An Assessment of the Effects of Oil and Gas Field ... - BLM
An Assessment of the Effects of Oil and Gas
Field Activities on Nesting Raptors in the
Rawlins, Wyoming and Price, Utah Field Offices
of the Bureau of Land Management
BLM
BLM Technical Note 433
BLM/WY/ST-10/008+1110
BLM Technical Note 433
An Assessment of the Effects of Oil and Gas
Field Activities on Nesting Raptors in the
Rawlins, Wyoming and Price, Utah Field Offices
of the Bureau of Land Management
Jeff P. Smith, Steven J. Slater1, and Mike C. Neal
HawkWatch International, Inc.
2240 South 900 East
Salt Lake City, Utah 84106
1
Phone: (801) 484-6808 x108
Email: sslater@
Prepared for:
U.S. Department of Interior,
Bureau of Land Management
Utah State Office, Salt Lake City,
Wyoming State Office, Cheyenne, and
Colorado State Office, Lakewood
Table of Contents
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Price, Utah Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Price, Utah Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Rawlins, Wyoming Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Overall Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Objective 1: Describe temporal trends
in development near focal-species
nest clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Rawlins, Wyoming Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and Gas Development and Raptors . . . . . . . . . . .
The Raptor Radii Research Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
2
3
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Nest Cluster Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Study Areas and Background Information . . . . . . . . 5
Price, Utah Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Rawlins, Wyoming Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Description of Datasets and Data Preparation . . . . . 8
Raptor Nest Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Oil and Gas Well Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Road Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Landcover/Vegetation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Climate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Other Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Calculation of GIS-based Metrics . . . . . . . . . . 11
Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Objective 1: Describe temporal
trends in development near focal-species
nest clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Objective 2: Describe distributional patterns
of nest cluster status in relation to
development hotspots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Objective 3: Assess relationships between
nest-cluster status and development. . . . . . . . . 12
Objective 4: Assess Ferruginous Hawk nest
success and productivity in relation
to development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Objective 5: Assess the response of
Ferruginous Hawks to artificial
nest structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Objective 2: Describe distributional patterns
of nest cluster status in relation to
development hotspots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Objective 3: Assess relationships between
nest cluster status and development. . . . . . . . . 19
Objective 1. Describe temporal trends
in development near focal-species
nest clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Objective 2: Describe distributional patterns
of nest cluster status in relation to
development hotspots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Objective 3: Assess relationships between
nest cluster status and development. . . . . . . . . 29
Objective 4: Assess Ferruginous Hawk nest
success and productivity in relation
to development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Objective 5: Assess the response of
Ferruginous Hawks to artificial
nest structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Price, Utah Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Golden Eagles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Red-tailed Hawks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prairie Falcons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common Species Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rawlins, Wyoming Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Golden Eagles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ferruginous Hawks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Red-tailed Hawks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prairie Falcons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common Species Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of Price and Rawlins Results . . . . . . .
Conclusions and Management Implications . . . . . .
45
45
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
53
53
54
54
57
Literature Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Appendix A. Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Oil and Gas Development and Nesting Raptors ? BLM Technical Note 433
iii
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