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-236220-838835How to Create an Annotated OutlineThe purpose of this assignment is to have you become familiar with the annotated outline format. Another purpose is to have you engage in research to determine how to create an annotated outline and use that information in the preparation of the assignment. Numerous examples of an annotated outline are available through an internet search or utilizing the resources of the University of Phoenix Library.The annotated outline format is frequently used in academic settings, especially in the completion of research papers. If you go on to complete a graduate degree in which a thesis or dissertation is required, an annotated outline will be used to submit the research proposal to the thesis or dissertation committee. The outline helps frame the research, narrowing the focus and insuring that all the pertinent information is covered. The annotated outline often serves as the checklist for the final paper.The outline will usually consist of three to five main headings. These should be the points of discussion and will serve as the points to be researched. In the current setting, the outline will consist primarily of the elements of the assignment. Again, this helps the outline serve as a checklist to insure that all questions for the assignment are answered.For the outline itself, each of the headings will be numbered. Using APA format the main headings will be numbered using Roman numerals. All subheadings will follow from there using the A, B, C, etc., format. Any detail under each of the subheadings will be numbered with cardinal numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.).The subheadings will include a brief paragraph about each heading. If there is only one paragraph there is no requirement to use any notation (A, B, C, etc.). The paragraph is designed to present a brief discussion explaining the heading. If the outline is used to describe a later research paper, the outline will describe what each section of the paper will discuss and provide a summary of what the paper is about.All references used in the preparation of the outline must be listed on the reference page which follows the outline itself, a process similar to what is done when completing a paper as an assignment.Example:IntroductionThis outline will provide an overview of both the jail and prison systems within the American Criminal Justice System’s correctional component.History of American Jails The influence of the English, French and Dutch can be seen in the initial approach used by the American colonies with respect to jails, with the English influence dominating.As with English jails, jails in the American colonies were used primarily to hold prisoners awaiting trial. Some jails had workhouses as part of the facility and those debtors who could not pay their debts were held and worked until the debt was paid. Following the American Revolution, jails continued to be used primarily to hold prisoners awaiting trial. In some cases, the jail was also used to house the mentally ill if the families were unable to provide the necessary care. In the early years, jails were often used to provide food and shelter to the poor. However, over the generations this social use of jails has fallen into disfavor and jails no longer serve as shelters for the poor unless they have committed an offense and are awaiting trial.Importance of Contemporary JailsIn our current corrections system, jails serve an important function. They are used today to house those individuals awaiting trial and for whom no bond has been set. Jails are also used to help alleviate overcrowding in the prison system by providing designations for those sentenced offenders who are serving a sentence of a year or less. As such, jails serve as an important component within the corrections system of the country.History of State and Federal Prisons State prisons grew as the country grew. Each state developed its own correctional system comprised of prisons. The early state prisons were modeled after either the Pennsylvania approach (separate and silent) or the New York approach (congregate and silent).The Pennsylvania Model was based upon the approach by the Quakers of Pennsylvania who believed that keeping the inmates completely separate would insure their rehabilitation. Inmates were required to spend the vast majority of their time in their single cells, praying, contemplating, reading the Bible, and perhaps working. The approach was based upon the assumption that if an inmate were penitent he would take responsibility for his conduct and choose to correct his criminal behavior. On occasion inmates were permitted to work but did so in their cells. Silence was strictly enforced.The New York model found that the costs associated with building bigger and bigger prisons to house inmates in single cells was prohibitive. The model suggested building prisons which allowed inmates to congregate in a common area to eat or work, before retiring to their single cells for the night. The income generated by the work supported the continued single cell approach.Studies done on the impact of complete isolation found that segregating inmates for indefinite periods of time could lead to mental illness. The New York model was modified to permit more interaction between the inmates. However, silence was strictly enforced, often through corporal punishment.Factors influencing the growth of prisons and prison populations Federal prisons grew as the number of federal prisoners increased. The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) was established in 1930 and was designed to manage all the activities associated with federal prisons and inmates. The BOP has jurisdiction over all federal inmates, whether they are housed in a federal facility or housed in a contract facility with one of the states.The growth in both the state and federal prisons and inmates has resulted from a law enforcement approach which seeks to fully enforce the laws.Federal prisons and inmates have grown because of the federalization of many criminal acts once under the jurisdiction of the states.State prison populations have grown because of the community’s emphasis on curbing criminal behavior.Both the federal and state inmate populations have grown as a result of mandatory minimum sentencing schemes, longer sentences for certain types of crimes, and the career offender (federal) or three strikes laws (state) which seek to isolate certain offenders from the community.Security ClassificationsThe security classifications for both the state and federal prisons are very similar. The standards for each classification are virtually the same but they may go by slightly different labels.The “supermax” is the most secure facility. It is designed to hold the worst of the worst. At the federal level, this facility is designed as ADX Florence, in Florence, Colorado. It holds several significant high profile offenders (Timothy McVeigh, Terry Nichols, Robert Hansen) but the majority of the inmate populace is comprised of inmates who are too violent for the other BOP facilities. Such inmates have a significant history of violence while in custody and may have a history of escape attempts. The security at supermax facilities is designed to tightly control the inmates’ movements within the facility and to maintain full control over who has access to and from the facility.High security facilities are designed to hold violent offenders. As in the supermax facility, the inmates’ movements within the facility are tightly controlled. Access to and from the facility is monitored carefully.Medium security facilities are designed to hold non-violent offenders serving significant terms of imprisonment. Some violent offenders are housed in such facilities because of a demonstrated history of complying with the rules and regulations of the prison. As with the supermax and high security facility, access to and from the facility is monitored closely. Inmates’ movements within the facility are closely monitored but not as strictly controlled as within the supermax and high security facilities.Low or minimum secure facilities are used to house inmates who have demonstrated that maximum control over their conduct and movements is not necessary. These facilities are often used to house first time non-violent and white collar offenders. Security around the facility is minimal but access over those entering and leaving the facility is still monitored.ConclusionThe history of the American prison and jail system shows its growth from out of and the influence of the British, French, and Dutch. The system has evolved into one which addresses the needs and concerns unique to the American Criminal Justice System. The future of the system remains to be seen, but recent developments suggest that advanced technology and new research into penology will influence how jails and prisons are staffed, constructed, and utilized. ................
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