4egyteachers



THE POWER

OF NATURE

|Reading | Unusual Weather |(((((( |

For most people, the word weather means the

sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern

Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures

are higher and there is less rain than if you live

in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual

for a weather forecast to surprise us.

However, strange weather can occur all over

the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts call these balls ball lightning.

Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain killed more than 8,000 people in 1703. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people.

Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods

in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers

like the River Thames in England froze. What will happen to our weather in the future? No one knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather may not be unusual any more..

| | | | | |

|Reading |LISTENING (TG) |

|ثلج |Snow |بشكل دائم- باستمرار |Permanently(adv) |

|جنوبي |Southern |دائم – مستمر |Permanent (adj.) |

|درجة حرارة |Temperature |أثناء – خلال |During |

|شمالي |Northern |كسوف الشمس |Solar eclipse |

|يقع – يحدث |Occur |---- القمر |Lunar eclipse |

|عملاق – هائل |Giant |يحدث |Happen = take place |

|قطعه |Piece |صحيح |Right |

|كرة البرق |A ball of light |بكل تأكيد |Definitely |

|كرة البرق |Ball lightning |تماما |Exactly |

|عاصفة |Storm |غازات |Gases |

|عوامة - يعوم |Float |درجه( لقياس درجة الحرارة) |degree |

|مدينه انجليزية |Dunwich |مئويةCelsius = |Centigrade |

|قرن |Century |بشكل لا يصدق |Incredibly (adv) |

|موجات عاليه |High waves |يخرج – يطلق |Give out |

|قوي – عنيف |Violent |اشعة اكس |x-rays |

|قوه – عنف |Violence |يضر – يؤذي |Harm |

|يصدم |Hit |مضر- ضار |Harmful to |

|يختفي |Disappear |يمتص |Absorb |

|يظهر |Appear |يحذر |Warn about |

|أسفل |Beneath |تلف – يتلف |Damage |

|فيضان/يغمر- يفيض |Flood (n) (v) |البصر- رؤية |Sight (n, v) |

|جفاف |Drought |يتنهد / تنهيده |Sigh |

|ظاهره/واقعة نادرة |Phenomenon |يرتدي |Wear – wore - worn |

|More Vocabulary related to the rest of the exercises |

|النشرة الجوية |Weather forecast |بالتفصيل |in detail |

|شريك |Partner |شرح |explanation |

|يثور |Erupt |عين مياه ساخنة |geyser |

|نظاره |glasses |بركان / بركاني |volcano/volcanic(adj.) |

|هذه الليلة |Tonight |عاصفة كهربائية |electrical storm |

|يظلم |Go dark |يؤثر علي |affect (v) |

|كوكب |Planet |يرتدي |wear- wore – worn |

|ليله صافيه |Clear night |أشعه فوق البنفسجية |ultraviolet rays |

|علم الاقتصاد |Economics |يعتمد علي |depend on |

|بالقرب |Nearby |مسافة |distance |

|شائع |Common |سطح |surface |

|اتجاه |Direction |الغلاف الجوي |atmosphere |

|قاس |Cruel |يمتص |Absorb= take in |

|نظارة شمسية |Sunglasses |درجة حرارة عالية |High temperature |

|عاصفة قوية |Violent storm |اقتصاد |economy |

Choose the correct answer:

1- My brother went on holiday to Aswan. Now he's decided to live there (annually – permanently – perfectly – strangely).

2- The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the (geyser - gear – grease – goose)

3- If it rains so hard that the soil cannot (include – consist – absorb - develop) water quickly enough, there are floods.

4- When there is a/an (tips – eclipse – lips - drips), of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing.

5- You cannot see ultraviolet (pays – trays - rays – lays), but they can still damage your skin.

6- She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her (sight – hearing – feeling - head).

7- Scientists are not sure what causes volcanoes to (adapt – adopt – erupt - corrupt).

8- Greece and Spain are in (south – southern – southerly – the south) Europe.

9- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural (phenomenon – photocopy – photocell - phobia).

10- Storms can (behave – favour – disturb - occur) at any time and in any place.

11- It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest (doubt – draught – drought - drift) anyone can remember.

12- When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes so that I could not see the (tightening – sighting – lighting - lightning).

13- Alexandria is in the (north – northern – northerly - westerly) of Egypt.

14- Electrical storms are a common (assurance – clearance – occurrence - disappearance) in our part of the country.

15- These trees have grown (centrally – phenomenally – classically - critically) tall in the last two years.

16- Where we live, the wind usually blows in a (southerly – south – west - east) direction.

17- Very (wide – broad - high – big) temperatures can make people ill.

18- The city was destroyed by high waves and (cruel – violent – unkind – aggressive) storms.

19- Storms can cause (curious - serious – strong - high) damage.

20- (Important – Strong – Heavy - Rich) rain and strong winds destroyed buildings all over the country.

21- Denmark is in (north – northern – northerly) Europe.

22- To (cause – reason – occur – take place) means to make something happen.

23- A (fright – bright – delight - drought) is a long period of no rain.

24- (Lighting – Lightning – Shining - Beaming) is the light you see during an electrical storm.

25- A (phrase – phase – phenomenon - praise) is something unusual that happens.

26- (Northern – Southern – Western - Eastern) means in or from the north part of a country or area.

27- (Fight – Night – Light - Sight) is the ability to see.

28- A (geyser – pond – lake - ocean) is a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise.

29- (Ultrasonic - Ultraviolet – extra violet – violet)rays means light which can make people's skin go darker.

30- A/An(storm – drought – darkness - Eclipse) occurs when the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other and the Earth.

31- The earthquake (resulted – caused – prevented - avoided) millions of people to abandon their homes.

32- Sugar (occurs – happens – takes place – finds) naturally in fruit.

33- Why on (the earth – the ground – floor – earth) are you shouting at me?

34- They drove their car in an easterly (direction – deduction – production – connection).

35- The ultraviolet rays cause the skin to (bring – come – go - lose) darker.

36- The two boys have been seen (heading – headed – to head - heads) for the beach.

37- He began to lose his (sight – sights – nights – fights) six years ago.

38- I (put on – wear - dress – put off) the kids before I go to work.

39- Central Africa is suffering one of the worst (droughts – days – weeks – months) of the century. There is almost no rain there.

40- The very cold weather caused the river (frozen – freezing - to freeze - freezes)

41- I (do – am doing – have done – had done) believe in hard work as the only road to success.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

42- Droughts and heavy rainfall are not a modern phenomena

43- The river floated and killed thousands of people.

44- Strange weather can occurrence all over the world.

45- The city disappeared above the sea.

46- The most windy place in the world is Port Martin in Antarctica.

47- The wind was so strong that it lifted people on their feet.

48- Storm eaters are people who find and follow storms.

49- Extremely weather conditions affect people badly.

50- Why on land did you leave the gate open?

51- Some African countries are suffering from starvation and draught.

52- His illness caused him missing the meeting.

53- When there is heavy rain, the earth cannot disturb all the water.

54- If your site is poor, you should not drive a car.

55- On Wednesday, there will be a partial clips of the sun.

56- The play had excellent lightning effects.

GRAMMAR

IF :2-3

2 – Second conditional : IFالحالة الثانية لـــ

If ( ماضي بسيط ( would/might/could + مصدر

تعبر الحالة الثانية عن حدث مفترض أو مستحيل في الحاضر:

(If he came earlier, he wouldn't be punished.

وكذلك إعطاء النصائح :

(If I were you, I'd listen to the weather forecast before going for a picnic.

ملا حظات على الحالة الثانية :

1 – تستخدم were بدل was في الجمل المستحيلة :

( I would go to the beach if it were summer.

2 – و يمكن استخدام (Should ) بدلا من (If) :

(If he arrived early , he would meet us.

(Should ) فاعل + مصدر ----------

(Should he arrive early, he would meet us.

3 – يمكن استخدام (were) بدلا من (If) بشكلين :

( – إذا كانت موجودة في الجملة نحذف (if) ونبدأ (Were----)

(If I were a doctor, I would save him.

(Were I a doctor , I would save him.

( – إذا لم تكن موجودة في الجملة نتبع الشكل الآتي :

Were + فاعل + to + مصدر -------, --- would inf. ----- .

(If he studied hard, he would get high marks.

(Were he to study hard, he would get high marks.

4 – يمكن استخدام (Had) بدلا من (If) كالاتى :

Had + فاعل ---------, ---- would inf.----.

(If I had time , I would help you. = Had I time , I would help you.

5 – لا حظ معنى الحالة الثانية :

(He plays well so he wins the race.

= If he didn't play well, he wouldn't win the race. = Unless he played…….

2 – THIRD conditional : IFالحالة الثالثة لـــ

If (ماضي تام , would have + p . p

في الحالة الثالثة نتخيل شئ لم يحدث في الماضي:

1(If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have arrived late yesterday.

2( If you hadn't phoned, I wouldn't have known you were back from your holiday.

3( If I had not gone to that school, I would not have met you.

4(If it had continued raining, the town would have flooded.

= (But it did not continue raining and the town did not flood.)

5(If he had been taller, he would have been a basketball player.

= (But he is/was not taller and he did not become a basketball player.)

ملا حظات الحالة الثالثة :

1 – يمكن استخدام (Had) بدلا من (If) في الحالة الثالثة كالآتي :

Had + فاعل + p . p ----, ----would have p.p. ---

(If he had invited me, I would have attended his party.

(= Had he invited me, I would have attended his party.

ملا حظات عامة وهامة :

1 – الكلمات الآتية تساوي ) - (Ifو بدون أي تغييرات :

If = as long as = in case = provided (that) = providing=only if + جملة كاملة

( If you boil water, it turns into steam

= In case you boil water, it turns into steam.

2-والأدوات الآتية تحل محل if مع بعض التغييرات:

In case of / in the event of : + N or V+ ing: = If + جمله كامله

( If she studies hard, she will succeed.

= In case of studying hard, she will succeed.

و في نفس الحالات و أساليب الشرط : Unless = If …not : - لاحظ 3

(Unless he plays well , he will lose.

= If he doesn't play well, he will lose.

=you will lose except if you play well.

إذا لم Unless = If + النفي = except if ------

(If she hadn't had money, she wouldn't have bought a new car.

= Unless she had had money, she wouldn't have bought a new car.

(Unless you came = If you didn't come ……………………………….

(Unless you were here = Unless you weren't here ……………

----------

4 – الكلمات الآتية تحل محل ( (unlessأو If .. not ) ) ولكن يتبعها اسم أو (v + ing) :

Without /But for/If it weren't for / If it hadn't been for +V. ing (اسم )

1-Unless they arrived early, they would miss this train.

= But for arriving early, they would miss this train. حالة 2

2-Unless he had helped me , I wouldn't have finished the project yesterday.

=If it hadn't been for his help,I wouldn't have finished the project yesterday.

= Without his help, I wouldn't have finished the project yesterday.حالة 3

Common errors

1- If you walked all the way , it would take about three hours.(

- If you walked all the way, it will take about three hours. (

2-If it had continued raining, the town would have flooded.(

-If it would have continued raining, the town would have flooded. (

3-If I had gone to England , I would have met my pen friend.(

- If I went to England , I would have met my pen friend.(

in case , providing , provided that , as long as , only if

و دي جمل لذيذة من – SB.

1- If it is very hot tomorrow, we won’t go to the beach.

2- People who live near volcanoes leave home if they erupt .

3- Is it OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses?

4- I would go to the moon if I were asked.

5- If it hadn’t rained so heavily, we wouldn’t have had floods.

6- If the storm had reached the city, houses and shops would have been destroyed .

Language Functions:

|Asking for an explanation |Giving an explanation |

|Can you explain why…? |Let me explain. |

|Do you know how…? |I'll try and explain. |

|I'd like to know how…? |Here's what happens. |

|How on earth…? |What happens is that.. |

|Could you tell me how/why…? |I'll explain that to you. |

Study the following:

1-A: How on earth do floods occur so quickly?

B: Here's what happens. If a lot of rain falls in a short time, the soil can't absorb it all and the water stays on the surface of the land.

2-A: Can you explain why cities sometimes flood?

B: I'll try and explain. It's usually when there's a river in or near the city. Water runs off the land into the river and the river becomes too full. The water then runs into the city.

EXERCISES :

Choose the correct answer:

1- (Unless – If – Without – But for) I had gone to England, I would have met my pen friend.

2- (If – Unless – In case of – Without) we didn't get heat and light from the sun, there would be no life on Earth.

3- If you (take – took – had taken – takes) the temperature at the sun's centre, you'd find it was 15 million degrees.

4- If you look at the sun, you (would – will – would have – might have) damage your sight.

5- (Would it be – Could it be – Is it – Was it) OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses?

6- If he hadn't looked at the sun, he (won't have – will have – wouldn't have – would have) damaged his sight.

7- If it hadn't rained so heavily, we (would have – have – have had – wouldn't have had) floods.

8- I would go to the moon if I (am asked – were asked – have been asked – had been asked).

9- If it (is – were – had been – was) very hot tomorrow, we will not go to the beach.

10- People who live near volcanoes leave home if they (erupted – had erupted – would erupt – erupt).

11- If I were you, I (shall – would – can – may) listen to the weather forecast before deciding where to go tomorrow.

12- If the storm had reached the city, houses and shops (would have destroyed – would be destroyed – would have been destroyed – will be destroyed).

13- What (happens – would happen – would have happened – will happen) if a huge storm hit the coast of Egypt?

14- If there (had been – were – are – have been) clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon.

15- If it had been an eclipse, the sky (would have gone – will go – might go – should go) dark.

16- If I (had discovered – discovered – discover – have discovered) a planet, I would give it my aunt's name.

17- (Unless – Without – If – In case of) there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would definitely watch it.

18- (Were – If – In case of – Unless) you watch the sky on a clear night, you can see stars and planets.

19- If you wear a hat, your face (won't get – wouldn't get – wouldn't have got – should have got) burnt.

20- It is better for your eyes (without – in case of – were – if) you wear glasses.

21- (If – Unless – Should – Had) you hadn't spent so long in the sun, you wouldn't have got burnt.

22- If it's warm and sunny tomorrow, I (go – might go – would have gone – will go) swimming.

23- What (will happen – would happen – might have happened – happened) if the volcano erupted?

24- What would have happened if there (was – were – have been – had been) a flood here?

25- If the storm (reach – reached – had reached – reaches) our area, trees will be blown down and houses will be damaged.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

26- If the volcano erupted yesterday, most people would have left their homes.

27- In case of the flood had been here, houses would have been damaged.

28- If I haven't taken those photos, I wouldn't have remembered our holiday.

29- I'll call you if I needed any help.

30- If there hadn't been a doctor on the train yesterday, the man would die.

31- If his father hadn't help him, his business will fail.

32- Unless she had been absent from school last week, she will understand the lesson.

33- If she were honest, she will do her job well.

34- If he were a lawyer, he helps me.

35- Had he seen the signal, he wouldn't make that accident.

36- If you heat ice, it would turn to water.

37- If you didn't like this shirt, I'll bring you another.

38- Unless I had had a quiet room, I won't be able to do any work.

39- In case of I find your passport, I'll telephone you at once.

40- If I realize it was such a long way, I would have taken a taxi.

General Exercise on Unit 9

A- Language Functions

1- Respond to the following situations:

1- Someone says that reading books is a waste of time. Disagree, giving a reason.

2- A friend asks you what you think about the last football World Cup matches.

3- Someone asks you where your friend Ali is. You are almost certain he is on holiday.

4- A friend suggests that you go on a picnic together. Suggest something else.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:

1- A: How often should I water this plant?

B: This is a house plant. It should be watered every

2 weeks.

A: How much is it?

B: Twenty pounds.

2- A: Drop me off here, please. How much do you want?

3- B: It's seven pounds on the meter.

4- A: Here you are.

B- Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer:

If you (walk – are walking – walked – had walked) all the way, it would take about 3 hours.

I would go to the beach if it (is – had been – is being – were) summer.

I (watch – would watch – would have watched – watched) the football match if they showed it on TV.

If I (were – had been – am – were being) you, I'd listen to the weather forecast before going for a picnic.

If you had not phoned, I (won't know – wouldn't know – wouldn't have known) you were back from your holiday.

If I (don't go – hadn't gone – didn't go – hasn't gone) to that school, I wouldn't have met you.

If it had continued raining, the town (would have flooded – would flood – will flood – might flood).

If he (is – were – had been – was) taller, he would have been a basketball player.

It should be snowing now according to the (climate – weather – air – atmosphere) forecast.

Some storms are very unusual and may (result – reason – cause – find) terrible damage.

The report (forecasts – casts – coasts – costs) that prices will rise by 3% next month.

A violent storm (fit – hit – met – set) the area and destroyed some houses.

There has been below average (rainbow – raincoat – rainforest – rainfall) this month.

The sea flooded and killed (round – above – around – beneath) 2000 people.

Unusual weather is becoming more common with very (high – wide – strong – big) or low temperatures.

The worst flood in (geography – history – chemistry – biology) occurred in China in 1887.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

If she had listened to my directions last night, she wouldn't turn down the wrong street.

In case of I had a degree, I could get a job easily.

If she is late, we are going without her.

When exactly did the accident concur?

If the draught continues, there is going to be a famine.

There was a violent storm with thunder and lighting.[pic]

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Place : ------------------

Speaker A: ---------------

Speaker B : ---------------

Function : ---------------

Place : ------------------

Speaker A: ---------------

Speaker B : ---------------

Function : ---------------

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