Practice Test 2 Verbal - ETS Home
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GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS®
Practice General Test #2
Section 1: Verbal Reasoning
Section 2: Verbal Reasoning
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Instructions for the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning Sections
Information for screen reader users:
This document has been created to be accessible to individuals who use screen readers. You may wish to consult the manual or help system for your screen reader to learn how best to take advantage of the features implemented in this document. Please consult the separate document, GRE Screen Reader Instructions.doc, for important details.
This practice test includes content that some users may wish to skip. For example, some questions require you to complete sentences or longer texts from among several choices. For those questions where it might be helpful to hear the available choices in context, text of the choices in context is included. However, some users may wish to skip this material. Similarly, some questions include detailed figure descriptions that some users may wish to skip because they can get the required information from the accompanying tactile or large print figures. In each case, material that may be skipped is delineated by statements like “Begin skippable content” and “End skippable content” each in the Heading 6 style.
As a reminder, standard timing for each section of the test is provided in the table below:
|Section Order |Section Name |Standard Time |
|Analytical Writing 1 |Analyze an Issue |30 minutes |
|Analytical Writing 2 |Analyze an Argument |30 minutes |
|1 |Verbal Reasoning |35 minutes |
|2 |Verbal Reasoning |35 minutes |
|3 |Quantitative Reasoning |40 minutes |
|4 |Quantitative Reasoning |40 minutes |
The Quantitative sections include figures and their descriptions. In addition, separate figure supplements, in large print (18 points) and raised-line formats, are available. The large print figure supplement may be downloaded from . To obtain the raised-line figure supplement or if you have difficulty locating the large print figure supplement on the GRE® web site, contact E T S Disability Services Monday-Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. New York time, 1-609-771-7780, 1-866-387-8602 (toll free for test takers in the United States, U.S. Territories, and Canada). E-mail: stassd@.
Important Notes
In the actual test, your scores for the multiple-choice sections will be determined by the number of questions you answer correctly. Nothing is subtracted from a score if you answer a question incorrectly. Therefore, to maximize your scores it is better for you to guess at an answer than not to respond at all. Work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on questions that are too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions and come back to the difficult ones later.
Some or all of the passages in this test have been adapted from published material to provide the examinee with significant problems for analysis and evaluation. To make the passages suitable for testing purposes, the style, content, or point of view of the original may have been altered. The ideas contained in the passages do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Graduate Record Examinations Board or Educational Testing Service.
You may use a calculator in the Quantitative Reasoning sections only. You will be provided with a basic calculator and cannot use any other calculator, except as an approved accommodation.
Marking Your Answers
In the actual test, all answers must be entered in the test book (or in the supervisor’s copy of the test book if you are not using a print format test). If answers are being recorded in a large print test book, the directions for marking answers are slightly different because answers entered in large print test books are not machine-scored.
If your answers are being entered in a large print test book, make sure your marks are clear and unambiguous. Additional instructions for marking answers in large print test books are provided with the large print practice tests.
The following instructions describe how answers must be filled in if using a regular print test book, whether you are entering your own answers or a scribe is entering them at your direction.
Be sure that each mark is dark and completely fills the circle.
Any stray marks that lie in or near a circle must be erased carefully. If you change an answer, be sure that all previous marks are erased completely. Stray marks and incomplete erasures may be read as intended answers. You may work out your answers in the blank areas of the test book, but do not work out answers near the circles. Scratch paper will not be provided, except as an approved accommodation.
Question Formats
This practice test may include questions that would not be used in an actual test administered in an alternate format because they have been determined to be less suitable for presentation in such formats.
The questions in these sections have several different formats. A brief description of these formats and instructions for entering your answer choices are given below.
Multiple-Choice Questions—Select One Answer Choice
These standard multiple-choice questions require you to select just one answer choice from a list of options. You will receive credit only if you mark the single correct answer choice and no other.
Example:
What city is the capital of France?
A. Rome
B. Paris
C. London
D. Cairo
In this example, B, Paris, should be marked.
Multiple-Choice Questions—Select One or More Answer Choices
Some of these questions specify how many answer choices you must select; others require you to select all that apply. In either case, to receive credit all of the correct answer choices must be marked. In printed versions of the test, these questions are distinguished by the use of a square box to select an answer choice.
Example:
Select all that apply.
Which of the following countries are in Africa?
A. China
B. Congo
C. France
D. Kenya
In this example, B and D (Congo and Kenya) should be marked.
Column Format Questions
This question type presents the answer choices in groups (presented as columns in the printed version of the test). You must pick one answer choice from each group. You will receive credit only if you mark the correct answer choice in each group. In the following example, there is a sentence with two blanks, each indicating that something has been omitted. For each question of this type, first you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the omitted material. Next, you will hear the text again, but in place of each blank, you will hear three lettered options for filling that blank. The set of lettered options is formatted as bold and enclosed in parentheses. Each option consists of a word or phrase.
For questions containing one or two blanks, following the list of answer choices are up to nine readings of the text, one for each answer choice combination. The group of readings begins with a “Begin Skippable Content” level-6 heading and ends with an “End Skippable Content” level-6 heading. Each reading consists of the option letter or letters, the words or phrases being combined, and the text with the combination of the words or phrases inserted into the blanks.
For questions containing three blanks, the choices will not be read in context because it has been determined that replaying the question for all possible combinations of answer choices is not a useful way to present these questions.
Example:
This question has two blanks.
Complete the following sentence.
BLANK is the capital of BLANK.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
(A. Paris, B. Rome, C. Cairo) is the capital of (D. Canada, E. France, F. China).
Indicate your two answer choices and skip hearing the answer choices in context or go on to hear them in context before indicating your answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. Paris, Canada. Paris is the capital of Canada.
A, E. Paris, France. Paris is the capital of France.
A, F. Paris, China. Paris is the capital of China.
B, D. Rome, Canada. Rome is the capital of Canada.
B, E. Rome, France. Rome is the capital of France.
B, F. Rome, China. Rome is the capital of China.
C, D. Cairo, Canada. Cairo is the capital of Canada.
C, E. Cairo, France. Cairo is the capital of France.
C, F. Cairo, China. Cairo is the capital of China.
End skippable content.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
In this example, choice A, Paris (from the group A, B, C), and E, France (from the group D, E, F), should be indicated as the answer.
Numeric Entry Questions
These questions require a number to be entered by marking entries in a grid according to the following instructions.
1. Your answer may be an integer, a decimal, or a fraction, and it may be negative.
2. Equivalent forms of the correct answer, such as 2.5 and 2.50, are all correct. Although fractions do not need to be reduced to lowest terms, they may need to be reduced to fit in the grid.
3. Enter the exact answer unless the question asks you to round your answer.
4. If a question asks for a fraction, the grid will have a built-in division slash. Otherwise, the grid will have a decimal point.
The instructions for marking the entries will depend on whether a regular print or a large print test is being used to record your answers. If your answers are being entered into a regular print edition of the test, the following instructions apply:
5. Start your answer in any column, space permitting. Fill in no more than one entry in any column of the grid. Columns not needed should be left blank.
6. Write your answer in the boxes at the top of the grid and fill in the corresponding circles. You will receive credit only if your grid entries are clearly marked, regardless of the number written in the boxes at the top.
If your answers are being entered into a large print edition of the test, instead of filling in circles on the grid in steps 5 and 6, you will be asked to circle those entries.
The first multiple-choice section follows. In an actual test, testing time will resume when you begin the first multiple-choice section.
Revised G R E Practice Test Number 2.
Section 1. Verbal Reasoning.
25 questions.
Supplementary Information for screen reader users:
In the first passage and its associated questions 1 through 3, the spelling of the words “Nahuatl” (pronounced Na watul and spelled N A H U A T L) and “tlamatinime” (pronounced tla ma tee neemee and spelled T L A M A T I N I M E ) was changed to make them pronounceable by a screen reader. Answering the questions based on the passage does not depend on the spelling or pronunciation of those words.
Questions 1 through 3 are based on the following reading passage. Some of the questions based on this passage refer to specific sentences in the passage. The passage contains two paragraphs and seven sentences.
Whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were used for expressing abstract universal concepts can be clearly answered in the case of Na watul. Na watul, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.
The Tla ma tee neemee (those who know) were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages. Of these forms, the most characteristic in Na watul is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea. Used metaphorically, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.
Question 1.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding present-day research relating to Na watul?
A. Some record or evidence of the thought of the tla ma tee neemee is available.
B. For at least some Na watul expressions, researchers are able to trace their derivation from another ancient American language.
C. Researchers believe that in Na watul, abstract universal concepts are always expressed metaphorically.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 2.
The seven sentences in the passage are repeated below, in their original order, with each one assigned a letter. Select and indicate the sentence in the passage in which the author introduces a specific Na watul mode of expression that is not identified as being shared with certain European languages.
A. Whether the languages of the ancient American peoples were used for expressing abstract universal concepts can be clearly answered in the case of Na watul.
B. Na watul, like Greek and German, is a language that allows the formation of extensive compounds.
C. By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.
D. The Tla ma tee neemee (those who know) were able to use this rich stock of abstract terms to express the nuances of their thought.
E. They also availed themselves of other forms of expression with metaphorical meaning, some probably original, some derived from Toltec coinages.
F. Of these forms, the most characteristic in Na watul is the juxtaposition of two words that, because they are synonyms, associated terms, or even contraries, complement each other to evoke one single idea.
G. Used metaphorically, the juxtaposed terms connote specific or essential traits of the being they refer to, introducing a mode of poetry as an almost habitual form of expression.
Question 3.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices:
The word “coinages” appears in the second sentence of the second paragraph. In the context in which it appears, “coinages” most nearly means
A. adaptations
B. creations
C. idiosyncrasies
D. pronunciations
E. currencies
Directions for Question 4.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. You will be asked to characterize the function played by an indicated portion of the passage. The indicated portion will be identified by enclosing it in braces, and by formatting it in boldface and underlined. For example, in this sentence the phrase {indicated portion} is formatted as just described. The question is based on the following text.
Text for Question 4.
Two machines, the Plastech and the ShapeIt, both produce molded plastic toys. Each machine occasionally produces defective products of two kinds: warped products and scorched products. {Warped products can be remolded and sold, but scorched products must be discarded.} The ShapeIt produces as many scorched as warped products; the Plastech produces only half as many scorched as warped products. Therefore, to minimize the number of products discarded, manufacturers should choose the Plastech over the ShapeIt.
Question 4.
The third sentence is indicated, and reads, “Warped products can be remolded and sold, but scorched products must be discarded.” In the argument given, the indicated sentence plays which of the following roles?
A. Describing the set of circumstances for which the argument is offering an explanation
B. Presenting a consequence of the conclusion stated in the argument
C. Providing an illustrative example that neither strengthens nor weakens the argument
D. Providing an instance of a general principle articulated in the argument
E. Providing part of the reason put forward for taking a course of action recommended in the argument
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Directions for questions 5 through 8:
Each of the following questions includes a short text with a blank, indicating that something has been omitted. Select the entry that best completes the text.
For each question, first you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the blank. There are five answer choices, each consisting of a word or phrase, for filling in the blank. Next you will hear the five lettered options for filling in the blank. You may then indicate your answer, or go on to listen to the options in context.
Following the list of answer choices are five lettered readings of the text, one for each answer choice. The group of readings is separated from the main text using the “Begin skippable content” and “End skippable content” level-6 headings.
Question 5.
Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents BLANK.
A. demur
B. schism
C. cooperation
D. compliance
E. shortsightedness
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. demur. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents demur.
B. schism. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents schism.
C. cooperation. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents cooperation.
D. compliance. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents compliance.
E. shortsightedness. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents shortsightedness.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Question 6.
The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when BLANK fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
A. imitation
B. reaction
C. dogmatism
D. invention
E. caution
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. imitation. The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when imitation fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
B. reaction. The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when reaction fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
C. dogmatism. The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when dogmatism fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
D. invention. The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when invention fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
E. caution. The reception given to Kimura’s radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when caution fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Question 7.
The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such BLANK concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
A. didactic
B. syntactical
C. irrelevant
D. sartorial
E. frivolous
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. didactic. The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such didactic concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
B. syntactical. The novelist devotes o much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such syntactical concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
C. irrelevant. The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such irrelevant concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
D. sartorial. The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such sartorial concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
E. frivolous. The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters’ clothes that the reader soon feels that such frivolous concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Question 8.
Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by BLANK as well as by logic.
A. caprice
B. aesthetics
C. obligation
D. methodologies
E. intellect
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. caprice. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by caprice as well as by logic.
B. aesthetics. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by aesthetics as well as by logic.
C. obligation. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by obligation as well as by logic.
D. methodologies. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by methodologies as well as by logic.
E. intellect. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beauty: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by intellect as well as by logic.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Directions for Questions 9 through 12.
Questions 9 through 12 are based on the following reading passage, which consists of three paragraphs. One or more questions based on this passage will ask you to characterize the function played by an indicated portion of the passage. The indicated portion will be identified by enclosing it in braces, and by formatting it in boldface and underlined. For example, in this sentence the phrase {indicated portion} is formatted as just described.
Text for Questions 9 through 12.
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters.
To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. {Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high.}
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.
Question 9.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. compare the different types of cost involved for certain birds in singing
B. question a hypothesis regarding the energy costs of singing for certain birds
C. present evidence suggesting that singing has an important energy cost for certain birds
D. discuss the benefits provided to an organism by a behavior that is costly in energy
E. describe an experiment that supports an alternative model of how birdsong functions
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Question 10.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following?
A. Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days.
B. Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days.
C. Hides to avoid predators.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 11.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices:
The last sentence of the second paragraph is indicated, and reads: “Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high.”
Which of the following best describes the function of the indicated sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It suggests an alternative explanation for a certain phenomenon.
B. It reports on an unexpected finding of an experiment.
C. It describes the method used to conduct a particular study.
D. It presents empirical results that support a particular hypothesis.
E. It notes similarities between certain species.
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Question 12.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing, which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing?
A. They are the single greatest cost to an individual bird.
B. They have generally received more attention from scientists.
C. They vary less from one bird species to another.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 13 has five answer choices, labeled A through E, and is based on the following text.
In the past ten years, there have been several improvements in mountain-climbing equipment. These improvements have made the sport both safer and more enjoyable for experienced climbers. Despite these improvements, however, the rate of mountain-climbing injuries has doubled in the past ten years.
Question 13.
Which of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy presented in the passage?
A. Many climbers, lulled into a false sense of security, use the new equipment to attempt climbing feats of which they are not capable.
B. Some mountain-climbing injuries are caused by unforeseeable weather conditions.
C. Mountain climbing, although a dangerous sport, does not normally result in injury to the experienced climber.
D. In the past ten years there have been improvements in mountain-climbing techniques as well as in mountain-climbing equipment.
E. Although the rate of mountain-climbing injuries has increased, the rate of mountain-climbing deaths has not changed.
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Directions for questions 14 through 17:
Each of the following questions includes a short text with two or three blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. You will be asked to select one entry for each blank from the corresponding choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
For each question, first you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the omitted material. Next, you will hear the text again, but in place of each blank, you will hear three lettered options for filling that blank. The set of lettered options is formatted as bold and enclosed by parentheses. Each option consists of a word or phrase.
For questions containing two blanks, following the list of answer choices are nine readings of the text, one for each answer choice combination. The group of readings begins with a “Begin Skippable Content” level-6 heading and ends with an “End Skippable Content” level-6 heading. Each reading consists of two option letters, the two words or phrases being combined, and the text with the combination of the words or phrases inserted into the blanks.
For questions containing three blanks, the choices will not be read in context because it has been determined that replaying the question for all possible combinations of answer choices is not a useful way to present these questions.
Question 14.
This question has two blanks.
In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already BLANK notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately BLANK even her own organization.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already (A. anachronistic, B. accepted, C. exotic) notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately (D. emulated by, E. appreciated by, F. alienated from) even her own organization.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. anachronistic, emulated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already anachronistic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately emulated by even her own organization.
A, E. anachronistic, appreciated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already anachronistic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately appreciated by even her own organization.
A, F. anachronistic, alienated from. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already anachronistic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately alienated from even her own organization.
B, D. accepted, emulated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already accepted notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately emulated by even her own organization.
B, E. accepted, appreciated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already accepted notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately appreciated by even her own organization.
B, F. accepted, alienated from. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already accepted notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately alienated from even her own organization.
C, D. exotic, emulated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already exotic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately emulated by even her own organization.
C, E. exotic, appreciated by. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already exotic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately appreciated by even her own organization.
C, F. exotic, alienated from. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already exotic notions, always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and ultimately alienated from even her own organization.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 15.
This question has two blanks.
Belanger dances with an BLANK that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to BLANK it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
Belanger dances with an (A. undemonstrative panache, B. unrestrained enthusiasm, C. unattractive gawkiness) that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to (D. focus, E. overwhelm, F. deflect) it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. undemonstrative panache, focus. Belanger dances with an undemonstrative panache that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to focus it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
A, E. undemonstrative panache, overwhelm. Belanger dances with an undemonstrative panache that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to overwhelm it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
A, F. undemonstrative panache, deflect. Belanger dances with an undemonstrative panache that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to deflect it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
B, D. unrestrained enthusiasm, focus. Belanger dances with an unrestrained enthusiasm that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to focus it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
B, E. unrestrained enthusiasm, overwhelm. Belanger dances with an unrestrained enthusiasm that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to overwhelm it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
B, F. unrestrained enthusiasm, deflect. Belanger dances with an unrestrained enthusiasm that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to deflect it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
C, D. unattractive gawkiness, focus. Belanger dances with an unattractive gawkiness that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to focus it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
C, E. unattractive gawkiness, overwhelm. Belanger dances with an unattractive gawkiness that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to overwhelm it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
C, F. unattractive gawkiness, deflect. Belanger dances with an unattractive gawkiness that draws one’s attention as if by seeking to deflect it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 16.
This question has two blanks.
The report’s major weakness is that it BLANK several important research studies, but it BLANK providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
The report’s major weakness is that it (A. misinterprets, B. omits, C. conflates) several important research studies, but it (D. errs in, E. quibbles over, F. compensates by) providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. misinterprets, errs in. The report’s major weakness is that it misinterprets several important research studies, but it errs in providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
A, E. misinterprets, quibbles over. The report’s major weakness is that it misinterprets several important research studies, but it quibbles over providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
A, F. misinterprets, compensates by. The report’s major weakness is that it misinterprets several important research studies, but it compensates by providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
B, D. omits, errs in. The report’s major weakness is that it omits several important research studies, but it errs in providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
B, E. omits, quibbles over. The report’s major weakness is that it omits several important research studies, but it quibbles over providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
B, F. omits, compensates by. The report’s major weakness is that it omits several important research studies, but it compensates by providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
C, D. conflates, errs in. The report’s major weakness is that it conflates several important research studies, but it errs in providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
C, E. conflates, quibbles over. The report’s major weakness is that it conflates several important research studies, but it quibbles over providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
C, F. conflates, compensates by. The report’s major weakness is that it conflates several important research studies, but it compensates by providing an abundance of fascinating details about those research studies that it does include.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 17.
This question has three blanks.
The most striking thing about the politician is how often his politics have been BLANK rather than ideological, as he adapts his political positions at any particular moment to the political realities that constrain him. He does not, however, piously BLANK political principles only to betray them in practice. Rather, he attempts in subtle ways to balance his political self-interest with a BLANK, viewing himself as an instrument of some unchanging higher purpose.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
The most striking thing about the politician is how often his politics have been (A. quixotic, B. self-righteous, C. strategic) rather than ideological, as he adapts his political positions at any particular moment to the political realities that constrain him. He does not, however, piously (D. brandish, E. flout, F. follow) political principles only to betray them in practice. Rather, he attempts in subtle ways to balance his political self-interest with a (G. profound cynicism, H. deeply felt moral code, I. thoroughgoing pragmatism), viewing himself as an instrument of some unchanging higher purpose.
Indicate your three answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following reading passage.
The condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography is confounding. Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one—received scant attention from scholars. And, while Naomi Rosenblum’s synoptic History of Women Photographers covers the subject through 1920 in a generally useful fashion, once she reaches the 1920’s, when the venues, forms, applications, and movements of the medium expanded exponentially, she resorts to an increasingly terse listing of unfamiliar names, with approaches and careers summarized in a sentence or two.
Question 18.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
The author of the passage cites Rosenblum’s book most likely in order to
A. suggest that the works documented most thoroughly by historians of women in photography often do not warrant that attention
B. offer an explanation for the observation that not all aspects of the history of women in photography have received the same level of attention
C. provide an example of a way in which scholarship on the history of women in photography has been unsatisfactory
D. suggest that employing a strictly chronological approach when studying the history of women in photography may be unproductive
E. provide support for the notion that certain personalities in women’s photography have attained undue prominence
Question 19.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
Which of the following statements about Marion Palfi is supported by the passage?
A. Marion Palfi’s photographs would have received greater recognition from historians had her work been done in an era when most aspects of photography were static rather than in a state of transition.
B. Alice Austen has achieved greater notoriety than has Marion Palfi primarily because the subjects that Austen photographed were more familiar to her contemporaries.
C. In addition to providing a record of certain historical events, Marion Palfi’s photographs played a role in subsequent events.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 20.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
The word "inflation" appears in the second sentence of the passage. That sentence reads, “Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one—received scant attention from scholars.”
In the context in which it appears, the word “inflation” most nearly means
A. exaggeration
B. acquisition
C. evaluation
D. distortion
E. attenuation
Indicate your answer choice.
Directions for questions 21 through 25:
Each of the following questions includes a sentence with a blank indicating that something has been omitted. Following the sentence you will hear a list of six words or phrases, each of which could be used to complete the sentence. Select the two answer choices that, when substituted for the blank, fit the context and produce the two sentences most nearly alike in meaning.
Following the list of answer choices are six readings of the sentence, one for each answer choice. The group of readings is surrounded by “Begin skippable content” and “End skippable content” labels formatted as level-6 headings. Each reading will begin with the word or phrase that can be inserted into the blank, followed by a reading of the sentence with the word or phrase inserted into the blank.
Question 21.
The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to BLANK levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. innocuous
B. feasible
C. practicable
D. beneficial
E. remedial
F. benign
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. innocuous. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to innocuous levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
B. feasible. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to feasible levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
C. practicable. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to practicable levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
D. beneficial. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to beneficial levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
E. remedial. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to remedial levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
F. benign. The plan, which the engineers said would save the aquifer by reducing pumping to benign levels, has passed a governmental environmental review but faces opposition from outdoor and environmental groups.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 22.
Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film BLANK the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. antedated
B. cloaked
C. portrayed
D. preceded
E. renewed
F. represented
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. antedated. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film antedated the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
B. cloaked. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film cloaked the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
C. portrayed. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film portrayed the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
D. preceded. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film preceded the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
E. renewed. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film renewed the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
F. represented. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainer’s 1974 film represented the filmmaker’s active involvement in feminist politics.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 23.
Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such BLANK assumptions.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. commonplace
B. disparate
C. divergent
D. fundamental
E. trite
F. trivial
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. commonplace. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such commonplace assumptions.
B. disparate. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such disparate assumptions.
C. divergent. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such divergent assumptions.
D. fundamental. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such fundamental assumptions.
E. trite. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such trite assumptions.
F. trivial. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such trivial assumptions.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 24.
During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed BLANK, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. arbitrary
B. capricious
C. cautious
D. compelling
E. exacting
F. meticulous
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. arbitrary. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed arbitrary, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
B. capricious. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed capricious, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
C. cautious. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed cautious, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
D. compelling. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed compelling, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
E. exacting. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed exacting, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
F. meticulous. During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed meticulous, without necessary relation to what had gone before.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 25.
Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat BLANK.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. abstruse
B. esoteric
C. insufferable
D. extraneous
E. tedious
F. verbose
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. abstruse. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat abstruse.
B. esoteric. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat esoteric.
C. insufferable. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat insufferable.
D. extraneous. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat extraneous.
E. tedious. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat tedious.
F. verbose. Because the author perpetuates the arcane language often employed in the field of economics, most readers will find this new book somewhat verbose.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
This is the end of Section 1 of Revised GRE Practice Test Number 2. In an actual test, once you complete a section you may not return to it. The answer key for this section is in a separate document, titled "GRE Practice Test 2 Answers.doc". Explanations for the questions in this section are in a separate document, titled “GRE Practice Test 2 Verbal Explanations.doc.”
Section 2. Verbal Reasoning
25 questions.
Directions for questions 1 through 4:
Each of the following questions includes a sentence with a blank indicating that something has been omitted. Following the sentence you will hear a list of six words or phrases, each of which could be used to complete the sentence. Select the two answer choices that, when substituted for the blank, fit the context and produce the two sentences most nearly alike in meaning.
Following the list of answer choices are six readings of the sentence, one for each answer choice. The group of readings is surrounded by “Begin skippable content” and “End skippable content” labels formatted as level-6 headings. Each reading will begin with the word or phrase that can be inserted into the blank, followed by a reading of the sentence with the word or phrase inserted into the blank.
Question 1.
Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a BLANK solution to the company’s financial woes.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. complete
B. fleeting
C. momentary
D. premature
E. total
F. trivial
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. complete. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a complete solution to the company’s financial woes.
B. fleeting. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a fleeting solution to the company’s financial woes.
C. momentary. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a momentary solution to the company’s financial woes.
D. premature. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a premature solution to the company’s financial woes.
E. total. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a total solution to the company’s financial woes.
F. trivial. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a trivial solution to the company’s financial woes.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 2.
Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of BLANK resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. diversity
B. deviation
C. variety
D. reproduction
E. stability
F. invigoration
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. diversity. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of diversity resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
B. deviation. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of deviation resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
C. variety. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of variety resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
D. reproduction. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of reproduction resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
E. stability. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of stability resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
F invigoration. Some scientists argue that carbon compounds play such a central role in life on Earth because of the possibility of invigoration resulting from the carbon atom’s ability to form an unending series of different molecules.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 3.
Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on BLANK accounts.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. synoptic
B. abridged
C. sensational
D. copious
E. lurid
F. understated
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. synoptic. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on synoptic accounts.
B. abridged. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on abridged accounts.
C. sensational. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on sensational accounts.
D. copious. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on copious accounts.
E lurid. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on lurid accounts.
F. understated. Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to keep abreast of the news is to rely on understated accounts.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Question 4.
Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was BLANK in its defense.
Now listen to the six answer choices, labeled A through F.
A. deferential
B. intransigent
C. lax
D. negligent
E. obsequious
F. resolute
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. deferential. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was deferential in its defense.
B. intransigent. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was intransigent in its defense.
C. lax. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was lax in its defense.
D. negligent. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was negligent in its defense.
E. obsequious. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was obsequious in its defense.
F. resolute. Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was resolute in its defense.
Indicate your two answer choices.
End skippable content.
Questions 5 and 6 are based on the following reading passage.
When marine organisms called phytoplankton photosynthesize, they absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater, potentially causing a reduction in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. However, phytoplankton flourish only in surface waters where iron levels are sufficiently high. Martin therefore hypothesized that adding iron to iron-poor regions of the ocean could help alleviate global warming. While experiments subsequently confirmed that such a procedure increases phytoplankton growth, field tests have shown that such growth does not significantly lower atmospheric carbon dioxide. When phytoplankton utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the carbon becomes a building block for organic matter, but the carbon leaks back into the atmosphere when predators consume the phytoplankton and respire carbon dioxide.
Question 5.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
It can be inferred from the passage that Martin’s hypothesis includes which of the following elements?
A. A correct understanding of how phytoplankton photosynthesis utilizes carbon dioxide
B. A correct prediction about how the addition of iron to iron-poor waters would affect phytoplankton growth
C. An incorrect prediction about how phytoplankton growth would affect the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 6.
Select and indicate the best answer from among the five answer choices:
The word “predators” appears in the last sentence of the passage, which reads, "When phytoplankton utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the carbon becomes a building block for organic matter, but the carbon leaks back into the atmosphere when predators consume the phytoplankton and respire carbon dioxide."
It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions “predators” primarily in order to
A. help explain why Martin’s hypothesis is incorrect
B. identify one effect of adding iron to iron-poor waters
C. indicate how some carbon dioxide is converted to solid organic matter
D. help account for differences in the density of phytoplankton between different regions of the ocean
E. point out a factor that was not anticipated by the scientists who conducted the field tests mentioned in the passage
Question 7 has five answer choices, labeled A through E, and is based on the following text.
Sparva, unlike Treland’s other provinces, requires automobile insurers to pay for any medical treatment sought by someone who has been involved in an accident; in the other provinces, insurers pay for nonemergency treatment only if they preapprove the treatment. Clearly, Sparva’s less restrictive policy must be the explanation for the fact that altogether insurers there pay for far more treatments after accidents than insurers in other provinces, even though Sparva does not have the largest population.
Question 7.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Car insurance costs more in Sparva than in any other province.
B. The cost of medical care in Sparva is higher than the national average.
C. Different insurance companies have different standards for determining what constitutes emergency treatment.
D. Fewer insurance companies operate in Sparva than in any other province.
E. There are fewer traffic accidents annually in Sparva than in any of the provinces of comparable or greater population.
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following reading passage. Some of the questions based on this passage refer to specific sentences in the passage. The passage contains two paragraphs and four sentences.
Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738, was an early attempt to popularize the scientific ideas of Isaac Newton. In the book’s frontispiece, Voltaire is seen writing at his desk, and over him a shaft of light from heaven, the light of truth, passes through Newton to Voltaire’s collaborator Madame du Châtelet; she reflects that light onto the inspired Voltaire.
Voltaire’s book commanded a wide audience, according to Feingold, because “he was neither a mathematician nor a physicist, but a literary giant aloof from the academic disputes over Newtonian ideas.” In other words, Voltaire’s amateurism in science “was a source of his contemporary appeal, demonstrating for the first time the accessibility of Newton’s ideas to nonspecialists.”
Question 8.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
Which of the following statements about Voltaire’s Elements of the Philosophy of Newton can be inferred from the passage?
A. Voltaire’s literary stature helped secure a large audience for this attempt to popularize Newton’s ideas.
B. Voltaire’s status as a nonscientist was an advantage in this effort to bring Newtonian science to the attention of the general public.
C. The frontispiece of the book implies that Voltaire’s understanding of Newton’s ideas was not achieved without assistance.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 9.
The four sentences in the passage will be repeated, in their original order, with each one assigned a letter. Select and indicate the sentence that describes an allegory for Voltaire’s acquisition of knowledge concerning Newton’s ideas.
A. Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738, was an early attempt to popularize the scientific ideas of Isaac Newton.
B. In the book’s frontispiece, Voltaire is seen writing at his desk, and over him a shaft of light from heaven, the light of truth, passes through Newton to Voltaire’s collaborator Madame du Châtelet; she reflects that light onto the inspired Voltaire.
C. Voltaire’s book commanded a wide audience, according to Feingold, because “he was neither a mathematician nor a physicist, but a literary giant aloof from the academic disputes over Newtonian ideas.”
D. In other words, Voltaire’s amateurism in science “was a source of his contemporary appeal, demonstrating for the first time the accessibility of Newton’s ideas to nonspecialists.”
Directions for Question 10:
Question 10 includes a short text with two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. You will be asked to select one entry for each blank from the corresponding choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
First you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the omitted material. Next, you will hear the text again, but in place of each blank, you will hear three lettered options for filling that blank. The set of lettered options is formatted as bold and enclosed by parentheses. Each option consists of a word or phrase.
Following the list of answer choices are nine readings of the text, one for each answer choice combination. The group of readings begins with a “Begin Skippable Content” level-6 heading and ends with an “End Skippable Content” level-6 heading. Each reading consists of two option letters, the two words or phrases being combined, and the text with the combination of the words or phrases inserted into the blanks.
Question 10.
Ironically, the writer so wary of BLANK was BLANK with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
Ironically, the writer so wary of (A. probity, B. extravagance, C. disapprobation) was (D. acquisitive, E. illiberal, F. profligate) with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. probity, acquisitive. Ironically, the writer so wary of probity was acquisitive with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
A, E. probity, illiberal. Ironically, the writer so wary of probity was illiberal with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
A, F. probity, profligate. Ironically, the writer so wary of probity was profligate with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
B, D. extravagance, acquisitive. Ironically, the writer so wary of extravagance was acquisitive with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
B, E. extravagance, illiberal. Ironically, the writer so wary of extravagance was illiberal with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
B, F. extravagance, profligate. Ironically, the writer so wary of extravagance was profligate with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
C, D. disapprobation, acquisitive. Ironically, the writer so wary of disapprobation was acquisitive with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
C, E. disapprobation, illiberal. Ironically, the writer so wary of disapprobation was illiberal with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
C, F. disapprobation, profligate. Ironically, the writer so wary of disapprobation was profligate with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 shagreen-bound folio pages—a fortune in stationery at the time.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End Skippable Content.
Directions for questions 11 through 13:
Each of the following questions includes a short text with a blank, indicating that something has been omitted. Select the entry that best completes the text.
For each question, first you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the blank. There are five answer choices, each consisting of a word or phrase, for filling in the blank. Next you will hear the five lettered options for filling in the blank. You may then indicate your answer, or go on to listen to the options in context.
Following the list of answer choices are five lettered readings of the text, one for each answer choice. The group of readings is separated from the main text using the “Begin skippable content” and “End skippable content” level-6 headings.
Question 11.
Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny BLANK teaching in this area.
A. prevent
B. defy
C. replicate
D. inform
E. use
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. prevent. Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny prevent teaching in this area.
B. defy. Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny defy teaching in this area.
C. replicate. Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny replicate teaching in this area.
D. inform. Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny inform teaching in this area.
E. use. Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny use teaching in this area.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Question 12.
Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can BLANK its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
A. enhance
B. replace
C. produce
D. surpass
E. reconcile
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. enhance. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can enhance its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
B. replace. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can replace its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
C. produce. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can produce its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
D. surpass. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can surpass its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
E. reconcile. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can reconcile its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Question 13.
In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as BLANK.
A. a paradigm
B. a misnomer
C. a profundity
D. an inaccuracy
E. an anomaly
Indicate one answer choice or go on to hear the choices in context.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A. a paradigm. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as a paradigm.
B. a misnomer. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as a misnomer.
C. a profundity. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as a profundity.
D. an inaccuracy. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as an inaccuracy.
E. an anomaly. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as an anomaly.
Indicate one answer choice.
End skippable content.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following reading passage.
It would be expected that a novel by a figure as prominent as W. E. B. DuBois would attract the attention of literary critics. Additionally, when the novel subtly engages the issue of race, as DuBois’ The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911) does, it would be a surprise not to encounter an abundance of scholarly work about that text. But though valuable scholarship has examined DuBois’ political and historical thought, his novels have received scant attention. Perhaps DuBois the novelist must wait his turn behind DuBois the philosopher, historian, and editor. But what if the truth lies elsewhere: what if his novels do not speak to current concerns?
Question 14.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding DuBois’ The Quest of the Silver Fleece?
A. The lack of attention devoted to The Quest of the Silver Fleece can be attributed to the fact that it was DuBois’ first novel.
B. Among DuBois’ novels, The Quest of the Silver Fleece is unusual in that it has received scant attention from scholars.
C. The Quest of the Silver Fleece has at least one feature that typically would attract the attention of literary scholars.
D. The Quest of the Silver Fleece, given its subtle exploration of race, is probably the best novel written by DuBois.
E. Much of the scholarly work that has focused on The Quest of the Silver Fleece has been surprisingly critical of it.
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Question 15.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
This question refers to the fourth sentence, which reads as follows: “Perhaps DuBois the novelist must wait his turn behind DuBois the philosopher, historian, and editor.”
In this sentence, the author of the passage is most likely suggesting that
A. scholars will find that DuBois’ novels are more relevant to current concerns than is his work as philosopher, historian, and editor
B. more scholarly attention will be paid to The Quest of the Silver Fleece than to DuBois’ other novels
C. DuBois’ novels will come to overshadow his work as philosopher, historian, and editor
D. DuBois’ novels may eventually attract greater scholarly interest than they have to date
E. it will be shown that DuBois’ work as philosopher, historian, and editor had an important influence on his work as novelist
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Question 16.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
Which of the following best describes the central issue with which the passage is concerned?
A. The perfunctoriness of much of the critical work devoted to DuBois’ novels
B. The nature of DuBois’ engagement with the issue of race in The Quest of the Silver Fleece
C. Whether DuBois’ novels are of high quality and relevant to current concerns
D. The relationship between DuBois the novelist and DuBois the philosopher, historian, and editor
E. The degree of consideration that has been given to DuBois’ novels, including The Quest of the Silver Fleece
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Directions for questions 17 through 20:
Each of the following questions includes a short text with two or three blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. You will be asked to select one entry for each blank from the corresponding choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
For each question, first you will hear the text with the word “BLANK” in place of the omitted material. Next, you will hear the text again, but in place of each blank, you will hear three lettered options for filling that blank. The set of lettered options is formatted as bold and enclosed by parentheses. Each option consists of a word or phrase.
For questions containing two blanks, following the list of answer choices are nine readings of the text, one for each answer choice combination. The group of readings begins with a “Begin Skippable Content” level-6 heading and ends with an “End Skippable Content” level-6 heading. Each reading consists of two option letters, the two words or phrases being combined, and the text with the combination of the words or phrases inserted into the blanks.
For questions containing three blanks, the choices will not be read in context because it has been determined that replaying the question for all possible combinations of answer choices is not a useful way to present these questions.
Question 17.
This question has two blanks.
The BLANK of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to BLANK his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
The (A. stigmatization, B. lionization, C. marginalization) of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to (D. foreground, E. transcend, F. obscure) his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. stigmatization, foreground. The stigmatization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to foreground his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
A, E. stigmatization, transcend. The stigmatization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to transcend his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
A, F. stigmatization, obscure. The stigmatization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to obscure his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
B, D. lionization, foreground. The lionization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to foreground his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
B, E. lionization, transcend. The lionization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to transcend his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
B, F. lionization, obscure. The lionization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to obscure his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
C, D. marginalization, foreground. The marginalization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to foreground his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
C, E. marginalization, transcend. The marginalization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to transcend his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
C, F. marginalization, obscure. The marginalization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America’s literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to obscure his efforts as an amateur entomologist.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 18.
This question has two blanks.
The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century BLANK the assertion that the two movements were BLANK.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century (A. undermines, B. supports, C. underscores) the assertion that the two movements were (D. diffuse, E. inimical, F. predominant).
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. undermines, diffuse. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century undermines the assertion that the two movements were diffuse.
A, E. undermines, inimical. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century undermines the assertion that the two movements were inimical.
A, F. undermines, predominant. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century undermines the assertion that the two movements were predominant.
B, D. supports, diffuse. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century supports the assertion that the two movements were diffuse.
B, E. supports, inimical. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century supports the assertion that the two movements were inimical.
B, F. supports, predominant. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century supports the assertion that the two movements were predominant.
C, D. underscores, diffuse. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century underscores the assertion that the two movements were diffuse.
C, E. underscores, inimical. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century underscores the assertion that the two movements were inimical.
C, F. underscores, predominant. The activists’ energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century underscores the assertion that the two movements were predominant.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 19.
This question has two blanks.
There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely BLANK. At a moment when so many films strive to be as BLANK as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely (A. peculiarity, B. pellucidity, C. conventionality). At a moment when so many films strive to be as (D. indirect, E. assertive, F. enigmatic) as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
Indicate your two answer choices or go on to hear them in context. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Begin skippable content.
Answer Choices in Context:
A, D. peculiarity, indirect. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely peculiarity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as indirect as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
A, E. peculiarity, assertive. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely peculiarity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as assertive as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
A, F. peculiarity, enigmatic. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely peculiarity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as enigmatic as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
B, D. pellucidity, indirect. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely pellucidity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as indirect as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
B, E. pellucidity, assertive. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely pellucidity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as assertive as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
B, F. pellucidity, enigmatic. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely pellucidity. At a moment when so many films strive to be as enigmatic as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
C, D. conventionality, indirect. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely conventionality. At a moment when so many films strive to be as indirect as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
C, E. conventionality, assertive. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely conventionality. At a moment when so many films strive to be as assertive as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
C, F. conventionality, enigmatic. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more to it than its lovely conventionality. At a moment when so many films strive to be as enigmatic as possible, it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
Indicate your two answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
End skippable content.
Question 20.
This question has three blanks.
Wills argues that certain malarial parasites are especially BLANK because they have more recently entered humans than other species and therefore have had BLANK time to evolve toward BLANK. Yet there is no reliable evidence that the most harmful Plasmodium species has been in humans for a shorter time than less harmful species.
Now listen to the text with the three options inserted in place of each blank.
Wills argues that certain malarial parasites are especially (A. populous, B. malignant, C. threatened) because they have more recently entered humans than other species and therefore have had (D. ample, E. insufficient, F. adequate) time to evolve toward (G. virulence, H. benignity, I. variability). Yet there is no reliable evidence that the most harmful Plasmodium species has been in humans for a shorter time than less harmful species.
Indicate your three answer choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Question 21 is based on the following text.
Saturn’s giant moon Titan is the only planetary satellite with a significant atmosphere and the only body in the solar system other than Earth that has a thick atmosphere dominated by molecular nitrogen. For a long time, the big question about Titan’s atmosphere was how it could be so thick, given that Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto, which are the same size as Titan, have none. The conditions for acquiring and retaining a thick nitrogen atmosphere are now readily understood. The low temperature of the protosaturnian nebula enabled Titan to acquire the moderately volatile compounds methane and ammonia (later converted to nitrogen) in addition to water. The higher temperatures of Jupiter’s moons, which were closer to the Sun, prevented them from acquiring such an atmosphere.
Question 21.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
According to the passage, Titan differs atmospherically from Ganymede and Callisto because of a difference in
A. rate of heat loss
B. proximity to the Sun
C. availability of methane and ammonia
D. distance from its planet
E. size
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided
Question 22 is based on the following text, for which you will be asked to supply a completion:
Observations of the Arctic reveal that the Arctic Ocean is covered by less ice each summer than the previous summer. If this warming trend continues, within 50 years the Arctic Ocean will be ice free during the summer months. This occurrence would in itself have little or no effect on global sea levels, since the melting of ice floating in water does not affect the water level. However, serious consequences to sea levels would eventually result, because BLANK.
Question 22.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. large masses of floating sea ice would continue to form in the wintertime
B. significant changes in Arctic sea temperatures would be accompanied by changes in sea temperatures in more temperate parts of the world
C. such a warm Arctic Ocean would trigger the melting of massive land-based glaciers in the Arctic
D. an ice-free Arctic Ocean would support a very different ecosystem than it does presently
E. in the spring, melting sea ice would cause more icebergs to be created and to drift south into shipping routes
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
Questions 23 through 25 are based on the following reading passage, which consists of two paragraphs. One or more questions based on this passage will ask you to select a sentence in the passage that plays a certain role. The passage contains two paragraphs and five sentences.
In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630’s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families. Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630’s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by 1700.
With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect. When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material improvement.
Question 23.
This question has three answer choices, labeled A through C. Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply. The credited response may be one, two, or all three of the choices.
The passage indicates that Cressy would agree with which of the following statements about the organizers among the English immigrants to New England in the 1630’s?
A. Some of them offered a religious explanation for their immigration.
B. They did not offer any reasons for their immigration until some time after they had immigrated.
C. They were more likely than the average immigrant to be motivated by material considerations.
Indicate your answer choice or choices.
Question 24.
The five sentences in the passage will be repeated, in their original order, with each one assigned a letter. Select and indicate the sentence that provides Cressy’s opinion about what motivated English immigrants to go to New England in the 1630’s.
A. In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630’s: what kinds of people immigrated and why?
B. Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families.
C. Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630’s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by 1700.
D. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.
E. When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material improvement.
Question 25.
This question has five answer choices, labeled A through E. Select and indicate the best answer from among these choices.
In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
A. summarizing the findings of an investigation
B. analyzing a method of argument
C. evaluating a point of view
D. hypothesizing about a set of circumstances
E. establishing categories
Select and indicate one answer choice from among the choices provided.
This is the end of Section 2 of Revised GRE Practice Test Number 2. In an actual test, once you complete a section you may not return to it. The answer key for this section is in a separate document, titled "GRE Practice Test 2 Answers.doc". Explanations for the questions in this section are in a separate document, titled “GRE Practice Test 2 Verbal Explanations.doc”
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