Global History Themes and Associated Vocabulary

Global History Themes and Associated Vocabulary

Themes Power & Authority History is often made by the people and institutions in power. As you learn about the world's powerful people and governments, try to answer several key questions.

Who holds the power? How did that person or group get power? What system of government provides order

in this society? How does this group or person in power

keep or lose power?

Examples: Louis XIV to Louis XVI Fascism ? Hitler/Franco/Mussolini Fidel Castro/Mao Zedong

Words to know absolute monarch absolutism aristocracy autocracy autonomy bourgeoisie colony consent of the governed coup d'etat czar decentralization democracy dissident dictator dynastic cycle dynasty Mandate of Heaven empire fascism federation federal republic

Belief Systems Throughout history, humans around the world have been guided by, as much as anything else, their religious and ethical beliefs. As you examine the world's religious and ethical systems, pay attention to several important issues.

What beliefs are held by a majority of people in a region?

How do these major religious beliefs differ from one another?

How do the various religious groups interact with one another?

How do religious groups react toward nonmembers?

Examples: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam

atheism monotheism Judaism Abraham Moses Torah pogroms Christianity Jesus Bible Middle Ages tithe Martin Luther simony indulgences liberation theology Islam Muhammed hegira Koran Five Pillars of Islam

feudalism government human rights manor manorial magna carta power prime minister proletariat propaganda republic monarchy nationalism revolution socialism suffrage terrorism theocracy totalitarian state totalitarianism tribalism tyranny universal suffrage Mecca caliph mosque polytheism Hinduism karma dharma nirvana caste reincarnation Buddhism Confucianism Taoism Tao animism Shintoism Sikhism kami pacifist missionary brahma

Revolution Often in history, great change has been achieved only through force. As you learn about the continuous overthrow of governments, institutions, and even ideas throughout history, examine several key questions.

What long term ideas or institutions are being overthrown?

What caused people to make this radical change?

What are the results of the change?

Examples: American Revolution, French Revolution, Latin American Revolutions, Russian Revolution, Chinese Communist Revolution, Cuban Revolution, Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Agricultural Revolution, Enlightenment

Nicholas Copernicus Galileo scientific method natural laws imperialism mercantilism philosophe/philosopher Declaration of Independence Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Louis XVI Storming of Bastille Tennis Court Oath social contract consent of the governed life, liberty & property John Locke tariffs Estates General coup d'etat Napoleon Napoleonic code nationalism Simon Bolivar Toussaint L'Overture caudillo conquistador creole mestizo mullattoes encomienda peninsulares social mobility cash crop economy Vladimir Lenin communism nationalize Karl Marx proletariat bourgeoisie

Joseph Stalin Five Year Plan quotas collective farm collectivization Russification pogroms agrarian industrialization factory domestic system Adam Smith laissez faire suffrage universal suffrage capital capitalist life expectancy materialism goods and services gross national product Green Revolution inflation interdependence per capita plantation producer proliferation urbanization modernization monopoly natural resources scarcity self-sufficiency developed countries developing countries Third World Countries technology urbanization westernization welfare state

Economics Economics has proven to be a powerful force in human history. From early times to the present, human cultures have been concerned with how to use their scarce resources to satisfy their needs. Economic systems attempt to meet the needs of its people. As you learn about different groups, note several key issues regarding the role of economics in world history.

What goods and services does a society produce?

Who controls the wealth and resources of a society?

How does a society obtain more goods and services?

Examples: Industrial Revolution, Green Revolution, Trade between Middle East and Europe after Crusades, European Economic Community (EEC)

Need to know the differences between communism and capitalism. Also, is there a relationship between the type of government and the type of economy a nation has?

Cultural Interaction Today people around the world share many things, from music, to food, to ideas. Human cultures actually have interacted with each other since ancient times. As you learn about how different cultures have interacted, note several significant issues.

How have cultures interacted (trade, migration, or conquest)?

What items have cultures passed on to each other?

What political, economic, and religious ideas have cultures shared?

What positive and negative effects have resulted from cultural interaction?

Examples: Crusades and Trade, Triangular trade, Slave trade, Imperialism in India, S. America, Asia and Africa

Basic Economic Questions What?/How?/Who? Traditional economy Command economy Market economy Mixed economy Agrarian Capitalism Capital capitalist Communism Socialism Barter economy Cash crop Consumer Producer Corporation Goods and services Guilds Unions Gross national product (GNP) Inflation Interdependence Per capita Scarcity Apartheid Assimilation Containment Cultural bias Cultural diffusion Cultural diversity Culture Cyrillic alphabet Extended family Life expectancy Literacy Matrilineal Patrilineal Hellenistic civilization Illiteracy Humanism Isolationism Renaissance

Industrialization Karl Marx Frederich Engels Adam Smith Laissez faire Proletariat Bourgeoisie Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin Five Year Plans Collective farm Collectivization Quotas Working class Supply Demand Developed countries Developing countries Imperialism Mercantilism Materialism Perestroika Monopoly Nationalize Tariffs Green Revolution Kibbutz Neolithic Nomad Nuclear family Social mobility

Empire Building Since the beginning of time, human cultures have shared a similar desire to grow more powerful ? often by dominating other groups. As you learn about empire building through the ages, keep in mind several key issues.

What motivates groups to conquer other lands and people?

How does one society gain control of others?

How does a dominating society control and rule its subjects?

Example: British Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, Japan and W. Africa Geography and Interactions with Environment Since the earliest of times, humans have had to deal with their surroundings in order to survive. Geographic features can positively or negatively affect the development of a nation or region. As you learn about events in history and our continuous interaction with the environment, keep in mind several important issues.

How has geography impacted the positive or negative outcomes of historical events?

How do humans adjust to the climate and terrain where they live?

How have changes in the natural world forced people to change?

What positive and negative changes have people made to their environments?

Examples: Early Civilization, Fertile Crescent, Nile River Valley, Amazon River Valley, Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea.

Science and Technology All humans share an endless desire to know more about their world and to solve whatever problems they encounter. The development of science and technology has played a key role in these quests. As you read about the role of science and technology in world history, try to answer several key questions.

What tools and methods do people use to solve the various problems they face?

How do people gain knowledge about their world? How do they use that knowledge?

How do new discoveries and inventions change the way people live?

Examples: Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Modern technology

Monarchy Annexation Colony Common law Czar Decentralization Empire Federation Mercantilism Imperialism Nativism Tribe Tribalism Tyranny

River valleys Agrarian Cultural diffusion Cultural diversity Trade Deforestation Desertification Developed countries Developing countries Life expectancy Monsoon Famine Interdependence Isolationism Great Wall of China Plantation Natural resources Scarcity Self-sufficiency technology Domesticating Animals Plow Harness Spinning wheel Steam engine Locomotive Car Steam boat Telephone/telegraph Weapons ? WWI Poison gas Submarines Tanks Computers Hydro power engine Natural Resources

Urbanization Topography World Map Physical Political Thematic Regional Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere North South East West Longitude Latitude Equator Trade Map key

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