Student Resource Area for: Guiding Children's Social ...
Student Resource Area for: Guiding Children's Social Development: Theory to Practice, 6E
Chapter 4 - Promoting Children's Developing Sense of Self Through Verbal Communication
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Key Points
I. Create a positive verbal environment.
• Greet children when they arrive.
• Address children by name.
• Extend invitations to children to interact with you.
• Speak politely to children.
• Listen attentively to what children have to say; use active listening.
• Invite children to elaborate on what they are saying.
• Think of some conversation openers in advance.
• Use silence to invite conversation.
• Take advantage of spontaneous opportunities to converse with children; engage children in conversation frequently.
• Refrain from speaking when talk would destroy the mood of the interaction.
• Provide verbal encouragement to children as they refine and expand their skills.
• Choose your language carefully; listen carefully to what you say and how you say it.
II. Formulate behavior reflections.
• Describe some aspect of the child's person or behavior in a statement to the child.
• Phrase behavior reflections as statements.
• Address behavior reflections directly to children.
• Use descriptive vocabulary as part of your reflection.
• Use nonjudgmental vocabulary and tone when reflecting children's behavior.
III. Formulate questions.
• Ask open-ended questions.
• Monitor the questions you ask.
• Ask questions when you are truly perplexed.
• Carefully choose when to ask open-ended questions.
• Emphasize quality over quantity when using questions in conversations with children.
• Give children time to think about and answer questions.
IV. Formulate paraphrase reflections.
• Listen actively to the child's words.
• Restate in your own words what the child has said.
• Rephrase erroneous reflections.
• Match your reflection to each child's ability to understand language.
• Use a conversational tone when reflecting.
• Summarize children's actions and words rather than reflect each individual behavior or idea expressed.
• Select one idea at a time to paraphrase.
• Add interest to your reflections by periodically phrasing them in a form opposite from what the child used.
• Reflect first when children ask you a question.
V. Formulate effective praise statements.
• Use behavior reflections to acknowledge children's efforts and accomplishments.
• Note positive changes you've observed in children's abilities over time.
• Point out to children the positive effects their actions have on others.
• Focus on some positive aspect of children's efforts to do something, not simply the product they achieve.
• Be honest in your praise and offer children authentic feedback.
VI. Support linguistically diverse children.
• Evaluate your sensitivity to children's use of their home language.
• Learn relevant words in the home languages of the children in your group.
• If you are fluent in children's home language, monitor how you interact with children using that language.
• Familiarize yourself with ways in which the formal group setting can be better designed to support children's linguistic diversity.
VII. Communicate with children's families.
• Apply the principles of a positive verbal environment in your interactions with family members.
• Use paraphrase reflections and open-ended questions while interacting with family members.
• Use honest praise and authentic feedback to acknowledge family participation in the program.
• Collaborate with family members in supporting linguistically diverse children.
VIII. Avoid the following pitfalls:
• Parroting.
• Reflecting incessantly.
• Perfunctory reflecting.
• Treating children as objects.
• Correcting children's overestimating of their abilities.
• Turning reflections into questions.
• Answering one's own questions rather than allowing children to answer.
• Habitually answering children's questions with your own.
• Using ineffective praise.
• Interrupting children's activities.
• Failing to vary one's responses.
• Hesitating to speak.
• Sounding mechanical and unnatural while using the skills.
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