Practice Questions Language (Unit 7B and Appendix D)



Practice Questions Language (Unit 7B and Appendix D)

|1. |The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a: |

|A) |prototype. |

|B) |phenotype. |

|C) |morpheme. |

|D) |phoneme. |

|2. |Native German speakers who pronounce the English world “this” as “dis” are demonstrating their difficulty with an English: |

|A) |morphene. |

|B) |prototype. |

|C) |phoneme. |

|D) |heuristic. |

|3. |Morphemes are: |

|A) |the smallest speech units that carry meaning. |

|B) |the best examples of particular categories of objects. |

|C) |the smallest distinctive sound units of a language. |

|D) |rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences. |

|4. |The word “cats” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s). |

|A) |2; 1 |

|B) |4; 1 |

|C) |2; 4 |

|D) |4; 2 |

|5. |Semantics refers to the: |

|A) |logical and methodical procedures for solving problems. |

|B) |orderly arrangement of words into grammatically correct sentences. |

|C) |simple thinking strategies that facilitate quick decision making. |

|D) |derivation of meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences. |

|6. |The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different |

| |meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of: |

|A) |syntax. |

|B) |semantics. |

|C) |morphemes. |

|D) |prototypes. |

|7. |At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to: |

|A) |imitate adult grammar. |

|B) |make speech sounds only if their hearing is unimpaired. |

|C) |speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. |

|D) |lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear. |

|8. |In order to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of: |

|A) |semantics. |

|B) |syntax. |

|C) |nomenclature. |

|D) |phonics. |

|9. |At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the |

| |________ stage of language development. |

|A) |syntactic |

|B) |babbling |

|C) |telegraphic speech |

|D) |one-word |

|10. |Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. |

|A) |one-word |

|B) |babbling |

|C) |two-word |

|D) |phonetic |

|11. |B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of ________ in language acquisition. |

|A) |surface structure |

|B) |syntax |

|C) |reinforcement |

|D) |universal grammar |

|12. |Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by: |

|A) |an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules. |

|B) |their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents. |

|C) |the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities. |

|D) |the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly. |

|13. |It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children: |

|A) |acquire language even in the absence of social interaction. |

|B) |resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes. |

|C) |overgeneralize grammatical rules, producing speech errors they have never heard before. |

|D) |employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday. |

|14. |Chomksy suggested that diverse human languages share a: |

|A) |universal grammar. |

|B) |surface structure. |

|C) |outcome simulation. |

|D) |statistical concept. |

|15. |Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that: |

|A) |infancy is a critical period for language development. |

|B) |all languages share a similar grammar. |

|C) |our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status. |

|D) |words shape the way people think. |

|16. |Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for: |

|A) |overestimating the impact of thinking on language. |

|B) |overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language. |

|C) |underestimating the impact of language on thinking. |

|D) |underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language. |

|17. |It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow |

| |conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates: |

|A) |inborn universal grammar. |

|B) |the representativeness heuristic. |

|C) |linguistic determinism. |

|D) |the framing effect. |

|18. |Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of: |

|A) |pictures. |

|B) |Morse code. |

|C) |sign language. |

|D) |English letters. |

|19. |Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to: |

|A) |vocalize the most common vowel sounds. |

|B) |acquire language vocabulary as rapidly as most children. |

|C) |communicate meaning through the use of symbols. |

|D) |do all of the above. |

|20. |When choosing who should retrieve food for them, humans prefer someone who has witnessed it being hidden. Chimps do not. This |

| |best illustrates that chimps have a more limited: |

|A) |syntax. |

|B) |prototype. |

|C) |theory of mind. |

|D) |category hierarchy. |

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