Early Childhood Education and Care Policy in Sweden

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Early Childhood Education and Care Policy in Sweden

DECEMBER 1 9 99

This report is produced by the Ministry of Education and Science in Sweden, which has granted the OECD permission to include it on the OECD Internet Home Page. The views expressed in the document are not necessarily those of the OECD or its Member governments. The copyright conditions governing access to information on the OECD Home Page are provided at:

Further copies of the report can be obtained from the Ministry of Education and Science, 103 33 Stockholm, Sweden, Phone: +46 8 405 10 00, Fax: +46 8 723 11 92, E-mail: info.order@education.ministry.se The address of the Government web site is : regeringen.se The Government's e-mail address is: regeringen@regeringen.se Translation: Brian Turner. Printed by Norstedts Tryckeri , december 1999, Article No: U99.032

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EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE POLICY IN SWEDEN

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE POLICY IN SWEDEN

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EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE POLICY IN SWEDEN

FOREWORD

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E A R LY C H I L D H O O D E D U C AT I O N A N D C A R E P O L I C Y I N S W E D E N

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LIST OF CONTENTS

Foreword

5

Glossary

8

The Swedish Child Care System - Existing Forms

8

I. INTRODUCTION

9

II. CONTEXTS

12

Changing Fertility Rates

12

From an Agrarian to a Post-industrial Society

13

Labour Market and Economy

14

New Family Patterns

16

The Swedish Social Support System

18

III. THE SWEDISH ECEC

21

Historical Roots

21

Modern Times - A National Strategy for ECEC

22

Existing Forms

26

Expansion and Current Level of Coverage

29

Regional differences

30

Non-municipal ECEC

30

Division of Responsibility between the State and Municipalities 31

IV. POLICY CONCERNS

34

Quality

34

Different Types of Quality Definitions

34

Access

39

Current level of coverage

39

Children in Need of Special Support

39

Children in Hospitals

40

Parental Choice

41

Families with Limited Access to Public Child Care

41

Multicultural ECEC

43

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EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE POLICY IN SWEDEN

V. POLICY APPROACHES

43

Regulations

44

Staffing

46

Types of Personnel

46

Personnel Statistics

47

Program Content and Implementation

48

The National Curriculum for Pre-school

48

Working with Themes

51

Working in Teams

52

Integration and Co-operation - pre-school, school,

leisure-time centre

53

Family Engagement and Support

54

Different Forms of Parental Involvement

55

Links to Other Family Policies

56

Funding and Financing

56

Gross Costs

56

Parental fees

58

V. Evaluation and research

60

From Basic Research to Program Development and Evaluation 60

National Child Care Statistics as Sources of Information

61

Shifting Focus

63

Ongoing Program Development, Evaluation and Research

64

VII. CONCLUDING COMMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS

66

APPENDICES

70

Tables

70

Excerpt from the School Act

75

E A R LY C H I L D H O O D E D U C AT I O N A N D C A R E P O L I C Y I N S W E D E N

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GLOSSARY

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The Swedish Child Care System - Existing Forms

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EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE POLICY IN SWEDEN

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