telegram as soon as you arrive. |
|D. Ronald told her to keep a record of her expenses. |C. I said to Mike to send me a telegram as soon as he arrives |
|5. “You play chess, don’t you?” he asked me. |D. I asked Mike to send me a telegram as soon as he arrived. |
|A. He asked if I play chess. |16. “Let’s play badminton,” said Nick. “Oh no,” said Mike. |
|B. He asked me whether you played chess. |A. Nick said to Mike to play badminton, but Mike didn’t want to. |
|C. He asked me whether I played chess, don’t I. |B. Nick told Mike to play badminton. Mike said “No”. |
|D. He asked me whether I played chess. |C. Nick suggested playing badminton. Mike refused. |
|6. “You needn’t come in tomorrow.” the boss said. |D. Nick asked to play badminton, Mike said he wouldn’t. |
|A. The boss said me I didn’t have to come in the next day. |17. The teacher said: “The Earth moves around the sun. This fact was |
|B. The boss said he didn’t have to come in the next day. |proved long ago.” |
|C. The boss said I didn’t have to come in the next day. |A. The teacher said the Earth moved around the sun and this fact had |
|D. The boss said you needn’t come in tomorrow. |been proved many years ago. |
|7. Mary said: “If were you, I should get another lawyer.” |B. The teacher said that the Earth moves around the sun and this fact |
|A. Mary said if she were me, she would get another lawyer. |has been proved long ago. |
|B. Mary said if she was I, she would get another lawyer. |C. The teacher said that the Earth moves around the sun and that fact |
|C. Mary said if she were me, she should get another lawyer. |had been proved long before. |
|D. Mary said if she were you, she would get another lawyer. |D. The teacher said that the Earth moved around the sun and that fact |
|8. He asked me: “Who were you looking for?” |was proved long ago. |
|A. He asked me who I was looking for. |18. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?” |
|B. He asked me who I had been looking for. |A. Mary asked Tom what time he would come there the next day. |
|C. He asked me who I had being looking for. |B. Mary asked Tom what time would he come there the next day. |
|D. He asked me for who I was looking. |C. Mary asked Tom what time will he come here tomorrow. |
|9. I asked Mary: “How can I solve the problem?” |D. Mary asked Tom what time would he come here the next day. |
|A. I told Mary how the problem I could solve. |19. My parents said: “If you passed your test, we should buy you a |
|B. I asked Mary how could I solve the problem. |car.” |
|C. I asked Mary how I could solve the problem. |A. My parents said if I had passed my test they will have bought a |
|D. I asked Mary how she could solve the problem. |car. |
|10. Helen asked him: “Which countries will John be visiting?” |B. My parents said if I had passed my test, they would buy me a car. |
|A. Helen told him which countries John would be visiting. |C. My parents said if I you passed your test, they should buy you a |
|B. Helen asked him which countries he would be visiting. |car. |
|C. Helen asked him which countries would John be visiting. |D. My parents said if I passed my test, they would buy me a car. |
|D. Helen asked him which countries John would be visiting. |20. I asked her: “Were your boys happy here?” “Yes, they were,” she |
|11. The doctor asked:“Which of you is waiting to see me next?” |said. |
|A. The doctor asked which of us was waiting to see me next. |A. I asked her if they were happy here and she answered they were. |
|B. The doctor told me which of us was waiting to see him next. |B. I asked if her boys had been happy here and she agreed. |
|C. The doctor told which of us was waiting to see him next. |C. I asked if her boys had been happy there and she said they had. |
|D. The doctor asked which of us was waiting to see him next. |D. I asked her id my boys had been happy there and she said they were.|
119. Choose the correct variant of the sentence in Passive Voice.
|1. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. |11. You can buy videos like this one anywhere. |
|A. Tomorrow you must be done with these exercises. |A. Videos like this one can be bought anywhere. |
|B. These exercises must be do tomorrow. |B. Videos like this one can buy anywhere. |
|C. Three exercises must done tomorrow. |C. Videos can be bought somewhere. |
|D. Three of these exercises must be done tomorrow. |D. Videos like this one are able to buy anywhere. |
|2. I can easily forgive this mistake. |12. They have proved that there is no life on the moon. |
|A. This mistake can forgive easily. |A. It proved that there was no life on the moon. |
|B. This mistake can forgiven easily. |B. It has proved that there is no life on the moon. |
|C. This mistake can be easily forgiven. |C. It has being proved that there is no life on the moon. |
|D. This can be easily forgive by mistake. |D. It has been proved that there is no life on the moon. |
|3. Have you given out the exercises to all the students? |13. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. |
|A. Have the exercises been given out to all the students? |A. Chalk is being used to write on the blackboard. |
|B. Have the students given out all the exercises? |B. One chalk is used for writing on the blackboard. |
|C. Have you been given the exercises of the students? |C. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard. |
|D. Have all been given out to the students? |D. Used chalk is writing on the blackboard. |
|4. The teacher sent for the pupil’s parents. |14. Who discovered the circulation of blood? |
|A. The pupil was sent for the parents by the teacher? |A. Who was discovered the circulation of blood? |
|B. The pupil’s parents were sent for. |B. Who was the circulation of blood discovered by? |
|C. The teacher was sent o the pupil’s parents. |C. By whom the circulation of blood was discovered? |
|D. The parents sent the pupil to the teacher. |D. Whose circulation of blood was discovered? |
|5. They are building a new concert hall in our street. |15. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station.|
|A. Our street is being built near a new concert hall. |A. The station is joined to a large group of young people on our way. |
|B. A new concert hall is being built in our street. |B. Young people of a large group were joined to the station on our way|
|C. A new concert hall is been built in our street |to it. |
|D. A new concert hall is built in the street |C. Our way was joined to a large group of young people by the station.|
|6. The people looked at the little boy with interest. |D. On our way to the station we were joined by a large group of young |
|A. The interest was looked for by the people. |people. |
|B. The interesting boy was looked a little at. |16. Have you given out the exercises to all the students? |
|C. The little boy was looked at with interest. |A. Have all the students been given the exercises? |
|D. The people were looked at by the little boy with interest. |B. Were all the students given out? |
|7. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. |C. Have the exercises given to all students by you? |
|A. He was given a present by his colleagues when did he retire. |D. Have you been given the exercises out all the students? |
|B. He was given a present by his colleagues when he would retire. |17. This college is already full. We are turning away students the |
|C. He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired. |whole time. |
|D. He had been given a present by his colleagues when he retired. |A. This college is already full. The students are turned away the |
|8. We will send you your examination results as soon as they are |whole time. |
|ready. |B. This college is already full. The students are being turned away |
|A. You will be sent your examination results as soon as they are |the whole time. |
|ready. |C. This college is already full. The time is being turned away by |
|B. You will been sent your examination results as soon as they are |students. |
|ready. |D. This college is already full. The students are being turning away |
|C. You will be send your examination results as soon as they are |the whole time. |
|ready. |18. They will deal with this matter as soon as possible. |
|D. You shall be sent your examination results as soon as they will be |A. This deal will be mattered as soon as possible. |
|ready. |B. This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible. |
|9. The manager always welcomes new employees. |C. They will be dealt by this matter as soon as possible. |
|A. New employees are always welcome by the manager. |D. The will be dealt with the matter possibly soon. |
|B. New employers are always welcomed by the manager. |19. Have the students written the paper without mistakes? |
|C. New employees are always welcomed by the manager. |A. Has the paper been written without mistakes? |
|D. New employers are always been welcomed by the manager. |B. Have the mistakes been written by the students? |
|10. When Jane came home, her mother was cooking the food. |C. Has the paper written without mistakes by the students? |
|A. When Jane came home, the food was being cooked. |D. Have the students been mistaken by the written paper? |
|B. When Jane came home, the food was been cooked. |20. They promised that they would take care of the child somehow. |
|C. When Jane came home, the food was been cooking. |A. They were promised somehow by the child to take care. |
|D. When Jane came home, was the food being cooked. |B. They promised that the child will be taken care of somehow. |
| |C. They promised somehow that the child would take care of. |
| |D. They promised that the child would be taken care of somehow. |
120. Choose the appropriate Phrasal Verb to substitute for the underlined verb/phrase
|1. I met my teacher at the movies last night. |12. You can inspect the house. |
|A. found out B. gave in C. ran into D. ran out of |A. cross over B. look after C. look over D. hold over |
|2. He continued talking after everybody asked him to stop. |13. His new book will be published in June. |
|A. kept on B. made up C. broke out D. kept in |A. put in B. look up C. come out D. run out |
|3. Don’t use water to extinguish a grease fire. |14. Ralph decided to delay his trip until April or May. |
|A. put off B. wait up C. let out D. put out |A. put off B. take off C. put up D. take away |
|4. When my sister goes on vacation, I take care of her dog. |15. She looks like her mother but she resembles her father in |
|A. look up B. give in C. look after D. take off |character. |
|5. Extinguish your cigarettes! |A. takes up B. takes in C. takes after D. takes off |
|A. put up B. put out C. turn in D. keep on |16. They searched for the ball for a while, but eventually abandoned |
|6. After a long fight the crew surrendered. |the hope to find it and went home. |
|A. broke into B. put by C. turned away D. gave in |A. got over B. gave up C. broke in D. cut down |
|7. They departed in a fast car. |17. The towels match the colour of the bathroom tiles. |
|A. took off B. took over C. did for D. ran at |A. keep on B. go with C. give in D. fall apart |
|8. I found this old book. |18. I can scarcely understand his writing. |
|A. came across B. looked after C. took off D. went against |A. put on B. look up C. make out D. take after |
|9. The cost reaches millions. |19. I’ve told him to stop but he continues scratching it! |
|A. looks into B. goes into C. runs into D. bursts into |A. keeps on B. gets on C. brings down D. comes over |
|10. He doesn’t have a good relationship with his parents. |20. We cancelled the game because of bad weather. |
|A. put up B. get on with C. fall in with D. carry on with |A. called off B. broke out C. go ahead D. carried on |
|11. Is there anyone here to serve us? | |
|A. wait for B. wait on C. look forward to D. strive for | |
ANSWER KEYS
Test 1
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C
Test 2
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.C
Test 3
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B
Test 4
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A
Test 5
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C
Test 6
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 7
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.A
Test 8
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.B
Test 9
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 10
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 11
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C
Test 12
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
Test 13
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.A
Test 14
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.B
Test 15
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C
Test 16
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 17
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.A
Test 18
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 19
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 20
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.B
Test 21
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B
Test 22
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.B
Test 23
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.B
Test 24
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B
Test 25
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C
Test 26
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.A
Test 27
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C
Test 28
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.A
Test 29
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B
Test 30
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.A
Test 31
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D
Test 32
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.A
Test 33
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 34
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 35
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.B
Test 36
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.B
Test 37
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.B
Test 38
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C
Test 39
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C
Test 40
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.C
Test 41
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
Test 42
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 43
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.A
Test 44
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C
Test 45
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
Test 46
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.A
Test 47
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B
Test 48
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.C
Test 49
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.B
Test 50
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C
Test 51
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.B
Test 52
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.C
Test 53
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A
Test 54
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C
Test 55
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.B
Test 56
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.A
Test 57
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.A
Test 58
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.C
Test 59
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.B
Test 60
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.B
Test 61
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C
Test 62
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.C
Test 63
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.A
Test 64
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.B
Test 65
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.A
Test 66
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.B
Test 67
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.B
Test 68
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.B
Test 69
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 70
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.C
Test 71
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.C
Test 72
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A
Test 73
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.D
Test 74
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.D
Test 75
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.A
Test 76
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.D 20.D
Test 77
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.A
Test 78
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.A
Test 79
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.B
Test 80
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 81
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.B
Test 82
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.A
Test 83
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.C 20.A
Test 84
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.C
Test 85
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.B
Test 86
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 87
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.C
Test 88
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.C
Test 89
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A
Test 90
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C
Test 91
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.C
Test 92
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.A
Test 93
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.B
Test 94
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.B
Test 95
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.C
Test 96
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
Test 97
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D
Test 98
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.D
Test 99
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B
Test 100
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.B
Test 101
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.C
Test 102
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.B
Test 103
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B
Test 104
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C
Test 105
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B
Test 106
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A
Test 107
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.D
Test 108
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C
Test 109
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.C
Test 110
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C
Test 111
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.D
Test 112
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.C
Test 113
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C
Test 114
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A
Test 115
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.D 20.A
Test 116
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.A
Test 117
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.D
Test 118
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.C
Test 119
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.D
Test 120
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.A
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