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?184154116705All activities are highlighted in blueWriting structure and guidance is in purpleUseful links to assist learning: can also use class books if available. 00All activities are highlighted in blueWriting structure and guidance is in purpleUseful links to assist learning: can also use class books if available. -442162638712Year 9 History Workbook – Medicine on the Western Front WW100Year 9 History Workbook – Medicine on the Western Front WW1center698500right-59167Lesson 1- Terrain. LO: To revise the terrain and condition of trenches in WW1. 00Lesson 1- Terrain. LO: To revise the terrain and condition of trenches in WW1. right126564This term we will be focusing on revising and cementing our learning from school this year so far. Year 9 focus will be on medicine in the First World War. This is a topic that features in the GCSE history paper and is therefore worth focusing on .For your first lesson you are going to focus on revising and improving your knowledge of the terrain and conditions the soldiers faced. This is vital for understanding the nature of many illness and medical treatments of the war. Most commonly people think of the trenches a horrible muddy and wet places. To a large extent this was the truth. You may remember however that terrain and conditions did vary greatly due to the geographical scale of the war. 00This term we will be focusing on revising and cementing our learning from school this year so far. Year 9 focus will be on medicine in the First World War. This is a topic that features in the GCSE history paper and is therefore worth focusing on .For your first lesson you are going to focus on revising and improving your knowledge of the terrain and conditions the soldiers faced. This is vital for understanding the nature of many illness and medical treatments of the war. Most commonly people think of the trenches a horrible muddy and wet places. To a large extent this was the truth. You may remember however that terrain and conditions did vary greatly due to the geographical scale of the war. 306070262890Task 1. Read through the information below and if possible watch: Use the information to create a mind map on the terrain and conditions of the First World War.The First World War stretched across Europe as well as the rest of the world. Because of this fighting was not only fought in the knee-deep mud we all think of. In certain areas of France for example conditions were very good due to the terrain. The ground was made of hard chalk and this allowed expansive tunnel systems to be dug that were dry, safe and much cleaner than other areas during the war. The western front however did have some appalling terrain for soldiers to live and fight. A number of factors effected terrain. For example, in some areas it was intensive rain that forced soldiers to live in flooded trenches, sometimes up to their knees in water. The war itself also had a direct impact on the terrain. Areas that had seen intensive fighting were often like bogs with the ground churned up and huge craters full of water.Terrain had a massive role on the conditions of the war. Areas that were constantly wet or muddy made the spread of diseases like trench foot spread easily. The terrain also played a role in conflict. Wounded soldiers were much harder to reach and rescue in certain terrains.??00Task 1. Read through the information below and if possible watch: Use the information to create a mind map on the terrain and conditions of the First World War.The First World War stretched across Europe as well as the rest of the world. Because of this fighting was not only fought in the knee-deep mud we all think of. In certain areas of France for example conditions were very good due to the terrain. The ground was made of hard chalk and this allowed expansive tunnel systems to be dug that were dry, safe and much cleaner than other areas during the war. The western front however did have some appalling terrain for soldiers to live and fight. A number of factors effected terrain. For example, in some areas it was intensive rain that forced soldiers to live in flooded trenches, sometimes up to their knees in water. The war itself also had a direct impact on the terrain. Areas that had seen intensive fighting were often like bogs with the ground churned up and huge craters full of water.Terrain had a massive role on the conditions of the war. Areas that were constantly wet or muddy made the spread of diseases like trench foot spread easily. The terrain also played a role in conflict. Wounded soldiers were much harder to reach and rescue in certain terrains.??1672225293909Terrain on the Western Front 00Terrain on the Western Front Task 2: left4442460Source C Diary of a British soldier, 1916 “The Somme has turned into the rottenest place on earth. The relentless shelling and attacks have churned up the ground and created enormous craters and there is mud everywhere. Because of this the conditions we live in are appalling. We have endless rats and lice bringing illness. Wounds are hopeless to keep clean as we are surrounded by nothing but mud.”00Source C Diary of a British soldier, 1916 “The Somme has turned into the rottenest place on earth. The relentless shelling and attacks have churned up the ground and created enormous craters and there is mud everywhere. Because of this the conditions we live in are appalling. We have endless rats and lice bringing illness. Wounds are hopeless to keep clean as we are surrounded by nothing but mud.”right2870500Source B Extract of a British Officer’s diary, 1917 “The efforts of our soldiers should not be questioned for they do everything they are asked. It was the rain that has made Ypres so awful. The rain floods into our trenches keeping us constantly wet and miserable. Trench foot flourishes because of this. What’s more moving and fighting in this type of terrain is so difficult. Men and artillery get bogged down and trapped the rain has the ground become like a bog. Some poor souls even drown to death in the mud...”00Source B Extract of a British Officer’s diary, 1917 “The efforts of our soldiers should not be questioned for they do everything they are asked. It was the rain that has made Ypres so awful. The rain floods into our trenches keeping us constantly wet and miserable. Trench foot flourishes because of this. What’s more moving and fighting in this type of terrain is so difficult. Men and artillery get bogged down and trapped the rain has the ground become like a bog. Some poor souls even drown to death in the mud...”right989965Source A: Extract from BBC News article, 2008. The article is about the discovery of a British hospital from WW1 in Aras.A tunnel carved into the chalk led to a British World War I field hospital has been discovered Aras, France. It had lain undiscovered since it was abandoned in 1917. A network of caves was built to take in 700 casualties and was just 800 metres from the German frontline. A local historian commented that, “the hard chalk in Aras was ideal for the soldiers. It meant they could mine into the ground and establish networks of tunnels. By the end of the ear these tunnels had water and electricity.”020000Source A: Extract from BBC News article, 2008. The article is about the discovery of a British hospital from WW1 in Aras.A tunnel carved into the chalk led to a British World War I field hospital has been discovered Aras, France. It had lain undiscovered since it was abandoned in 1917. A network of caves was built to take in 700 casualties and was just 800 metres from the German frontline. A local historian commented that, “the hard chalk in Aras was ideal for the soldiers. It meant they could mine into the ground and establish networks of tunnels. By the end of the ear these tunnels had water and electricity.”Read through the following primary sources on the three regions we are focussing on during the war. Fill in the table on the next page on the terrain and its role in illnesses during world war one.Source and location Describe the terrain in no more than 50 words. Did the terrain have a positive or negative effect? Explain why you think this.A – Arras, FranceTask 3. Read through the description and tick which area it is discussing. 0564769000ArrasSommeYpres Rainwater flooded the trenches here.Chalky soil made this area much dryer than other areas of the war.This area had been turned into a bog with larger craters full of water.An underground hospital was built here thanks to the terrain.The area was so flooded that trench foot flourished here and many soldiers even drowned in the mud.Conditions were appalling here and the soldiers often had to live with rats and lice.Final Task: Describe two of the areas you have learnt about. Explain how the terrain impacted soldiers’ conditions.-250190361950One type of terrain was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This impacted conditions for soldiers because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Another type of terrain was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This impacted conditions for soldiers because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00One type of terrain was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This impacted conditions for soldiers because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Another type of terrain was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This impacted conditions for soldiers because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-114300-203200Lesson 2- Wounds of WW1. LO: To revise the main types of wounds of WW1 and what caused them.00Lesson 2- Wounds of WW1. LO: To revise the main types of wounds of WW1 and what caused them.-93980344170This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of wounds that soldiers suffered in the First World War. The First World resulted in a number of new weapons being invented. This alongside the terrain and conditions on the front line meant there were a number of different types of wounds and illnesses that soldiers suffered from. Soldiers faced new deadly threats such as gas attacks and huge artillery bombardments. We are going to focus primarily on gas attacks, bullet wounds and artillery strikes. These all caused some of the deadliest injuries of the war.00This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of wounds that soldiers suffered in the First World War. The First World resulted in a number of new weapons being invented. This alongside the terrain and conditions on the front line meant there were a number of different types of wounds and illnesses that soldiers suffered from. Soldiers faced new deadly threats such as gas attacks and huge artillery bombardments. We are going to focus primarily on gas attacks, bullet wounds and artillery strikes. These all caused some of the deadliest injuries of the war.-2512195459Task 1. List as my types of wounds that you can remember from last term.Task 2. Using the information below fill in the table to show what the most common wounds were a soldier would suffer on each part of his body. 00Task 1. List as my types of wounds that you can remember from last term.Task 2. Using the information below fill in the table to show what the most common wounds were a soldier would suffer on each part of his body. Gas Attacks: Deadly gas was first used in 1915 during the battle of Ypres. Both sides quickly realised the potential of gas attacks for dealing with a large number of enemy soldiers quickly. A number of gases were developed during the war aimed at either stopping soldiers from fighting or killing them. Gas attacks could be deadly chlorine gas for example attacks the lungs and would choke soldiers to death. Likewise, these gases often burnt exposed body part such as the face, severe damage to eyes and even blindness were common results of using gas in battles. Historians has estimated that gas attacks caused around 90,000 injuries.Bullet wounds: New guns were invented during the first world war. They were more powerful, accurate and quicker than any gun used in war before. One of the most notable examples would be the machine gun which could kill groups of soldiers quickly, bullets would often pierce internal organs found around the chest. Likewise, the power of these guns meant that arms and legs could easily be broken if hit. One of the most common causes of death in WW1 was blood loss caused by a broken femur, the longest bone in the leg. Being shot in the head was almost always fatal, even after the helmet was made mandatory equipment in 1915.Artillery strikes:In an effort to destroy enemy trenches and defences both sides of the war began using massive artillery guns to fire explosive missiles at their enemy this was known as ‘shelling.’ Artillery was one of the biggest killers of the war. Naturally the explosion itself could easily blow someone apart but the main wound caused was actually from the tiny pieces of metal and wood that would go everywhere after the initial explosion known as shrapnel. Shrapnel was deadly for two main reasons. Firstly, if the shrapnel pierced your torso it could huge internal bleeding and death. As well as this however, the pieces of shrapnel were very hard to locate and due to the conditions on the front line the wound could easily get infected on any part of the body. If the legs or arms became infected often the only way to save the soldiers life was amputation. Head Burns to the face and damage to the eyes caused by gas attacks. TorsoDamage to the lungs causing death by choking was a result of gas attacks.ArmLeg right1271905Source A: H S Clapham, a British soldier on the Western Front “.... and then I smelt gas and real- ised that these were gas shells. I had my respirator on in a hurry and most of our men were as quick. The others were slower and suffered for it. One man was sick all over the sandbags and another was coughing his heart up. We pulled four men out of the debris unharmed. One man was uncon- scious, and died of gas later. An- other was hopelessly smashed up and must have got it full in the chest." 00Source A: H S Clapham, a British soldier on the Western Front “.... and then I smelt gas and real- ised that these were gas shells. I had my respirator on in a hurry and most of our men were as quick. The others were slower and suffered for it. One man was sick all over the sandbags and another was coughing his heart up. We pulled four men out of the debris unharmed. One man was uncon- scious, and died of gas later. An- other was hopelessly smashed up and must have got it full in the chest." Task 3. Read through the sources. Colour code each source to show if it relates to either gas attack, artillery or bullet wounds. Then using the space below add more detail on each type of injury and why it could be so deadly. Include which source you got the information from. There is an example on gas attacks below.left5516245Source D: Wartime doctor recalls his experiences in 2008The most widely used gas was mustard gas. Mustard gas could kill by blistering the lungs and throat of a soldier if inhaled. It could also produce terrible blisters on the body, as the gas would soak onto the wool uniforms that soldiers wore. Contaminated uniforms had to be taken off immediately and cleaned, something that was often not possible on the frontlines of a battle.00Source D: Wartime doctor recalls his experiences in 2008The most widely used gas was mustard gas. Mustard gas could kill by blistering the lungs and throat of a soldier if inhaled. It could also produce terrible blisters on the body, as the gas would soak onto the wool uniforms that soldiers wore. Contaminated uniforms had to be taken off immediately and cleaned, something that was often not possible on the frontlines of a battle.right3988498Source C BBC History article on artilleryOne of the main reasons why artillery caused so many wounds was because of the extent to which it was used in WW1. Both sides preformed almost continual bombardments on their enemy’s during the course of the war. Before the battle of the Somme for example the British spent 7 days shelling the Germany trenches non-stop. 00Source C BBC History article on artilleryOne of the main reasons why artillery caused so many wounds was because of the extent to which it was used in WW1. Both sides preformed almost continual bombardments on their enemy’s during the course of the war. Before the battle of the Somme for example the British spent 7 days shelling the Germany trenches non-stop. right2451100Source B: Historian Paul Hickling discussing WW1 rifles in his bookBoth sides improved the rifles of their soldiers. The Germans used the Gewhr 98 while the British used the Lee Enfield. Both of these new guns were capable of firing much larger bullets these. It was the new size of the bullets, as well as the speed they travelled that made them so capable of breaking bones and pricing into organs. 00Source B: Historian Paul Hickling discussing WW1 rifles in his bookBoth sides improved the rifles of their soldiers. The Germans used the Gewhr 98 while the British used the Lee Enfield. Both of these new guns were capable of firing much larger bullets these. It was the new size of the bullets, as well as the speed they travelled that made them so capable of breaking bones and pricing into organs. left-523Source E Extract from a school textbookPeople presume that most of the soldiers must have died from explosions and immediately from gunshot wounds. This was however not the case. On the British side a staggering 80% of cases of a broken femur caused death. The issue was that as the two pieces of bones rubbed together this would cause increased bleeding from the femoral artery. This would often kill soldiers before they could be treated. 00Source E Extract from a school textbookPeople presume that most of the soldiers must have died from explosions and immediately from gunshot wounds. This was however not the case. On the British side a staggering 80% of cases of a broken femur caused death. The issue was that as the two pieces of bones rubbed together this would cause increased bleeding from the femoral artery. This would often kill soldiers before they could be treated. Source F: Contribution to BBC History of the World by Geoffrey Denton 838459992300These three pieces of shrapnel were actually removed from my Grandfather who fought in the war. He was incredible lucky, as for many this type of wound was fatal. The issue can be seen clearly in the picture, these small pieces of metal are barely bigger than 50p. They are therefore incredibly difficult to detect and if left in the body would cause infection and death.left417195Source G Account of a British Frontline NurseWe had such a terrible time trying to keep the wounds of our soldiers clean! The issue was that when a solider was hit with a bullet or piece of shrapnel that was not the only thing to enter the body. The object brings with the soldiers’ uniforms which are usually covered in mud. The chances of getting an infection or made that much worse because of this…00Source G Account of a British Frontline NurseWe had such a terrible time trying to keep the wounds of our soldiers clean! The issue was that when a solider was hit with a bullet or piece of shrapnel that was not the only thing to enter the body. The object brings with the soldiers’ uniforms which are usually covered in mud. The chances of getting an infection or made that much worse because of this…left406400Source H ?Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum estThe blood loss caused by bullet wounds also causes a problem as it causes many soldiers to enter shock, which is caused by excessive blood loss. The issue is that when a patient is suffering from shock they are very difficult to treat, they are often confused, anxious and short of breath. This mental agitation slows down the treatment we can provide and sadly makes death by blood loss even more likely. Diary of a military doctor serving with the British army.Source I Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling,Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime ...Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.00Source H ?Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum estThe blood loss caused by bullet wounds also causes a problem as it causes many soldiers to enter shock, which is caused by excessive blood loss. The issue is that when a patient is suffering from shock they are very difficult to treat, they are often confused, anxious and short of breath. This mental agitation slows down the treatment we can provide and sadly makes death by blood loss even more likely. Diary of a military doctor serving with the British army.Source I Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! — An ecstasy of fumbling,Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime ...Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.Gas Attack: Gas attacks caused slow and painful deaths. Source A Artillery Bullet WoundsFinal Task. Describe one type of wartime wound in your own words. Make sure to include facts and evidence as part of your answer.Identify the type of wound. Explain what caused it.Explain why it could be deadly.One type of wound in World War one was: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________0564769000-8698658342Lesson 3- Diseases of WW1. LO: To revise four of the main disease’s soldiers could suffer from in WW1.00Lesson 3- Diseases of WW1. LO: To revise four of the main disease’s soldiers could suffer from in WW1.-126591114083This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of disease that soldiers suffered from in the First World War and what caused them. As we already know the conditions of the Western Front were appalling for most soldiers. Not only did the mud, water and craters across the landscape make life miserable and hard they also bought medical dangers that killed thousands of soldiers. You are going to revise trench foot, trench fever, shellshock and dysentery this lesson.00This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of disease that soldiers suffered from in the First World War and what caused them. As we already know the conditions of the Western Front were appalling for most soldiers. Not only did the mud, water and craters across the landscape make life miserable and hard they also bought medical dangers that killed thousands of soldiers. You are going to revise trench foot, trench fever, shellshock and dysentery this lesson.Task 1. Using the image try to remember the names of three wartime diseases from the picture clue.260494411939700932815216535The disease related to this picture is:The disease related to this picture is:-53911520066000418369371477The disease related to this picture is:The disease related to this picture is: INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET -169415240300001352515323493The disease related to this picture is:0The disease related to this picture is: INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Task 2. Watch the following video: Bullet point as many reasons why life in the trenches would encourage diseases to spread in the space below.Task 3. Using the information sheet on the types of illness and diseases soldiers could get, fill in the true or false worksheet. You must provide evidence for why you think each statement is either true or false. Trench Foot Trench foot has become notorious when people think of the conditions of the Great War. The flooded trenches often caused soldiers to stand in water for hours or even days. It was this that causes the damage to nerves and circulation in the feet. The foot would then become infected and the skin would decay. Unlike frostbite Trench foot does not require freezing conditions, cold water makes it more likely but is not essential.Trench Fever Trench fever is the term for a disease spread by lice in WW1. The poor conditions and unhygienic soldiers made ideal living conditions for lice. The main symptoms of trench fever were headaches, a fever and sore muscles. While trench fever was not always deadly the problem was that it could take 12 weeks to fully recover. This was because even after the illness went away it would often remerge. Trench Fever was therefore a problem for the British as it meant a great deal of their soldiers were incapable of fighting for large periods of time. Shell ShockShell shock was a type of disease that was totally new in WW1 and doctors had never seen it before. Originally it was called NYD which stood for Not Yet Diagnosed. We now know that shell shock was actually post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. This is a mental condition caused after traumatic events such as prolonged shelling. Soldiers in WW1 suffering from Shell Shock were reported as shaking, being unable to eat or sleep and being unable to follow orders. What made Shell Shock such a problem was that in the early 1900s it was misunderstood. Doctor’s originally believed it must have a physical cause and blamed nerve damage caused by artillery. Because of these misunderstandings it took a long time for treatment of shellshock to improve. The issue for the leaders of the war was that shell shock made soldiers unable to fight, and it effected a huge number of people. 40% of the casualties of the Somme were people suffering from shell shock. Dysentery The poor living conditions of the trenches made the spread of dysentery possible. It is spread by bacteria in unclean food and water. Once inside it causes sickness and diarrhoea. This disease can be fatal as it causes the body to dehydrate. The problem was many soldiers had to get their water from very unclean water sources such as craters. Likewise, there was usually only very simple toilets in the trenches. These awful conditions allowed dysentery to spread so easily. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed by dysentery on both sides of the war. StatementTrue or false? EvidenceTrench foot was caused by standing in water for too long.TrueTrench foot causes nerve and circulation damage from prolonged wet and coldness.Shellshock was originally called NYD.Rats caused Trench Fever. Shellshock stopped soldiers from following orders in many cases. One of the main symptoms of trench fever was headaches.Trench foot was an infection which caused skin to decay.It only took a few days to recover from trench fever. Only freezing water can cause trench foot.Doctors could not understand what caused shell shock.Dysentery was caused by stress. Dysentery causes vomiting and diarrhoea.Task 4 Read the information on treatments and try to match them to the disease. 3150296238594Treatment was very hit and miss. Doctors tried drugs that treated diseases that also gave you a fever. None were majorly successful. Attempts to kill lice was the only way to try and stop the spread.00Treatment was very hit and miss. Doctors tried drugs that treated diseases that also gave you a fever. None were majorly successful. Attempts to kill lice was the only way to try and stop the spread.Shell Shock315029633603Soldiers were given extra pairs of dry socks to change into. Also encouraged to use talcum powder on their feet and wash them when possible. Doctors had no drugs to treat the disease however. In 1917 new boots were introduced which did lower rates of this disease somewhat.00Soldiers were given extra pairs of dry socks to change into. Also encouraged to use talcum powder on their feet and wash them when possible. Doctors had no drugs to treat the disease however. In 1917 new boots were introduced which did lower rates of this disease somewhat.Trench FootDysentery 325615895163Add chloride of lime to any water sources to ensure that its purified. 00Add chloride of lime to any water sources to ensure that its purified. Trench Fever 3356827126809Many soldiers received no treatment and were forced to stay in the battlefield by their commanding officers who saw them as cowards. Some soldiers were sent away to rest for a period of time. 00Many soldiers received no treatment and were forced to stay in the battlefield by their commanding officers who saw them as cowards. Some soldiers were sent away to rest for a period of time. Final Task: describe two types of diseases in World War One. (4)-144049432279One type of disease was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Another type of disease was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00One type of disease was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Another type of disease was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________left-5331Lesson 4- Medical Improvements. LO:To reassess if there were medical improvements during WW1.00Lesson 4- Medical Improvements. LO:To reassess if there were medical improvements during WW1.right59446This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of disease that soldiers suffered from in the First World War and what caused them. As we already know the conditions of the Western Front were appalling for most soldiers. Not only did the mud, water and craters across the landscape make life miserable and hard they also bought medical dangers that killed thousands of soldiers. 00This lesson you are going to re-examine the main types of disease that soldiers suffered from in the First World War and what caused them. As we already know the conditions of the Western Front were appalling for most soldiers. Not only did the mud, water and craters across the landscape make life miserable and hard they also bought medical dangers that killed thousands of soldiers. Task 1. Briefly summarise the main types of wounds you can remember from the previous lessons: Task 2. Use the sources below the table to fill in the investigation table on if there were any medical improvements made during the war. After you have filled in the detail, rank the four areas to show, which you think, had the biggest improvement with 1 being the biggest improvement and 4 the least improvement. Type of injury Main problemTreatments developed Effectiveness Order of significance Blood lossNo way to store blood ready for when soldiers need it.Blood transfusion could only be done ‘person to person’ which was slow and difficult. Broken femurInfectionsShrapnel and bullet wounds. Sources:Source A: Article from the Museum of Health Care The main issue with blood transfusions in the early years of the war was that there was no way to store blood for soldiers for any long period of time without it clotting. The discovery of anticoagulants greatly improved the ability to store blood. In 1914 sodium?citrate was shown to be an effective anticoagulant, and Jay McLean discovered heparin – still?one of the most commonly used anticoagulants – in 1916. Source B Article from the British History MuseumBlood transfusions techniques also improved after pioneering work by Canadian and American surgeons. A method was quickly discovered that meant blood transfusions no longer had to be ‘person to person.’ New techniques and the ability to store blood and access it immediately was a great success. It greatly helped lower the amount of soldiers being killed on the front lines as they could be treated much quicker.Source C BBC History articleX-ray had been discovered in 1895, but the issue for wartime surgeons was that these large x-rays were only found in cities. Therefore, at the start of the war it was hard to locate shrapnel after an artillery strike or bullet pieces as surgeons had to work on the front lines or in temporary field hospitals most of the time. Source D Article on Marie Curie and the mobile X-RayThe French developed the first mobile X-ray which was smaller and could fit into a vehicle thanks to the scientist Marie Curie who was also the first women to win the noble prize for her research on radiation. After this it became much easier for surgeons to successfully remove objects from the wounded soldiers resulting in many more successful operations. Source E: BBC History article on medical improvements in WW1Infections of wounds was a huge issue in the war. Surgeons found that infection spread so fast because of the conditions that they usually had no choice but to amputate limbs. A staggering 80% of amputations in the French army were from infections. Source F: Article on infections during WW1Two men, Alexis Carrel and Henry Dakin realised that it was essential wounds could be sterilized quickly. They worked together on a solution with Dakin an English scientist creating the solution. Carrel who was a French invented a device to the deliver the solution. There work was pioneering and helped save many lives. However, it was sensitive work, if the solution was not mixed precisely it would irritate the skin or fail to sterilize the wound.left863900 INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Source G BBC History ArticleAt the start of the war 80% of all soldiers with a broken femur died from blood loss. The Thomas Splint was developed by Hugh Owen Thomas, his device pulled the leg and kept the bones in place to stop them rubbing. As a result, by 1916 the survival rate for a broken femur was now 80%. The Thomas Splint was a huge success and is still used today virtually unchanged.Task 3. Answer the questions below. Which treatment do you think was the most significant? Use detail from the sources and your table to explain your opinion.Identify which treatment you think is the most significant. Describe the treatment.Explain why you think it is the most significant.I think the most significant treatment was: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Final Task write a conclusion to this question:‘Overall there were major medical improvements for soldiers during the war’ How far do you agree’Identify if you agree with the statement or not.Explain why you think this.Link back to the question._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________25592-384140Lesson 5. Source Questions. LO: To practice source utility and follow up questions.00Lesson 5. Source Questions. LO: To practice source utility and follow up questions.-71329269753This lesson we are going to re-examine how to answer to types of GCSE questions, source utility and source follow up questions. We have practiced these questions before in school. Source utility questions ask you to explain why a source might be useful when researching a specific question. Source follow ups ask you to consider something you would want to research from a source, and how you would go about doing that.00This lesson we are going to re-examine how to answer to types of GCSE questions, source utility and source follow up questions. We have practiced these questions before in school. Source utility questions ask you to explain why a source might be useful when researching a specific question. Source follow ups ask you to consider something you would want to research from a source, and how you would go about doing that.Task 1. look at sources and then follow the structure guide to draft your own answer to be marked. Source A H S Clapham, a British soldier on the Western Front 1916“.... and then I smelt gas and real- ised that these were gas shells. I had my respirator on in a hurry and most of our men were as quick. The others were slower and suffered for it. One man was sick all over the sandbags and another was coughing his heart up. We pulled four men out of the debris unharmed. One man was uncon- scious, and died of gas later. An- other was hopelessly smashed up and must have got it full in the chest." Source B, Photograph of artillery crew with their guns taken by a British wartime photographer, 1916. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1481630635700 How useful are source A and B on the types of causes of wounds and deaths to soldiers in WW1?Structure per paragraph:1). What is the source i.e is it a diary, letter newspaper article? Why would this make the source useful? A diary for example you would expect to be very honest and personal.Example: “Source B is useful for an enquiry into the impact of the terrain as it is photograph taken during the battle of Ypres.”2). What does the source tell you? Does this match with your own knowledge? Why does this make it useful? Example: “This source tells us that trench foot destroyed the feet of soldiers. I know this is true as the disease would cause infection in the feet after nerve damage. Therefore, the source is useful for describing the effects of Trench Foot on soldiers.”3). Discuss the origin or purpose of the source. Why would this make the source useful? Purpose means why was the source made? Is it a hospital or record or is it a piece of propaganda trying to persuade someone of something? Remember both could be useful! Hospital records would give direct facts on medical treatments, and a piece of propaganda could tell us how a government tried to convince its people to join the war for example. Origin means who made the source and when. Was it made by someone who was actually there, or is it a second-hand account? Would the person be biased for any reason? Example: “This source is a picture taken by a British wartime photographer in 1917. This makes it useful as firstly it was taken during the war and should be accurate. Also it was this persons job to take photos of the war so we can further assume it useful because it would be done by a professional.”How useful are source A and B on the types of causes of wounds and deaths to soldiers in WW1?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 2. Look at the source and then fellow the structure to draft your own source follow up question. Source A: From A Surgeon's Journal, Harvey Cushing?1915-1918.Friday the 8th. The wounds in most cases of course are multiple. "Multiple" indeed. Mostly shell explosion effects---very few bullet wounds in a game like yesterday's. Indeed the more insignificant the wound appears to be, the more serious it may prove on investigation. Or the reverse may be true---an ugly-looking wound that proved relatively insignificant. One boy had a small head wound and stated that there was a hole in his tin hat. The operation showed that a strip of his helmet about two inches long and half an inch wide had been cut out as though by a can opener. This metal sliver had curled in through the temporal bone over his ear, passed through the brain, and its point emerged just behind the eye socket. Not a pleasant thing to dislodge, particularly as it had divided his meningeal artery, which began to bleed after the bone was removed and the missile loosened.How could you follow source A to find out more about the problem’s wartime doctors had treating soldiers? In your answer, you must give the question you would ask and the type of source you could use.Source follow up structure Using the focus of the enquiry such as ‘what types of injuries did soldiers suffer form in the war?’ identify some information that you would further like to research.Example: “Source A is a photograph that shows a line of soldiers wearing bandages around their eyes.”Now you have to think of a question which is related to the source you chosen.Example: “I would ask the question, why did gas attacks cause blindness in soldiers?” Now you have your question you need to think of what other types of source would help you research it. Sources such as medical documents, dairies, letters could all be useful. Example: “government reports on the use of gas attacks during the war.”You finally need to explain why these sources would help your research.Example: “These reports might explain what is in the gas and why it can damage the eyes of soldiers in detail as the governments would want to research possible treatments. How could you follow source A to find out more about the problem’s wartime doctors had treating soldiers? In your answer, you must give the question you would ask and the type of source you could rmation from the source I would follow up:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Question I would ask:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Types of sources I would use:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________These sources would help because:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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