Writing/Grammar/Usage



Grammar/Usage Universe

Nouns

1. o regular K

2. o irregular (child, man, woman, mouse, goose, fish, sheep, deer) 2

3. o compound nouns (trade-unions, brothers-in-law) 1 , 4 (hyphenated)

4. o singular and plural of foreign nouns (alumna, alumnae; hypothesis, hypotheses) 9

5. o letters, signs, symbols, figures & abbreviations (ABCs, 30s) 2

1. • Sentence Structures

1. 1. Simple 1, 3, 5

2. 2. Compound 4, 5, 6

3. 3. Complex 7, 8

4. 4. Compound/complex 7, 8, 9

3. • Types of Sentences

1. 1. declarative 1

2. 2. interrogative 2

3. 3. exclamatory 2

4. 4. imperative 2

5. • Parts of Sentences

1. 1. Subject

2. o Simple 3

3. o Compound 4

4. 2. predicate

5. o simple 3

6. o compound 4

7. • Subject/Verb Agreement

1. o Singular 3

2. o Plural 3

8. Compound

1. o connected by and (She and I are members of the committee.) 4, 6

2. o connected by or or nor 6

3. o singular subjects or plural subjects connected by “or” or “nor”(Either the secretary or the treasurer is present at every meeting.) 7

4. o subjects differing in number (John or his friends are bringing the pizza.) 6

5. o when noun or prepositional phrase is placed between subject and verb (The list

6. of addresses was prepared by the secretary.) 7

7. o when phrases or clauses are placed between the noun and verb (The problem of

8. building more schools, in addition to paying teachers' salaries for them, was

9. discussed by the board.) 7, 8

10. o when the verb precedes the subject (In this catalog are the requirements for

11. admission, the courses, and the fees.) 7

12. o collective nouns 7

10. • Parts of Speech

1. 1. Nouns

2. o common and proper K, 1

3. o possessive 3, 4

1. 2. Adjectives

o descriptive including which one, what kind, how many 2

o regular positive, comparative, superlative (short. shorter, shortest) 2

o irregular comparative and superlative (good, better, best) 4, 5

5. o following linking verbs and sense verbs (feel, look, smell, sound, taste, etc.) and

6. other verbs (appear, be, become, seem) 7

o article usage (difference between a and an) 2

o this and that, these and those 1, 2

1. 3. Pronoun

2. o Personal 2

3. o Nominative Case (it, you, he, she, it, we, they, you) 2, 4, 7

4. o subject (I shall finish the report on Tuesday)

• pronouns used in compound subjects (Mary and I will complete the project)

2, 4, 5, 7

• predicate complement (I think it was they who called) 7

• in apposition with the subject of the verb (Several delegates, he among them,

will state their opposition at the meeting.) 7

• complement to the infinitive (The speakers are to be they who are running for

election.) 9

• pronouns following as or than (Jennifer is more competent than I) 10

5. o Pronoun Reference (Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement)

6. o Gender 4, 10

7. o Number 4, 10

1. o Objective Case (me, you, her, him, it, us, them)

2. o object of a verb (The supervisor trusted her to make out the payroll.) 4, 6, 7

3. o indirect object of a verb (Last year the company gave him a bonus.) 6, 7

4. o compound object of a verb (The teacher gave Marge and me an extra

5. assignment.) 7, 10

6. o subject of infinitive (The committee invited him and me to be present.) 10

7. o object of infinitive (The chairman asked me to invite him to the conference.) 9,

8. 10

9. o complement of infinitive (The manager took her to be me.) 10

10. o object of a preposition (No orders were received from them this week.) 6, 7

11. o Possessive Case (my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs)

12. o denote possession (This property is his.) 5

13. o pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,

14. themselves) 5

15. o for emphasis (He himself will pay the damages.)

16. • reflexive (They will hurt themselves by such actions.) 7

1. o Relative Pronouns (who, that, which, what)

2. • Objective Case: (Whom shall we choose as our representative?) 7, 9, 10

• Nominative Case: (Who is that behind the door?) 7, 9, 10

1. o Interrogative Pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, what) 7

16.

1. o Indefinite Pronouns with emphasis on subject-verb agreement (all, any, both, each,

2. either, everybody, none, several, some, someone) 7, 9, 10, 11

1. 4. Verbs

2. o Verb phrases: helping/auxiliary verbs 2, 3, 4

3. o active and passive voice (for revising purposes) 7, 9, 10

4. o tense

5. o present (I am glad to accept your offer) 1, 4

6. o past (He didn't find the book.) 1, 4

7. o future (She will be a successful doctor.) 1, 4

8. o present perfect (He hasn't found the book yet.) 7

9. o past perfect (He hadn't found the book when the librarian asked for it.) 7

10. o future perfect (He will have realized that his decision was a mistake.) 7

1. o usage of shall and will 7

1. o usage of should and would 7

1. o subjunctive mood (I wish I were in Europe.) 10

1. 5. Verbals

2. • Infinitives 7, 9

3. • Gerunds 9

4. • Participles 9

6. Adverbs

1. o describe verbs (answers how, when, where) 4

2. o describe adjectives - usually answers question how 4

3. o describe other adverbs 4

7. Prepositions (e.g., among, between, at, with, beside, besides; back of, behind, in, into,

etc.) 4, 6, 9

8. Conjunctions

1. o coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or, since, nor, either, neither, yet, so that) 4, 6, 10, 11

2. o correlative conjunctions (either-or, neither-nor, not only, but also, both-and, whereas,

3. therefore, whether-or) 7, 10

4. o "confusing" conjunctions (as, as if that, whether) 11, 12

5. o Do as (not like) the manager suggests.

6. o I feel as if (not feel like) I need a change.

7. o He doesn't see that (not as) he ought to do it.

8. o The reason for his absence was that (not because) he felt ill.

9. o I saw in the paper that (not where) Bill Bank became president.

10. o He told them that (not how) he expected to go to South America.

11. o I don't know whether (not as) I can go.

12. o I shall ask him whether (not if) he will do the work.

13. o She didn't say whether (not if) she has seen the exhibit.

14. o subordinate conjunctions (as, because, inasmuch as, now, that . . .) 7, 8, 11

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