Army Leadership - Be, Know, Do

[Pages:270]FM 22-100

ARMY LEADERSHIP

BE, KNOW, DO

August 1999

Headquarters, Department of the Army

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Field Manual No. 22-100

*FM 22-100

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 31 August 1999

Army Leadership

Contents

Page

Examples .......................................................................................................v

Preface.........................................................................................................vii

PART ONE: THE LEADER, LEADERSHIP, AND THE HUMAN DIMENSION

CHAPTER 1

THE ARMY LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK ................................................1-2

Leadership Defined .....................................................................................1-4

BE, KNOW, DO ............................................................................................1-6

Levels of Leadership..................................................................................1-10

Leaders of Leaders....................................................................................1-13

Leadership and Command .......................................................................1-14

Subordinates .............................................................................................1-15

The Payoff: Excellence ..............................................................................1-17

Summary ...................................................................................................1-19

CHAPTER 2 Section I

Section II Section III

THE LEADER AND LEADERSHIP: WHAT THE LEADER MUST BE,

KNOW, AND DO.........................................................................................2-1

CHARACTER: WHAT A LEADER MUST BE................................................2-2

Army Values.................................................................................................2-2

Leader Attributes .......................................................................................2-10

Focus on Character...................................................................................2-19

COMPETENCE: WHAT A LEADER MUST KNOW ....................................2-24

LEADERSHIP: WHAT A LEADER MUST DO.............................................2-26

Influencing .................................................................................................2-27

Operating ...................................................................................................2-27

Improving...................................................................................................2-28

SUMMARY .................................................................................................2-28

CHAPTER 3

THE HUMAN DIMENSION.........................................................................3-1

People, the Team, and the Institution .........................................................3-1

Combat Stress .............................................................................................3-6

The Stress of Change..................................................................................3-8

Climate and Culture...................................................................................3-12

Leadership Styles ......................................................................................3-15

Intended and Unintended Consequences................................................3-18

Summary ...................................................................................................3-19

PART TWO: DIRECT LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 4

DIRECT LEADERSHIP SKILLS .................................................................4-2

Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................4-2

Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................4-6

Technical Skills ..........................................................................................4-11

Tactical Skills .............................................................................................4-12

Summary ...................................................................................................4-14

CHAPTER 5

DIRECT LEADERSHIP ACTIONS .............................................................5-1

Influencing Actions ......................................................................................5-1

Operating Actions........................................................................................5-8

Improving Actions......................................................................................5-13

Summary ...................................................................................................5-27

PART THREE: ORGANIZATIONAL AND STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 6 Section I

Section II

Section III

ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP............................................................6-1

WHAT IT TAKES TO LEAD ORGANIZATIONS--SKILLS ............................6-3

Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................6-3

Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................6-5

Technical Skills ............................................................................................6-9

Tactical Skills .............................................................................................6-10

WHAT IT TAKES TO LEAD ORGANIZATIONS--ACTIONS.......................6-12

Influencing Actions ....................................................................................6-12

Operating Actions......................................................................................6-18

Improving Actions......................................................................................6-25

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL

LEADERSHIP--GENERAL RIDGWAY IN KOREA .....................................6-29

SUMMARY .................................................................................................6-32

CHAPTER 7 Section I

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP........................................................................7-1

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP SKILLS .............................................................7-2

Interpersonal Skills ......................................................................................7-2

Conceptual Skills.........................................................................................7-7

Contents

Section II Section III Appendix A

Appendix B Appendix C

Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F

Technical Skills ..........................................................................................7-10

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ACTIONS .......................................................7-13

Influencing Actions ....................................................................................7-13

Operating Actions......................................................................................7-18

Improving Actions......................................................................................7-22

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP--

GENERAL OF THE ARMY MARSHALL DURING WORLD WAR II ............7-26

SUMMARY .................................................................................................7-28

Roles and Relationships ..........................................................................A-1

Authority ......................................................................................................A-3

Responsibility and Accountability ...............................................................A-4

Communications and the Chain of Command ..........................................A-4

The Noncommissioned Officer Support Channel ......................................A-5

DA Civilian Support .....................................................................................A-5

Performance Indicators............................................................................B-1

Values ..........................................................................................................B-2

Attributes .....................................................................................................B-3

Skills ............................................................................................................B-3

Actions.........................................................................................................B-4

Developmental Counseling......................................................................C-1

The Leader's Responsibilities.....................................................................C-1

The Leader as a Counselor ........................................................................C-2

Leader Counseling Skills ............................................................................C-3

The Leader's Limitations.............................................................................C-5

Types of Developmental Counseling .........................................................C-7

Approaches to Counseling .......................................................................C-10

Counseling Techniques ............................................................................C-11

The Counseling Process...........................................................................C-12

Summary ...................................................................................................C-16

The Developmental Counseling Form......................................................C-17

A Leader Plan of Action and the ECAS ..................................................D-1

Preparation of an ECAS ..............................................................................D-2

Preparation of a Leader Plan of Action.......................................................D-4

Character Development............................................................................E-1

The Constitution of the United States .....................................................F-1

Source Notes...........................................................................Source Notes-1

Glossary ..........................................................................................Glossary-1

Bibliography ..............................................................................Bibliography-1

Index .....................................................................................................Index-1

Army Leadership

iii

Examples Page

COL Chamberlain at Gettysburg .......................................................................................................1-8

Small Unit Leaders' Initiative in Normandy ....................................................................................1-16

GEN Washington at Newburgh ..........................................................................................................2-3

Duty in Korea ......................................................................................................................................2-4

GA Marshall Continues to Serve .......................................................................................................2-6

MSG Gordon and SFC Shughart in Somalia ....................................................................................2-8

WO1 Thompson at My Lai ................................................................................................................2-10

The Will to Persevere........................................................................................................................2-11

The Quick Reaction Platoon ............................................................................................................2-13

GA Eisenhower Forms SHAEF.........................................................................................................2-15

Self-Control in Combat .....................................................................................................................2-17

BG Jackson at First Bull Run...........................................................................................................2-18

Character and Prisoners ..................................................................................................................2-19

The Battle of the Bulge .....................................................................................................................2-20

GA Eisenhower's Message ..............................................................................................................2-20

The Qualification Report ..................................................................................................................2-22

Soldiers Are Our Credentials.............................................................................................................3-2

The 96th Division on Leyte.................................................................................................................3-4

The K Company Visit ..........................................................................................................................3-5

Task Force Ranger in Somalia, 1993 ................................................................................................3-6

Mix-up at the Crossroads ...................................................................................................................3-8

"Superior Technology" .....................................................................................................................3-10

Changing a Unit Climate--The New Squad Leader.......................................................................3-13

The Checking Account .......................................................................................................................4-3

The Rusty Rifles Incident ...................................................................................................................4-5

Finding the Real Problem...................................................................................................................4-6

Pulling Dragons' Teeth .......................................................................................................................4-7

The EFMB Test ..................................................................................................................................4-10

Technical Skill into Combat Power ................................................................................................4-11

Task Force Kingston .........................................................................................................................4-13

Solving a Training Problem................................................................................................................5-5

An Implied Mission and Leader Plan of Action................................................................................5-9

Brief Solutions, Not Problems .........................................................................................................5-10

Trust Earned ......................................................................................................................................5-19

Replacements in the ETO.................................................................................................................5-22

Page

Reception on Christmas Eve ...........................................................................................................5-22

SGT York ............................................................................................................................................5-24

Knowing Your People .........................................................................................................................6-4

GEN Grant and the End of the Civil War...........................................................................................6-6

DA Civilian Support to Desert Shield................................................................................................6-8

Innovative Reorganization .................................................................................................................6-8

GEN Grant at Vicksburg ...................................................................................................................6-11

The Commander's Notebook ...........................................................................................................6-14

The 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment at Normandy..................................................................6-18

The "Paperwork Purge" ....................................................................................................................6-20

Allied Command During the Battle of the Bulge..............................................................................7-5

Strategic Flexibility in Haiti ................................................................................................................7-9

Show of Force in the Philippines.....................................................................................................7-12

Combat Power from a Good Idea....................................................................................................7-14

The D-Day Decision ..........................................................................................................................7-16

Multinational Resource Allocation ..................................................................................................7-19

World War II Strategic Assessment ................................................................................................7-22

Change After Vietnam.......................................................................................................................7-25

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