Guildhall Historical Association Articles Published 1944 ...



|Title, by whom read and when |Summary of Article |

|Committee Allowances |Coach hire expenses before 1809; allowances to Committees for refreshments thereafter, listed in Pocket Books 1824-1924; coach hire and “line money” |

|Sir Cuthbert Whitaker MA, FSA |paid to members for attendance, technically abolished 1836; summer excursions on the River Thames for Members and their wives on board the former |

|27 July 1944 |State barge Maria Wood abolished 1885; defence of Committee allowances before 1854 Royal Commission; foundation of the Guildhall Club at the end of |

| |the 19th century; Committee luncheons; institution of the budget system by Harvey Preen, Chairman of the Coal, Corn and Finance Committee; the |

| |current [1944] system of Committee allowances. |

|Some Notes on the City’s Cash |The historical origin of the City’s private purse; an explanation of the title of the Coal, Corn and Finance Committee; the City’s revenues and |

|Major J Lockhart Gow MC |expenditure from the Middle Ages; the City Lands; the Royal Contract and the Conduit Mead Estate; John Carpenter’s bequest; the City Markets. |

|11 May 1945 | |

|Some Observations on A.R.P. and Civil Defence |The beginnings of the Committee; the author’s work as Committee chairman from 1937 with the assistance of the new City Engineer and Medical Officer |

|F.W. Brundle CBE |of Health; development of ARP in the country and City; air raids, damage and casualties in the City; contingency measures; salvage statistics; Fire |

|4 September 1945 |Guards organisation; standing down from April 1945 and dispersal from July 1945. |

|The Special Committee |Background of attacks on the Corporation during the 19th century, especially the 1853 Royal Commission and the proposed reforms of 1882, which caused|

|Major G.H.M. Vine TD |the first appointment of the Special Committee [fore-runner of the current Policy and Resources Committee] in 1883 to protect the Corporation’s |

|3 April 1946 |rights; the 1893 Royal Commission; its part in the formation of Metropolitan Borough Councils in 1899 and the winding up of the first Special |

| |Committee; its re-establishment in 1904 and terms of reference; its work respecting rates unification and the Union of Parishes Act 1907; its other |

| |areas of work and influence; chairmen. |

|The Title and Office of Chief Commoner |Origin of the term “commoner;” origin of the City Lands and CL Committee; evolution of the title of Chief Commoner for the chairman of that Committee|

|Lt.-Col. G.J. Cullum Welch OBE, MC |in the 3rd quarter of the 19th century; proposals to elect a Chief Commoner separate from the chairmanship of the City Lands Committee in 1905; |

|1 July 1946 |arguments for and against the official recognition of the Chief Commoner as a spokesman for the Court of Common Council in 1907; official recognition|

| |of the title from 1918; precedence; Chief Commoner’s room. |

|The Court of Aldermen |Origin and development of the City Wards and the powers of Aldermen since Saxon times; gradual increase of administrative business taken over by |

|Sir Frank Newson-Smith Bt. |Common Council; functions and business of the Court of Aldermen, especially respecting elections, Freedoms, City Livery Companies and justice; the |

|30 September 1946 |continuing role of the Aldermen in the civic constitution. |

|Tithe Rate in the City of London |A brief history of religious tithes; tithes in England from 1066 to 1936; the difference between them and tithes in the City of London; Acts of |

|Sir Cuthbert Whitaker MA, FSA |Parliament of 1670 and 1804 affecting City tithes; effects of the City of London (Union of Parishes) Act 1907 and the role of the Special Committee |

|30 December 1946 |in its passage; problems caused by the Second World War and attempts at reform; collection of City tithe rate as part of the City’s rates from City |

| |of London (Tithe) Act 1947. |

|The Public Health Department of the |Development of Ward-based sanitation, sewerage, street cleansing and lighting up to 1667; the Great Fire of London 1666 and its consequences; |

|Corporation of London |Commissioners of Sewers and the development of public health measures 1668-1898, including the City of London Sewers Act 1848; the City of London |

|J.H. Morton FCA |Sewers Act 1897; the formation, development and duties of the Public Health Department and its Committees 1898-1947; current [1947] public health |

|31 March 1947 |provisions in the City. |

|The City of London Freemen’s School: Cives in |The background to the foundation of the School by Act of Parliament of 1850; the conversion of the London Workhouse endowments into funds for a |

|loco parentis |school; the separate foundation of the City of London School by Act of Parliament of 1834; Warren Stormes Hale and the foundation of the City of |

|Gervase E Wood |London School (1837) and the City of London Freemen’s Orphan School (1854); the Freemen’s School at Brixton (1854-1926) and Ashtead (1926-date). |

|30 June 1947 | |

|The Early History of the City of London |The unknown origins of the City of London; London’s geographical and strategic advantages; Roman London and its decay; Saxon London and the |

|Sir Cuthbert Whitaker MA, FSA |appointment of Alfred the Great’s son-in-law, Ethelred as Governor of London in 886 and its apparent county status thereafter; offices of Portreeve |

|30 September 1947 |and Sheriff of the City and of Middlesex; the Norman Conquest and the granting of the “William Charter” c.1067, ratifying existing rights and |

| |privileges of Londoners; the City’s medieval attempts at extending its independence from the Crown; the granting of the Commune in 1191 and the |

| |subsequent development of City government along the lines of that of national government; citizens’ rights guaranteed by Magna Carta 1215; |

| |development of democratic government and Common Council from the 1320s; the City of London’s unique constitution and the relatively late development |

| |of the term “Corporation of London”; non-party political nature of the City’s government. |

|The Privileges of the City of London |Difficulties of defining City of London’s privileges; those relating to trade and commerce, especially import, export and marketing, (including some |

|Leonard C Beecroft FCA |very obscure offices) which largely disappeared in the 18th century and were finally abolished in 1856; legal privileges of the Lord Mayor and of |

|29 December 1947 |Aldermen as Justices of the Peace; City’s right to elect its own Mayor, Aldermen and especially Sheriff; rights of citizens to be tried in City |

| |Courts; City’s ceremonial privileges, including the Lord Mayor’s Show, greeting the Sovereign at Temple Bar, privileged regiments and the Lord |

| |Mayor’s responsibilities relating to the accession of the Sovereign; numerous privileges (some now out of date) in relation to Parliament; privilege |

| |of entertaining royalty; privileged unwritten constitution of the City and the Custom of London; administrative privileges, including the right to |

| |change the constitution; privilege of possessing the City Lands and funds other than the rates. |

|The City Livery Companies |Origin of Livery Companies in late Saxon times and their development from religious fraternities; their control over their trades and crafts in the |

|Humphrey W Morris |medieval period as they became more powerful; inter-Company strife in the 13th and 14th centuries; their regulation by the Court of Aldermen and |

|22 March 1948 |their powers in the civic constitution of London; halls and their destruction in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and their rebuilding after it; |

| |Company Freemen and rules regulating them; attacks on Livery Companies from the 1870s and the Royal Commission appointed in 1880; their charitable |

| |work; the Companies’ role in the Protestant plantation of Ulster in the 17th century; notes of interest respecting several individual Companies |

| |(mostly the Great Twelve Companies). |

|Boundary Marks in the City of London |Parish, ward and property marks, some covered in “Boundary and Property Marks in London” by L.B. Ellis in British Archaeological Association’s |

|Sir Frederick Tidbury-Beer |Journal (3rd series, vol. VIII, 1943); particular examples of marks and plaques and stories associated with the places marked; varying designs and |

|1948 |symbols; with illustrations of several ward and parish marks. |

|Port of London Authority |The importance of the River Thames to the development of London; the growth of London as a trading port from Roman times onwards; establishment of |

|R.E. Philp |the Lord Mayor as Conservator of the River Thames from Staines to the Medway in 1393; preservation of fishing and navigation and the jurisdiction of |

|30 August 1948 |the Courts of Conservancy in Middlesex, Essex, Surrey and Kent; the Lord Mayor’s ceremonial views of the Thames and the various Navigation Barges; |

| |the work of the Navigation Committee; dispute between the Corporation and the Crown over the title to the soil and bed of the Thames settled in 1856,|

| |and the Corporation’s loss of the Thames conservancy to a new body of Thames Conservators; development of the West and East India Docks and other |

| |docks east of the City in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; establishment of the Port of London Authority in 1908. |

|The Custom of London |The establishment of the Custom of London since the “William Charter” of c. 1067; the difficulty of defining the Custom and the pre-eminence of an |

|Irving Gane, Chamberlain of London |oral tradition over a written one with regard to it; the temporary loss of the City’s privileges under Quo Warranto 1683 – 1688; the City’s power to |

|29 November 1948 |amend the Custom of London by Act of Common Council; extinguishing of Custom (e.g. City’s jurisdiction over testamentary bequests; admission of |

| |married women to the City Freedom); the legal status of the Custom and its survival through flexibility. |

|St Paul’s Cross |Brief history of St Paul’s Cross as a preaching cross, with pulpit; use of the Cross as a place to assemble citizens in the Folkmoot and to hear |

|P.E Jones LL.B, F.R.Hist.S. |proclamations and announcements and to witness punishments; famous political and religious sermons at the Cross; attendance of the Lord Mayor and |

|31 January 1949 |Aldermen at sermons from the 15th century, and improvements in their accommodation over time; payments to preachers at Paul’s Cross and the removal |

| |of the sermon to the interior of the Cathedral from the 17th century; hospitality to preachers from the 17th century; bequests to preachers from the |

| |15th century; the erection of a memorial on the site of Paul’s Cross in 1909 from a bequest by Mr H.C. Richards, KC. |

|The City and the Militia |The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) (incorporated 1537) the oldest regiment in the British Isles; London militia since Saxon times; privileges of |

|J.K. Newson-Smith MA |Londoners in the King’s host; provision of soldiers for the Sovereign; City Livery Companies’ bowmen; practice of archery and events leading to the |

|30 May 1949 |establishment of the HAC; reorganisations of the London Train Bands in the 17th century; other towns and cities copy London’s example in the training|

| |of militia; lease of the Artillery Ground still used by the HAC from 1641; London Train Bands in the Civil War and later in the 17th century; |

| |practice from the 1690s onwards of citizens paying deputies to serve, and the falling off of efficiency of the Train Bands; divergence of the Train |

| |Bands and the HAC after 1777; expulsion of the Lord Mayor from the HAC in 1780; establishment of the London Rifle Brigade by Aldermen and City |

| |Officers in 1859. |

|Outdoor Monuments in the City of London |Events leading to the research and publication of a report in 1949 by the Chairman of the Special Committee and the Deputy Keeper of the Records |

|Sir Cuthbert Whitaker MA, FSA |listing all the outdoor monuments within the City of London, with some omissions from that report in this article, namely Aldgate Pump, Aldersgate |

|29 August 1949 |Boundary Marks, Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, Cornhill Pump, Holborn Bars, Paul’s Cross, Royal Exchange, St Bride’s and Bridewell Precinct Schools, |

| |Smithfield Garden and Fountain, statues from the front of Guildhall Chapel on the staircase from Basinghall Street to Guildhall Library. |

| |[Rider concerning the suggestion that Bunhill Fields Burial Ground should become a garden of rest, which was, in 1949, still considered a “live” |

| |issue. Sir Cuthbert Whitaker was obliged to state that the opinions in the article were his own personal views and not to be regarded as propaganda |

| |in encouraging Members to vote against the scheme when it was proposed in Common Council.] |

|Some Notes on the Bank of England and Her |Chamber of London and Livery Companies (especially the Goldsmiths’) acting as banks for 100 years prior to establishment of the Bank of England in |

|Connection with the Chamber of London, and |1694; venture capital, personal and Government loans from the Chamber in the early 17th century; the Chamberlain appointed Receiver of taxes imposed |

|Certain Other Aspects of Civic Life |for repayment; growing strain on the Corporation’s finances during the 17th century due to increased borrowing, but crisis masked and delayed by |

|Alderman E.V.M. Stockdale |Orphans’ money; Chamber retrenchment led to formation of Bank of England; same people involved in Chamber, Bank of England and Livery Companies |

|29 December 1949 |(using the Grocers’ as an example); the site of the Bank of England. |

|Notes Upon the History of the City Lieutenancy|The City trained bands, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries; earliest Commission of City Lieutenancy in 1617; City trained bands fighting for|

|Gilbert Davis |Parliament during the Civil War; Act of 1662 establishing the Lieutenancy as it exists today; Trophy Tax; preparations against the Young Pretender in|

|13 March 1950 |1745; trained bands absorbed into the Militia from 1794; foundation of the Volunteer Force in 1858; modern successors to the trained bands. |

|The London Food Markets |Reliance of Londoners on markets for food; how the food reached the markets; non-profit-making nature of markets before the 17th century; mainly |

|W.F. Bonsor OBE |retail nature of London’s markets; effect of London’s markets on the Home Counties and further afield; growth of middle-men or agents between |

|12 June 1950 |supplier and market; increased number of market gardens around London; particular characteristics of Smithfield Market, the Borough Market in |

| |Southwark and the Stocks Market; possible future of the Corporation’s markets. |

|St Mary-Le-Bow Church |Possible Roman foundations in the crypt; the building since Norman times; origin of the name “Bow”; adjacent site of Royal Sild, from which royalty |

|Col. C.C.O. Whiteley OBE, MC, JP |watched jousts and events in Cheapside; rebuilding after the Great Fire of London; dragon weathervane; Bow Bells; church plate. |

|27 September 1950 | |

|London and the Royal Navy |London’s interests in the sea; merchant shipping and Londoners’ assistance to the Crown in providing ships for defence in times of war, especially |

|Commander R.J. Hayward RD, RNR |during medieval Anglo-French wars; London’s help against the Armada in 1588; London and the Ship Money dispute with Charles I; ships bearing the name|

|29 December 1950 |London; City honours granted to great naval figures in Napoleonic wars; 20th century hospitality to naval figures. |

|A Short Paper on Epping Forest |Brief history of the Forest since its foundation by William I; commoners’ rights; gradual encroachments, increasing in the early 19th century; the |

|A.J. Osborn |Corporation of London’s acquisition of commoners’ rights in the Forest through its purchase of Aldersbrook Farm for the City of London Cemetery; the |

|30 July 1951 |Corporation’s legal battle to prevent further enclosure of the Forest and its eventual victory; the Epping Forest Act 1878; the Forest and its |

| |government in 1951; local landmarks and legends; notable people associated with the Forest; Queen Elizabeth’s Hunting Lodge and Copthall; modern and |

| |recent threats to the Forest from War Department works and housing schemes. |

|London Bridge |Probable Roman bridge; 1st reference to London Bridge in 980; destruction of it by King Olaf in 1014 and the rhyme “London Bridge is broken down”; |

|S.J. Fox |Peter de Colechurch’s stone bridge, built 1176-1209 and links with the Church; size of the Bridge and the houses which were built upon it before |

|29 October 1951 |their removal in 1760; famous stories relating to the Bridge; royal entrances and pageants there; the Bridge House Estates properties and historical |

| |income to 1950; beneficial working class housing south of the Thames built by the Bridge House Trust. |

|The Romance of Private Banking |Gold shortage leading Charles II to refuse to repay over £1,000,000 owed to London merchants in 1672; Goldsmith bankers acting as safety deposits in |

|Alderman F.A. Hoare |the 17th century; growth of receipt notes and cheques (first cheque in 1676); famous figures in banking: Thomas Leyland of Liverpool and his |

|31 December 1951 |involvement in lucrative slavery; his partnership with William Roscoe the humanitarian and abolitionist in Clarke’s and Roscoe’s Bank 1802-1806; |

| |Leyland’s increasing fortune and success in Liverpool; Jonathan Backhouse of Darlington, Quaker banker and popular stories about him; stories of the |

| |rivalry, friendship and similarities between Child’s Bank, 1 Fleet Street and Hoares Bank, 37 Fleet Street from the 17th century to 1924; the history|

| |of Hoares Bank and its survival as the last of once 721 private banks. |

|The River Thames |Weirs and locks on the River, and the competing interests of bargemen, fishermen, millers and the riverside population; grant of jurisdiction over |

|W.E. Sykes MC, JP |the Thames to the City of London by Richard I in 1197; problems with weirs and rubbish in the River in the Middle Ages; appointment of the Navigation|

|31 March 1952 |Committee in 1770 and its work in clearing obstructions from 1774; acquisition of all tollpath tollgates below Staines and the construction of pound|

| |locks at Chertsey, Shepperton, Sunbury and Teddington; the Corporation’s Thames barges; railway competition; the Corporation’s loss of the Thames |

| |Conservancy under the 1857 Act; Thames conservancy after 1857; the establishment of the Port of London Authority in 1908 for the Thames east of |

| |Teddington Lock; the Thames Board of Conservators and a detailed account of its work in 1952; fishing on the Thames; swans and swan-upping. |

| |[The author was the Corporation’s representative on the Thames Board of Conservancy, and Chairman of its Finance and General Purposes Committee at |

| |the time the article was written.] |

|The Wine Trade and the City of London |The London wine trade in Roman and medieval times; the establishment and role of the Vintners’ Company; the growth of spirits in the 17th century and|

|Alan S Lamboll |the establishment of the Distillers’ Company; gin in the 18th century; the introduction of port wine and cylindrical bottles in the 18th century; |

|30 June 1952 |Gladstone’s reform of duty on wines and spirits after 1860 and the introduction of off-licences making wine more accessible; the destruction of |

| |French vineyards by Phylloxera after 1870 and the rarity of wine; the current [1952] expensiveness of wine and the small number of people who could |

| |afford it. |

|The Office of Clerk of a Livery Company |Historical aspects of office of clerk; indispensability of the offices of clerk and beadle to each Company; beadles becoming Clerks in the 16th |

|H.W. Keith Calder |century; growth of clerks due to increased Company business from 16th century; duties and salaries of clerks; various fellowships of Company clerks; |

|30 September 1952 |position of clerks in 1952. |

|Notes on Some of the Guild Churches of the |Numbers of City churches from medieval times onwards; destruction of many in 1666 Fire of London and subsequently, and in the Second World War; list |

|City of London |of the 16 Guild Churches designated in the post-War reorganisation; details of 6 of these: All Hallows London Wall, St Botolph Without Aldersgate, St|

|Sir Frederick Tidbury-Beer |Andrew Holborn, St Margaret Pattens, St Benet Paul’s Wharf, St Dunstan in the West; appendices of lists of churches not rebuilt after the 1666 Fire |

|29 December 1952 |of London, those demolished between 1666 and 1939, pre-Fire churches existing in 1939, Wren’s churches existing in 1939 and other churches existing |

| |in 1939, with annotation as to those destroyed in the Second World War. |

|The City and the Crown |Old English kingship and the elective principle; Londoners’ perceived rights in this process; medieval kingship and the evolution of hereditary |

|Deputy J. Lionel P. Denny MC, JP |succession; London’s crucial role in the accessions of Edward IV and Richard III; the accession proclamation; signing the accession proclamation; the|

|30 March 1953 |proclamation in the City; Coronation ceremonies; the Coronation banquet; the Lord Mayor in Westminster Abbey; the Royal entry; 20th century |

| |Coronations. |

|The Foyle Fishery Case |The Irish Society’s legal battle in the High Court of Justice, Dublin, in 1948 to put a stop to extensive poaching of the Society’s fisheries in |

|T.E. Chester Barratt MA, LL.B |Northern Ireland by poachers based in Eire; details of the intricacies of the legal case, which turned into the Society’s defence of its right to the|

|29 June 1953 |fisheries; doctrine of historical impossibility and invoking of Magna Carta; the Society’s attempt to prove its uninterrupted possession of the |

| |fishery and the unfortunate wording of the Society’s 1662 charter; the Bishop of Derry’s fishings since 1676; the Society’s loss of the case, but the|

| |positive outcome of this; establishment of the Joint Ulster-Eire Fishery Board to clear out the poachers and control the fishery, which could never |

| |have happened without the legal case. |

|Gog and Magog |Giants in folklore; use of giants in City pageants from 1413; use of giants in pageants in other English cities in the Middle Ages; use of the names |

|P.E. Jones LL.B, F.R.Hist.S. |Gogmagog and Corineus for the City giants from the mid-16th century, to recall the legendary foundation of London by Brutus as New Troy; the legend |

|30 November 1953 |of Gogmagog and Corineus; corruption of the names to Gog and Magog by 1700; setting up of the figures in Guildhall in 1672 and again by Richard |

| |Saunders in 1709; work and life of Saunders; destruction of the figures in the bombing of 29 December 1940; replacement of them at the expense of Sir|

| |George Wilkinson by David Evans FRBS; details of Evans’s other work; details of the new figures, then [1953] about to be temporarily moved for the |

| |restoration of the Guildhall roof. |

|Blackfriars Bridge |London Bridge the only crossing until the 18th century; Corporation’s opposition to proposed bridges at Vauxhall, 1721, Putney, 1729 and Westminster,|

|P.E. Jones LL.B, F.R.Hist.S. |1736 as Conservators of the River Thames; its promotion of an Act for a Blackfriars Bridge in 1756; tolls and the financing of the Bridge (not |

|29 March 1954 |initially Bridge House); Robert Myle’s design; bridge opened 1769; technical problems; access roads across St George’s Fields and their subsequent |

| |development; removal of toll 1785; repairs in 1833; damage caused by scouring due to building of new London Bridge 1825-1831; Cubitt’s new |

| |Blackfriars Bridge, built 1864-1869; opening by Queen Victoria 1869. |

|An Account of Some City Printers |Author’s attendance at festival in Mainz in 1940 to commemorate 500 of printing; printing in London since Caxton in the 15th century; office of City |

|The Rt. Hon. Lord Ebbisham TD |Printer from 16th century; selection of printed proclamations issued by the Corporation; unpopularity and excesses of Lord Mayor Henry Winchester, a |

|31 May 1954 |Stationer; long-standing family printing firms in the City; the author’s firm’s handling of numbering of bank-notes and printing of clothing coupons.|

|Water Supply of London |Water supply in the City since Roman times, from the Thames, springs and wells; the Great Conduit in Cheapside, built in 1274 supplied from Tyburn in|

|Col. W.W. Dove CBE, TD, DL |lead pipes and its maintenance; construction of other public conduits, some by charitable bequests, including Whittington’s; 16th century visits by |

|27 September 1954 |the Lord Mayor to the conduit heads at Tyburn, Paddington and Marylebone, and the erection of rooms for dinners, including the construction of the |

| |Lord Mayor’s Banqueting House, north of Oxford Street at the Tyburn conduit head; guild of Water Bearers from 1496; Peter Morice’s water wheel at |

| |London Bridge from 1582 and the London Bridge Water Works; Hugh Myddelton’s New River from Chadwell and Amwell in Hertfordshire and the New River |

| |Company, incorporated 1619; growth of water companies 17th-19th centuries; piped water; 20th century Water Board; discovery of Roman wooden water |

| |pipe at the Walbrook temple of Mithras. |

|The London Charterhouse |Sir Walter de Manny’s purchase of the site for the burial of plague victims in 1349 and the erection of a chapel on the ground; establishment of |

|Paul Paget |Carthusian monks on the site in 1371; layout of the monastery; detailed account of the rediscovery of Walter de Manny’s grave following the |

|17 January 1955 |destruction of the site by enemy action in the Second World War and his reburial; monastery sold by Henry VIII to Lord North in 1545; its destruction|

| |and the building of a palace from the remains; sale of the house to Thomas Sutton in 1611; foundation of Sutton’s Hospital and School under charter |

| |of James I. |

|Underground Waterways of London |Geology and geography of London area; springs and 17th-18th century fashionable spas; details of the Westbourne, Ty Bourne, Hole-bourne or Fleet and |

|Col. C.C.O. Whiteley OBE, MC, JP |Wall Brook or Walbrook, with special emphasis on the last two. |

|18 April 1955 | |

|The Surrender of the Sword |Common misconception of the Sovereign asking permission to enter the City; description of modern ceremony and its development since the 14th century;|

|P.E. Jones LL.B., F.R.Hist.S. |royal gifts of swords and their symbolism in London and elsewhere; the Swordbearer; descriptions of royal entries 16th – 19th centuries. |

|11 July 1955 | |

|The Development of Hall Marks on London Silver|Hallmarks and their introduction to England from France in 1300 for towns of origin; Goldsmiths’ Company to administer the system; makers’ marks |

|Plate |added 1363; date mark from 1478 and the reasons for it; alterations in marks, especially from 1697 when the silver plate shortage was addressed; |

|A. Charles Trinder MA |restoration of old sterling standard in 1720; new mark for duty 1784-1890; hallmarks for foreign plate; 20th century coronation marks; the necessity |

|14 November 1955 |of counting the spoons after this meeting! |

|The City Records |Historical imitations of access to the City’s archives; letters requesting access from Thomas Carlyle and Thomas Babington Macaulay MP; the |

|W.E. Sykes MC, JP |Corporation’s care and custody of the archives since the Middle Ages; the Town Clerk as Keeper of the Records since the 15th century; recent measures|

|30 January 1956 |to exclude atmospheric pollution; staff of the Records Office in 1956; scope of the records; publications; status of the Records Office. |

|The Silk Industry |Origins of sericulture in China in 2640 BC; its introduction into England in the 14th century; silk women in the City 14th – 16th century and their |

|Deputy S.R. Walker CBE |decline in the face of increasing industrialisation; Huguenot silk weavers in London in 17th century; developments in production culminating in the |

|30 April 1956 |Jacquard loom in the early 19th century; silk manufacture moving out of London after 1773; blow to British manufacture after introduction of free |

| |trade in 1860; use of silk in First World War and concentration of 90% of raw silk production being in Japanese hands in 1939; introduction of nylon |

| |and rayon as silk substitutes; last English producer of silk. |

|The City Justices and Justice Rooms |Responsibility of Aldermen for peace and good order in their Wards; Lord Mayors as Keepers of the Peace and development of Aldermen as ex officio |

|Alderman C.J. Harman |JPs; possible origin of the Lord Mayor’s Justice Room in the 15th century; history and description of the Mansion House and Guildhall Justice Rooms |

|29 October 1956 |and the types of cases heard in them; the current excellence of the Aldermen as JPs. |

|The Swordbearer |Swordbearer as first Esquire to the Lord Mayor; origins lost in history, but certainly in evidence in the early 15th century; appointment of |

|T. Kingsley Collett CBE |office-holder by various bodies until his nomination became a perquisite of the Lord Mayor; fees of the office up to the early 19th century; duties, |

|31 December 1956 |authority and customs associated with the office; list of Swordbearers. |

| |[First meeting of the GHA at the Mansion House, according to text.] |

|The History of the Thames Watermen |Long history of watermen and lightermen on the Thames; Royal use of them; Acts to regulate them from the 16th century; Lord Mayor’s water procession |

|Ian E. Philp |introduced in 1454; Watermen and Lightermen’s Company from 1559; types of boats, cargoes and work; threats to the trade from coaches from the 16th |

|29 April 1957 |century, bridges from the 18th century and steamers from the 19th century; Doggett’s Coat and Badge Race, established 1715; modern licensed watermen.|

|Royal Commissions and Committees of Enquiry |Forthcoming Royal Commission on the Government of the Metropolis; earlier Commissions, their recommendations and results: 1833 Municipal Corporations|

|Touching the Corporation of London |Commission, 1854 Commission on the Existing State of the Corporation of London, later Commissions in 1861, 1866, 1867 and 1884; establishment of the |

|Wentworth L Rowland |London County Council in 1889; 1893 Amalgamation of the City and County of London Commission; 1921 Commission; continuing uniqueness of the City. |

|30 December 1957 | |

|History of Inflation |Causes and inevitability of inflation; increase in prices from Babylonian times onwards; new supplies of gold and silver from the Americas into Spain|

|A.J. Osborn |in the 16th century and the enormous inflation caused by it; shortage of coin in the 17th century and adoption of paper money in the North American |

|31 March 1958 |colonies; paper currency inflation in the 17th century; French Revolution and paper money; financing of the First World War by inflation, followed by|

| |period of deflation in UK and America; disastrous inflation in Germany following the War; measures since then to control inflation; City’s historic |

| |role in the country’s economy. |

|Magna Carta |The recent return to the Corporation of an inspeximus of Magna Carta of 1300 by the Public Record Office in 1958; Magna Carta 1215 and its subsequent|

|Douglas R.H. Hill MA |re-issues; the City’s 1297 Magna Carta and other copies elsewhere in the world; the 1300 inspeximus and its background; the 1833 Municipal |

|30 June 1958 |Corporations Royal Commission and the ensuing copying of the City’s charters by Thomas Duffus Hardy; how the 1300 inspeximus went missing from the |

| |Corporation and ended up in the Public Record Office; the Corporation’s current care of its archives. |

|The Theatre and the City of London |Development of theatre in spite of, not because of, the Corporation’s opposition; growth of groups of players under patrons’ badges in the 16th |

|Alan S. Lamboll |century; conflict over regulation and suppression of plays between the Corporation and the Privy Council in the 16th century; control passed to the |

|30 September 1958 |Master of the Revels, a member of the Royal Household subordinate to the Lord Chamberlain’s in 1573; building of James Burbage’s Theatre outside the |

| |City in Shoreditch in 1576 and the Curtain Playhouse nearby in 1577; use of part of old Blackfriars Monastery as a theatre by the Master of the |

| |Revels; Henslowe’s Rose Theatre on Bankside, 1587; Swan Theatre, Old Paris Gardens, Bankside, 1593; the Globe Theatre, Bankside, 1597; Hope Theatre, |

| |Bankside, 1613; other theatres built before 1640; siting of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama near the site of the Dorset Gardens Theatre; |

| |Bernard Miles’s Mermaid Theatre at Puddle Dock [opened 1959]; Corporation’s reversal of its historic anti-theatrical stance in its future approval of|

| |a theatre in the new Barbican development. |

|Common Crier and Serjeant-at-Arms |Lord Mayor’s Esquires; the Crystal Sceptre and subsequent City maces, borne by the Serjeant-at-Arms, who also acted as Common Crier; |

|P.E. Jones LL.B., FSA |Serjeant-at-Arms’s house, duties and emoluments; use of maces in England since the Middle Ages; use of insignia in the City; list of office-holders. |

|29 December 1958 | |

|The Office of Sheriff of the City of London |Origin of the office as Saxon Portreeve in the eleventh century; royal charters relating to the shrievalty in the Middle Ages; historic and current |

|Major T. Guy F. Richardson, Deputy |shrieval elections and full details of their ceremonial; Under-Sheriffs; duties and role of the Sheriffs. |

|31 March 1959 | |

|The Barbican – In Retrospect |Continuing desolation of the Barbican area after the War; history of the area and the Ward of Cripplegate Without; details of the history of its six |

|Deputy Eric F Wilkins |principal streets: Barbican, Beech Street/Lane, Red Cross Street, Whitecross Street, Grub Street (now Milton Street) and Tenter Street; |

|29 June 1959 | |

|The Old Bailey |City’s gates used as prisons; seven centuries of appalling conditions in Newgate Gaol; Whittington’s Newgate and subsequent charitable bequests to |

|Victor Durand QC |the gaol; flagrant breaches of regulations and extortion by keepers and turnkeys; the adjacent Sessions House; George Dance’s new gaol and sessions |

|31 August 1959 |house in the 1770s; Gordon Riots 1780; public executions move from Tyburn to outside Newgate in 1784 until abolished in 1868; reforms in punishments |

| |and prisons; new Sessions House 1907; current crime levels and work of the Old Bailey. |

|City of London Police |Brief history of City policing since 1066; watch and ward and constables; 1737 Act and nightly watch and its influence on Peel’s Metropolitan Police |

|C.F. Lewis |Force, 1829; attempts to amalgamate the City’s police with it strenuously resisted by the Corporation; City of London Police Act 1839; buildings and |

|1 December 1959 |establishment; Houndsditch Murders and Siege of Sydney Street, 1910; traffic lights, 1930; inter-force communications; Second World War; organisation|

| |of and changes in City Police since 1949; women PCs; mounted police; dogs; cadets; specialist branches, including Fraud Squad; current difficulties |

| |in recruitment. |

|City Street Names |Oddities in City street names; those inspired by City defences, streams, markets, religious houses, geography, trades and crafts, property owners, |

|H.T. Pike |famous people, royalty and inn signs; ad hoc process of street naming in Middle Ages and since. |

|29 February 1960 | |

|City Banqueting |Long City history of feasts and good cheer; Livery Company dinners; Mayor’s feasts in their own homes before Mansion House built; Audit and |

|Alderman Robert I. Bellinger |Lighting-Up Dinners; famous Corporation dinners; royal entertainments in the City. |

|30 May 1960 | |

|Development, Organisation and Administration |Port of London Authority since 1908; personnel, constitution and work of the PLA respecting Thames conservancy and operation of the closed docks; |

|of the Port of London |staff of the PLA, including the Dock Labour force; engineering works and development; Second World War damage and its aftermath; finances of the PLA;|

|T. Kingsley Collett CBE |trade in the Port of London and table of tonnages handled since 1931, including some specific commodities. |

|29 August 1960 | |

|The Growth of London |Growth of London, especially the initial expansion outside the City walls in Tudor times; area of the Bills of Mortality; 16th and 17th century maps |

|P.E. Jones LL.B., FSA |and surveys; paving of roads; population and density; main causes of growth; efforts to limit growth and their lack of effect; effects of the growth |

|7 November 1960 |of London; comparison with recent Royal Commission limiting the size of London, and the probability of yet further growth. |

|From a Street Corner in Farringdon |Imaginative account of what might have passed before a person standing at the corner of Newgate Street and Old Bailey at various times from Roman |

|Dudley S. Game |times; Smithfield and St Bartholomew’s Hospital; jousts at Smithfield; Bartholomew Fair; the meat market; burning of heretics; Holborn Viaduct; |

|30 January 1961 |Central Criminal Court; public executions outside Newgate Gaol until 1868; Elizabeth Fry; Newgate Market; Christ Church, Newgate; famous occupants of|

| |the area. |

|The City of London School |John Carpenter’s bequest 1442, and its enunciation in the will of John Don, 1477; Warren Stormes Hale and the establishment of the City of London |

|David L. Clackson MBE |School in Milk Street in 1837; School’s successes; scholarships and benefactions; move to Embankment in 1883; recent suggestions to rusticate the |

|29 May 1961 |school; playing fields; current successes. |

|Charles Dickens 1812-1870 |Brief biography of Charles Dickens based on John Forster’s biography. |

|Major Stanley W. Wells MBE | |

|31 July 1961 | |

|The Crypt of Guildhall |Building and alterations to the Great Hall of Guildhall since 1411; precursors of the 1411 Guildhall; suggests that the then ruined western crypt was|

|P.E. Jones LL.B., FSA |under the pre-1411 Guildhall, and that the 1411 Guildhall was an extension, not a new-build, of the former Guildhall eastwards, with evidence and |

|30 October 1961 |plan; collapse of west crypt in Fire of London 1666; evidence that the western crypt was built before the eastern and the Great Hall; plea from the |

| |author not to damage the western crypt further when the new Guildhall buildings facing Aldermanbury are being built, and to look out for the |

| |foundations mentioned by Stow when work was under way. |

| |[Note at end of article that the Court of Common Council agreed to restore the west crypt on 19 June 1969.] |

|The Chamber of London |Examples of the work of Chamberlains of London since the 14th century; the common round of a mid-20th century Chamberlain’s work; ceremonial and |

|Sir Irving Gane KCVO |outside engagements; change in office hours; Chamberlain as banker and treasurer and his direct access to the Bank of England; Chamberlain’s Court, |

|29 January 1962 |City Freedom and Livery Company matters; plate indenture; historic problems of Chamberlain’s such as military expenditure in the 17th century; the |

| |Great Fire of London 1666 and the coal duty; précis of the position of the Chamberlain. |

|William Shakespeare – Citizen and Player |Shakespeare in London from about 1592; conjecture about the “lost years” 1584-1592; London’s theatrical context; Shakespeare living in St Helen’s |

|Roland Champness MA, LL.M., FSA |Bishopsgate c. 1596-1599; moving of Burbage’s theatre from Shoreditch to Bankside as The Globe; growing success; living with the Mountjoys in St |

|30 April 1962 |Olave’s Cripplegate; his purchase of the gatehouse of the old Blackfriars priory (conveyance held by Guildhall Library); his will, death and burial |

| |at Stratford; the publication of his plays and his reputation. |

|The Coal Market |Current feelings on the recent demolition of the Coal Exchange; various locations of coal marketing; wealth and nature of coal trade; Corporation’s |

|Alderman J. Lionel P. Denny MC |purchase of the Coal Exchange under Act of Parliament of 1803, and free market thereafter; building of Bunning’s new Coal Exchange in 1848; war |

|23 November 1962 |damage to the building; subsequent make-do-and-mend; changes in the coal trade overtaking the need for a central coal exchange; proposals to demolish|

| |the building for road improvements and detailed account of the fight to prevent it or re-locate the building; possibility of future criticism of the |

| |Corporation for destroying a Bunning masterpiece and comparison with Temple Bar, which has “raised its head again and again”. |

|London: A City of Strangers (The Provincial |Relatively short span of medieval merchant families in London compared to the Continental cities, and causative factors; substantial immigration from|

|Element in Business) |the provinces to London a vital necessity and how it happened; the enormous numbers of successful immigrants and examples; trades linked to places; |

|Deputy Cuthbert Skilbeck |county societies in London; Yorkshire families continuing links in London, including the Skilbecks. |

|31 December 1962 | |

|The History of Guildhall Museum |Foundation of Museum in 1826 and its subsequent development; wartime evacuation of exhibits; post-war increase in collections due to redevelopment |

|John G. Gapp DL |and archaeology, but Museum space colonised by Guildhall Library bookstacks to maintain library service; temporary measures; 1912 Cheapside jewellery|

|29 April 1963 |hoard and Treasure Trove laws in the City; excavations at the Temple of Mithras, Bucklersbury; Bucklersbury mosaic pavement; Livery Company |

| |collections; touring exhibitions; details of the then impending merger between the Guildhall Museum and the London Museum to form the Museum of |

| |London. |

|Aleconners |Election at Common Hall at Midsummer each year of 4 aleconners; office a sinecure since at least 1755 and no duties; medieval assize of ale and |

|Alderman Sir Denis H. Truscott GBE, TD |origin of aleconners; growth of beer-making from the 14th century; attempts to regulate the trade through City Companies; John Stow a 16th century |

|29 July 1963 |aleconner; Surveyors of Ale and Beer united in 16th century; diminishing income of aleconners from late 18th century; aleconners in manors elsewhere;|

| |constitutional oddities illustrated by the history of the aleconners. |

|1963 One Hundred Years of the Circle Line (or |Opening of the first underground railway in the world in 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon Street, conceived by Charles Pearson, Common |

|The City Solicitor’s Dream Come True) |Councilman, MP and City Solicitor 1839-1862; brief biography of Pearson and his achievements; unfulfilled dream of City rail terminus in the Fleet |

|Deputy H.W. Keith Calder CBE |valley for all trains into London; Pearson’s work towards the Circle line instead, to link all the London termini and relieve traffic congestion |

|2 October 1963 |above ground; similarity of London then and now; current digging of the new Victoria Line tunnels. |

|City Waits |Great popularity of music in medieval London; origin of waits in the 13th century as watchmen or guards; role in Midsummer Marching Watch; transition|

|Alan Lamboll |into musicians in the 15th century; pay, duties and silver chains, 14th -1 17th centuries; instruments and personnel; sale of offices in the 18th |

|30 December 1963 |century; waits allowed to run down; last wait died in 1845. |

|Notes on the History of the Corporation of |Origins lost in time; Trinity Houses elsewhere in the UK and their purpose; connections with the City from 16th century; royal charters and |

|Trinity House, London |development of London Trinity House from 16th century; Elder and Younger Brethren and compulsory pilotage of shipping in London approach waters from |

|Sir Gilbert Davis, Bt. |1604 Charter; lighthouse jurisdiction; Commonwealth dissolution and Restoration reconstitution; Samuel Pepys’s links with Trinity House and his |

|6 April 1964 |foundation of the Mathematical School at Christ’s Hospital in 1673; role in the 1797 Nore Mutiny and 1803 threatened French invasion; lighthouse |

| |monopoly since 1836; current work and role of Trinity House. |

|The Wooden Giants of Fleet Street |Two giants which strike the clock bells at the church of St Dunstan in the West; brief history of the church and environment; Thomas Harrys’s new |

|Lt-Col W.W. Dove CBE, TD, DL |clock on the church in 1671, the first to have minute as well as hour hands, and its fame throughout London; the clock in literature; church rebuilt |

|29 June 1964 |in 1830 when Fleet Street widened, and clock sold to 3rd Marquis of Hereford for his new house, St Dunstan’s, in what became Regent’s Park; clock |

| |removed, repaired and restored to church by Lord Rothermere in 1935, the author’s firm removing and re-erecting it; details of the condition of the |

| |clock and necessary repairs; the giants’ favourable comparison with the Guildhall’s new Gog and Magog; album of photographs of the restoration given |

| |to Guildhall Library. |

|Without the Walls |Why the City’s jurisdiction did not expand to the whole Metropolis, in the light of the impending creation of the Greater London Council; forces |

|George M. Vine |historically diminishing the power of the Corporation; Royal Commission on Municipal Corporations, 1837; 17th century expansion westwards, especially|

|31 August 1964 |after Fire of London in 1666; speculative builders; waves of new building and factors affecting expansion; factors against the Corporation’s |

| |expansion of jurisdiction; 19th century Royal Commissions, their recommendations and the Corporation’s responses; new municipal reforms of 1965. |

|Transatlantic Threads |Links between London citizens and America from the 16th century; the foundation of the Virginia Colony at Jamestown in 1607; Virginia Company and the|

|Alderman Gilbert S. Inglefield TD, MA |Common Council’s sending of poor and vagrant children to Virginia in 1618-1619; 18th century transportation and indentured servants sent from London |

|30 November 1964 |to America; London tea-merchant’s link with the Boston Tea-Party; City’s support for the American rebels in 1775. |

|The Guildhall Art Gallery |Growth of Guildhall Art Galleries collections from the 22 Fire Judges’ portraits commissioned by the Corporation from Joseph Michael Wright c. 1672 |

|Deputy Cuthbert Skilbeck |and their subsequent history; commissions and benefactions to the Permanent Collection; foundation of the Guildhall Art Gallery in 1885 under Sir |

|29 March 1965 |Alfred Temple; enormous success of his loan exhibitions in 1890 and 1892; further acquisitions; Second World War destruction of the Art Gallery; |

| |post-war make-do-and-mend and temporary exhibitions; brief résumé of the best items in the Permanent Collection; loans of pictures; plan for an art |

| |gallery in the proposed Barbican Centre. |

|The City Marshal |3rd Ceremonial Officer of the Lord Mayor’s Household; City Marshal first appointed in 1589 to apprehend vagabonds; wider duties of two City Marshals |

|Deputy Cyril F. Lewis CBE |relating to law and order from the early 17th century; marshalmen and 18th century disputes as to their appointment; election in Court of Common |

|31 May 1965 |Council, admission in Court of Aldermen from 1778 and duties since then, both in law enforcement and ceremonial duties; unification of office into |

| |one person from 1862; current duties; list of office-holders since 1589. |

|The Drinking Habits at Greek and Roman |Development of the culinary arts in ancient Greece; dining habits and furniture; design of drinking cups; etiquette; oblations and dedications of |

|Banquets |successive cups of wine to the gods; wreaths and perfumes associated with wine-drinking; toasts; president of the feast; richer wines with desserts; |

|A.J.B. Rutherford CBE |Pliny the Younger’s description of a cheap-skate’s dinner; continuation of many ancient usages today. |

|30 November 1965 | |

|New Light on the Great Fire |Grand plans for the aftermath of the fire not practical for the City merchant; private rebuilding after the Fire; Mills, Hooke and Oliver appointed |

|P.E. Jones OBE, LL.B., FSA |surveyors under the Rebuilding Act 1667; brief biographies of the three; their work; Mills’ and Oliver’s surveys now in Guildhall Library; private |

|31 January 1966 |sector rebuilding substantially complete by 1671; difference in speed of rebuilding between 1666 and 1946; lack of insurance in 1666; the Fire Court |

| |and its Decrees; use of these in proving Corporation title to parcels of land currently. |

|Royal Occasions: How the City Greeted Monarchs|Concentrates on royal entries of Henry V after Agincourt in 1415 and Charles II’s birthday entrance on the Restoration in 1660; a sketch of the City |

|in the 15th and 17th Centuries |in 1415; celebrations of the victory at Agincourt from the moment it was announced; Henry V’s journey from Dover; very detailed account of City of |

|Norman L. Hall MBE, LL.B. |London’s 1415 pageant; differences in the City by 1660, despite similarity of route; Restoration procession and celebrations in 1670. |

|31 October 1966 | |

|College Hill |Curious numbering of premises in College Hill; historically one of the more important streets, linking the southern pair of the four main east/west |

|Ralph W. Peacock MA |routes through the City (Thames Street and Watling Street); rich area in the Middle Ages, occupied by Whittington; description of the area; |

|29 December 1966 |foundation of Whittington College, St Michael Paternoster Royal, 1424-1548; developments and successive houses on the site of Whittington’s house; |

| |Turners’ Hall and Almshouses; Mercers’ School House; Tower Royal. |

|The Ceremony of the Quit Rent Services |Quit rent ceremony the oldest in England after the Coronation; Corporation payment of the quit rent to the Crown for a piece of waste ground called |

|(Royal Courts of Justice, Court X (Judges’ |the Moors in Shropshire and a tenement called the Forge in the parish St Clement Danes for past 750 years, paid in early times by sub-tenants; |

|Quadrangle): Thursday October 21st 1965 |historic ceremonial of Lord Mayor and retinue going to Court of Exchequer in Westminster by boat to pay the quit rent; from 1859, rendered to Queen’s|

|Address by the Queen’s Remembrancer, Master |Remembrancer, by Comptroller and City Solicitor, not in the presence of the Lord Mayor again until 1965; brief history of the Queen’s Remembrancer; |

|[Claude] Grundy) |details of the land relating to the quit rent, firstly in the parish of Erdington, two miles north of Bridgenorth, Shropshire, and the historic |

|Lt-Col and Alderman Sir Ian Bowater DSO, TD |payments of the quit rent of one weak/blunt and one sharp knife (later a billhook and hatchet) for it, secondly Walter le Brun’s forge in the Strand |

|30 January 1967 |(near Australia House site) from 1235, at rent of 6 horseshoes and nails per annum, the same 6 horseshoes and 61 nails having been used by the |

| |Corporation to pay the rent for 560 years; |

|New Court – St Swithin’s Lane |History of one piece of Corporation property (currently HQ of Rothschild’s merchant bank, New Court, St Swithin’s Lane, there since 1809) which has |

|Deputy T.E. Chester Barratt CBE, MA, LL.B. |been in its hands for six centuries; details of ownership of the property 1346-1359, when the Corporation acquired it; details of tenants since 1359;|

|31 July 1967 |plan of property in 1772; possibility of such site pedigrees to be compiled from the records of the City Lands and Bridge House preserved at |

| |Guildhall. |

|The Office of City Remembrancer |Imminent retirement of the present Remembrancer, Sir Paul Davie; brief biography of Thomas Norton, first Remembrancer, appointed in 1571; initial |

|P.E. Jones OBE, LL.B., FSA |duties of the office; Elizabeth I’s patronage of the second Remembrancer, Dr. Giles Fletcher; the Remembrancia; attempts by the Court of Aldermen to |

|30 October 1967 |abolish the post in the mid-17th century; sale of office in 18th century; 20th century Remembrancers, including a thumb-nail sketch of the then |

| |Remembrancer, Sir Paul Davie; list of office-holders. |

|Reconstruction of the Guildhall, in Particular|Guildhall roofs 1411-1666, 1668-1864, 1864-1940, 1941-1953 and Sir Giles Gilbert Scott’s new roof, built 1953-1954; irregularity of existing columns;|

|the Roof 1953-54 |necessity and engineering details of strengthening foundations of columns before new roof could be built; all work done between Lord Mayor’s Days; |

|Alderman the Rt. Hon. Lord Mais OBE, ERD, TD, |account of the roof-building; keenness of workmen to work on Guildhall, even without productivity bonuses. |

|DL | |

|29 January 1968 | |

|The Changing City |The City as a market; changing its skin every 120 years: the increasing size of buildings and building phases; impact of railways; in 1945 one third |

|Peter A. Revell-Smith |of the City in ruins; to expedite redevelopment, Corporation in 1968 owned one tenth of the City; redevelopment units and new roads; major changes |

|29 April 1968 |and future trends: offices replacing warehouses, increasing specialisation in financial sector; increase of containerisation instead of barge |

| |traffic, improvements in electronic communications; some predictions for the future. |

|The Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange |Baltic’s uniqueness as an international shipping exchange; dealing by word of mouth; location and building; business undertaken in the Baltic |

|Alderman Charles Trinder MA |Exchange, comprising shipping, dealing in grain, oilseeds and oils and aircraft chartering; importance of the Baltic Exchange and the experience of |

|29 July 1968 |those working on it. |

|The Whitbread Story – The History of the |Background and biography of Samuel Whitbread and his setting up of his brewery in 1742; brewing in the Chiswell Street area; Whitbread’s use of the |

|Chiswell Street Brewery |latest in engineering innovations; royal visit by George III and Queen Charlotte; Samuel Whitbread II and his partnership with Martineau and Bland of|

|Deputy Cuthbert Skilbeck |Lambeth; subsequent family members in the business; links with mayoralty coach and horses. |

|31 December 1968 | |

|A Friend of Liberty |Brief biography of John Wilkes and his civic and political career; The North Briton and Wilkes’ arrest for seditious libel; his repeated clashes with|

|Alderman Sir Edward Howard Bt. |government and his popularity; 1769 his most important year; Wilkes as a Liveryman, Alderman, Sheriff, Lord Mayor and Chamberlain; mellowing with |

|31 March 1969 |age; summary of his character and accomplishments; the then current exhibition on him at the British Museum. |

|The Courts Leet in Southwark |Vestiges of the Corporation’s jurisdiction in Southwark; keeping of the Peace in Southwark from 14th century; brief history of the City’s |

|Ralph W. Peacock MA |jurisdiction in Southwark, especially the 1550 charter and the passing of the manors to the City; very detailed account of the procedure of Courts |

|30 June 1969 |Leet; incipient publication of [David Johnson’s] book [Southwark and the City]. |

|Billingsgate |Earliest origins of Billingsgate Market as a general market in the roomland adjacent to the wharf; Queenhithe v. Billingsgate in the early medieval |

|Samuel Sheppard OBE |period; constant river and land traffic congestion; ferry from Billingsgate to Gravesend; bum-boats; author’s personal recollections of Billingsgate |

|5 November 1969 |Market since 1918. |

|The Office of Deputy Keeper of the Records |Town Clerk as Keeper of the Records; background to the establishment of the office of what became the Deputy Keeper of the Records in 1860-1875; RR |

|P.E. Jones OBE, LL.B., FSA [Deputy Keeper of |Sharpe and AH Thomas, the first 2 office-holders; personal recollections of the author; the expansion of his office beyond the Town Clerk’s |

|the Records] |Department; the work of the archivist; the Corporation as an archive authority; Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section and the Corporation of London |

|17 March 1970 |Records Office; author’s opinions on the possible future amalgamation of the two. |

|Fraud in Companies and Firms |Author’s experience in the field of bankruptcy; types of fraud and examples of real cases, current and historic. |

|Alderman Kenneth Cork | |

|29 June 1970 | |

|The Day the Bus Jumped the Bridge |Development of the larger legend; London bus becomes stuck across the opening bascules of Tower Bridge on 31 December 1952; press coverage; |

|Deputy T.E. Chester Barratt MA, LL.B. |aftermath; causes of the incident. |

|30 November 1970 | |

|The Charity that Never Asks for Money |Morden College, Blackheath, its building and establishment by John Morden, a City Goldsmith, in 1695; brief biography of John Morden; Court of |

|Colonel Sir Cullum Welch, Bt., OBE, MC |Aldermen as Trustees from 1884 and reasons for the change; maintenance of beneficiaries in College and as out-pensioners. |

|30 March 1971 | |

|The Southwark Comptor |City’s historic links with Southwark; prisons in Southwark; the City’s Compter in Southwark and its history since 1550; conditions in the Compter; |

|Wallis G.G. Hunt |rules and regulations; offences and inmates; establishment of the Metropolitan Police in 1840 and subsequent cessation of the Aldermen sitting as |

|7 July 1971 |Justices in Southwark; end of the Compter in 1852 and its demolition in 1855. |

|Sounds that Hurt Not |Public musical concerts in the City from their beginnings in 17th century City inns; private concerts and patrons; Restoration recital halls; 18th |

|Alderman Sir Gilbert Inglefield GBE, TD, MA, |century popularity of opera and establishment of concert halls; standards of singing and playing; ideal design of a concert hall; current development|

|D.Sc. |of Barbican Arts Centre. |

|24 November 1971 | |

|The Gates of the City A Method of Defence |City walls and their history, in London and elsewhere; gates and posterns in London’s City wall; defence measures in the Middle Ages; the gates in |

|Alderman Hugh Wontner CVO |use for defence and celebrations, residences and prisons; Liberties without the walls; Temple Bar; the sale of gates in the 18th century. |

|31 January 1972 | |

|The City of London School – Some Early |Sir Polydore de Keyser’s gift of fruit on the move of the School to Victoria Embankment in 1883; John Carpenter and his bequests; brief history of |

|Benefactions |the School’s establishment; Alderman David Salomon’s fight to be admitted as an Alderman and his bequest; Baron Lionel de Rothschild’s scholarship; |

|Deputy A.G. Coulson MA, LL.B. |Henry Beaufoy’s benefactions; The Times scholarship and how it came about in detail in 1840. |

|31 July 1972 | |

|Mayoral Heraldry |Earliest grant of arms by a King of Arms to the Drapers’ Company in 1439; symbolism of arms and their appropriateness to the grantee; canting arms; |

|A. Colin Cole BCL, MA |changes to London Citizens’ arms as they advanced in their civic careers; concentration on the period 1790-1850; examples of arms and inclusion of |

|30 October 1972 |Crystal Sceptre and Mayoral insignia in them; recent Lord Mayors’ arms. |

|Some Bridge House Estates in Deptford |Deptford in history; its development from the time of Henry VIII; establishment of Trinity House and Naval Dockyard there; Peter the Great of |

|Deputy Dudley S Game |Russia’s visit to Deptford and the dockyards; establishment of the Royal Victualling Yard in 1742; John Evelyn and his introduction of Grinling |

|29 January 1973 |Gibbons to Sir Christopher Wren; Pepys’ mentions of Deptford; brief account of the origin of the Bridge House Estates; Bridge House Estates in |

| |Lewisham, Ladywell and Brockley; John Clifford’s bequest of “le Christopher on le Hoop” (later the Dover Castle) an inn in Deptford; the Swan; the |

| |Royal Oak (later the Centurion); land near the Earl’s Sluice on the Rotherhithe side of Deptford; sale of most of the Bridge House lands in Deptford |

| |to various dock and navigation companies in the 19th century. |

|Royal Hospitals in the City of London |Thomas Vicary and the union of the Barbers’ and the Surgeons’ Companies in 1540; pre-Reformation religious houses for the care of the sick; |

|Sir Lionel Denny GBE, MC, D.Sc. |establishment of St Bartholomew’s, Bethlem, Christ’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and Bridewell, and their histories since the mid-16th century; |

|19 July 1973 |expenditure and governance of them by the Corporation; King Edward’s School, Witley; 1946 National Health Service Act; the current situation. |

|The Lord Mayor’s Banquet |History of the ceremonial and celebration accompanying the admission of each new Lord Mayor of London; Lord Mayors’ banquets attended by the |

|Alderman Sir Hugh Wontner CVO |Sovereign; security; food and drink; entertainments; toasts; invitation cards and menus. |

|29 October 1973 | |

|The Ward of Bread Street |Common background of all Wards in the City; brief history of Bread Street Ward and its boundaries; Assize of Bread and bread trade in the ward; |

|Alderman H. Murray Fox MA |Goldsmith’s Row, Cheapside; inns during the 16th and early 17th centuries; Livery Company halls in the ward; Admiral Phillip, 1st Governor of New |

|29 April 1974 |South Wales, Australia and his links with the ward; effects of the industrial revolution after 1750 and the textile trade in the Ward up to 1940; |

| |subsequent dominance of financial institutions; railways and electoral reform; detailed account of the Bread Street Wardmote of 1836. |

|The City’s Cash Account of 1632-33 |Corporation’s finances as Bridge House, City’s Cash and Rates Funds; earliest surviving City’s Cash account for 1632-33; 17th century accounting |

|J.M. Keith TD [Chief Commoner] |procedures; the Orphans’ Fund; debts due to the City; income, mostly from property; disbursements; other headings within the account; serious |

|30 July 1974 |financial difficulties of the Chamber at the time. |

|The Place of Pewter in History |Definitions of pewter and differences between different kinds; prehistoric and Roman use of metals; uses of pewter from the Middle Ages; Pewterers’ |

|Deputy Ralph W. Peacock CBE, MA |Company from the 14th century and its powers; causes of the disappearance of old pewter; decrease of pewter from 18th century; modern commemorative |

|18 September 1974 |pewter, |

|Whittington’s Longhouse |Longhouse (public toilet) and almshouses over it in Vintry Ward, one of the lesser-known of Richard Whittington’s benefactions; structure of the |

|Alderman Alan Lamboll JP |longhouse and tenants of almshouses until early 17th century, when the almshouses were probably converted into warehousing; destruction in the 1666 |

|29 April 1975 |Fire of London and John Oliver’s sketch of the longhouse; reduction in size after the Fire; Ward complaints to the Corporation for not maintaining |

| |the terms of Whittington’s bequest in late 17th century; Viewers’ report describing it in 1690; lessees of the site and the gradual disappearance of |

| |the public convenience; post-World War II redevelopment and the disappearance of the site, which was on the doorstep of the new Public Cleansing |

| |Depot; sketch plan of the longhouse, 1671. |

| |[This article, by PE Jones, was first published in the London Topographical Record vol. XXIII, pp. 27-34 and the GHA acknowledges the London |

| |Topographical Society’s permission to reproduce it.] |

|The Court of Husting |Court of Husting Meeting on 5 November 1974; history of the Court from the 10th century; business of the Court in medieval times and its gradual |

|Norman L. Hall MBE, LL.B. |decrease in use due to changes in law over the centuries; advantages of registration of deeds in Court of Husting; land registration; enrolment of |

|29 July 1975 |wills in the Court of Husting; fire in Royal Exchange in 1838 and destruction of enrolments 1717-1838. |

|The Civic and Financial City |Changes to the City over the past century; striking decline in resident population and its causes; development of financial services with the |

|Alderman Sir Robert Bellinger GBE D.Sc. |Industrial Revolution and development of the British Empire; changes in local government; the City as an independent financial centre; the 20th |

|30 September 1975 |century and the effects of two world wars; the author’s opinions about convergence of civic and financial aspects of the City if the City is to |

| |survive and prosper in the then current political context. |

|Dr Reginald R. Sharpe DCL and the |History of record-keeping within the Corporation from the 13th century; work of William Turner Alchin in the 1840s; appointment of RR Sharpe as the |

|Establishment of the Corporation of London |first archivist 1876-1914 and the background to the appointment; the ordeal of the interviewing process; duties and office-holders since 1876; brief |

|Records Office |biography of Sharpe and his character; conditions for researchers and staff and Sharpe’s complaints; his prodigious output and the debt owed to him |

|Betty R. Masters BA, FSA |by his successors. |

|29 June 1976 |[Adapted from a longer article, “Local Archivist 1876-1914: Dr Reginald R Sharpe”, Journal of the Society of Archivists, vol. 5, pp. 275-282.] |

|Jubilee Celebrations 1809-1935 |Religious origins of the word “jubilee”; first use in a UK royal context in 1809 for 50th anniversary of the accession of George III; unpopularity of|

|Betty R. Masters BA, FSA |this jubilee in some quarters; details of Queen Victoria’s 1887 and 1897 jubilees; George V’s 25 year jubilee in 1935; forthcoming 25 year jubilee of|

|29 March 1977 |Queen Elizabeth II in 1977. |

|The Royal Contract Estates |Importance of land and property to the Corporation; pre-eminence of its City Lands Committee; the Chamber of London as Royal banker; royal debt to |

|James Mansfield Keith TD |the City at £350,000 by 1627/28; Royal Contract and the transfer of royal land to the Corporation to sell in lieu of the debt; extent of Royal |

|28 June 1977 |Contract Estates throughout the country; new Committee to administer them; descriptions of estates in Leeds and Northumbria; Civil War affected scale|

| |of sales; final sales not made until beginning of 18th century; remaining estate (Conduit Mead, around New Bond Street). |

|The Commission of Lieutenancy 1617-1977 |History of the Commission itself, not the trained bands or militia from the first recorded commission in 1617; laying of foundations of modern |

|Deputy Sir Thomas Kingsley Collett CBE |Commission by 1662 Act; association of Aldermen with Commission; intervals between issuing of Commissions, and numbers of people on it from 17th |

|29 November 1977 |century to date; decrease in numbers requested by Edward VII; reforms in 1950s and 1960s, especially in 1967. |

|The Lost Library of the Barber Surgeons’ |Sale of the library to John Whiston in 1751 for £18 following the splitting of the Barbers from the Surgeons in 1745; detailed history of the library|

|Company of London and Dr Richard Mead |and its buildings 1440-1751; Whiston probably an agent for Dr Richard Mead (1673-1754); biography of Mead and sale of his library after his death. |

|Richard Theodore Beck FSA, FRIBA | |

|31 January 1978 | |

|The City and the Temples |Brief history of the Templars and the Temple; boundary disputes with the City of London; Temple’s transfer to the Hospitallers in 1324 and the start |

|James Mansfield Keith CBE, TD |of its occupation by lawyers of the Inner and Middle Temple until their dissolution on 1540; Temple charter 1608; jurisdictional and voting disputes |

|30 May 1978 |with the City; summary of modern responsibilities of Temple and City. |

|The Common Hunt and the Doghouse |Common Hunt the 3rd of the Lord Mayor’s Esquires until post abolished in 1807; duties; City’s rights of hunting in Essex; keeping and types of breed |

|Deputy Matthew Henry Oram TD, MA |of the City’s hounds since 14th century; locations of the Doghouse; Common Hunts additional duties as dog-catcher and –killer, especially in times of|

|31 October 1978 |plague; account of a 1562 hunt; venison warrants; disappearance of City’s hounds by mid-18th century; list of office-holders. |

|The Lord Mayor’s “View of the Thames” |4 existing boundary stones marking the limits of the City’s jurisdiction over the Thames Conservancy until 1857 at Staines, Leigh, Yantlett and |

|Alderman Sir Hugh Walter Kingwell Wontner GBE,|Upnor; maintenance of the stones through the centuries; Lord Mayor’s periodic visits (“views”) to the stones in great ceremony to maintain the |

|CVO, D.Litt. |jurisdiction; brief history of the Thames Conservancy and duties of Waterbailiff; Conservancy Courts; narrative descriptions of late 18th/early 19th |

|31 January 1979 |century views, especially that of 1796. |

|Richard Whittington |The popular story of Dick Whittington; recent research on him and the development of the legend; biography of Whittington, his business, municipal |

|Alan Seymour Lamboll |career and loans to the Crown; his property and liquid assets; his charitable benefactions, will and executors. |

|29 May 1979 | |

|The Development of the Post of City Architect |First appointment of the Master of the City’s Works and his duties 15th – 17th centuries; the challenge of rebuilding after the 1666 Fire of London; |

|and Planning Officer 1478-1965 |George Dance the Elder and Younger over 80 years in the post; William Mountague and his work 1816-1843; JB Bunning and his work 1843-1863; Horace |

|Deputy Richard Theodore Beck FSA, FRIBA |Jones and his work from1863; his successors to 1965. |

|31 October 1979 | |

|The Early History of the City’s Plate |Sir Crisp Gascoyne the first Lord Mayor to live at Mansion House in 1752; plate stored there since; annual plate indenture; growth of Corporation’s |

|Norman Harry Harding |plate 16th – early 18th century; bequests since 18th century; details of the Lord Mayor’s Collar of SS and jewel; former habit of refashioning plate;|

|29 January 1980 |famous pieces. |

|The History of Tower Bridge |Problems of limited Thames Crossings before the mid 19th century; tolls; proposals for new crossing east of London Bridge in later 19th century; |

|David Lawrence Clackson MBE, AE |construction of Tower Bridge 1886-1894 and its formal opening; the machinery; changes in river traffic; closure of high-level walkway in 1909; |

|29 April 1980 |current possibility of new crossing still further east. |

|Music in the City |City Waits; events leading to the foundation of what became the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1880; premises of the School; students and |

|Deputy Wilfrid Dewhirst |fees; Gresham Lectures; Corporation patronage for non-Corporation events. |

|30 September 1980 | |

|Life in the City in 1900 |Contrasts between then and 1981; types of buildings; street cleansing; office practice and equipment; telephones, trains and tube; holidays and |

|Alderman Ronald Arthur Ralph Hedderwick |excursions; cost of living; City Imperial Volunteers 1900; major civic buildings; clubs; Lloyd’s; the author’s opinions on the camaraderie of |

|31 March 1981 |business in the City in the past and the slipping standards of the present time. |

|The Wedding of the Prince of Wales: |The marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863; Corporation’s celebrations of the event and its historical |

|Celebrations in the City in 1863 |precedents since the 14th century; speed of arrangements; details of the City’s reception to the royal couple 7 March 1863; its gift to the bride; |

|Betty R Masters BA, FSA |commemorative medal; extension of buildings in Guildhall Yard for the ball of 8 June 1863; specially-made china for the event auctioned off |

|30 June 1981 |afterwards. |

|The Royal Marines and the City |Origin of the Corps in 1664; uniform; late 17th century Anglo-Dutch wars; drumming up recruits; City privileged regiments; nicknames; capture of |

|Deputy John Trevor Yates MBE |Gibraltar 1704; Royal Marines’ badge; Langham’s Charity for Soldiers and Sailors; Royal Marine (City of London) Reserve; post-World War II links with|

|29 September 1981 |the City. |

|The Post-War Planning of Public Houses with |Government attempts to control alcohol sales for 400 years; licences since 1552; changing numbers of public houses in the City; the Morris Committee |

|Particular Reference to the City of London |and reforms of 1944; Licensing Planning Committee, its duties and responsibilities; work of its City Sub-Committee since 1949; ratios of licensed |

|Bernard Joseph Brown CBE, JP |premises to population; drinking habits; the current situation. |

|30 March 1982 | |

|John Carpenter. A Famous Town Clerk 1417-1438 |John Carpenter, his life, times and the City context in which he lived; his compilation of Liber Albus; his executorship of the will of Richard |

|Deputy Alexander George Coulson MA, LL.B. |Whittington; rebuilding of Newgate Prison and Guildhall Library; Carpenter’s Children and the background to the establishment of the City of London |

|29 June 1982 |School. |

|Roman London and British India |The author’s view of the similarities between Roman London and British India; colonisation by armies of larger empires; revolts; overthrow. |

|Deputy Ralph Warren Peacock CBE, MA | |

|30 November 1982 | |

|82/86 Fenchurch Street – The Story of a Gift |Mountjoy’s Inn since the 12th century and its ownership by New College, Oxford, since 1391; tenants and occupiers since then, lack of damage to |

|Richard Saunders |property in 1666; 19th century redevelopment; new building in 1980. |

|29 March 1983 | |

|St Paul’s Bridge: The Project of a River |Thames crossings; proposals for a St Paul’s Bridge since 1852; Tower Bridge 1894; early 20th century ideas and objections; 1911 Act and architectural|

|Bridge Near St Paul’s Cathedral and the |competition for the proposed St Paul’s Bridge; relationship with Southwark Bridge; First World War and stoppage of work; new Act 1921; post-War costs|

|Effects it Had |and consultations; St Paul’s Cathedral safety concerns; post-1929 financial crisis; death of scheme; rehousing of Southwark residents affected by the|

|Colin Frederick Walter Dyer ERD |proposals and the Bridge House Estates working class housing south of the Thames. |

|31 May 1983 | |

|Swan Marking and Swan Upping |Natural history of the mute swan in England; royal ownership of the bird and grants of swans from the Crown; 16th and 17th century swan marks; price |

|Cuthbert Skilbeck |and prestige of swans; Dyers’ and Vintners’ Companies’ Royalty of a Game of Swans on the Thames; swan upping on the Thames every July by |

|29 November 1983 |representatives of the Queen, the Dyers’ and the Vintners’ Companies; conservation and the numbers of swans. |

|Smithfield Before the London Central Markets |Fitz Stephen’s Description of London, 1175, including Smoothfield and its horsefair; area covered; cattle market from 15th century; Smithfield as a |

|Betty R Masters OBE, BA, FSA |place of execution; Bartholomew Fair; numbers of animals sold and the nuisance caused; proposals for an Islington Market Bill 1834-1835 and the |

|29 May 1984 |Corporation’s establishment of a Markets Committee; 19th century improvements and proposals; Metropolitan Cattle Market opened at Copenhagen Fields, |

| |Islington in 1855 and operated by Corporation of London until 1963. |

|The Gordon Riots |Meeting in St George’s Fields on 2 June 1780 and procession through City to present Lord George Gordon’s petition to Parliament; mobs on 3 June; next|

|Alderman William Allan Davis |days of riots and destruction of Newgate and other prisons; end of riots by 10 June; reasons for riots beginning in Cripplegate; Roman Catholic |

|31 July 1984 |chapels and Irish residents there; Corporation’s measures against the violence; successive Roman Catholic churches in the City since 1780. |

|The First Mayor of London |Biography of Henry Fitz-Ailwyn and his antecedents; site of his house through the centuries; his business and membership of the Drapers’ Company; his|

|Harold Hobbs |heirs and descendants; problems of dating the first mayoralty. |

|30 October 1984 | |

|St Mary-Le-Bow Silver Plate 1550-1640 |Recent sale of 2 flagons from collection; St Mary Le Bow’s one of the finest collections of church plate possessed by a church anywhere in the world;|

|Reginald Thomas Dorrien Wilmot |origin of some of it in churches amalgamated with St Mary Le Bow; loss of church plate at Reformation; particular items and donors. |

|30 April 1985 | |

|The City and the Buffs |City’s unique rights respecting military recruitment and marching through the City; City Imperial Volunteers’ Freedom of the City in 1900; privileged|

|Alderman Sir Ronald Laurence Gardner-Thorpe |regiments; Buff’s origins and the English regiments in Holland in 16th and 17th centuries; the Holland Regiment established in 1665 and its status as|

|GBE, TD, DCL, DH |a privileged regiment from 1670; origin of the name “Buffs”; subsequent re-formations of the regiment; detailed antecedents of the Buffs and other |

|30 July 1985 |privileged regiments. |

|The Sewers Serving the City of London |Increase in pollution as medieval London grew; Commissions of Sewers from 15th century and their responsibilities; lack of co-ordinated measures; |

|Sir John Reader Welch Bt. MA |development of the water closet and its effect on sewerage systems; Metropolitan Commission from 1848 and cholera; establishment of Metropolitan |

|29 October 1985 |Board of Works in 1856; the Great Stink 1858 and Sir Joseph Bazalgette’s great work in building London’s new sewerage system 1856-1874; alterations |

| |to Bazalgette’s system since then. |

|Fishing on the Thames |City’s Thames Conservancy jurisdiction from 12th century; fish and fishing in the Thames from the Middle Ages; ordinances to regulate the fishery; |

|James R Sewell MA, FSA |nets and engines; Waterbailiff and his duties; Courts of Conservancy and appearances at them; Company of Free Fishermen; fishing boats; sale of fish |

|29 April 1986 |in the City and its markets. |

|The Abolition of the GLC and its Effects on |Loosening of Parliamentary control over local government from 1972; creation of Metropolitan Boroughs in 1974 and their relative wealth; decay of |

|the City |city centres leading to higher spending; party political conflicts and Ken Livingstone’s control of the Greater London Council in 1981; abolition of |

|Geoffrey William Rowley FIPM [Town Clerk] |the GLC in 1986; the London Residuary Body; former GLC responsibilities passed to the City, including planning, highways and traffic management, |

|29 July 1986 |building control, licensing of public entertainments, waste disposal, Museum of London, Greater London Record Office; statutory and voluntary |

| |associations created after the abolition relating to education, fire, waste regulation, etc; Rates Equalisation Scheme. |

|The Origins of the City Lands Committee |Origin of the City Lands from earliest times, especially since the 1444 charter of Henry VI; common soil; delegation of Common Council’s property |

|Wallis Glynn Gunthorpe Hunt |management responsibilities to Surveyors in 16th century, then to the City Lands Committee in 1592; first City Lands grant book and business |

|30 September 1986 |contained in it. |

|St Bartholomew’s Hospital |Brief history its 12th century foundation, the story of Rahere, the medieval hospital, the Reformation and Second Foundation in the 16th century, the|

|Alderman John Chalstrey MA, MD |18th century rebuilding, 20th century damage and rebuilding, NHS administration of the hospital and the retention of the annual View Day by the Lord |

|31 March 1987 |Mayor. |

|Some London Courts |Very brief histories and personal recollections of the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, the Mayor’s and City of London Court and the Guildhall and|

|Bernard B. Gillis QC |Mansion House Justice Rooms. |

|29 June 1987 | |

|The Rich Inheritance |Brief history of Bartholomew Close, from its inclusion within the precincts of St Bartholomew’s Hospital, its purchase by Sir Richard (later Baron) |

|Norman L. Hall CBE, LL.B. |Rich in the 16th century and its development from 1581 by his family for aristocratic and wealthy households (detailed) with some details of |

|30 November 1987 |subsequent development, and a short account of Bartholomew Fair. |

|The City’s Textile Industry |The concentration of the “rag trade” in the Ward of Cripplegate especially from the late 18th century to the Second World War, and its subsequent |

|John S. Henderson OBE |decline, with details of the companies and trades involved. |

|29 February 1988 | |

|Insurance in the City of London |Brief history of insurance in the ancient world, medieval Europe and the City of London, especially after 1666, up to the early 19th century. |

|Anthony J. Hart DSC | |

|30 October 1988 | |

|The City’s First Medical Officer of Health |Biographical article on John (later Sir John) Simon (1816-1904), Medical Officer of Health to the Corporation of London 1848-1855, noting the |

|George H. Challis |importance of his work in the City for sanitary reform and his subsequent distinguished career. |

|31 January 1989 | |

|The City’s Rivers – the Walbrook and the Fleet|Brief history of both rivers from Roman times to the present. |

|Alderman Clive Martin OBE, TD | |

|30 May 1989 | |

|The City and the Wine Trade: An Early History |The City of London’s and the Vintners’ Company’s involvement in the wine trade and the gradual decline of trade from the mid-13th to the late 15th |

|Lawrence St.J.T. Jackson LL.B. |century. |

|31 October 1989 | |

|A Decade of Commercial Property Development |The enormous expansion of commercial property development in the City 1979-1989, and the background of economic factors and planning policy in the |

|Michael J. Cassidy BA, MBA |City which assisted it. |

|29 May 1990 | |

|The City Parochial Foundation – the First 100 |The history, constitution and activities of the City Parochial Foundation since the City of London Parochial Charities Act 1883. |

|Years | |

|Rosemary Humphrays | |

|31 July 1990 | |

|“800 Years and All That” |The organisation and activities involved in celebrating the 800th anniversary of the Mayoralty of the City of London , from the personal |

|Alderman Sir Christopher Collett GBE, MA, |recollections of the author, including the various arguments concerning the exact date of the foundation of the Mayoralty and a brief note of |

|D.Sc. |celebrations for the 700th anniversary in 1889. |

|28 October 1990 | |

|The Evolution of the Barbican Centre |The planning and development of the Barbican Centre from 1955, including alternative schemes and suggestions and overcoming the many difficulties |

|John S. Henderson OBE, Deputy |which affected the project. |

|29 April 1991 | |

|The History of Chartered Accountants in the |As per title, prefaced by anecdotes ridiculing the profession, the change in attitude to chartered accountants and a brief history of the Institute |

|City |of Chartered Accountants from the late 19th century, and current attacks on the profession and its possible future. |

|Alderman Brian Jenkins MA | |

|29 July 1991 | |

|The Cripplegate Foundation 1891-1991 (100 Not |History, from the granting of its Scheme in 1891 (Cripplegate was one of the 5 parishes excluded from the City of London Parochial Charities Act |

|Out!) |1883), concentrating mainly on the buildings, but with some information about grant-making policy and grants made in recent years. |

|Wallis G.G. Hunt | |

|28 October 1991 | |

|The Mansion House 1930-1993 |Details of the several phases of the major Mansion House refurbishment during the 1980s up to 1992, based on the personal recollections of the |

|Norman H. Harding |author, citing differences of opinions and rejected suggestions from various Lord Mayors and others, costs and difficulties affecting parts of the |

|30 March 1992 |project, and various policy decisions. |

|Lord Mayors of London and the Baronetcy |Brief background to James I’s foundation of the rank of Baronet and the pre-Restoration system of high entry fines for recipients; the growth of the |

|Alderman Sir Robin Gillett GBE, RD, D.Sc., RNR|custom of creating the Lord Mayor a Baronet, and the subsequent recognition of the office by the award of the GBE instead; instances of members of |

|29 June 1992 |the same family serving the office of Lord Mayor; some colourful Baronets, including Lord Mayors (Vyner, Watson, Wood, Key). |

|The Bishopsgate Institute |History, from the granting of its Scheme in 1891 (St Botolph’s Bishopsgate was one of the 5 parishes excluded from the City of London Parochial |

|Alderman Michael Oliver |Charities Act 1883), giving information on the buildings, foundation by the Rev. William Rogers, Rector of St Botolph’s, current day-to-day work, the|

|30 November 1992 |Library; current plans for extension. |

|Junius and the City |The Junius letters published in The Public Advertiser 1768-1772; their support for John Wilkes and Parliamentary reform; George III’s system of |

|Dr James Cope |government; the City’s remonstrances to George III in 1770; the election of Alderman Nash to the Mayoralty in 1771; the impact of Junius’s letters on|

|29 March 1993 |Wilkes’s cause and the development of the democratic movement; the identity of Junius (Sir Philip Francis?). |

|The City Police |Policing in the City from Norman times; watch and ward; creation of first City Day Force after the Gordon Riots of 1784; Metropolitan Police Act |

|H. Wimburn S. Horlock MA, Deputy |1829; City of London Police Act 1839; Commissioners; a few significant dates in City Police history; modern-day policing. |

|29 November 1993 | |

|The Tithes of the Parish of St Sepulchre, |Brief history of tithes generally; tithes and payments in lieu in the City under Acts of Parliament of 1667 and 1804; extinguishing of such payments |

|Holborn |under Act of 1947 and the substitution of the tithe part of the General Rate; the complexities of tithe payments in St Sepulchre (divided between the|

|Wallis G.G. Hunt |City and Middlesex); tithe still collectable in the parish, uniquely amongst English parishes (with a few towns having house rates in lieu of |

|31 January 1994 |tithes). |

|Fleet Street: the Place and the Concept |History of the physical Street; printing in Fleet Street since 1500 and the growth of the national press there; “Old Spanish Customs” and Rupert |

|Joyce C. Nash, Deputy |Murdoch’s move to “Fortress Wapping” and the decline of printing in Fleet Street itself. |

|31 May 1994 | |

|Put Not Your Trust in Princes: the |The City and the Norman Conquest; the building of the Tower of London; Constables of the Tower and their jurisdiction over the Jews in the City; |

|Relationship Between the City and the Tower |brief summary of the City’s relationship with the Crown 1066-1321. |

|1066-1321 | |

|A.P.W. MacLellan | |

|31 October 1994 | |

|London’s Firefighters: Their Origins and |Fire-fighting in ancient Rome; in England from 872; in the City from 1066; equipment and ordinances; the Fire of London, the growth of insurance and |

|Development |a more organised fire-fighting system; amalgamation of insurance companies’ fire brigades in 1832 and appointment of James Braidwood to run it; fires|

|C. Douglas Woodward CBE, Deputy |at Houses of Parliament in 1834, Royal Exchange in 1838, Tower of London Armoury in 1841, Tooley Street Fire in 1861; foundation and development of |

|30 Jan uary1995 |Metropolitan Fire Brigade in 1865. |

|The History of the Common Council |Evolution of Common Council from Folkmoot through Court of Husting; evolution of the great congregation into Common Hall; Common Council’s |

|Geoffrey W. Rowley CBE, DCL, FIPM |assumption of “legislative” functions during 14th century; changing balance of power between Common Council, Common Hall and Court of Aldermen during|

|22 May 1995 |18th century; anecdotes of a few famous Common Council events, including Charles I’s failure to apprehend the 5 Parliamentarians in 1642. |

|Sir Horace Jones 1819-1887: Architect and |Brief biography of Jones; family; training as an architect; travel and study in Europe; in business on own account 1843-1864; work for the RIBA; |

|Surveyor to the Corporation of London |projects, including Cardiff Town Hall, Caversham Park near Reading, Surrey Music Hall in Walworth, many office buildings and department stores in |

|Stanley Keith Knowles |London; as Architect and Surveyor to the Corporation of London 1864- including his work on City Markets, police stations, Guildhall, City of London |

|30 October 1995 |Lunatic Asylum, Guildhall Library and Museum, Tower Bridge and Guildhall School of Music; knighthood. Appendix quoting A.G. Temple Guildhall Memories|

| |(1918), pp. 72-73 about Jones. |

| |[Acknowledgements to Jennifer M Freeman’s thesis on Sir Horace Jones, RIBA Library, Keeper of Maps and Prints at Guildhall Library and CLRO] |

|Dictum Meum Pactum: The Stock Exchange |Local colour in Throgmorton Street in the 1950s-1960s and its silence since October 1986 (the Big Bang); 400 years of history of joint stock |

|1929-1986 |companies, including the Muscovy Company; funding and share issue; foundation of Stock Exchange in 1773; turmoil of 1st 3 decades of 20th century due|

|R.D.K. Edwards JP, Deputy |to mining booms, WW1, General Strike, Wall Street Crash; work of brokers, jobbers and Blue Buttons; nicknames, humour and characters of the old |

|29 April 1996 |Exchange; move to new Exchange and admission of women in 1973; post-WW2 company amalgamations and the rise of professionalism; the 1960s and 1970s; |

| |the move to offices after the abolition of exchange controls in 1979, introduction of computerised clearing system Talisman and other changes in |

| |working practices; the end of the exclusivity of the Stock Exchange in 1986. |

|The Influence of the Huguenots on the City of |Background of Huguenot migrations especially from France and the Low Countries to British Isles in mid-16th century and after revocation of Edict of |

|London |Nantes in 1685; skills and numbers of Huguenots in London; their rapid integration within 2 generations; Spitalfields silk-weavers; Huguenot |

|Alderman Michael Savory |innovations, inventions and creativity; the Church; some GHA Huguenots. |

|23 September 1996 | |

|Christ’s Hospital – Some Housey Tales Fights |Close historical links between the Corporation and Christ’s Hospital; the School’s independent spirit; its appropriation of the Spital Sermon and a |

|and Feuds |tiff between School and Corporation over the Sermon in the mid-19th century; problems with money and administration 16th-18th centuries; Christ’s |

|Richard Saunders, Deputy |Hospital’s sealing of the Carmen’s cars 1582-1838; anecdotes about Christ’s Hospital. |

|24 February 1997 | |

|Care of the Children: the Aldermen and the |The Custom of London since the Middle Ages regarding the care of Freemen’s under-age orphans and inheritance of personal property of a City Freeman, |

|Orphans |with examples; the Aldermen’s strict control over the marriage of orphans, with examples; increase in volume of orphanage business and deposit of |

|Betty R. Masters OBE, BA, FSA |orphans’ inheritances in the Chamber of London at interest from the mid-16th century; development of the Court of Orphans under the Common Serjeant |

|23 June 1997 |and orphans’ inventories; City’s financial problems due to its inability to meet the interest on its outstanding debt from 1681; establishment of the|

| |Orphans’ Fund by Act of Parliament of 1694. |

|The Remembrancer in Russia: the Fletcher |Brief biography of Dr Giles Fletcher (c. 1548-1611, and uncle of the dramatist John Fletcher), who was appointed City Remembrancer at the request of |

|Embassy to Moscow in 1588-89 |Queen Elizabeth I in 1586; Fletcher and Saltonstall’s ambassadorial mission with the Hanse concerning custom duties on English imports in 1587; |

|James R. Sewell MA, FSA |Fletcher’s appointment as ambassador to Russia in 1588 and the background to Anglo-Russian trade in the 16th century; Fletcher’s difficulties in |

|27 October 1997 |Moscow; his return and the writing of his important and controversial book Of the Russe Common Wealth in 1591 (translations of which were still |

| |banned in Russia in 1848); the remainder of Fletcher’s career as Remembrancer. |

|A Private Sector Underground for London – |Commuting to work; the development of the underground railway in London; colourful life and background of Charles Tyson Yerkes, an American, formerly|

|Return of the Ghost of Charles Yerkes |convicted and jailed for embezzlement in Philadelphia, ousted from Chicago for corruption of councillors concerning the trolley car franchise; |

|Deputy M.J. Cassidy BA, MBA |Yerke’s acquisition of interests in the London Underground and his electrification of the system, building the power station at Lots Road; |

|23 February 1998 |unprofitablility of the operation; Yerkes’s death and discovery of his debts; competition in the form of petrol-driven buses from 1906. |

|The 100th Livery Company: How it Came About |The Information Technologists’ Company; 50 years of stored-programme computers; IT Year in 1982, the first meeting of Bernard Harty and Alan |

|Alderman Sir Brian Jenkins GBE |Benjamin, and their subsequent idea for an IT Livery Company in 1985; City Company status and the work of the new Company; Livery status in 1992 as |

|29 June 1998 |the 100th Company; continuing work, including the promotion of IT in the City under the PORT initiative, apprenticeship scheme and use of panels for |

| |charitable work. |

|The Napoleonic Wars, 1803-1814: the Defences |As per title, with background to Napoleon’s invasion plans, and including information on the Chelmsford Army camp, entrenchments for the protection |

|of S.E. England |of London, plans for flooding Romney Marshes and the construction of the Royal Military Canal, the construction of Martello Towers |

|Gordon R.A. Wixley CBE, TD, DL | |

|26 November 1998 | |

|Sir John Cass and His Foundation |Cass’s and his father’s with the Jacobite cause in the 1690s, his establishment of a charity school in Portsoken 1709-1711 to ingratiate himself with|

|Geoffrey C.H. Lawson |electors in his efforts 1701-1711 to become Alderman of Portsoken, his Tory-Anglican politics, unpopularity with the Court of Aldermen, election as |

|29 March 1999 |an MP for London 1710-1715, the complications around proving his 1718 final will (proved 1748) and the establishment of the Sir John Cass Foundation |

| |in 1748, his statue in the Guildhall Art Gallery and the Lord Mayor’s role in the school’s annual Founder’s Day service each February. |

|The Royal Exchange |The Antwerp Bourse in the early 16th century and its influence on Sir Richard Gresham and his son Sir Thomas, who built the Royal Exchange 1566-69; |

|Anthony Moss MA |its naming by Queen Elizabeth I in 1571; its operation and trades using it (especially insurance); destruction in 1666 and 1838 and subsequent |

|7 June 1999 |rebuilding; grand opening in 1842 and modern uses. |

| |[Acknowledgements to London Topographical Society and Dr Ann Saunders] |

|The City of London Imperial Volunteers |Background of the 1st (1880-81) and 2nd (1899-1902) Boer Wars; the extremely rapid formation of the City Imperial Volunteers in the City of London |

|[C.I.V.] |Dec 1899-Jan 1900 under the active management of the Lord Mayor, Alfred Newton; the CIV’s action and return to England in October 1900; the end of |

|Deputy John Holland CBE, JP, DL |the War and excerpts from Winston Churchill’s maiden speech in the House of Commons on the subject. |

|29 November 1999 | |

|The City’s 1798 Response to the Silver Coin |The shortage of silver coin during the 18th century, owing to the fact that silver coins were more valuable as bullion; only 3 issues of silver |

|Shortage – the Dorrien-Magens Shilling |shillings between 1760 and 1800 (1763, 1787 and the Dorrien Magens shilling of 1798, the rarest and most valuable of all); failure of the |

|R.T.D.Wilmot |Government’s 1797 silver coin issue; use of tokens and the Truck Shop system; Dorrien Magens’ and City merchants’ attempt to send £30,000 of silver |

|31 January 2000 |bullion to be minted into shillings and the Government’s alteration of the law and destruction of almost all the shillings; the solution to the |

| |problem by the adoption of the gold standard and the issue of the gold sovereign in 1816. |

|The Reform of the Post Office in the Victorian|Rowland Hill’s reforms to the Post Office and the Act of 1839; Hill’s subsequent problems in reforming the PO until his retirement in 1864. |

|Era and its Impact on Economic and Social | |

|Activity | |

|Deputy Anthony Eskenzi, CBE | |

|5 June 2000 | |

|The Office of Recorder of the City of London |The varying role and duties of the Recorder from the origins of the office in the 13th century to date |

|Sir Lawrence Verney TD, DL, MA | |

|30 October 2000 | |

|St Paul’s School |The history of the school from its foundation; association with the Mercers explored and explained; role of the school at the forefront of politics |

|Alderman Sir Alexander Graham GBE |and religion, and, at the Reformation, its role in the revival of learning in England; endowment and financial issues. The talk also describes the |

|26 February 2001 |contribution of each high master to the running of the school. |

|The funding of St Bartholomew’s Hospital, |An account of the financial basis on which St Bartholomew’s Hospital has been run over the centuries, from mediaeval royal grants to private |

|1123-2001 |finance initiatives in the twenty first century |

|Sir John Chalstrey MD, DSC, FRCS | |

|11 June 2001 | |

|Fleet Street |A summary history of Fleet Street, encompassing Fleet Marriages (1696-1753) and Sweeney Todd’s barber’s shop, but with a particular focus on the |

|Deputy Christopher Mitchell Esq, OBE |associations of the street with national newspapers. The impact of the introduction of the Koenig Steam Press in 1814, the power of the unions; the |

|29 October 2001 |role of the Press Barons and the eventual move of the publication of newspapers away from Fleet Street are described in detail. |

|Local Government: the beginning or the end? |An assessment of ‘British local government, its impact on the people it serves, its potential, its excesses and its failures.’ The talk investigates |

|Deputy Peter Rigby, CBE, JP |key changes in local government practice, including the introduction of party politics and various local government reorganisations including those |

|18 February 2002 |of 1965 and 1986 in London. References to Tony Crossland’s famous phrase ‘The party is over’; the Redcliffe Maud and Widdecombe Enquiries; local |

| |authority budgets; Best Value. |

|The burning of the Jubilee Book 1376-1387 |Abridged from a seminar paper, this talk attempts to explain the extraordinary events which led to the burning of the Corporation’s Jubilee Book in |

|Professor Caroline Barron |1387. The significance of the book is investigated, an author is tentatively proposed and the contents of the book are suggested. Did it survive in |

|17 June 2002 |copy form? |

|Life at the Mansion House at the end of the |A light hearted assessment of life at Mansion House, with sketches of all the Lord Mayors from Dame Mary Donaldson to Sir Clive Martin. |

|twentieth century | |

|Tommy Tucker | |

|16 September 2002 | |

|The role of the Chief Commoner in 2002 |Charts the political context in which the Chief Commoner has to operate, together with descriptions of ceremonial and social events in 2002. |

|Jonathan Charkham Esq., CBE, MA | |

|23 June 2003 | |

|History of the City Heritage Society 1973-2003|Beginnings under the aegis of the Barbican Residents’ Association; changing views about conservation over 30 years; the growth of conservation areas;|

|C. Douglas Woodward CBE |establishment as a registered charity and the inauguration of the City Heritage Award scheme in 1978; the battle between the Society and Peter |

|6 Oct 2003 |Palumbo over the Mansion House Square/No. 1 Poultry site development schemes and the 3 public enquiries associated with them; other schemes opposed |

| |or backed by the Society; summary of the Society’s successes and failures over 30 years. |

|Robert Walpole and the City of London, |An assessment of the relationship between Robert Walpole and the City during his Long Ministry: ‘Walpole’s twenty one years in power brought great |

|1721-1742 |benefits to the City, but its favourable influence was never readily available to him and its hostility at the end was a factor in his final defeat |

|Dr James Cope |by his Tory opponents’. |

|29 March 2004 | |

|The rebuilding of the Guildhall Art Gallery |An account by Richard Gilbert Scott, architect of the scheme, of the tortuous process which led to the rebuilding of the Guildhall Art Gallery. While|

|Richard Gilbert Scott |itt received planning permission in 1964 it was opened by Her Majesty the Queen in 1999. |

|19 November 2004 | |

|The Corporation of London Cemetery and |A history of the Corporation of London Cemetery and Crematorium, designed by William Haywood. The contracts for enclosing the first 98 acres were |

|Crematorium |let in 1854. When the first burials took place in 1856, they were on unconsecrated land, as the consecration of the burial areas could not proceed |

|Anthony Moss, Esq., MA |without untangling the financial arrangement with the 108 parishes of the City. The first cremation took place in 1905. With 200 acres, it is the |

|28 February 2005 |largest cemetery in London and one of the largest municipal cemeteries in Europe. |

|Tales of the unexpected: the Corporation and |This paper investigates the City’s involvement in assisting with the ‘redeeming of captives in the dominium of Turkey’ especially on the Barbary |

|Captives in Barbary |coast of North Africa in the sixteenth century |

|Miss Betty Masters OBE BA FSA | |

|27 June 2005 | |

|St Paul’s and the City before 1300 |An account of the development of St Paul’s in the early centuries, from 604 to 1300. St Paul’s was a major focal point in the life of the City and a |

|Professor Derek Keene |meeting place of the folkmoot, a political and judicial institution which faded away by 1300. |

|24 October 2005 | |

|Nelson and the City |This paper charts the specific events which make up the relationship between Nelson and the City, from the celebration of three of the four major |

| |naval battles in which he took part (and which figure on the Nelson monument in the Great Hall at Guildhall) to his funeral on 9 January 1806. |

|Alderman David Wootton | |

| | |

|13 February 2006 | |

|The Rise and Decline of Guilds - with |An account of the growth and decline of Guilds from the reign of Henry 1 to the Municipal Corporation Act of 1835 when almost all the guilds in the |

|particular reference to the Guilds of Tylers &|country were required to surrender the last remaining areas of control they still exerted over trade and industry. The paper uses Tilers and |

|Bricklayers in Great Britain and Ireland. |Bricklayers as a specific example, and references are drawn from all over the country. |

|Tom Hoffman, LLB | |

|19 June 2006 | |

|Apollo’s Swan and Lyre |The objective of this paper is to reflect the City’s long interest in the Arts by discussing the origins of drama and sacred and secular music in the|

|Dr. Andrew Parmley, MusM |City. It considers the early histories of the Parish Clerks’ and Musicians’ Companies and the City Waits as well as the Painter Stainers’ Company, --|

|23 October 2006 |all historical custodians of the Arts in the City. |

|A ticket to attend: the laying of the first |This paper described the ceremonies associated with the laying of the first stone of the New London Bridge in 1825. |

|stone of the new London Bridge, 1825 | |

|John Bird, O.B.E. | |

|22 January 2007 | |

|The formation and early years of the London |This account shows how Mansion House, Guildhall and the City were involved in the foundation of the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 1881 |

|Chamber of Commerce and Industry |after several attempts. The paper also covers the crucial role played by Lord Mayor Sir William McArthur in its creation and its continuing role to |

|Brian Harris |this day |

|11 June 2007 | |

|London’s role in the history of English |The manufacture of porcelain in London developed with the advent of tea drinking from the seventeenth century onwards. The history of various London |

|porcelain |factories is examined here, demonstrating the importance of London in the history of English porcelain. Excerpts from a ballad about the damage |

| |caused by a bull in a London china shop in 1773 are provided as a conclusion. |

|James Sewell, O.B.E., M.A., F.S.A. | |

| | |

|15 October 2007 | |

|The evolution of UK pension funds: some |Starting with the first organised pension scheme for Royal Navy Officers in the 1670’s, this paper follows the historical development of pension |

|observations and less familiar aspects |provision, -- from deferred annuities to final salary related schemes and thence to defined contribution schemes. The actuarial reasoning for the |

|Ken Ayers |shift and its historical context is carefully appraised. |

|11 February 2008 | |

|Ivan Luckin and the sale of London Bridge |A gently humorous account of Ivan Luckin’s role in achieving the sale of Rennie’s London Bridge in 1968 and its subsequent transfer to Lake Havasu |

|Archie Galloway |City in the Arizona desert |

|16 June 2008 | |

|The City of London’s Open Spaces |An account of the City of London’s Open Spaces, how they came into the City’s stewardship and recent developments associated with their management |

| | |

|Christine Cohen | |

|13 October 2008 | |

|The City's Estates in the 17th century |While this analysis ranges widely over the management of the City’s estates in the seventeenth century, particular attention is focussed on the |

| |period around 1630, when the great series of City Rentals properly begins. The City’s extensive land management experience with both City Lands and d|

|James Sewell, O.B.E., M.A., F.S.A |Bridge House Estates is reflected in the growing significance of the City Lands Committee which came into being in 1592. Specific reference is made |

| |to the award to the City of the Royal Contract of 1627/28, through which the City Corporation managed to reimburse two earlier royal loans and to |

|23 February 2009 |obtain a further advance of £120,000. |

|Southwark: London’s Second City? |This paper reviews the close links between Southwark and the City and the particular significance of the bridge which, from Roman times onwards, has |

| |linked the two areas. |

|Deputy Robin Sherlock | |

| | |

|15 June 2009 | |

|Smithfield: the in-between years |The history of Smithfield Market between 1837 (the date at which it was vividly described by Dickens in Oliver Twist as an overcrowded and poorly |

| |managed market) and 1868 (when William Davis’ peaceful and orderly depiction of the market was made). An important step in the resolution of the |

|Deputy Michael Welbank |problem was the Smithfield Removal Act of 1852 which secured the City’s rights to build, at is own expense, run and retain the revenues of any new |

| |cattle market even outside the City boundaries. |

|26 October 2009 | |

|The Ulster connection – the City Livery |To follow |

|Companies in Northern Ireland | |

| | |

|Barbara Newman | |

| | |

|22 February 2010 | |

|St Martin-le-Grand: collegiate church and den |This paper investigates the evolving relationship between St Martin-le-Grand, a distinct liberty subject to the city of Westminster and the City of |

|of iniquity |London. St Martin-le-Grand claimed exemption from the jurisdiction of the City up to 1548 but by the fifteenth century, the City had become more |

| |conscious of itself as a corporate body, and less accommodating of those who, within the City claimed, exemption. Concerns focussed on the abuse of |

|The Revd. Dr. Martin Dudley |the right of sanctuary within the precinct and on fraudulent goldsmith’s work produced in St Martin-le-Grand in the form of chains, brooches, rings, |

| |cups and spoons, made of inferior metal gilded or silvered and intended to be sold as the real article. |

|28 June 2010 | |

|The Houndsditch Murders: a miscarriage of |An account of the Houndsdith murders when three unarmed City of London policemen were gunned down in the street by revolutionaries who had found |

|justice that led to mass murder |refuge in London from political repression in Russia, Latvia and other East European States. |

| | |

|Bob Duffield | |

| | |

|25 October 2010 | |

|Drapers’ Gardens - |A history of the Drapers’ Garden site from Roman times to the twenty first century. Of particular note is the sixteenth century ownership of the site|

|their significance in both ancient and modern |by Thomas Cromwell, Chancellor and advisor to King Henry VIII. |

|times | |

| | |

|John Bennett | |

| | |

|31 January 2011 | |

|Highland Chiefs at the Tower in 1745 |This paper documents the fate of the Highland Chiefs, including the Earls of Cromarty and Kilmarnock and Lord Balmarino were tried at Westminster |

| |following the battle of Culloden Moor. A detailed description of the trial of Simon Fraser, The Lord Lovat Head of the Clan Fraser, the last man to |

|Deputy William Fraser |be beheaded at the Tower in included in the account. |

| | |

|27 June 2011 | |

|Ripa Regina: 'soke' and 'stew' |This paper reviews the social history of Queenhithe, with specific reference to prostitution along the river bank. |

| | |

|Alderman Gordon Haines | |

| | |

|31 October 2011 | |

|The Samuel Collection: materials and |Guildhall Art Gallery Conservators Nancy Wade and Judith Wetherall discuss the Samuel collection of paintings which have been displayed at the |

|techniques |Mansion House since they were bequeathed to the City Corporation in 1987. Nancy discusses artists’ studios and materials, including supports and |

| |paints while Judith speaks of the frames, referring to the styles and materials used in their preparation. This paper was presented at the Mansion |

|Nancy Wade & Judith Wetherall |House. |

| | |

|18 June 2012 | |

|Education, Education, Education: the launch of|This paper looks at the founding of the three City Academies in Southwark, Islington and Hackney from first discussions in 2000 to the realisation of|

|the City’s academies |the project with the opening of the first Academy in Southwark in 2003. The paper includes background on the government’s plans and policies on |

| |transforming Secondary Education and how the City of London responded to this challenge. |

|Catherine McGuinness | |

| | |

|29 October 2012 | |

|Who Killed Alderman Sir Alfred Newton? |The circumstances surrounding the unexplained death from strychnine poisoning in 1921 of the former Lord Mayor of London, Sir Alfred Newton, are |

| |discussed and background on his life and civic career is given. The financial scandal around the acquisition and management of the Industrial |

|Sir John Chalstrey |Contract Corporation in the late 19th century is put forward as a possible motive for the poisoning of Newton although the killer has not been |

| |identified and the mystery around his death remains unsolved. |

|25 February 2013 | |

|The London Stone: from myth and mystery to |Mythological origins of the Stone moving through to Roman times & later references in Stow’s Survey of London, 1603; 17th & 18th century attempts to |

|contemporary planning |have it removed due to persistent complaints to the City authorities about its inconvenience; the survival of the Stone despite widespread bombing in|

| |the Second World War and its removal from the ruins of the Church of St Swithin to its current location at 111 Cannon Street. |

|Alderman David Graves | |

| | |

|10 June 2013 | |

|The Hanseatic Steelyard in Dowgate |13th century references to the Hanse merchants; the derivation of the word “Steelyard”; the location of foreign merchants in Dowgate Ward since the |

| |late 10th century; special privileges granted by King Henry II & King John; the strict regime observed by the Hanse merchants; trading connections of|

|Alderman Alison Gowman |the merchants; disputes with the City authorities concerning the upkeep of Bishopsgate & other grievances caused by the preferential treatment of the|

| |Hanse merchants; the demise of the Steelyard & the sale of the site for building Cannon Street Station. |

|18 October 2013 | |

|The Development of the City of London as a |The nature of the City Corporation’s current representative role with regard to the UK’s financial services industry; the reasons behind the |

|representative body |development of this role including changes in local government in London with the abolition of the Greater London Council and the changing role of |

| |the Bank of England; the establishment of the City Research Project and the Economic Development Office with representative offices in Brussels, |

|Mark Boleat |Beijing, Shanghai and Mumbai; the creation of “TheCityUK”; review of governance leading to the formal recognition of the City Corporation's role in |

| |the terms of reference of the Policy and Resources Committee |

|20 January 2014 | |

|The Campaign to save Wanstead Flats from |Victorian attempts to develop the Flats leading to a huge demonstration requiring police intervention in 1871; leisure activities in the early 20th |

|Development |century; the Flats requisitioned for military purposes in the Second World War including temporary housing for bombed-out families; West Ham |

| |Corporation’s attempts to build permanent housing on the Flats defeated by legal judgement in 1947; subsequent major restoration programme undertaken|

|Wendy Mead |by the City of London Corporation. |

| | |

|16 June 2014 | |

|Too Close for Comfort: Zeppelins over the City|Bombing of Antwerp by German airships in 1914; retaliatory raids on Zeppelin sheds at Cologne & Dusseldorf by Royal Naval Air Service in September |

|of London |1914; history of development of Zeppelin airships ; restrictions on street lighting & camouflaging major landmarks to safeguard against attacks on |

| |British soil; first serious raids over England in January 1915 on Yarmouth, Cromer & King’s Lynn; first Zeppelin raid on London 8 September 1915 |

|Reverend Dr Martin Dudley |dropping bombs in Great Ormond Street, Theobald’s Road, Farringdon Road, Bartholomew Close & Liverpool Street Station; the “Theatre Raid” of 13 |

| |October; death of Kapitanleutnant Heinrich Mathy, German airship commander, in bombing raid in October 1916 at Potters Bar; last Zeppelin raid on |

|13 October 2014 |London in October 1917, the “silent raid.” |

|Magna Carta, The City of London and the |Paper read by Sir Robert Worcester in his capacity as organiser of the 800th Anniversary Commemorations of the sealing of Magna Carta; personal |

|‘Special Relationship’ |reminiscences from Sir Robert; details on the 700th anniversary commemorations in 1915; links with America and the display of the 1215 document in |

| |the Rotunda of the United States Congress in 1976; details on forthcoming events to mark the anniversary during 2015. |

|Sir Robert Worcester, KBE, DL | |

| | |

|6 January 2015 | |

| Best of the Old with the Best of the New: The|Changes to the built environment of the Guildhall Complex covering the period from 1884, discussing the ‘new’ Council Chamber, the Great Hall of |

|Guildhall Complex and its Relationship with |Guildhall, the former Art Gallery, North Office Block & West Wing offices, the construction of new Guildhall Art Gallery incorporating the remains of|

|Organisational Change |the Roman Amphitheatre; the Guildhall Improvement Project; changes in organisational behaviour with examples given of changes to committee meetings; |

| |changing role of Chairman of Policy Committee and that of Chief Commoner |

|Sir Michael Snyder | |

| | |

|19 June 2015 | |

|The Origins of The Society of Young Freemen |The background to the formation of the Society including the part taken by the Policy and Parliamentary Committee to encourage young persons to |

| |become Freemen of the City of London with discussions with the Guild of Freemen; the early years of the Society from its formal establishment at the |

|Clare James |Mansion House on 7 December 1976; possible motives of the City in facilitating the establishment of the Society. |

| | |

|12 October 2015 | |

|The History of the Hampstead Heath Ponds |London’s early water supply; the London Conduit Act of 1544 empowering the City to make use of the springs on Hampstead Heath; the1692 Act of |

| |Parliament creating the Hampstead Water Company; the creation of reservoirs; the artist John Constable painted the Heath many times with ponds |

|Jeremy Simons |appearing in several of his works including “Hampstead Heath with a Rainbow”; an account of the history of swimming in the Ponds; major incidents |

| |of flooding in the Heath, including the most serious one in 1975 with details of the effect on the Heath; the start of the “Ponds Project” which will|

|11 January 2016 |ensure that the risk of dam collapse in the ponds is eliminated. |

|The City of London’s role as the ‘Secular Arm’|The events in the City of London during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I focusing on the years 1529-1558 when the largest number of |

|in the burning of heretics” |burnings occurred in West Smithfield; the trials and deaths of Anne Askew, James Bainham,& Friar John Forest are described; the escape from burning |

| |of City apprentices Richard Wilmot & Thomas Fairfax; a discussion on the reasons behind the involvement of the City of London Corporation in the |

|Virginia Rounding |burning of heretics. |

| | |

|13 June 2016 | |

|Electoral reform, liberalism & art funded by |The early life of William Beckford; the great accumulation of wealth from sugar plantations in Jamaica; his return to England and purchase of |

|Jamaican slave sugar – the Beckfords. Part 1 –|Fonthill Estate in Wiltshire in 1745; election as Member of Parliament firstly for Shaftesbuy then latterly as one of the the City of London’s four |

|Alderman William Beckford (1709-1770) |MPs; his election as Alderman, Sheriff and Lord Mayor; Beckford’s support for the colonies as an integral part of Great Britain & with William Pitt |

| |the Elder championing reform and liberty; his reluctance to serve a second term as Lord Mayor; Beckford’s support for the radical journalist and |

|Sir John Stuttard |politician John Wilkes; the erection of a statue to Beckford in Guildhall being the only Lord Mayor so honoured in this way. |

| | |

|31 October 2016 | |

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