Chapter 11 -- Industrial Change and Urbanization, 1820-1850



Chapter 12The Market Revolution and Social Reform 1815–1850Chapter SummaryChapter 12 offers an overview of the transformation of the American North during the period from 1815 to 1850. Topics discussed in this chapter include the growth in American industry, transportation, and urbanization; German and Irish immigration during the 1840s; and the rise of nineteenth century reform movements. These movements include educational reform; the development of institutions for the poor, criminal, and insane; and the rise in experimental utopian communities. The women’s rights movement and the role of women in other reform movements are also examined, with a particular focus on the interconnections between women’s rights and opposition to slavery.I.Industrial Change and UrbanizationThe Transportation RevolutionSteamboats and canalsRailroadsGovernment and the transportation revolutionCities and ImmigrantsThe port citiesInland citiesNew industrial citiesImmigrationThe Industrial RevolutionSources of laborTechnological gainsGrowing Inequality and New ClassesThe new middle classWomen and the cult of domesticityThe working classesEarly trade unionsII.Reform and Moral OrderA.The Benevolent EmpireB.The Temperance MovementC.Women’s Role in ReformD.Backlash Against BenevolenceIII.Institutions and Social ImprovementA.School ReformPrisons, Workhouses, and AsylumsWorkhousesAsylums for the mentally illC.Utopian Alternatives1.A distinctly national literatureIV.Abolitionism and Women’s RightsA.Rejecting ColonizationB.AbolitionismC.The Women’s Rights MovementD.Political AntislaveryV.Conclusion Learning ObjectivesAfter a careful examination of Chapter 12, students should be able to answer the following:1.How did industrialization contribute to growing inequality and the creation of new social classes?2.What role did women play in the reform movements that followed the War of 1812?3.How did Enlightenment ideas shaped the reform of institutions for the poor, criminals, and the mentally ill? 4.What was the relationship between abolitionism and the women’s rights movement?Chapter 12: The Market Revolution and Social Reform, 1815–1850Multiple ChoiceIndustrial Change and InnovationAn effect of the practical use of steamboats was:Which of the following transportation systems was developed last?During the 1840s:During the 1840s, American railroads:Half of all capital for early railroads:In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that:Which city was not among America’s largest in 1820?The enormous growth of New York City was fueled by all of the following factors EXCEPT:The most notorious slum in New York City during the 1800s was:Inland cities included all of the following EXCEPT:Pittsburgh complemented its function as an exchange center by:St. Louis was ideally located for urban growth because:Which city is NOT located on the Great Lakes?In 1860, the two most populous cities were:America’s first large-scale, planned city for the sole purpose of manufacturing was:During the 1840s and 1850s, the highest number of immigrants came from:Why did many Irish people come to America in the 1840s and 50s?All of the following statements about immigration from 1840–1860 are true EXCEPT:Up to 1815 in cities and larger towns, most manufacturing was done by:In Jeffersonian America, manufacturing was centered in:The putting-out system:What is the best description of an artisan?Which nation pioneered most of the technological methods and advances of industrialization?The Rhode Island system of employment was based on:Lowell, Massachusetts represented an example of:Conditions in towns that used the Waltham system included all of the following EXCEPT:Other than in New England’s textile factories, the largest group of earliest manufacturing workers were:Samuel Slater:Which statement about the American system of manufacturing is NOT true?Which statement about Eli Whitney is NOT true?Western manufacturers improved their business conditions by:When the Boston Associates built dams and canals:Which statement best summarizes the distribution of wealth in the period 1800–1850?The growing middle class was most likely to find jobs in:An aspect of the new middle class was:A supporter of temperance believed:The “cult of domesticity” emphasized that:The first national union was:Working-class activists of the 1830s promoted all of the following ideas EXCEPT:In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Supreme Court ruled that:All of the following groups were disliked by nativists EXCEPT:In 1842, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in this case that a trade union was not necessarily subject to laws against criminal conspiracies and that a strike could be used to force employers to hire only union members.REFORM AND MORAL ORDER Eastern elitemen, with the support of their wives and daughters, formed a group of church-affiliated reform organizations known as the:The Sabbatarian movement:The American Temperance Society concerned itself mainly with: This man is considered to be the father of the Mormon Church.The Mormons believed strongly in:INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL IMPROVEMENTThe first political demands for free tax-supported schools originated with the:How did the American approach to dealing with social problems change in the early to mid-1800s?School reform succeeded in large part because it appealed to the:This religious group was at its height in the 1830s and attracted over 6,000 followers.This place was considered a showcase for the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson.The author of Walden was:ABOLITIONISM AND WOMEN'S RIGHTSIn 1817, antislavery reformers founded this society.An example of an immediatist would be:Women’s treatment within the __________ movement was the final impetus for forming a separate women’s This document, issued at the Seneca Falls Convention, called for full female equality.ChronologyWhich of the following happened first? pletion of the Erie Canalb.American Temperance Society crusadec.initial publication of The Liberatord.first journey of Robert Fulton’s steamboat ClermontWhich of the following happened last?a.establishment of Brook Farmb.Seneca Falls Conventionc.first strike at Lowell Millsd.emancipation of slaves in the British EmpireShort EssaysWhat are the characteristics of the Rhode Island system and the Waltham system?What were the most important improvements in transportation during the first half of the nineteenth century?What are some examples of the growth of American cities in the 1800s?How were the economic interests of the West linked with those of the Northeast?According to nativists, what problems plagued America?Extended EssaysIn what ways can it be said that new divisions between a “North” and “South” were developing in America during the period of 1800–1850?Why did economic growth widen the gap between rich and poor?How did class structure change in the first half of the 1800s? What examples reveal the emergence of new tensions between the classes?How can the rapid surge of American industrialism in the period of 1815–1850 be explained?Address the following statement: “The rapid growth of industrialism spurred both progress and conflict.”Describe the events that led to more of the citizens of the United States becoming abolitionists. Which religious groups were involved in decrying slavery and why? What political organizations grew out of the abolitionist movement? ................
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