Canada Study Guide



Canada Study Guide (with Answers)

1. How does climate affect the people of Canada (where they live, what they can grow)?

Cold climate affects what crops they can grow (can’t grow citrus and other warm weather crops).

Most Canadians live in southern Canada, within 2 hours of the US border.

2. Explain WHY the following people and events are important in Canada’s history: John Cabot, the French-Indian War (Seven Years War), the British North American Act, the Quebec Act, and the Canada Act of 1982?

John Cabot: explored Canada for the British

French-Indian War: Fought between the British and the French for control of Canada. The French lost and gave up control to Britain. All of Canada became part of the British Empire

British North American Act: created the Dominion of Canada

Quebec Act: guaranteed freedom of religion, freedom to speak French, and use of French civil law in the province of Quebec

Canada Act of 1982: official separation of Canada and British Parliament

3. What is NAFTA? Explain the positive and negative effects of NAFTA.

North American Free Trade Agreement – an agreement among Mexico, Canada and the US to eliminate trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas

Positives: increased trade among member nations, reduce the cost of doing business

Negatives: worker’s wages and labor laws have not improved

4. How does Canada’s location affect trade?

Easy movement of goods and services with other countries (Canada has great access to the United States, and ports on both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans)

5. Describe Canada’s system of government.

Federal, parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy

6. Explain Canada’s major environmental issues (acid rain, pollution of the Great Lakes, the timber industry, and the extraction of resources from the Canadian Shield) and how the government is addressing these issues.

Acid rain: caused by factories, cars and burning of fossil fuels

Kills plants and fish, pollutes rivers and lakes

Gov’t: laws passed to reduce vehicle emissions, build factories that don’t pollute the air

Great Lakes Pollution: pollution was at its highest levels in 1970s, fishing was

unsafe

Gov’t: has to work with the US to clean up the Great Lakes because the two countries share the water in the lakes

Timber Industry: cutting down too many trees hurts the environment and

threatens the future availability of resources

Gov’t: Replace the trees cut down by planting new trees

Canadian Shield: blasting and digging for minerals damage the land

Gov’t: reduce amount of mining allowed

7. What is the main industry of the Canadian Shield?

Mining for minerals

8. What freedoms do Canadians have?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, free to criticize the government

9. How can Canadian citizens influence the government?

Voting

10. Canada has a mixed economy. What does that mean?

Canada has some characteristics of a command economy and some characteristics of a market economy. Canada is closer to the market end of the spectrum. There is a combination of both privately owned businesses AND government control. Decisions about “what to produce” are driven by both consumers (what people are willing to buy) and the government. One aspect of a command economy: healthcare is provided by the government in Canada.

11. Describe the following trade barriers: embargo, tariff, quota

Embargo: stops all trade with another country … normally used to pressure the

embargoed nation to change its policies

Tariff: A tax (or fee) charged for importing goods

Quota: Limit on the number of goods that can be imported … used to protect the

country’s own companies

12. What are the two official languages of Canada?

English and French

13. What are the major industries of Canada?

Timber, mining, fishing, hydroelectric power

14. How is healthcare in Canada different from healthcare in the U.S.?

Healthcare in Canada is provided by the government

15. What is the goal of the Quebec independence movement?

To become an independent (separate) country.

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