Practice Questions Language (Unit 7B and Appendix D)
Practice Questions Language (Unit 7B and Appendix D)
|1. |The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a: |
|A) |prototype. |
|B) |phenotype. |
|C) |morpheme. |
|D) |phoneme. |
|2. |Native German speakers who pronounce the English world “this” as “dis” are demonstrating their difficulty with an English: |
|A) |morphene. |
|B) |prototype. |
|C) |phoneme. |
|D) |heuristic. |
|3. |Morphemes are: |
|A) |the smallest speech units that carry meaning. |
|B) |the best examples of particular categories of objects. |
|C) |the smallest distinctive sound units of a language. |
|D) |rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences. |
|4. |The word “cats” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s). |
|A) |2; 1 |
|B) |4; 1 |
|C) |2; 4 |
|D) |4; 2 |
|5. |Semantics refers to the: |
|A) |logical and methodical procedures for solving problems. |
|B) |orderly arrangement of words into grammatically correct sentences. |
|C) |simple thinking strategies that facilitate quick decision making. |
|D) |derivation of meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences. |
|6. |The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different |
| |meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of: |
|A) |syntax. |
|B) |semantics. |
|C) |morphemes. |
|D) |prototypes. |
|7. |At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to: |
|A) |imitate adult grammar. |
|B) |make speech sounds only if their hearing is unimpaired. |
|C) |speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. |
|D) |lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear. |
|8. |In order to combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of: |
|A) |semantics. |
|B) |syntax. |
|C) |nomenclature. |
|D) |phonics. |
|9. |At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the |
| |________ stage of language development. |
|A) |syntactic |
|B) |babbling |
|C) |telegraphic speech |
|D) |one-word |
|10. |Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. |
|A) |one-word |
|B) |babbling |
|C) |two-word |
|D) |phonetic |
|11. |B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of ________ in language acquisition. |
|A) |surface structure |
|B) |syntax |
|C) |reinforcement |
|D) |universal grammar |
|12. |Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by: |
|A) |an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules. |
|B) |their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents. |
|C) |the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities. |
|D) |the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly. |
|13. |It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children: |
|A) |acquire language even in the absence of social interaction. |
|B) |resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes. |
|C) |overgeneralize grammatical rules, producing speech errors they have never heard before. |
|D) |employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday. |
|14. |Chomksy suggested that diverse human languages share a: |
|A) |universal grammar. |
|B) |surface structure. |
|C) |outcome simulation. |
|D) |statistical concept. |
|15. |Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that: |
|A) |infancy is a critical period for language development. |
|B) |all languages share a similar grammar. |
|C) |our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status. |
|D) |words shape the way people think. |
|16. |Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for: |
|A) |overestimating the impact of thinking on language. |
|B) |overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language. |
|C) |underestimating the impact of language on thinking. |
|D) |underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language. |
|17. |It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow |
| |conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates: |
|A) |inborn universal grammar. |
|B) |the representativeness heuristic. |
|C) |linguistic determinism. |
|D) |the framing effect. |
|18. |Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of: |
|A) |pictures. |
|B) |Morse code. |
|C) |sign language. |
|D) |English letters. |
|19. |Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to: |
|A) |vocalize the most common vowel sounds. |
|B) |acquire language vocabulary as rapidly as most children. |
|C) |communicate meaning through the use of symbols. |
|D) |do all of the above. |
|20. |When choosing who should retrieve food for them, humans prefer someone who has witnessed it being hidden. Chimps do not. This |
| |best illustrates that chimps have a more limited: |
|A) |syntax. |
|B) |prototype. |
|C) |theory of mind. |
|D) |category hierarchy. |
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