Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories

Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories

Guidelines developed by the Hazard Identification and Evaluation Task Force of the American Chemical Society's Committee on Chemical Safety

Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................................................ 7

TASK FORCE MEMBERS........................................................................................................................................................ 8

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION.......................................................................................................................................11 1.1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2. Application................................................................................................................................ 11

2. DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................................11

3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION ..............................................................................................17 3.1. Introduction to Hazard Identification and Evaluation .............................................................. 17 3.2. Key Elements of Hazard Identification and Evaluation............................................................. 18

4. ESTABLISHING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................................................22 4.1. Institutional and Departmental Administration ....................................................................... 22 4.2. Principal Investigator ................................................................................................................ 22 4.3. Researcher and Laboratory Worker ......................................................................................... 24 4.4. Support Personnel .................................................................................................................... 24

5. CHOOSING AND USING A TECHNIQUE FROM THIS GUIDE........................................................................25 5.1. Desired Attributes of a Hazard Identification and Evaluation Tool or System ......................... 25 Quick Start Introduction ........................................................................................................... 25 5.2. Choosing the Method Best Suited for the Research ................................................................ 25 5.3. Suggestions for Implementing Hazard Identification and Evaluation Processes Indifferent to Technique Chosen .............................................................................................. 26

6. CHANGE CONTROL......................................................................................................................................................27 6.1. Recognizing Change .................................................................................................................. 27 6.2. Factors that Affect Recognition of Change............................................................................... 28 6.3. Strategies for Enabling Recognition of and Responding to Change ......................................... 28

7. ASSESSING IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................................................................29

8. CONTROL BANDING CHEMICAL USES IN RESEARCH LABORATORIES................................................31 8.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 31 Quick Start: Control Banding .................................................................................................... 31 8.2. Under What Scenarios Might One Consider Using the Method?............................................. 32 8.3. Pros, Cons, and Limitations ...................................................................................................... 32 8.4. Suggested Approach to Establishing Chemical Safety Levels ................................................... 33 8.5. Using Raw Data to Estimate a Chemical Safety Level............................................................... 36

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8.7. Reminder .................................................................................................................................. 37

9. JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................39 9.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 39 Quick Start: Job Hazard Analysis............................................................................................... 39 9.2. Under What Scenarios Might One Consider Using the Method?............................................. 39 9.3. Pros, Cons, and Limitations ...................................................................................................... 41 9.4. Job Hazard Analysis Instructions and Template ....................................................................... 41 9.5. Keys to Success in Using the Method ....................................................................................... 44 9.6. How to Assess Effective Job Hazard Analysis Use .................................................................... 45

10. WHAT-IF ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................................47 10.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 47 Quick Start: What-If Analysis .................................................................................................... 47 10.2. Under What Scenarios Might One Consider Using the Method?............................................. 48 10.3. Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 48 10.4. Keys to Success ......................................................................................................................... 49 10.5. Hazard Operability Analyses ..................................................................................................... 55 10.6. Completing the What-If Analysis .............................................................................................. 57 10.7. Examples of What-If Analyses .................................................................................................. 57 10.8. No Single Format or Approach to What-If and HazOp ............................................................. 61 10.9. Using What-If Thinking Independently and in Teaching........................................................... 61 10.10. Measures of Success with this Approach ................................................................................. 63 10.11.Realizing Limitations and Seeking Assistance........................................................................... 64

11. CHECKLISTS ...................................................................................................................................................................65 11.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 65 Quick Start: Checklists .............................................................................................................. 65 11.2. Applicability and Uses for Checklists ........................................................................................ 66 11.3. Benefits and Limitations of Checklists ...................................................................................... 69 11.4. Hazard Analysis Checklists ........................................................................................................ 70 11.5. Exposure Control Methods....................................................................................................... 71 11.6. Assessing the Effective Use of Checklists ................................................................................. 71 11.7. Keys to Successful Implementation and Use of Checklists....................................................... 73 11.8. Traditional Laboratory Safety Checklist.................................................................................... 74 11.9. Laboratory Hazard Risk Assessment Matrix ............................................................................. 75 11.10. Laboratory Process Risk Assessment Matrix ............................................................................ 76 11.11. Laboratory Process Risk Assessment Checklist for a Process Using a Chemical ...................... 77 11.12.Chemical Hazard Assessment Tool for High Hazard Chemicals................................................ 78

12. STRUCTURED DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ......................................81 12.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 81 Quick Start: SOPs ...................................................................................................................... 81 12.2. Under What Scenarios Might One Consider Using the Method?............................................. 82

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12.3. Pros, Cons, and Limitations ...................................................................................................... 82 12.4. Using the template ................................................................................................................... 82 12.5. Keys to Success ......................................................................................................................... 83 12.6. Sample Scenario ....................................................................................................................... 86 12.7. Assessing the Effective Use of this Assessment Method.......................................................... 89 12.8. How to Incorporate this Tool into Daily Activities.................................................................... 89 13. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................................90 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................92 APPENDIX B: RISK RATING...............................................................................................................................................93 APPENDIX C: SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR CHEMICAL SAFETY LEVELS...........................................98 APPENDIX D: SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS ....................99 APPENDIX E: SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR CONDUCTING WHAT-IF ANALYSIS ......................... 105 APPENDIX F: SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR USE OF CHECKLISTS ...................................................... 109 APPENDIX G: SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR STRUCTURED DEVELOPMENT OF SOPS............... 138

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