Lab Activity: Periodicity of Properties of the Elements
Lab Activity: Periodicity of Properties of the Elements on Microsoft Excel
Background
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on atomic number. The modern Periodic Table was developed in 1913 by Henry Moseley. He used X-rays to identify the atomic number of each element. When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern.
There are many measurements that help us predict the chemical behavior of an element. These measurements are all related to either the number of valence electrons of the attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus of an atom. These measurements include Ionization Energy and Atomic Radius.
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Purpose
To plot several properties of elements and observe the regularities in these properties
Materials
Chemistry Reference Table, Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets
Instructions
1) Open Microsoft Excel
2) Enter headings in each of the following cells
A1: Atomic Number
B1: Atomic Radius
C1: Ionization Energy
3) Using your reference tables, enter the appropriate values for each column. You will record
data for element 1-36 (H-Kr)
4) You will analyze the data entered using two separate graphs!
Graph 1: Atomic Number vs. Ionization Energy
X series: A2:A:37 Y series: B2:B37
Graph 2: Atomic Number vs. Atomic Radius
X series: A2:A37 Y series: C1:C37
WHEN YOU ARE DONE THE GRAPHS PLEASE PRINT AND DO THE FOLLOWING:
Atomic radius
1. On graph 1. Put a Circle around the elements at the peaks and valleys. Write the element symbols on the graphs at these peaks and valleys.
Ionization energy
2. On graph 2. Put a Square around the elements at the peaks and valleys. Write the element symbols on the graphs at these peaks and valleys.
To construct each graph on excel:
a. Click on the letter for Atomic Number (A), (the whole column should be highlighted) then hold down the Control key and click on the letter B of the column for Atomic Radius. Both columns should be highlighted.
b. Go to “Insert” and select “Chart”. Click on Chart Type “XY Scatter” and select a subtype that has the points connected by lines.
c. Click on “Next>”
d. Click on “Next>” again
e. Under “Chart Title” click and type “(Your initials) Atomic Number vs. Ionization Energy”
f. Click on “Category X axis” and type “Atomic Number”
g. Click on “Category Y axis” and type “ Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)”
h. Click on “Next>”
i. Save as “New Sheet Chart 1” (Chart # will change with graphs)
j. Click on “Finish”. Print
k. The chart is saved on Chart 1, on the bottom of the sheet click on Sheet 1. This should lead you back to the original data tables.
l. Repeat for the other graph for Atomic number vs Ionization Energy
m. Print the two graphs including the data table.
To construct each graph on Google Sheets:
Instructions
3) Open Google Drive and click on New and then open Google Sheets
4) Enter headings in each of the following cells
A1: Atomic Number B1: Atomic Radius C1: Ionization Energy
3) Using your reference tables, enter the appropriate values for each column. You will record
data for element 1-36 (H-Kr)
4) You will analyze the data entered using two separate graphs!
Graph 1: Atomic Number vs. Ionization Energy
X series: A2:A:37 Y series: B2:B37
Graph 2: Atomic Number vs. Atomic Radius
X series: A2:A37 Y series: C1:C37
n. Click on the letter for Atomic Number (A), (the whole column should be highlighted) then hold down the Control key and click on the letter B of the column for Atomic Radius. Both columns should be highlighted.
o. Go to “Insert” and select “Chart”. Click on Chart Type “Line” and select a subtype that has the points connected by lines.
p. Click on “Customization Tab”
q. Under “Chart Title” click and type “(Your initials) Atomic Number vs. Ionization Energy”
r. Add title for horizontal “Category X axis” and type “Atomic Number”
s. Add title for vertical “Category Y axis” and type “ Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)”
t. Under Series eliminate the straight line
u. Change point shape to a shape of your choice. These points will show up on your line. (Chart # will change with graphs)
v. Click on “Insert”. Open a new tab to start your next graph.
w. Repeat for the other graph for Atomic number vs Ionization Energy
x. Print the two graphs including the data table.
|ATOMIC NUMBER |ATOMIC RADII (nm) |IONIZATION ENERGY (kj/mole) |
|1 |0.037 |1312 |
|2 |0.054 |2372 |
|3 |0.152 |520 |
|4 |0.111 |900 |
|5 |0.088 |801 |
|6 |0.077 |1086 |
|7 |0.070 |1402 |
|8 |0.066 |1314 |
|9 |0.064 |1681 |
|10 |0.070 |2081 |
|11 |0.186 |496 |
|12 |0.160 |738 |
|13 |0.143 |578 |
|14 |0.117 |787 |
|15 |0.110 |1021 |
|16 |0.104 |1000 |
|17 |0.099 |1251 |
|18 |0.094 |1521 |
|19 |0.231 |419 |
|20 |0.197 |590 |
|21 |0.161 |631 |
|22 |0.145 |658 |
|23 |0.131 |650 |
|24 |0.125 |653 |
|25 |0.129 |717 |
|26 |0.124 |759 |
|27 |0.125 |758 |
|28 |0.125 |737 |
|29 |0.128 |746 |
|30 |0.133 |906 |
|31 |0.122 |579 |
|32 |0.122 |762 |
|33 |0.121 |944 |
|34 |0.116 |941 |
|35 |0.114 |1140 |
|36 |0.110 |1351 |
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