RNA and Protein Synthesis



Unit 4 Test: DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis REVIEW**You may turn this review in for an extra 5 points on your test. The answer key is on my website under the “test reviews” tab.**DNA, Replication1. What does DNA stand for?Deoxyribonucleic acid2. What are the three parts of the nucleotide?Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base3. What are the four bases found in DNA?G, A, T, C4. How do the bases pair up (what pairs w/ what)?A and T, G and C5. What is the sugar found in DNA called?deoxyribose6. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?Double helix7. What is the type of bond that holds the base pairs together?Hydrogen bond8. What makes up the backbone of the DNA molecule (the sides of the ladder)?The sugars and the phosphatesRNA and Protein Synthesis9. What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?RNA=uracil, DNA=double stranded, RNA=more than one kind10. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid11. What are the three types of RNA and what is their function? mRNA-copies the DNA templatetRNA-carries amino acids to the ribosome to assemble proteinsrRNA- component of ribosome and help to make proteins12. How many nucleotides does it take to make one amino acid? 313. Where are proteins built? (on which cell organelle?)ribosomes14. List three reasons proteins are important. Provide structure, used as enzymes, act as antibodies15. Where does transcription take place and what happens? Takes place in the nucleus and mRNA is made from a DNA template16. What is the process called that changes DNA to mRNA? transcription17. What is the process called that uses tRNA to carry amino acids to mRNA to build a polypeptide? translation18. Fill in the matching base: DNA DNADNA m RNAmRNA tRNA(process name?:__replication__)(process name?:_transcription_)(process name?:_translation)Adenine--TAdenine--UAdenine-- UThymine--AThymine--AUracil-- ACytosine--GCytosine--GCytosine--GGuanine--CGuanine--CGuanine—C19. Where does translation take place and what happens? Takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm; tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome to pair their anticodon with the mRNA codon to assemble amino acids in a chain to make a polypeptide20. Where in the cell are the amino acids when tRNA is trying to find them? Amino acids are floating in the cytoplasm before they attach to tRNA to be used during protein synthesis21. Define the following words:Codon- group of 3 nitrogen basesAnticodon- group of 3 noncoding bases found on tRNANucleotide- monomer of a nucleic acid; made of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base22. Describe the mutations below: (deletion, insertion, substitution-missense, substitution-silent, substitution-nonsense)Deletion- loss of one base in a DNA sequenceInsertion- addition of one base in a DNA sequencemissense: one base change that changes the amino acid meaning ex: GGA to GCA is Gly to Alasilent- one base change does not change the amino acids meaning ex: GGA to GGU is Gly, to Glynonsense- one base change make the amino acid a “stop” codon ex: GAA to UAA is Glu to Stop26066751638300023. Label the following structures on the diagram:mRNA 1tRNA 5codon –any set of 3 basesamino acid 3ribosome 2polypeptide (protein) 4Multiple choice:24. DNA replication results ina. 2 completely new DNA molecules2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original2 old DNA molecules1 new molecule of RNA25. What are the units that form a DNA molecule?A. amino acids b. nucleotides c. nitrogen bases26. Which is used in DNA replication AND in protein synthesis?A. DNAb.tRNAc. mRNA27. Which mutation is being illustrated below?Normal: GUG-UGA-CGC-UGU-CCA Mutated:GGG-UGA-CGC-UGU-CCASubstitutionb. insertionc. deletion28. In the sequence TAC GGA, what do the letters represent? A. amino acids b. nitrogenous basesc.sugars29. Describe what happens at each stage of the diagramDNA will unwindmRNA is made from the DNA template in the nucleusDNA helix zips back up; mRNA leaves the nucleustRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to pair with mRNA codons to make a complete protein 30. Label #2, #3, and #4 on the diagram2=sugar3=phosphate4=nucleotide72771045078650072771045078650031. Describe what is happening in each stage of the diagram:transcription=mRNA made from DNA template Translation= mRNA codons pair with tRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein32. Which of the following shows a mutation that will not change the nature of the protein that is made (so it will function normally)? UCC to GAC c. GAA to GAG- still Glu GAG to UAG d. GAG to CAG ................
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