Outdoor Hazards in Wisconsin (G3564)
G3564
Outdoor Hazards in Wisconsin
A Guide to Insects, Plants, and Wildlife
Scott R. Craven Phillip J. Pellitteri Mark J. Renz
Contents
Introduction
WILDLIFE
Amphibians
Salamanders Toads
Reptiles
Turtles Snakes
Birds
Defending territory Handling birds
1 Blood-feeding insects
18
2
Mosquitoes
18
Deerflies and horseflies
20
3
Blackflies
20
3
Biting midges
21
4
Ticks
21
4
Chiggers
22
5 PLANTS
23
5 Plants that are poisonous
8 when ingested
24
8
Poison hemlock
25
8
Spotted water hemlock
25
Mammals
Short-tailed shrews Bats
9
Bittersweet nightshade
26
9
Black nightshade
26
10
Jimsonweed
27
Skunks Porcupines Coyotes Gray wolves Deer Black bears
10 Plants that are poisonous
11 on contact
28
12
Poison ivy
28
12
Poison sumac
29
13
Wild parsnip
30
14
Stinging nettle
31
INSECTS & other invertebrates
Stinging insects
Bees and wasps
Plants that cause hay fever 31
15
Common ragweed
32
16
Giant ragweed
32
16
Thorny, barbed plants
33
Bull thistle
33
Beggarticks
34
References to products in this publication are for your convenience
Burdock
34
and are not an endorsement of
Cocklebur
35
one product over similar products.
Sandbur
36
Wisconsin's bountiful natural resources--clear lakes and rivers, forests, rolling hills, and interesting landforms--make the state an ideal place for outdoor recreation. When you hike, camp, hunt, fish, or enjoy other outdoor activities, you may encounter animals, insects, or plants that are capable of causing problems. While wild animals, swarms of biting insects, and poisonous plants do exist in Wisconsin, the risk of meeting them is actually quite low. In most cases, you can avoid these natural hazards altogether or handle them with little difficulty. Using common sense and having a healthy respect for Wisconsin's wild creatures and plants will go a long way toward maximizing your enjoyment of the outdoors. This guide will help you recognize, avoid, and handle potential problems caused by wildlife, insects, or plants.
1
Wildlife
2
Wisconsin's wildlife includes more than 500 species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Millions of dollars and hours are spent hunting, observing, studying, and photographing these animals. The vast majority of the species are absolutely harmless. Some, however, can inflict physical damage or, at the very least, cause a bit of a fright!
Amphibians
All amphibians found in Wisconsin-- frogs, salamanders, and toads--are nonvenomous and harmless. In fact, frogs and salamanders make excellent subjects for children to observe and study. These creatures have no claws and do not bite. If you collect them for study, please return them quickly to the site from which they came. Be familiar with Wisconsin regulations about captive wildlife. Do not collect endangered or threatened species for any reason!
Frog
Spotted salamander
Salamanders
Most of Wisconsin's salamanders are small, though some, such as the tiger or spotted varieties (Ambystoma sp.), may grow to 10 or 12 inches in length.You won't often see a solitary salamander since these reclusive creatures seldom come into the open. But when environmental conditions are right, you may encounter large numbers of them. For example, a warm early-spring rain may trigger a mass movement of tiger or spotted salamanders from their woodland homes to ponds used as breeding sites. (Water is an essential part of the amphibian life cycle.) When these migrations occur, salamanders may
literally fill window wells, cover roadways, or otherwise create the general impression of an invasion.
These animals are harmless and should be removed from natural traps and sent on their way. There is no harm in handling them except for the possibility of transferring their slimy skin secretions into your eyes, which may cause annoying--but not dangerous--eye irritation.
3
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