ETO, Organization and Equipment of Field Artillery Units
[Pages:58]TW GEhJFAL BOARD 1Jnited S t a t e s Forces, European Theater
STITDY
- OP THE ORGANIZA~IOT- nr.m ETJIEITTYT
-OF
I
- FIFIE ARTILLERY KWTS
EJISSICN: Prepere Report and Recornmendations on t h e Organization and Equipment of Field A r t i l l e r y Units.
The General Boarcl was e s t a b l i s h c d by General Orders 128, Headquarters European Thester of Operations, US Army, d a t e d 1 7 ?me 194.5,as m s n d e d by General O r d e r s 182, d a t e d 7 >4ug-ust 1945 and General Orders 312 dated 20
November 1745, Headquarters TJnited S t e t e s Forces, Furopean Theater, t o prepare a factual analysis of the s t r a t e g y ,
t a c t i c s , and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n employed 5y t h e Unltsd S t a t e s forces i n t h e European Theater.
Study Ember 59
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SIBJECT
PAGE
Fart One: General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . -- P a r t Two: D i v i s i o n a l A r t i l l e r y
2
. . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: I n r a n t r y D i v i s i o n
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 The F i r j n g
. Light A r t i l l e r y
B. a.t t e.r y.
..
..
..
..
..
..
. .
2
2
Medium A r t i l l e r y
4
. . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y
5
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and
Headquarters Battery
6
. . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n k The B a t t a l i o n
8
S e c t i o n 5 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Head-
. . . . . . . . . . . . q J a r t e r s and Headquarters
Sattery
8
. . . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n Artillery
11
. . . . . . Chapter 2: Arnored D l v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
11
. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The F i r i n g B a t t e r y
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light A r t i l l e r y
lledium A r t i l l e r y .
11
12
. . . . . S e c t i o n 2 B a t t a l i o l S e r v i c e 3 a t t e r y
13
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and
Headquarters Battery
13
. . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 4 .The B a t t a l i o n
14
. . . . S e c t i o n 5 D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y R e a d q u a r t e r s
and Headquarters R a t t e r y
14
. . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
6 14
. . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3 : Airborne D i v i s i o n
15
. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The F i r i n g B a t t e r y
15
. . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y
16
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 The B a t t a l i o n E e a d q u a r t e s s and
Headquarters RattRry
16
S e c t i o n Lk .The . B a t t a l i o n . . . . . . . . . 16
. S e c t i o n 5 The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Baad-
. . . . . . . . . . . . q u a r t e r s and Iiefldquart a r s
Battery
17
. . . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
17
CUPTECT
PAGE
. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
. . . . . . . . . Part Three: > J o n - d i v i s i o r a l A r t i l l e r y
19
. . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: L i g h t Ar;illery
19
. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The Eiricg B a t t e r y
1?
. . S e c t i o n 2 - T h e R a t t a l i o n S e r v l c e 3 a t t e r y
19
. . . . . S e c t i o n 3 .The P a t t a l i o n Headquarters and
Heaaquarters Eattery
19
. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 4 .The B a t t a l i o n .
19
Chapter 2 : . . !tedium A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . 2 0
. . . . . . . - S e c t i o n 1 The F i r i n g E a t t e r y
20
. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n .
20
Cnapt er 3 ! Heavy A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 - The Firring B a t t e r y
20
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 - The S e r v i c e B a t t e r y .
22
. . . . . S e c t i o n 3 - T h e E a t t a l i o n I i e a d q u a r t e r s nnd
Headquarters Eattery
23
. . . . . . . . . . - S e c t i o n 4 The Einbtalion
23
Chapter 4: The Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .General Organization
23
. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 - The Headqusrters an9 Ilead-
qcarters Battery
23
. . . . . C h a p t e r 5 : Tbe F i e l d A r t i l l p r y Bri.?ade
21t
- S e c t i o n 1 Organization . . . . . . . . . . 24.
S e c t i o n 2 - . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 24
. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
P a r t Pour: Corps . A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?7
. . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: General Crganization
27
. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .Crganic & i t s .
. H e a d q u a r t e r s and R e a d q u a r t e r s E a t t e r y
. F i e l d A r t i l l e r y O b s e r v a t i o n B a t t a l l o n
2-7
27
28
. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .Attached IJriits
28
. . . . . . . . Chapter 2 : The A r t i l l e r y Division
Z?
. . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 - Gsneral Organization
29
S?JRJFCT
PAGE
. . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .Orgaiiic A r t i l l e r y
29
. . . . . . . . . . iunount of A r t i l l e r y
30
S e c t i o n 3 . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 3i
. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . P a r t Five: Array A r t i l l e r y
33
. c h a p t e r 1: A r t i l l e r y S e c t i o n . Army H e a d q u a r t e r s 3 3
. . . . . . . Chapter 2 : The Army A r t i l l e r y Pool
3j
. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
. . . . . . . . . . . . P a r t six: Fiigher Xeadquasters
36
. . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: The Army Group
36
Chapter 2: The T h c a t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
. . . . . . . . . Chapter 3 : Supreme Headquarters
38
. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j?
. . . . . P a r t Seven: C o n c l u s l o n s and Eecommenrlations
40
Chapter I: Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
. . - S e c t i o n 1 I n f a n t r y D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y .
40
. . . . . . . . . . . The F i r i n g Battery
40
. . . . . The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y
4.0
The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and Head-
. . . . . . . . . . . q u a p t e r s B a t t e r y
40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . The E a t t a l i o n
1d
. . . . . . . . . The D j v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
41
. . . S e c t i o n 2 - Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
41
. . . S e c t i o n 3 .Aizborne D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
41
. . . . Sec5Lon 4 .N o n - d i v i s i o n a l A r t i l l e r y
41
. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 5 .Corps A r t i l l e r y
42
. S e c t i o n 6 .Army and Higher H o s d q u a r t e r s
42
. . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2: Hecormendations
42
. . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .I n f a n t r y I j i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y . . . 13
The P i r i n g B a t t e r y
13
The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u ~ r t e r sand Ilead-
. . . . . . . . . . . q u a r t e r s Battery
43
. . . . . Thc Esttalion S e r v i c e B a t t e r y
44
. . . . . . . . . . . . . The E a t t a l i o n
44
The Division A r t i l l e r y Headquarters and
. . . . . . . . . IIeadquart e r s Eatt ery
411
. . . . . . . . . . . DFvision A r t i l l e r y
115
- . . . S e c t i o n 2 Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
45
SUSJRCT
PAGE
. . . . . . . . . . . The
The
Firing Battery &;talion Headquarters
and
Head .
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . quarters B a t t e r y
`The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B t t e r y
. . . . . . . . . . . .
The B a t t a l i o n
t
The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Headquarters and
. . . . . . . . .
Headquarters Battery
. . . . . . . The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
..
. . . S e c t i o n 3 .A i r b o r n e D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
S
e
c
t
i
o n 4 .No
Light..
. . Medium
. H e a v y . . . Group
n....-
d....iv....is
i....o
n....a
l ....
A....
r....t i
l....l
e....r
y ....
.....
.....
.....
. . . . .
46
44..66
46
4.7
. . . . . . . H e a d q u a r t e r s and Headquarters B a t t e r y Field Artillery Brigade
48
. . . . . . . . .
S e c t f o q 5 - Corps . 4 r t i l l e r y
48
. . . . . . . . . . .
. A r t i l l e r y Division
Field A r t i l l e r y Observation Eattalion
48
48
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
- S e c t i o n 6 Army A r t i l l e r y
49
The A r t i l l e r y Section
49
. . . . . . . .
The Army A r t i l l e r y P o o l
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
- Section 7 Higher Headquarters
49
The Army Group
IC9
. . . . . . . . .
The Theater
49
Supreme Headquarters.
51
THE GENERAL BOARD
UNITED STATES FORCES. EUROPEAN "TI APO 4.68
STUDY OF THE ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT
OF
FIELD ARTIUERY UNITS
P r e p a r e d by :
Brig Gen Col Loui
s
Jesmond D. R
J. Compton,
alm Ex
e e
r, cu
Chi tive
ef, Of
Arti ficer
,l l
ery Art
S il
ect ler
io y
n
Section
Col E r n e s t T. Gwen, A r t i l l e r y S e c t i o n
Principal consultants:
Brig Gen Theodore E. E u e c h l e r , 08566, A r t i l l e r y
Officer, European Theater Operations, United
S t a t e s Army
Brig Cen J u l i u s S l a c k , 012271, Commanding G e n e r a l , XX Corps Artillery
R r i g Gen John M. L e n t z , 010343, Comnsnding G e n e r a l ,
X I 1 Corps A r t i l l e r y Brig Gen John F. U n c l e s , 014914, Commanding G e n e r a l ,
- 3 4 t h F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Brigade
co 1 Carl I. IIutton. 018177. Commanding O f f i c e r . 2d
, Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i i l e r y
Go1 Tame8 G. W a t k i n s , 07249, Commanding O f f i c e r 3 6 t h F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group
Col C a r l o s Brewer, 0 3 5 3 9 , A r t i l l e r y O f f i c e r , S e v e n t h
Army Col John V?. Russey, 07464, Commanding O f f i c e r , 3 4 9 t h
Field Arkillery Group C O l John J. Bipns, 315207, Commanding O f f i c e r , V I
Corps A r t i l l e r y
C O l R u s s e l T. F i n n , 016237, E x e c u t i v e O f f i c e r , 32d Fie1d A r t i l l e r y Brigade
C O l Douglas J. Page, 04.495, Commanding O f f i c e r , 5 t h Arraored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
C o l Roswell B. H a r t , OlZfL87, Executive O f f i c e r , 78th Division Artillery
C O l H. 1;. B u r l t o n , M i l i t a r y Cross, Royal A r t i l l e r y , Supreme HPad q u a r t e r s A l l i e d E x p e d i t i o n a r y F o r c e s
Go1 Paul H. V e i l a n d , 084.18, Commanding O f f i c e r , 40th
F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group
C o l Robert L. Gardell. 018505. Comandina-; W f i c e r ,
100th Division Artillery' Lt Col John 5. Routh, 0328340, F i e l d A r t i l l e r y ,
Armored S e c t i o n , G e n e r a l Board Lt Col Joseph W. Keating!, 019800, F i e l d A r t i l l e r y ,
, G-3 S e c t i o n , C e n e r i i b a r d .
L t Col Raymond Renola, 022971, Comnanding O f f i c e r
375th Field Artillery Eattalion Lt Col F r e d e r i c k a. S t r i t z i n g e r , 017186, Commanding
Officer, 752d Field Artillery Eattalion
Lt Go1 S t a c y 'hi. Goooh, 019.455, Comanding O f f i c e r ,
724th Field Artillery Battalion, 69th Infantry
Division
Lt Col Iienry E. S t r i c k l a n d , 016140, Comnanding O f f i c e r , 79th F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group
OTficer, 3d Amnored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y
Lt c o l L O U I S vCr7J I deRiemer3 017640, G-3 Section,
General Eoard
Maj R o b e r t Ha Murphy ? 011AG338, A i r OFficer 100th
Division Artillery
UNITED
THE
STATXS
GFOEENiECREASL,
BOARD XJROFEAN
TEIEATW
-4PO 4.08
STUDY OF TILT ORGAlJIZATION -4ND EQUPIFXT OF FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS
PART ONE
GENEZAL
1. Purpose. The p u r p o s e o f t h i s s k i d y i s t o c r i t i c a l l y examine-the o r g a n i z a t i o n and equipment o f t h e f i e l d a r t i l l e r y u n i t s of the Urited States forces i n the European T h a t e r w i t h a view t o making reconmendations for major changes thereto.
2 . Scope, No t a b l e s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n and equipment were p r e p x a s a part of t h i s study, but s u f f i c i e n t det a i l has been given t o indicate t h e degired major changes,
3. Source Yaterial. This study is based on r e p o r t s o f c o n f e r m o P s e E artill e r y comiisnders, p r e v i o u s l y submitted recommendations for changes t o t a b l e s o f o r g a n ization and equipment, interviews with o f f i c e r s o f a l l g r a d e s , and c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h members of The General B o a r d .
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