Across - Fast Track IELTS – Student Area
OET 2.0 INTRODUCTION: REVIEWBEFORE YOUR FIRST LESSON YOU SHOULD:Carefully read your Complete Course Study Guide and Welcome Pack.Take some time to look around the study area to find where things are located.Learn what the four sections for the OET exam are and how each sub-test is structured by reading Understanding The OET Exam found in the Documents & Resources section of the study plete the OET Introduction Homework Book. Complete this workbook to improve your understanding of the OET exam.Book your first lesson using the Booking Calendar.6667516002000REVIEWThe OET consists of four sections: reading, writing, listening and speaking. This self-study workbook will include a range of activities to introduce the exam areas to you. The lessons with your teacher over the following weeks will target these areas in further detail. You should complete this activity workbook before your first lesson and we would recommend reviewing the ‘Understanding the OET Exam’ guide to support you in answering the questions.If you have any questions about the test format your first lesson would be a good opportunity to ask your teacher for more information.THE LISTENING EXAMActivity 1Read the ‘Understanding the OET Exam’ guide found in the Documents and Resources section of the study area to develop your knowledge of the listening exam structure. Then answer the following questions to make sure that you understand the test format. You should place a cross (X) next to the correct answer.1. How long does the listening test take?A 25 - 30 minutesB 40 - 45 minutesC 55 minutesD 90 minutes2. How many parts are there in the listening test?A oneB twoC threeD four3. What do you listen to in Part A?A two talks on a scientific topicB a talk on a health related topicC a conversation between two medical professionalsD two separate patient-professional consultations 4. What do you need to do during Part A?A write notes under headingsB answer multiple choice questionsC complete notes with missing wordsD all of the above5. What do you listen to in Part B?A four patient-professional consultations B one talk on a health related topic and one conversation between nursesC three conversation between two medical professionalsD a mix of six conversations and talks based in healthcare workplaces 6. What type of questions do you need to answer in Part B?A label a diagramB answer three-answer multiple choice questionsC complete a summaryD answer four-answer multiple choice questions 7. What type of questions do you need to answer in Part C?A answer four-answer multiple choice questionsB complete sentences with missing wordsC answer three-answer multiple choice questionsD write notes under headings 8. What will you hear in Part C?A two patient-professional consultations B one talk on a health related topic and one conversation between nursesC two talks on health related topics D a mix of four conversations and talks based in healthcare workplaces Answers to these questions are at the back of this workbook.Activity 2Now let’s try a few questions to practice Part A. Remember, this section will include completing notes regarding the patient. This means writing just one or two words that you hear from the recording. You are trying to fill the gaps with just the most important information. Don’t waste time writing full sentences.You will require the audio file: OET Assessment Review. When you are ready to begin please play the audio file and then answer the questions below. The audio file can be found in the ‘Self Study Books’ section of your OET course area.PRACTICE TESTPatient’s Name: MattReason for visiting: Feeling ………(1)…………Very grumpy at homeAlways ………(2)…………at kids Recent sleeping problems:Last visit: ………(3)…………Sleeping pills worked well………(4)…………of sleeping pillsPast ………(5)…………having trouble sleeping againCan’t sleepWants more ………(6)…………Falls asleep ………(7)…………most nightsWakes up around 3am after around 3 hours sleepGoes back to sleep around ………(8)…………Struggling with morningsAround 4-5 hours sleep per night but sometimes morePrevious history and management of sleep:Case of ………(9)………… insomniaBefore: interrupted sleep for ………(10)…………Given two weeks worth of pills………(11)…………sleep was worsePrescription was to establish regular sleep patternNeeds to make ………(12)…………as well Alcohol intake and attitude:Cutting back on alcohol Doing ………(13)…………Patient believes alcohol ………(14)…………sleepDidn’t have alcohol after ………(15)…………on days he took pillsA few pints of beer each nightDrinks ………(16)…………at weekends Less than half a bottle of spirits ………(17)…………………(18)………… states that alcohol has a negative impact on sleepActivity 3In the listening exam, you will need to be able to listen out for and recognise a range synonyms relating to medical conditions, symptoms and other relevant information. Expanding your vocabulary so that you are able to pick up on these naturally will be absolutely crucial going forward. To begin this process, complete the crossword below which contains a range of vocabulary relating to common medical symptoms.1238254445000Acrossthe unpleasant sensations of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart in the chestsmall raised areas that are filled with fluid and located in the superficial layer of the skinchange in the color and texture of skin that usually causes an outbreak of red patches or bumps on the skinthe involuntary contraction of a muscle without relaxation afterwardDownthe feeling of being lightheaded, woozy, or unbalanceda feeling of being cold without an apparent causeshortness of breathpainful urinationfeeling overtired and lethargicTHE READING EXAMRead the ‘Understanding the OET Exam’ guide found in the Documents and Resources section of the study area to develop your knowledge of the reading exam structure. Then answer the following questions to make sure that you understand the test format. You should place a cross (X) next to the correct answer.Activity 11. How long does the reading sub-test take? A 30 minutes B 45 minutes C 60 minutes D 90 minutes2. How many parts are there in the reading test?A oneB twoC threeD four3. How long is Part A?A 15 minutesB 20 minutesC 30 minutesD 40 minutes4. How many texts do you read in Part A?A one short textB two or three short textsC three or four short textsD five short texts5. What do you need to do during Part A?A fill in the blanksB identify which texts relate to a range of statements C answer questions with words from the textsD all of the above6. How long are Parts B and C?A 15 minutesB 20 minutesC 30 minutesD 45 minutes7. What do you read in Part B?A two texts on general medical topicsB one text on general medical topicC six short passages on workplace-related topicsD four short passages on workplace-related topics8. What type of task do you do in Part B?A summary completionB flow chart/table completionC multiple choice questionsD all of the above9. What will you read in Part C?A two longer texts on general medical topicsB one shorter text on general medical topicC two profession specific articles D four short passages on workplace-related topics10. What will you have to do in Part C?A short answer questionsB four-choice multiple choice questionsC three-choice multiple choice questions D summary paragraph Answers to these questions are at the back of this workbook.Activity 2Now let’s try some practice questions. REMEMBER we haven’t yet studied this section of the test nor the techniques required to find the correct answer. The aim of this activity is to give you a better understanding of the test. Don’t worry if you don’t get the correct answer just yet but well done if you do! The questions below are from Part A of the exam.Now take a few minutes to read through the texts below.Text AText BUnderweight patients rival the obese in health outcomes. A recent study compared the admission information of 1,747 children who were admitted to an Oklahoma hospital via the Paediatric Emergency Department. Surprisingly, the data revealed that underweight patients were admitted to hospital with greater frequency than both normal-weight and obese patients. Of the admissions, 24.5% were underweight, 14.6% were obese and 16.6% assessed as being within the normal weight range. The underweight children tended to present more frequently with respiratory infections and with fractures. A 5-year comparison study at a university hospital demonstrated a similar deviation from common thinking about the health risks associated with obesity. A large multi-institutional ICU database was used to research the mortality rates of underweight and obese adult patients who had been admitted to intensive care units. The study found that not only did patients with a high BMI demonstrate better outcomes with regard to mortality rates than those patients with low BMIs, but they also showed faster recovery following discharge. Patients who were underweight had higher mortality rates and spent longer in the Intensive Care Unit. They also had poorer hospital discharge functional status.Text CObesity proves to be a costly health issue in the UK. Obesity is expected to cost the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain around ?6.4 billion per annum by 2015 and significantly more by 2025, unless changes can be put in place to reduce obesity rates across all age groups. Statistics show that around 25% of English adults and 16% of children had a Body Mass Index (or BMI) of higher than BMI 30 in 2011, classing them as obese (30-40 BMI) or morbidly obese (>40 BMI). In Scotland, 27% of adults and 14% of children fell into the same overweight categories. Increased obesity is placing increased pressures on hospitals. While obesity may not always be a direct cause of hospital admission, it increases the risk of complications from other conditions requiring hospital treatment. A study of over 1.25 million UK women between the ages of 50 and 64 discovered that around one in eight hospital admissions were due to obesity-related conditions. In the group of women with a BMI greater than 30, being extremely overweight was found to be the cause of 59% of diabetes admissions, 51% of knee replacements, 20% of hip replacements and 24% of admissions with gall bladder disease. Other studies have shown that risk of coronary heart disease increases 2 to 3 times among obese people, while mortality from cancer is increased by around 40%. Carrying large amounts of extra body weight is also associated with debilitating conditions such as shortness of breath, knee failure and back pain leading to reduced mobility and poor quality of life. Caring for obese patients effectively requires costly supplies of special equipment such as bariatric hospital beds and operating tables. Obese patients also tend to have a slower recovery rate, in part due to the difficulty of mobilising them post-operatively. Slower recovery translates into extended hospital stays, with obese patients accounting for more than two million extra days per annum in hospital.Now that you have read these passages, turn to the next page and complete the questions asked regarding this topic. Answers are at the end of this workbook. PARAGRAPH IDENTIFICATION For each of the following statements, identify which text most closely relates to the ideas expressed in the statement:Discussion of the health outcomes of underweight children = Text ……..Discussion of the impact of obesity on hospitals = Text ……..Statistics regarding the projected costs of breast cancer care to the NHS = Text ……..Discussion of the correlation between a high BMI and gallbladder disease = Text ……..Statistics which are based on 2001 data = Text ……..Statistics which are based on the outcomes of patients admitted to ICU = Text ……..SENTENCE COMPLETION Complete the following sentences using words, short phrases and numbers from Texts 1 – 3 above. Obesity is projected to cost Britain’s National Health ……(7)…… (NHS) ?6.4 billion per annum by …… (8)…… and, according to the same report, will lead to significantly rising …… (9)…… over the following …… (10)…….Part of the expected cost increase is due to a jump in hospital admissions. One UK ……(11)…… found that among women aged 50 to 64, one in eight ……(12)…… nationwide were due to obesity-related conditions including diabetes, ……(13)…… and hip replacements and gall bladder disease. Obesity has also been found to ……(14)…… the risk of coronary heart disease as well as the risk of cancer-related deaths.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Answer the following questions using words, short phrases and numbers from Texts 1 – 3 above. 15. How many extra days per annum do obese patients spend in hospital?16. What conditions do children who are underweight often present in hospital with?17. What two types of cancer are found to be associated with a high BMI?18. What percentage of Scottish children are classified as obese or morbidly obese?19. How much is coronary heart disease estimated to cost the NHS per annum by 2050?20. What do patients who are obese often struggle with after surgery? Activity 3Now that you have completed a Part A practice, let’s try answering some multiple choice questions from a Part C text. Part C texts are definitely the most complex you will come across in OET so just try your best for now and you will focus on these with your teacher in a future lesson.HypochondriaAlthough people often joke about hypochondria, experts say it is a real disorder that puts strain on the medical system and affects an estimated four to six per cent of primary care patients. While it is widely believed that hypochondriacs are malingerers, research suggests they be more finely tuned to their bodies than other people are. The problem is that they repeatedly misread symptoms, regardless of how benign they might be, and tend to believe they suffer from diseases where diagnosis is often difficult.Because hypochondriacs are reluctant to acknowledge the possible role psychosocial factors in causing their symptoms, they often provide strong antipathy on the part of physicians, who find them exceptionally frustrating to treat. As many doctors do not really know how to handle the situation, and in the increasingly litigious setting of the GP surgery, they may grant approval for unnecessary tests to help put both themselves and their patients at ease. Evidence suggests, however that this is a reasonable pointless exercise and usually only serves to exacerbate the concerns of the already anxious patient. It also puts a strain on an already overburdened medical system.There are several treatment options for hypochondriasis. According to Dr. A. J Barksky from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BHW) in Boston, Massachusetts, while hypochondriasis is regarded as a psychiatric disorder, from the perspective of patients, their problems are a medical concern so referring them directly to a psychiatrist is likely to be interpreted as an outright dismissal of their symptoms and can lead to a lack of trust. They may, however, be more receptive to seeing a mental health professional if it is recommended for the general emotional distress they are expiring about their perceived health problems.Other doctors prefer pharmacotherapy or treatment with medications. Around two-thirds of people diagnosed with hypochondriasis have a coexisting psychiatric disorder such as major depression, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and studies show that treating these accompanying problems with appropriate pharmacological options, for example through using antidepressants, can often alleviate the symptoms of hypochondriasis at the same time.Recent research involving drug-free therapeutic combined with appropriate care by GPs points to potentially significant advances in the treatment of hypochondriasis. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one option. When treating hypochondriasis, the aim is to help people not to read so much into their symptoms. In an experimental, six-session CBT program, researchers from BWHH compared two groups of patients suffering from hypochondria. The primary care physicians assigned to the 102 patients receiving the therapy also received a special letter outlining treatment and management recommendations. A control group of 80 patients, followed for the same period of time, did not undergo the CBT therapy and their doctors did not receive the letter. After one year, the group undergoing therapy showed a significant improvement in symptoms compared to the patients who received the usual medical care. They reported feeling better, with fewer symptoms and less anxiety about their health. They were also found to have improved social functioning and improved functioning in their daily lives, such as doing errands and working around the house.Another, more recent, drug-free approach to treatment uses the unlikely stimulus of sound. Dr Michael Cavanagh and Professor John Franklin of Macquarie University, Sydney, undertook a controlled clinical trial of what they describe as ‘attention training’, a technique originally developed at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Imagine a tap gripping while you are trying to sleep at night. Pay attention to the dripping and it is sure to get louder. As the sound is amplified, echoing throughout the hollows of your mind, your anxiety increases. In this case it is sound that is the bugbear, but in hypochondriasis it is bodily sensations ‘What happens in health anxiety is that people become so locked on their symptoms that they can’t shift their attention onto anything else. They don’t tune into other sorts of evidence or ways of thinking about what’s happening to them,’ says Franklin. The idea with attention training is to shift patients’ attention away from the sensations that they are preoccupied with. Patients participate in sessions during which they listen to a complex array of sounds mixed together. They are required to discriminate between each sound, and then swap their attention from one to the next.In this very small but promising trial, the 21 participants showed significant reductions in the time they spent worrying about and checking on their health, their need for reassurance, and the severity of their convictions that they were ill. A follow-up 18 months later revealed that, in most cases, these benefits had been retained. Clearly, part of the success of this treatment is having someone affirm, without judgement, the participant’s anxiety about their health. Some patients come to accept that they may be suffering from a psychological condition.QuestionsIn paragraph 1, ‘malingerers’ are people who are…A insensitive to their symptoms.B amusing.C seriously ill.D pretending to be ill.According to paragraph 2, hypochondriacs are frustrating to treat because they…..A dismiss their symptoms as medical.B are litigious.C exacerbate their concerns.D reject a psychosocial diagnosis.In paragraph 2, what is said to be ‘pointless’.....A Not knowing how to handle the situation.B Approving tests.C The threat of litigation.D Putting patients at ease.According to Dr Barsky in paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE?A Hypochondriacs rarely see psychiatrists for emotional distress.B Psychiatrists dismiss hypochondriacs’ symptoms.C Psychiatrists tend to misinterpret hypochondriacs’ concerns.D Patients feel let down when referred to psychiatrists.According to paragraph 4, treating hypochondriacs with medications …..A can create accompanying problems.B is an alternative to psychology.C frequently reduces the symptoms of hypochondria.D may worsen coexisting psychiatric disorders.According to paragraph 5, the BWH study …..A found that the control group had improved social functioning.B demonstrated that drug-free treatments have promise.C provided all participating physicians with information on CBT.D revealed that appropriate care by GPs is preferable to CBT.According to paragraph 6, attention training …..A does not tune hypochondriacs into other ways of thinking.B causes hypochondriacs to become locked on their symptoms.C amplifies the anxiety felt by hypochondriacs.D diverts hypochondriacs’ attention away from their symptoms.According to paragraph 6, in the Macquarie University trial, …..A researchers initially thought sound was unlikely to work as a stimulus.B patients listened to a variety of sounds.C methods were adapted from military training techniques.D a dripping tap was used because of the way it echoes in the mind.Answers to this activity are in the back of the workbook. THE WRITING EXAMActivity 1Read the ‘Understanding the OET Exam’ guide found in the Documents and Resources section of the study area to develop your knowledge of the writing exam. Then answer the following questions to make sure that you understand the test format. You should place a cross (X) next to the correct answer.1. How long does the writing sub-test take?A 35 minutesB 45 minutesC 55 minutesD 65 minutes2. How many parts are there in the writing test?A oneB twoC threeD four3. What should you do in the first 5 minutes of the test?A start writing your answerB read the task informationC check your pencil / penD ask questions4. How many words should you write in your letter?A 140-160B 160-180C 180-200D 200-2205. Which one of the following is NOT a type of letter that you have to write?A referral letterB transfer letterC letter giving advice or information to a patientD letter summarising patient’s medical history6. Which is true?A There’s a different OET writing test for candidates from different medical professionalsB All candidates do the same OET writing test, regardless of their medical professionAnswers to these questions are at the back of this workbook.Activity 2During the writing exam you will be presented with a writing task like this:WRITING TASKUsing the information given in the case notes, write a letter of referral to Dr Sharad at The Skin Cancer Clinic. Address the letter to: 16 Victoria Street, Palmerston. Include the patient’s contact details.?In your answer:Expand the relevant case notes into complete sentencesDo not use note formUse letter formThe body of the letter should be approximately 180 - 200 words.You will then be provided with the patient’s medical history and you will be expected to write a letter depending on the patient’s medical history and current issues which will also be provided to you. Within these case notes, you are likely to come across a number of medical abbreviations which summarise crucial information about the patient. You will be more familiar with some abbreviations than others. Have a go at this activity by researching the following medical abbreviations online. Keep this list handy as you may need to refer to it throughout your OET preparation.Abbreviation Meaning BMIBP cc↑r/vACLIBSADHDCOPDptICUSOBUTIActivity 3Writing well-constructed sentences is absolutely key to ensuring that your writing is clear and easy to understand. Until you are confidently and effectively constructing your sentences, you will struggle to get above a Grade D in your writing exam. We are going to introduce you to some of the basics of sentence structure below. A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own. For example:Naz went to the shops.A sentence always has a subject (‘Naz’) and a verb (‘went’).‘To the shops’ is not a sentence, because it does not give enough information. You need to know who (subject) did what (verb).A sentence always starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). For example:The cat ate the food. (A fact or statement.)Do you want more? (A question.)You must go! (A command or shout.)TipsSentences can be very short (two words) or long.If they are too long they can be difficult to read and understand.Before you write, you should be able to say the whole sentence to yourself. If you can’t it might be too long. Creating Complex SentencesCommas and joining wordsIt’s a common mistake to link two sentences by using a comma. For example:Sam ran home, she was still late.The comma here should be a full stop:Sam ran home. She was still late.Short sentences are fine, but if you want to link two sentences, use a joining word (conjunction), such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘because’, etc. For example:Sam ran home, but she was still late.Describing wordsSentences can be made longer and more interesting by adding describing words, such as adjectives and adverbs.An adjective describes a noun: eg ‘hungry cat’.An adverb describes a verb: eg ‘ran quickly’.For example: The starving cat quickly ate the food.In this sentence ‘starving’ is the adjective, ‘quickly’ is the adverb.OrderIt’s important to put the words in the right order.Putting words in the right order makes the sentence clearer and easier to understand.You can often change the word order to make the sentence clearer.‘Starving, the cat quickly ate the food’ makes the reader understand how hungry the cat is.‘Quickly the starving cat ate the food’ makes the reader understand how fast it ate.Making SentencesPut these words in the right order to make clear sentences. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Answers 1. 2. 3.4.5.6.7.8. Answers to these questions are at the back of this workbook.THE SPEAKING EXAMActivity 1Read the ‘Understanding the OET Exam’ guide found in the Documents and Resources section of the study area to develop your knowledge of the speaking exam. Then answer the following questions to make sure that you understand the test format. You should place a cross (X) next to the correct answer.1. How long does the speaking test take?A 10 minutesB 15 minutesC 20 minutesD 25 minutes2. How many parts are there in the speaking test?A oneB twoC threeD four3. What happens in the first part of the speaking test? YouA read a role-play cardB do a role-playC have a warm-up conversationD fill in a form4. How many role-plays will you do in the test?A oneB twoC threeD four5. How long should you take on each role-play card?A 2 minutesB 4 minutesC 5 minutesD 6 minutes6. Which is true?A There’s a different OET speaking test for candidates from different health professionalsB All candidates do the same OET speaking test, regardless of their medical professionRemember this crucial information below:After the warm-up conversation, you will perform?two role-plays.The role-play topics are specific to each profession. If you are a nurse, for example, each role-play will require you to perform the role of a nurse speaking with a patient. The patient is always played by the interlocutor.Key points:the interlocutor will give you the first role-play card before you beginread this carefullyask any questions before the role-play beginsthe interlocutor will finish the role-play after about 5 minutesthese steps are then repeated with a second role-play card.Both role-plays will be recorded.?After the test, two different assessors will listen to the recording and give you a score. The interlocutor in the speaking test is?not?the person who marks your speaking performance.?The first part of the speaking test is a warm-up conversation with the interlocutor.?This part of the test is not assessed.?The purpose of the warm-up conversation is for the interlocutor to explain the format of the test and to help you relax and for the interlocutor and candidate to get used to each other’s voices.?The interlocutor will also ask you about areas of professional interest, such as previous work experience, future plans, etc.Activity 2Watch the video available from the following link: you are watching the video, make notes about the following:How does the nurse begin the consultation?What are the benefits of the nurse explaining what is going to happen right at the beginning of the consultation? How does the patient check understanding with the patient?What sort of questions does the nurse ask?What do you notice about the nurse’s body language?What do you notice about the nurse’s use of eye contact?How does the nurse deal with more sensitive topics, e.g. patient’s sexuality?What do you notice about the advice that the nurse gives to the patient regarding smoking?How does the nurse ensure that the information she has about the patient is correct?How does the nurse end the consultation? Are there any ways that you would improve on the approach of the nurse here?You can discuss these notes with your teacher when you undertake your speaking lesson in the future. Activity 3It is common to feel nervous when you are in the speaking exam and to assume that you need to have an extensive vocabulary and be perfect at speaking English. This is not the case. The most important thing is to be very clear throughout the role-play. Communicating clearly with the patient is at the heart of effective healthcare so it is important that you remember this throughout.Try to structure your conversation with the patient! This helps to achieve clarity and one of the best ways to do this is by learning a number of key words and phrases in advance which you can use to ensure that you are demonstrating effective practice in this section of the exam. Let’s have a go at this together – fill in the gaps with 1 -3 words in the common phrases below… ?Greeting the patient and asking about the reason for the visitHello Mr Smith, …(1)… today?Good morning/afternoon Ms Hamilton, how can I …(2)… you today?What’s brought you …(3)… today?What …(4)… to be the problem?Asking for more informationJust tell me …(5)… about it.Now, what has been …(6)…?Have you …(7)… anything else?Have you ever …(8)… like this before?Reassuring the patientThis is a …(9)…, you don’t need to worry.I know that this sounds ...(10)…, but you can get through this.We are here to …(11)…, you are in the right place.It is very normal to be …(12)…, lots of people would also feel the same way. AnswersThe Listening ExamActivity 1BCDCDBCCActivity 2down OR grumpyshoutingsix (6) weeks agoran out3 – 4 sleeping pillsalright OR fine 5.30 – 6 amchronic(about) 2 monthsafter taking pillslifestyle changesexercisehelps OR improves6pmmoreper week Doctor (White)Activity 3AcrosspalpitationsblistersrashcrampsDowndizzinesschillsdyspneadysuriafatigueThe Reading ExamActivity 1CCACDDCCABActivity 2 Text BText CText AText CText AText B ServiceWhy? The first sentence of the summary is a paraphrase of Text C, Paragraph 1. Scan the paragraph to find the missing word: ‘…the National Health?Service?(NHS)…’ The answer is the same word as in the text. It’s a name, so it should start with a capital letter.2015Why? The first sentence of the summary is a paraphrase of Text C, Paragraph 1. This gap needs completing with a date. A quick look at Text C, Paragraph 1 gives us the answer: ‘…by?2015’. 9. costs?Why? In Text C, Paragraph 1, we learn that: ‘Obesity is expected to?cost?… around ?6.4 billion … by 2015?and (cost) significantly more?by 2025’. In the summary, the wording is different. Read the sentence carefully and think about the missing word: ‘…and lead to significantly?rising costs?over the next (ten years).’ To make the sentence grammatically correct, you will need to use the noun ‘costs’, not the verb ‘cost’ that is given in the text.10. decade / 10 (ten) yearsWhy? In Text C, Paragraph 1, we learn that: ‘Obesity is expected to cost … around ?6.4 billion per annum by 2015?and significantly more by 2025’. In the summary, the wording is different. To make the sentence grammatically correct, you will need to think of a word/phrase that is not given in the text, eg: ‘…and lead to significantly rising (costs) over the next?ten years.’studyWhy? Scan the text for key words from the summary such as ‘UK’ ’50 and 64’, ‘hospital admissions’ and ‘one in eight’. You should find that gaps 5-8 relate to Paragraph 3 of Text C. The word needed to fill gap 5 is?study, which is given in the first sentence of Paragraph 4: ’A study of over 1.25 million UK women …’hospitalisations / hospital admissions / admissionsWhy? This relates to paragraph 3 of Text C. Scan the text for the key words ‘one in eight’. The words ‘hospital admissions’ follow immediately after: ‘one in eight hospital admissions were due to obesity-related conditions’.kneeWhy? This gap to the information in the second sentence of Paragraph 4, Text C: ‘…being extremely overweight was found to be the cause of 59% of diabetes admissions, 51% of?knee replacements?…’ In the summary, less detail is given. Scan to identify the key word that is missing: ‘…diabetes,?knee?and hip replacements, and gall bladder disease.’increase / heightenWhy? Scan the texts for key words in the summary such as ‘coronary heart disease’ and ‘cancer’. These appear in both Text A and Text C, so you may need to read carefully to check which information is relevant. The relevant information is found in Text C: ‘Other studies have shown that?risk of coronary heart disease increases 2 to 3 times…, while?mortality from cancer increases by around 40%’. This is rephrased in the summary text. You will need to find the key word to describe the trend (‘increases’) and change the form to ‘increase’ to make the sentence grammatically correct.two million (Text C)respiratory conditions and fractures (Text B)colorectal cancer and breast cancer (Text A)14% (Text B)?6.1 billion (Text A)mobilising OR mobility (Text C)Activity 31 D pretending to be ill.2 D reject a psychosocial diagnosis.3 B Approving tests.4 D Hypochondriacs feel let down when referred to psychiatrists.5 C frequently reduces the symptoms of hypochondria.6 B demonstrated that drug-free treatments have promise.7 D diverts hypochondriacs’ attention away from their symptoms8 B patients listened to a variety of sounds.The Writing ExamActivity 1BABCDAActivity 2Body mass indexBlood pressureCubic centimetresIncreaseReviewAnterior cruciate ligamentIrritable bowel syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderChronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePatientIntensive care unitShortness of breathUrinary tract infectionActivity 31.It is very important to find the best order of words. 2.You need to make the sentence as clear as possible for the reader. 3.You should be able to hold the whole sentence in your head before writing it down.4.If you can’t hold the sentence in your head, it is too long.5.Fluency in writing is one of the most important skills in sentence construction.6.Words need to be juggled until they are in the best order.7.In this way the sentence can be most easily understood.8.It takes practice to find the best words.The Speaking ExamActivity 1CCCBCAActivity 2Discuss your answers with your teacher – there are no rights or wrongs Activity 31. how are you (feeling)2. help/assist3. to see me/to the surgery4. appears/seems5. a little more/a bit more6. troubling/concerning you7. noticed/felt8. felt9. (very) common problem10. overwhelming/concerning 11. help/assist you12. concerned/worried ................
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