SCHEME OF STUDEIS



ORDINANCES FOR BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B.Pharm)

Semester I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII

|1.1 |The duration of the course of instruction for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy shall be eight semesters i.e. four years. |

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|1.2 |There shall be four examinations, namely, First (I), Second (II), Third (III) ,Fourth (IV), Fifth (V), Sixth (VI), Seventh( VII) and |

| |Eighth (VIII) Semester .These examinations shall be held twice a year, ordinarily in the months of November/December and May/June or |

| |on such dates as may be fixed by the University. |

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|2.1 |Candidate shall submit their admission forms for admission to the Controller of Examinations countersigned by Head of the Department. |

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|2.2 |The last dates by which examination admission forms and fees, without and with late fees shall reach the Controller of Examinations as|

| |fixed by the university. |

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|2.3 |Incomplete form or form of candidate who has not cleared his/her not all dues will accept. |

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|2.4 |The amount of examination fee to be paid by a candidate for each examination shall be prescribed by the university. |

|3.1 |A person who has secured at least 50% marks (45% in case of candidate belonging to scheduled cast/tribes) of the aggregate marks in |

| |the four compulsory subjects, i.e. Chemistry, Physics, Biology or Maths and English taken together of 10+2 pattern or equivalent |

| |examination from recognised Board/ University shall be eligible to join the first semester of the course. |

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|3.2 |A student who has passed the First Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Second Semester. |

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|3.3 |A student who has passed the Second Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Third Semester. |

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|3.4 |A student who has passed the Third Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Fourth Semester. |

|3.5 |A student who has passed the Fourth Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Fifth Semester. |

|3.6 |A student who has passed the Fifth Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Sixth Semester. |

|3.7 |A student who has passed the Sixth Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Seventh Semester. |

|3.8 |A student who has passed the Seventh Semester of B.Pharm examination shall be eligible to join the Eighth (Final) Semester. |

|4.1 |A student who possesses qualifications laid down in 3.1/3.2/3.3/3.4/3.5/3.6/3.7/3.8 mentioned above and has been on the rolls of the |

| |University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences for this examination and submits the following certificates signed by the Head of the|

| |Department shall be eligible to appear in the First/Second/Third/ Fourth/ Fifth/Sixth/Seventh/Eighth or Final semester examination as |

| |the case may be :- |

| |of good Character. |

| |Of having attended not less than 75 per cent of the full course of the lectures and Practicals in each of the course/paper. |

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|4.2 |A deficiency in the required number of lectures and practicals may be condoned as per university rules. |

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|4.3 |A candidate who has failed in not more than two theory papers and two laboratory (Practical) Papers in the regular examination of the|

| |semester may appear in such papers in the next supplementary examination along with the regular examination of next semester. In case|

| |he/she fails again in the above said reappear examination, he/she shall be provisionally promoted to next semester and allowed to |

| |appear for these papers along with the regular examination of the semester to which the candidate was provisionally promoted. |

| | |

|4.4 |A candidate, who has failed in not more than two theory papers and two practical papers, shall appear only in these papers in the |

| |subsequent examination held thereafter. Moreover a candidate who has failed in more than two theory papers and two practical papers |

| |shall be declared fail and will appear in all theory and practical papers in the subsequent regular examination of the semester. |

| | |

|4.5 |Candidate is required to pass all theory papers and practical papers of B.Pharm Semester First examination in order to be promoted to |

| |semester four class. Similarly candidate who has passed completely(all theory and practical papers) of semester Two/Three/Four and |

| |Five shall be promoted and allowed to attend classes of B.Pharm semester Five/Six/Seven and Eight respectively. |

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|4.6 |A candidate who is short of the required attendance at lectures and practicals for the regular examination of the semester, after |

| |making up the deficiency, appear in the next regular examination of the semester. |

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|4.7 |A Candidate who does not appear or fails in all or any of the papers in regular examination of semester and four consecutive |

| |examinations held thereafter shall be debarred from continuing his studies for the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy |

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|5.1 |The medium of instruction and examination shall be English. |

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|5.2 |The examination shall be held in accordance with the syllabus prescribed by the University. |

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|5.3 |Twenty per cent of the marks in each paper of First/Second/Third/ Fourth/ Fifth/Sixth/Seventh/Eighth or Final semester examinations |

| |shall be reserved for internal assessment both in theory and laboratory (Practical) separately. The internal assessment will be |

| |awarded on the basis of the house examination, held by the department. The best out of two house examinations shall be considered for |

| |award of internal assessment. The marks awarded shall be certified by the Head of the Department and counted towards the marks |

| |reserved for the respective paper for regular examination, as the case may be. Internal assessment of the candidate shall be |

| |submitted to controller of examinations as per university rules and the same shall be carried till candidate qualified that |

| |examination. |

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|6.1 |The minimum marks required to pass an examination shall be 50% of the marks including internal assessment of each paper. (Practicals |

| |and theory separately). |

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|6.2 |The grace marks up to 1% of the total marks of examination in which he/she has appeared shall be awarded to the best advantages of the|

| |candidate for passing/reappears in the regular/ supplementary examination . |

|6.3 |Re-evaluation of scripts shall be admissible in B. Pharm Semester I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII examinations except practical |

| |examinations. The re-evaluation shall be allowed in not more than two theory papers provided candidate has secured not less than 25% |

| |marks in the relevant paper. The candidate shall submit his/her application on specified form alongwith prescribed fee, for |

| |re-evaluation within 14 days from the date of declaration of the result. |

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|7.1 |A successful candidate who obtains 80 per cent of the marks in any paper shall be declared to have passed with 'distinction' in that |

| |paper/those papers. |

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|7.2 |A successful candidate who obtains 60% or more of the aggregate marks in B.Pharm Semester I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII examinations |

| |taken together shall be placed in first division. Those who obtain 50% or more but less than 60% shall be placed in the second |

| |division. |

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|7.3 |The Controller of Examinations shall declare the result after two weeks of termination of examination or as soon as thereafter. |

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|7.4 |A successful candidate of the First/Second/Third/ Fourth/ Fifth/Sixth/Seventh/Eighth l semester examinations shall be granted a |

| |certificate. |

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|7.5 |A successful candidate of the Final examination of B.Pharm shall be granted a Degree. |

SCHEME OF STUDEIS

B.PHARM SEMESTER I

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|1001 |PHARMACEUTICS –I (General and Dispensing Pharmacy) |4hr |

|1002 | PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I |4hr |

|1003 |REMEDIAL MATHS |5hr |

|1004 |REMEDIAL BIOLOGY |3hr |

|1005 |MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS |4hr |

| |ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE |5hr |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|1021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY –I (General and Dispensing Pharmacy) |6hrs |

|1022 | PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS- I |6hrs |

|1023 |REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY |2hrs |

III PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP

|1. |PHARMACEUTICS –I (General and Dispensing Pharmacy) |1 hr |

|2. | PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I |1 hr |

|3. |MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS |1 hr |

1001-PHARMACEUTICS -I (GENERAL AND DISPENSING PHARMACY)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Orientation and Historical Background of Pharmaceutical Profession: Historical background, evolution, practice and future of pharmaceutical profession. Professional ethics and role of pharmacist in community healthcare and new drug development. Official compendia with special referance to Indian Pharmacopoeia. (6 lectures)

2. Extraction and Galenicals: Methods of extraction namely infusion, decoction, maceration , percolation and digestion. Comparison between batch and continuous extraction. (4 lectures)

3. Metrology and Posology: Units of weight and volume in metric system. Calculations involved in preparing solutions of solid in liquid or liquids in liquids. Method of alligation. Calculation of dose for children. Usual recommended dose of few important drugs. (7 lectuires)

Section- B

4. Dosage Forms: Classification of dosage forms. Formulation considerations in preparation of liquid dosage forms like aromatic waters, syrups,elixrs,glycerites,spirits,lotions,mucilages,liniments,applications,mouthwashes, gargles, enemas. Isotonicity calculations involved in preparation of eye and ear drops. Powder dosage forms : Bulk powders for internal and external use. Insufflations, effervescent powders. (10 lectures)

5. Pharmaceutical Additives: Brief discussion on diluents, vehicles, ointment bases, preservatives, antioxidants, organoleptic additives and their applications. (7 lectures)

Section- C

Dispensing Pharmacy

6. The Prescription: Reading and understanding of prescription , modern methods of prescribing, common latin abbreviations. (3 lectures)

7. Incompatibility in Prescription: Physical and chemical incompatibilities, inorganic in compatibilites including incompatibilites of metals and their salts, non-metals, acids, and anic incompatibilites including study of structural and chemical factors and factors affecting chemical reaction, study of important specific organic salts,purine bases, alkaloids, pyrazolone derivatives, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, carbohydrates, glycosides, enzymes, narcotics , sulphonamides, antihistamines, local anesthetics, dyes, surface active agents, correction of incompatibilities. (8 lectures)

8. Radiopharmaceuticals: Radiopharmaceuticals having therapeutic/diagnostic applications. Storage and handling of radiopharmaceutical products. Environmental control and protection against exposure to radiopharmaceuticals. (5 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review; Shargel, L., Mutnick, A. H., Souney, P. F. and Swanson, L. N. Eds., 7th Edition, Walters Kluver (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers).

2. Remington, 21st Edition, Beringer, P., Gupta, P. K. et. al. Eds, B. I. Publications Pvt. Ltd.(India Distributors), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.

3. S.J. Carter, Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, 12th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India, 1987.

4. Gilbert S. Banker and Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,1990.

5. Pharmacopoeia of India, Government of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi, India,1996.

6. S.J. Carter, Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy, 6th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India, 1986.

7. Howard C.Ansel and Nicholas G. Popvich, Pharmaceutics Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery System, 5th edition, Lea and Febiger, Pennsylvani, U.S.A., 1990.

8. E.W. Martin, Husa’s Dispensing of medication, 8th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1982.

1002 (PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS -I)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Introduction: Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control. Different techniques of analysis .Rules for retaining significant digits. (5 lectures)

2. Acid-Base Titration: Theories of acidimetery and alkalimetery, acid base concepts, role of solvent , relative strength of acid and base. Ionisation, law of mass action, common ion effect, ionic product of water, pH hydrolysis of salts, Henderson-Hesselbach equation. Buffer solutions. Acid base indicators, theory of indicators, choice of indicators, mixed indicators. Polyprotic system, polyamine and amino acid system, amino acid titration. Some official assay procedures involving the use of boric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide,calcium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid, sulphuric acid. (12 lectures)

Section B

3. Oxidation-Reduction Titration : Concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, strengths and equivalent weights of oxidising and reducing agents, theory of redox titrations. Redox indicators, potassium permangnate titrations, iodimetery, iodometery, cerric sulphate titrations, potassium iodate titrations, potassium bromate titrations, stannour chloride titrations, sodium 2,6- dichlorophenol-indophenol titrations. Some exercises related to determination of oxidising and reducing agents in a given pharmaceutical sample. (12 lectures)

4. Diazotisation Titrations: Different conditions involved in diazotisation of different amines end point determination. Pharmaceutical applications e.g. assay of sulphonamides. (6 lectures)

Section- C

5. Precipitation Titrations : Precipitation reactions, solubility products, effects of acids, temprature and solvent upon the solubility of precipitate. Argentometric titrations, ammonium or potasssium thiocyanate titrations, mercuric nitrate titrations, barium sulphate precipitation titrations. Indicators. Gay-Lussac method, Mohr’s method,Volhard’s method, Fajan’s method. Pharmaceutical applications. (8 lectures)

6. Gravimeteric analysis : Precipitation techniques , solubility products, the collodial state, supersaturation, coprecipitation, post precipitation, digestion. Washing of the precipitate, filteration, filter paper and crucibles. Ignition, thermogravimeteric curves. Specific examples like barium as barium sulphate, aluminium as aluminium oxide, calcium as calcium oxalate and magnesium as magnesium pyrophosphate. Organic precipitants. (7 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. J. Bassett, R.C. Denny, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis including Instrument, alAnalysis, 4th edition, The ELBS and Longman, London, U.K., 1978.

2. L.M. Atherden, Bentley and Driver’s Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th edition, Oxford University Press, Delhi, India, 1962.

3. G.L. Jenkins, J.E. Christian and G.P. Hager, Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry , McGraw-Hill Company Inc. New York, U.S.A., 1957.

4. Pharmacopoeia of India, Government of India, Ministry of Health , Delhi, India, 1990.

5. T. Higuchi, E. Brochmann and Hanssen (ed.), Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1st edition, CBS Publishers, Delhi, India, 1997.

1003- REMEDIAL MATHS

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 5hrs/Week

Section-A (Elementary Algebra)

1 Matrix: Definition and Notation, Types of Matrices, Algebra of Matrices, Multiplication of Matrices, Transpose of a Matrix, Determinants, Adjoint of a Square Matrix, Inverse of Square Matrix, System of Simultaneous Linear Equations. Solution of Homogeneous Simultaneous Linear Equations. ( 10 lectures)

2. Circular Functions and Trigonometry: Introduction, Angles and Its Measures, Arc and Angle Relationship, Trigonometric Functions, Trigonometric Ratios, Fundamental Relations between Trigonometrically Ratios, Trigonometrically Ratios in Terms of a given T-ratio, Signs of Trigonometrically Functions, Magnitude of Trigonometric Functions, Trigonometrically Ratios of Standard Angles, Use of Tables for Values of T-ratios, Trigonometrically Ratios of Allied Angles, T-ratios of Sum and Difference of Two Angles, Transformation of Product into Sum and Vice-Versa, T-ratios of Multiple and Sub Multiple Angles. (8 lectures)

Section-B (Elementary Analytic Geometry)

3. Analytical Plain Geometry: Introduction, Abscissa and Ordinate of a point, Rectangular Coordinates, Distance between Two points, Division ( or section ) Formula, Centroid of a Triangle, Area of a Triangle, Polar coordinates, Locus of a Moving Point and its Equation, The Straight Line and Standard form of Its Equations, General Equation of a Straight Line, Intersection of Two Straight Lines, Angle between Two Straight Lines. (17 lectures)

Section-C (Integral Calculus and Elementary Differential Equations)

4. Integral Calculus: Basic Concepts and Application; Introduction, Fundamental Formulae (Standard Forms) of Integration, Rules of Integration, Method of Integration, Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, Applications of Indefinite Integration, Relation between Profit, Marginal Cost and Revenue. (8 lectures)

5. Differential Equation: Introduction, Formation of a Differential Equation, Differential Equation of First Order Degree: Equation in which Variables are Separable, Homogeneous Differential Equations, Linear Differential Equations, Differential Equations Reducible to Linear Form, Exact Differential Equations. (7 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. J.K. Sharma, Pharmaceutical Mathematics Anne Books, India.

2. Zatar Ahsan and Nikhat Ahsan, Mathematical Methods, Ahamaya Publisher, New Delhi.

1004-REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

Max Marks: 56 Max Time: 3h

Internal Assessment: 14

Total Marks: 70

Section A

1. Biology: Definitions, nature, scope and different branches (1 lectures)

2. Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Mutation theory (3 lectures)

3. Kingdom System: Five kingdom system, basic characteristic features of different kingdoms, Similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (4 lectures)

Section B

4. Cell as unit of life: Cell theory, cell as autonomous unit, concept of totipotency ( 2 lectures)

5. Cell Structure and Function: Plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, plastids, vacuoles, non-living inclusions. Passive transport including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, Active transport including endocytosis and exocytosis. Mitosis and meiosis. (4 lectures)

6. Tissues: different types of plant and animal tissues and their functions. (3 lectures)

7. Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Brief account of different parts including root, stem, bark, leaf, flower and seed of angiosperms, modifications of root and stem (2 lectures)

Section C

8. Genetic basis of Inheritance: Principle of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, Multiple alleles, Quantitative inheritance (2 lectures)

9. Chromosomal basis of Inheritance: eukaryotic chromosomes, differences between chromatin and chromosomes, Sex determination in humans, crossing over. (2 lectures)

10. DNA as hereditary material: Structure of DNA, different types, structure and different types of RNA, genetic code. ( 3lectures)

11. Life history: Amoeba, entamoeba, trypanosoma, plasmodium, taenia, ascaris. (2 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. A. Fahn. Plant Anatomy 3rd ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

2. A.C. Dutta. A class book of Botany, 17th edition. Oxford University Press, India

3. G. Ray Noggle and G. Fritz. Introductory Plant Physiology. 2nd Edition

4. Dhami and Dhami. A text book of Biology (Pradeep Publications).

5. K N Bhatia and MP Tyagi. Elementary Biology. Trueman Book Company India, 2007

1005- MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Calculus :

1.1 Differential : Limits and functions, definition of differential coefficient, differentiation of standard functions including function of function ( chain rule ), differentiation of implicit function, logarithimic differentiation, parametric differentiation, successive differentiation, partial derivatives. (8 lectures)

1.2 Integral: Integration as inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard forms, integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions, formal evaluation of definite intergals. (8 lectures)

Section B

2. Significant digits and rounding of numbers:Data collection, random and non- random sampling methods, sample size, data organisation, diagramatic representation of data, bar, pie, diagrams. (6 lectures)

3. Measures of central value, objective and pre-requisites of an ideal measure, mean, mode and median. Measures of dispersion, standard deviation and standard error, coefficient of variation. (6 lectures)

4. Confidence (fiducial) limits, bay’s theorem, probalility distributions, elements of binomial and poisson distribution, normal distribution curve and properties, kurtosis and skewness. (6 lectures)

Section C

5. Correlation and regression analysis, method of least squares. (9 lectures)

6. Stasistical inference, students t- test, F-test, chi-square test. Analysis of variance (two way ANOVA) and multiple comparison procedures. (8 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. A Text Book of Mathematics, Vol. I-III, NCERT Publications, New Delhi, India, 1990.

2. S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand and Sons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 1991.

1021- PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-I ( GENERAL AND DISPENSING PHARMACY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Preparation of Solution dosage forms including aromatic waters, spirits, glycerines, syrups, elixirs, mucilages, liniments, douches,tintures, lotions and applications.

2. Galenicals including tinctures, infusions by extraction process.

3. Dispensing of prescription

3.1 Powders

3.2 Mixtures

3.3 Emulsions

3.4 Creams, pastes and ointments

3.5 Physical and chemical incompatibilites and their correction.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Alfonso R.Gennaro, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Penissylvania, U.S.A., 1995.

2. S.J. Carter, Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, 12th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India, 1987.

3. Pharmacopoeia of India, Government of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi, India, 1996.

4. E.W. Martin, Husa’s Dispensing of medication, 8th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1982.

1022- PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS- I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. The student should be acquainted with the care and use of weights, analytical balance and methods of weighing, errors in weighing and general apparatus required in various analytical procedures.

2. Standardisation of analytical weights and calibiration of volumetric apparatus.

3. Acid- Base Titrations: Preparation and standardisation of acids and bases. Some exercises related to the determination of acids and bases seprately and in mixture form. Some official assay procedures e.g. boric acid, ascorbic acid shall also be covered.

4. Oxidation-Reduction Titration : Preparation and and standardisation of some redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate etc. Some exercises related to the determination of oxidising agents, reducing agents in the sample shall be covered . Exercises involving use of potassium iodate, potassium bromate, 2,6-dicholorophenol-idophenol, cerric ammonium sulphate shall be performed.

5. Precipitation Titrations: Preparation and standardisation of titrants like silver nitrate and ammonium thiocynate. Titrations according to Mohr, Volhard and Fajan’s methods.

6. Diazotization Titrations: Exercises involving diazotizations.

7. Gravimetric Analysis: Preparation of Gouch crucible for filtration and use of sintered glass crucibles. Determination of water of hydration. Some exercises related to gravimetric estimation of metal ions such as barium, magnesium and calcium shall be covered.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Pharmacopoeia of India, Government of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi, India,1990.

2. J. Bassett, R.C. Denny, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis including Instrument, alAnalysis, 4th edition, The ELBS and Longman, London, U.K., 1978.

3. I.M. Kolthoff and V.A. Stanger, Volumetric Analysis Vol. II, Titration Methods, Interscience Publishers, Inc, New York, U.S.A.

4. A.H. Beckett, IB. Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4th edition, Part I, The Athlone Press, London, 1988.

1023 REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

Max Marks: 24 (Practical) Max Time: 2h

Internal Assessment: 06

Total Marks: 30

1. General study and use of simple and compound light microscopes.

2. Morphological studies of root, stem, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed of angiosperms.

3. Preparation and microscopic examination root, stem, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed of angiosperms.

4. Structure of common human parasites and insects with the help of specimens.

5. Histological studies of animal tissues

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. A.C. Dutta. A class book of Botany. 17th edition. Oxford University Press, India

2. G. Ray Noggle and G. Fritz. Introductory Plant Physiology. 2nd Edition

3. Dhami and Dhami. A text book of Biology. Pradeep Publications, India, 2008.

4. K N Bhatia and MP Tyagi. Elementary Biology. Trueman Book Company India, 2007

SCHEME OF STUDEIS

B.PHARM SEMESTER II

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|2001 |PHARMACEUTICS –II (Unit Operations) |4hr |

|2002 |ORGANIC CHEMISTRY |4hr |

|2003 |COMPUTER APPLICATIONS |2hr |

|2004 |HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY I |4hr |

| |PUNJABI |6hr |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|2021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY –I (Unit Operations) |6hrs |

|2022 |ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY |6hrs |

|2023 |COMPUTER APPLICATIONS |4hrs |

|2024 |HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY |4hrs |

2001-PHARMACEUTICS –II (Pharmaceutical Unit Operation)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section A

1. Introduction: Introduction to Pharmaceutical engineering, unit operations- concept and requirement, materials and energy balances. (3 lectures)

2. Conveying of Solids: Belt conveyors, chair conveyors, screw conveyors and pneumatic conveyors. (2 lectures)

3. Materials for Pharmaceutical Plant Construction : Physical, chemical, mechanical and economical factors affecting the material selection for pharmaceutical plants, suitability of different materials for different plants, i.e. ferrous metals-cast iron, steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals-copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, lead, tin, silver, nickel and alloys, chromium, zinc, non-metals, plastics, rubber. Types, causes, theories and methods of prevention of corrosion. (3 lectures)

4. Causes and prevention of chemical, electrical fire and dust hazards. Fire extinguishers (3 lectures)

5. Size Reduction and Size Separation: Definition, objectives and factors affecting size reduction. Methods of size reduction including the study of hammer mill, ball mill, and fluid energy mill. Methods and equipments employed for size separation including sieving, sedimentation, centrifugal and elutriation (5 lectures)

Section B

6. Flow of Fluids : Fluid static’s and dynamics-basic equations, law of conservation in fluid flow, measurement of pressures, manometers, types of flow, Reynolds’s number and its significance, distribution of velocities in a pipe ,friction losses, pipe fittings and joints. Measurements of fluid flow-principles and construction of venturimeter, orifice meter, pitot tube, wires, rotameter and positive displacement meter-current meter and disc meter. Flow controls- plug cock, globe valve, gate valve, automatic regulating valve. Pumps-reciprocating pumps, positive displacement pumps, rotary pumps-volute and centrifugal pumps. (8 lectures)

7. Mixing, Dissolving and Emulsifying : Theory of mixing, types of mixtures, factors which affect mixing, powder, liquid and semi-solid mixing, mixing equipments for liquids, powders and semi-solids, batch mixing and continuous mixing. (4 lectures)

8. Filtration : Theory of filtration, factors affecting the rate of filtration, properties of filter medium. Filter cake and filter aids. Simple filtration assembly. Industrial filters filter leaf, meta filters, filter press (with and without back wash), rotary filters. (3 lectures)

9. Centrifugation: Principles of centrifugation. Industrial centrifuges-perforated basket centrifuges, sedimentation type centrifuges, continuous centrifuges. (1 lectures)

Section C

10. Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer, Convection-concept of overall film coefficient, evaluation of individual film coefficient, radiation Stefan Boltzmann Law, heating, media, equipments. Fuels- solid, liquid, gases. Steam as heating medium-properties and uses of steam, steam traps. (4 lectures)

11. Drying: Theory of drying-principles, equilibrium moisture content, rate of drying. Drying of dilute solutions and suspensions-drum dryer, spray dryer. Drying of solids-convection type, tray dryer and tunnel dryer. Rotary dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum oven, freeze drying, radiant heat dryers. (3 lectures)

12. Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation. Equipments-natural circulation evaporators, forced circulation evaporators, film evaporators. Evaporation under reduced pressure. (3 lectures)

13. Distillation: Theory of distillation-vapor liquid equilibrium relationship, volatility. Azeotropic and zeoptropic mixture, phase diagrams etc., rectification and construction of columns, molecular distillation, steam distillation, enthalpy composition diagram and determination of number of theoretical plates, HETP, Steam distillation. (5 lectures)

14. Refrigeration: Theory of refrigeration, refrigeration current cycle, equipments employed for large scale refrigeration. Air conditioning-humidification and dehumidification, principles, applications and different types of cooling towers. Application of humidity control in pharmaceutical industries. (3 lectures)

Books Recommended

1. Mc.Cabe and smith, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering 7th Edition, Mc.Graw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 2005.

2. L.A. Lachman, H.A. Lieberman and J.L. Kanig, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd Edition, Varghese Publishing House, India, Bombay, 1991

3. S.J. Carter, Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy, 6th edition, Pitman Medical Publishing Co., U.K. London, 1986

4. R.F. Richardson and J.M. Coulson, Chemical Engineering, An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Design, Vol. VI, Pegamon Press, New York, USA., 1989

5. Walter L. Badger and J.T. Banchero, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., Singapore, 2002.

6. R.H. Perry and D. Green, Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., Singapore, 1984.

7. Max Peters, Elementary Chemical Engineering, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., Japan, 1984.

2002-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section A

1. Basic Principles and Concepts of Organic Chemistry: Covalent bond, electronegativity, dipole moment, bond fission, inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Types of attacking reagent, reaction intermediate and organic reaction. Hydrogen bonding, acids and bases. (4 lectures)

2. Steriochemistry Introduction, optical isomerism , configuration and specification of configuration, meso compounds and diasterio isomers, geometrical isomerism, conformational isomerism and Bayer’s strain theory . (4 lectures)

3. 3.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. (3 lectures)

2. Alicyclic hydrocarbons : 3,5 and 6 membered only. (4 lectures)

3.3 Aliphatic halogen compounds : Alkyl halides, SN1 and SN2 reactions,E1 and E2 reactions, chloroform and halothane. (3 lectures)

Section B

4 Structure, nomenclature, preparation and important chemical properties of the following classes of organic compounds (including mechanism of reactions wherever necessary) (15 lectures)

4.1 Alcohols:

(i) Methanol, ethanol, absolute alcohol, denatured alcohol , rectified spirit and proof spirit.

ii) Di and trihydric alcohols: Ethylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol trinitrate, dimercaprol,ethohexadiol and polyethylene glycols.

2. Ethers and Thioethers : Diethyl ether, divinyl ether , anaesthetic ether and diethyl thioether.

3. Aldehydes and Ketones : Formaldehyde and its polymers, acetaldehyde and its polymers, chloral hydrate, dichlorophenaxone, methanamine mandelate.

4.4 Carboxylic acids and related compounds:

(i) Saturated monocarboxylic acids and esters: Formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid. Palmitic acid and stearic acid.

(ii) Ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl nitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, dicotyl sodium sulphosuccinate, ethyl oleate, sodium lauryl sulphate.

(iii) Lauric acid, lectides, lactones glucuronic acid and gluconic acid.

(iv) Dicarboxylic acid : Oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and adipic acid. Maleic acid and fumaric acid.

(v) Malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid.

Section C

5. Aliphatic amines and related compounds: Alkyl amines, (-hydroxy and (-haloalkylamines,diamines,urea and ureides, dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride, cramiphen hydrochloride, mustine hydrochloride, ethylendiammine hydrate, disodium calcium cyclamate, sodium cyclamate and thiambutosine. (5 lectures)

6. Carbanions :Reactions involving carbanions, malonic acid synthesis of carboxylic acids, acetoacetic acid synthesis of ketones, decarboxylation of keto acids and malonic acid. Alkylation of carbonyl compounds via enamines. (6 lectures)

7. (,(-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: (,(-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and conjugate addition including Michael addition and Diels-Alder reaction. (4 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, Prentice-Half of India Printice limited, New Delhi 1992.

2. I.L.Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. I, 6th edition, The English Language Book Society and Longman Group Limited London, U.K. 1995.

3. P. Sykes, A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Orient Longman, New Delhi, India, 1987.

4. L.M. Atherden, Bentley and Driver’s Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th edition, Oxford University Press, Delhi, India, 1962.

2003-COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 2hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Introduction , concept, classification and working of computers, hardware and central processing unit. Input-output devices , software, applications and limitations. (2 lectures)

2. Basic Principles Of Computers: (6 lectures)

2.1 Types of computer memories, bytes, bits, number system and binary representation

2. Concepts of data communication, computer net works, batch and interactive processing , single and time sharing processing , directories and files.

2.3 Different languages (BASIC, C, PASCAL,COBOL, FORTRAN ) their advantages and limitations , high and low level languages, compilers, introduction to, operating systems, (MS-DOS, UNIX).

Section- B

Basic Concepts of C Language (7 lectures)

3.1 Introduction to C language, Data types, Operations and expressions. data input and output.

Compilation, execution and debugging of C programe.

Control statements, functions, program structure, arrays, pointers, structures and unions.

Opening and closing data files

Sectio-n C

4. Elementary Knowledge of Widows: (5 lectures)

1. Use of task bar, mouse, navigation buttons, identifiction of desk top components shortcuts.

4.2 Use of windows explorer, my computer, file manager, file extentions, management of folders and files, searching folders and files.

4.3 Creating and using short cuts, running program using DOS.

4.4 Control panel tools, addition of hardware i.e. modern and printer.

4.5 Multimedia ,E-mail, fax, remote access, net working

4.6 Internet with respect of connection, browsing, downloading of files and explorer commands.

4.7 Introduction to Backup features

5. Introduction to MS Office (4 lectures)

5.1 Introduction to office Components

2. WORD-Document defaults, formating, page view, printing of files, customizing WORD.

3. EXCEL- data entry, foarmating, formulas and functions, charts, printing, data handling, customizing EXCEL

4. Data management with ACCESS-Data tables, forms, queries and reports.

5.5 POWER POINT-slides, formating, templates.

5. OUT LOOK as e-mail client.

6. Internet tools-hyperlink

6. Elementary Knowledge of Computer Viruses.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. J. Shelley and R. Haunt, Computer Studies A First Course, 2nd edition, A.H. Wheeler and Company, Delhi, India, 1990.

2. B., Gottfried, Programing With C, 2nd edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, Delhi 1998.

3. S., Grawford, Window 95, BPB Publications, New Delhi 1997.

4. L.E. Moseley, Boodey, DM, Microsoft Office 97, BPB, 1997

2004-HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section A

1. Introduction : Definition and scope of anatomy, physiology and related sciences. (5 lectures)

2. Cellular Basis of Physiology and pathology: (7 lectures)

2.1 Structure and functions of subcellular organelles, structure and molecular mechanism of skeletal and smooth muscle contraction,

2.2 Cell injury: free radicals, immune system and ischemia/hypoxia mediated injury.

2.3 Acute and chronic Inflammation

3. Human Skeleton: Anatomical terminology. A study of human skeleton including account of skull, spine and important bones of upper and lower extremities, thoracic and pelvic regions. Brief description of important joints and skeletal muscles, arthritis, gout, osteoporosis. (6 lectures)

Section B

4 Cardiovascular System:

4.1 Heart: Structure and molecular mechanism of contraction of cardic muscle. Anatomy of heart. Origin and spread of cardiac excitation. Cardiac contractibility and its regulation. Cardiac cycle, heart sounds, basic principles of electrocardiogram, cardiac output, venous return and their regulation, Blood pressure and its regulation, hypertension, CHF, ischemic heart disease (10 lectures)

4.2 Circulating Body Fluids: Blood and its cellular components, haemostasis, Lymph and lymphatic organs, anaemia, polycythemia, lymphoma, leukemia, thrombocytopenia (7 lectures)

Section C

5. Endocrinology and Reproduction :

5.1 Introduction to Endocrinology and General Mechanisms of Hormone Action : Pituitary hormones, their physiological functions, their control by hypothalamus. Formation, secretion and regulation of secretion of thyroid hormones and their functions ,diseases of the thyroid, adrenocortical hormones, secretion ,regulation and functions. Abnormalities of Adrenocortical secretion. Pancreatic hormones and their metabolic effects and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Parathromone and calcitonin, control of calcium metabolism. (8 lectures)

5.2 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male and Female : Spermatogenesis and male sex hormones. Physiological anatomy of female sexual organs, menstrual cycle and puberty, pregnancy, parturition and lactation, menopause. (8 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 9th edition, Prism Book Pvt Ltd. India 1996

2. Tortora, G.J. and Grabowski, S.R. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 8th edition Collins College Publishers, Luciano, New York.

3. Ganong, W.F. Review of Medical Physiology, 18th edition Appleton and lange, Stanford, USA, 1997

4. Vinay Kumar, Ramzi S Cotran and S.L.Robins. Basic Pathology ,6 th edition. Prism Books Pvt Ltd. Banglore, India. 1997.

2021-PHARMACEUTICAL LAB-II (PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS )

Max Marks 80 Max Time 6hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Studies on relationship between (i) Sedimentation rate and concentration of suspended solids.(ii) Rate of filtration and concentration of slury.

2. Experiment based on flow of fluids i.e caliberation of venturimeter, orifice meter, determination of rate of flow using pitot tube and weirs . determination of Reynold’s number.

3. Size reduction by ball mill .

4. Humidity determination by psychometric method.

5. Purification of solvents by steam distillation and simple distillation.

6. Determination of hardness of water.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. L.A. Lachman, H.A.Lieberman and J.L. Kanig, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd edition. Vargehese Publishing House, India, Bombay 1991.

2. S.J. Carter, Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy , 6th edition, Pitman Medical Publishing Co., U.K., London 1986.

3. Walter L.Badger and J.T.Banchero, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, McGraw Hill Book Co. Singapore, 1955.

2022-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 6hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Identification of organic compounds based on solubility, lassaignes test, functional group analysis and preparation of derivatives.

2. Preparation of compounds of medicinal intrest involving single step synthesis.

3. Tests for identification of selected drugs such as barbiturates, ascorbic acid, sulphanilamide, paracetamol and aspirin.

4. Introduction to the use of stereo models.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. F.C.Mann and B.C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th edition, Orient Longman, New Delhi, India, 1960.

2. A.I. Vogel, A Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, The English Language Book Society and Longman Group Limited, London, U.K. 1991.

3. E.L.Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, 14th edition, Mc Graw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, U.S.A. 1990.

2023-COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 4hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. General guidelines to use computer.

2. Exercises to develop programs for problems such as calculation of Rf values, optimum rate of filtration, reaction rate constants and simultaneous solution of linear equation.

3. Exercises to develop programs involving the use of students t test, one way ANOVA, Chi-square test, first order, second order equations, standard deviation, correlation and linear regression.

4. Exercises related to use of MS-WORD, EXCEL and POWER POINT

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. J. Shelley and R. Haunt, Computer Studies A First Course, 2nd edition, A.H. Wheeler and Company, Delhi, India, 1990.

2. B., Gottfried, Programing With C, 2nd edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, Delhi 1998.

3. S., Grawford, Window 95, BPB Publications, New Delhi 1997.

4. L.E. Moseley, Boodey, DM, Microsoft Office 97, BPB, 1997.

2024- HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Study of human skeleton and bones e.g. clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, cervical, thorasic and sacral vertebrae, pelvic girdle, femur, tibia, fibula and skull.

2. Study of models of organs of various body systems and surgical instruments.

3. Haemotology : Introduction to use and care of microscope, techniques to prick finger, blood smear, TLC, DLC, RBC, platelet count, haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, bleeding time and coagulation time, ESR, packed cell volume, MCV, MCHC, CI.

4. Human Physiology : The recording of arterial pulse, blood pressure, effect of posture and exercise on blood pressure, mean pressure and heart rate, electrocardigram and mean electrical axis, pulmonary function tests, PEFH, Rinne’s and Webber’s test, tendon reflexes, superficial reflexes, EEG, reaction time, sperm count.

5. Experimental Physiology: Introduction to physiological equipments and physiological solution, simple muscle twitch, fatigue in muscle-nerve preparation, amphibian heart, rabbit jejunum, rectus abdominus muscle of frog.

6. Histology: Identification and study of histology of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, pancreas, small intestine, liver, artery, vein, testes and ovary

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Ghai CL, Text Book of Practical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd, New Delhi, 1993

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM SEMESTER III

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|3001 |PHARMACEUTICS –III (Physical Pharmaceutics) |4hr |

|3002 |ORGANIC AND HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY |4hr |

|3003 |BIOCHEMISTRY |4hr |

|3004 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS I |4hr |

|3005 |HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II |4hr |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|3021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY –II ((Physical Pharmaceutics) | 6hrs |

|3022 |BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY | 6hrs |

III-PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP

|1 |PHARMACEUTICS –III (Physical Pharmaceutics) |1hr |

|2 |ORGANIC AND HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY |1hr |

|3 |BIOCHEMISTRY |1hr |

|4 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS I |1hr |

|5 |HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II |1hr |

3001 PHARMACEUTICS –III (Physical Pharmaceutics)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. States of matter: Phase equilibra and phase rule. (3 lectures)

2. Thermodynamics : First and second law of thermodynamics, free energy functions and applications. (4 lectures)

3. Solubility and Distribution Phenomena: Solvent-solute interaction, solubility of liquids in liquids, solubility of nonionic solids in liquids, distribution of solutes between immiscible solvents. (4 lectures)

4. Diffusion and Dissolution : Steady state of diffusion, procedures and apparatus. Dissolution, drug release, diffusion principles in biologic systems. (3 lectures)

5. Kinetics and Drug Stability: Rates and order of reactions, influence of temperature and other factors on reaction rates. Decomposition and stabilization of medical agents. Accelerated stability analysis. (4 lectures)

Section -B

6. Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon: Surface and interfacial tension, measurement of surface and interfacial tension, spreading coefficient, adsorption phenomena, adsorption at solid/ liquid interface, general classification of surfactants, hydrophilic -lypophilic systems, micelle formation , factors affecting micelle formation , determination of critical micelle concentration, contact angle and wetting agents.Medicinal and pharmaceutical application of surfactants. (10 lectures)

7. Colloids and Macromolecular System: Introduction, types of colloidal systems, optical properties of colliods, kinetic properties of colloids, electrical properties of colloids, stablization. (6 lectures)

Section C

8. Coarse Dispersions: Suspensions interfacial properties of suspended particles, setting in suspensions, emulsions, theories of emulsification, preservation of emulsions. (6 lectures)

9. Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution , methods for determining particle size, particle shape and surface area ,methods for determining surface area and derived properties of powders. (8 lectures)

10. Rheology: Introduction, types of flow, quantitative measuremant of flow, mechanical models to illustrate models of flow on viscoelasticity. Thixotropy, measurement of thioxtropy, pharmaceutical applications of rheology, methods of measuring viscosity. (7 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. P.J. Sinko, Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5 th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2006.

2. D.B. Troy, (ed), Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21 th edition , Vol I-II, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2006.

3002 ORGANIC AND HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Aromatic Compunds : (17 lectures)

1.1 Benzene: Structure, resonance and orbital picture. Aromaticity and Huckel rule. Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

1.2 Polynuclear Hydrocarbons: Synthesis and important chemical reactions of naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.

1.3 Nomenclature,important chemical reactions and synthesis of Six Membered Heterocyclic Compounds:

(i) Pyridine: Hantzsch synthesis.

(ii) Diazines(pyridazine,pyrimidine and pyrazine): Synthesis from 1,4;1,3 and 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds respectively.

Section- B

2. Preparation and Important Chemical Properties of the Following:

Aryl halides, phenols, amines, diazonium salts, nitro compounds, carboxylic acids, carboxamides, sulphonic acids and sulphonamides. (16 lectures)

Section -C

3. Heterocyclic Compounds : Nomenclature, important chemical reactions and synthesis of the heterocyclics as specified below. (16 lectures)

3.1 Five membered heterocyclics.

i) Pyrrole: Paal -Knorr and Hantzsch synthesis, Furan: Paal-Knorr synthesis, Thiophen Paal Knorr and Hinsberg synthesis.

ii) Pyrazole: Synthesis from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds,1,3Azoles(imidazole, oxazole and thiazole): Synthesis from (-keto carbonyl compounds.

iii) Triazole: Synthesis from acetylene and from diacyl hydrazine.

(iv) Tetrazole: Synthesis from hydrogen cyanide.

3.2 Benzfused Heterocyclics :

(i) Indole: Fischer synthesis.

(ii) Quinoline: Skraup synthesis.

(iii) Isoquinoline: Bischler-Napieralski synthesis.

(iv) Acridine: Ullman synthesis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. R.T.Morrison and R.N.Boyd,Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, Prentice Hall Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi, India1992.

2. I.L.Finar,Organic Chemistry Vol. I and II, 6th edition, The English Language Book Society and Longman Group Limited,London, U.K.1995

3. S.M.Mukherji, S.P.Singh and R.P.Kapoor,Organic Chemistry Vol.I and II, Wiley Eastern Limited, New-Delhi, India.1982.

4. R.N.Acheson,An Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 3rd edition, John Willey & Sons,New York, U.S.A.1976.

5. J.Joule and G.Smith,Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2nd edition, The English Language Book Society,London,U.K.1982.

6. R.O.C.Norman,Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, ELBS Chapman and Hall,London,U.K.1993.

7. R.K.Bansal, Heterocyclic Chemistry, Synthesis, Reactions and Mechanisms,Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, India.1990.

3003 - BIOCHEMISTRY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Structure and Function of Macromolecules and Supra Molecular Complexes Derived from them: (17 lectures)

1.1 Amino acids and Proteins: Common structural features of amino acids with special reference to stereoisomerism, zwitter ions, polarity and non-polarity, titration curve, isoelectric pH; primary,secondary tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Introduction to different biological function of protein, separation and sequencing of amino acids.

1.2 Enzymes and Co-Enzymes: classification of enzymes, enzyme kinetics and mechanism of action, enzyme inhibition. allosteric enzyme, isozymes; vitamins and metals as co-enzyme and their significance.

1.3 Lipids: storage and structural lipids; structural and functional importance of triacylglycerol, phospholipids,sphingolipids,sterols,isoprenoid units.

1.4 Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides and disaccharides; epimers, anomers, pyranoses, furanoses, hemiacetal and hemiketal linkage, glucoside bond; polysaccharides and proteoglycans; glycoproteins; glycolipids.

1.5 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides and nucleosides, oligo and poly nucleotides, structure of DNA, mRNA,tRNA,denaturation,hybridization,function of nucleotides.

Section- B

2 Metabolism: (17 lectures)

2.1 Carbohydrate Metabolism: Conversion of monosaccharides to glucose-1-phosphate, glycolysis, fermentation and their regulation, gluconogenesis, glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate pathway.

2.2 TCA Cycle: Production of acetate and importance of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, reaction of TCA cycle, energy conservation in the cycle and importance of anaplerotic reactions, regulation of TCA cycle.

2.3 Oxydative Phosphorylation: Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ATP synthesis , it’s importance and regulation.

2.4 Lipid Metabolism: Digestion , mobilization and transport of fatty acids,(-oxidation , its energetics and regulation, formation of ketone bodies and their importance, biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their regulation.

Section- C

3 Protein and Nucleotide Metabolism: Dietary fate of proteins, transamination reaction and pyridoxal phosphate, ammonia formation, nitrogen excretion and urea cycle, concept of “Krebs bicycle”, catabolism of amino acids, biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides. (9 lectures)

4. Information Pathways: (8 lectures)

4.1 Introduction to the genetic organisation of mammalian genome, DNA replication and repair, mutation.

4.2 Transcription and post transcriptional processing, ribozymes, central dogma and reverse transcriptase.

4.3 Concept of genetic code,. wobble, translation, fidelity in protein synthesis, post translational modification and targetting of proteins.

BOOKS RECOMENDED

1. Albert L.Lehlinger, David L.Nelson and Michael M.Cox., Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, CBS Publishers & Distributers, New Delhi , India 1993.

2. Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, W.H.freeman & company,New York, U.S.A., 1988.

3. E.E. Cohn, P.K. Stumpf, G. Brwening. L.H. Doi, Outlines of Biochemistry, John WIley& sons, Inc, New York, U.S.A., 1987.

4. R.K.Murray, D.K.Granner. P.A.Mayes, V.W.Rodwell, Harpers Biochemistry, Appleton & Lange, Connecticut, U.S.A., 1996.

3004 PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section A

1. Introduction: Concept, development, present status, and scope of Pharmacognosy. (2 lectures)

2. Sources of drugs: Introduction to various natural sources of drugs including plants, animals, marine, microbial and mineral sources; and from plant tissue culture. (4 lectures)

3. Pharmacognostic Classification: Study of different systems of classification of crude drugs (alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological and chemotaxonomical). (4 lectures)

4. Introduction to phytoconstituents: Introduction, general properties, classification and isolation of different classes of phytoconstituents. (6 lectures)

Section B

5. Basic metabolic pathways and plant metabolites: General study of different biosynthetic pathways and biogenesis of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance (Photosynthesis, Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, Shikimic acid pathway, acetate hypothesis, acetate mevalonate pathway, acetate malonate pathway, mixed pathways). (7 lectures)

6. Biopesticides: Natural pest control with special emphasis on study of pesticides of plant origin (Pyrethrum, Neem and tobacco). (5 lectures)

7. Plant hallucinogens, allergens, narcotics and common poisonous plants of India: (Brief overview, chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of common plant hallucinogens and allergens). (5 lectures)

Section C

8. Principles of classification of plants with special reference to (diagnostic features and study of a few important members of each): (6 lectures)

▪ Algae: Rhodophyetae (Agar, Alginic acid )

▪ Fungi: Eumycetes (Ergot, Yeast, Mushrooms)

▪ Gymnosperm: Pinaceae, Gnetaccae, Taxaceae.

▪ Angiosperm: Apocynaccae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Labiatae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophularlaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae.

9. Carbohydrates and derived products: Classification and general chemistry of carbohydrates. Biological Sources, geographical distribution, collection, commercial production, chemical constituents, tests for identity, substituents, adulterants of starches, gums (acacia, tragacanth, sterculia, guargum), plantago, honey, agar. (6 lectures)

10. Commercial Fibres: Biological source, chemical tests for identity and salient microscopic features of commercial fibres used as surgical dressings and filtering aids (cotton, jute, hemp, silk, wool and rayon). (5 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1 Y.E. Tyler , L.R. Brady and J.E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy , 9th edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1988.

2 W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy 16th edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, U.K, 2009

3 T. Robinson, The organic constituents of higher plants, Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, U.S.A., 1967.

4 B. P. Jackson and D.W. Snowdon, Powdered vegetable drugs, Stanley Thornes Ltd, London, U.K., 1974.

4. T. W. Wallis, Textbook of Pharmacogonsy, 5th edition, CBS, Delhi, India, 1985.

5. G.E. Trease, A Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 7th Edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, U.K.

3005-HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Respiratory System: Anatomy of respiratory system , mechanism of pulmonary ventilation , pulmonary volumes and capacities, physical principles and mechanisms of gaseous exchange and transport, regulation of respiration , physiological characteristics of emphysema, pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, hypoxia, hypercapnia , cynosis and dyspnea , artificial respiration. (8 lectures)

2. Excretory System: Physiological anatomy of the kidneys and urinary tract, urine formation, glomerular filtration and its regulation, tubular reabsorption and secretion , regulation of tubular reabsorption , the countercurrent multiplier and exchange systems, renal clearance tests, micturition, nephritic and nephritic syndrome. (8 lectures)

Section- B

4. Digestive System: Physiological anatomy of the digestive system, movements and secretions of its different parts and gut reflexes, digestion of various foods, physiology of gastrointestinal absorption, peptic ulcer, hepatitis, inflammatory bowl disease (9 lectures)

5 Sensory Organs: (7 lectures)

5.1 Physiology of Vision: Anatomy of human eye, image forming mechanism , photoreceptor mechanism,visual pathways and cortex, colour vision ,other visual functions, eye movement, cataract and glaucoma

5.2 Hearing and Equilibrium: Anatomy of ear, mechanism of hearing, auditory pathways , vestibular sensation and maintenance of equilibrium.

3. Chemical Senses: Receptors and pathways of smell and taste . Physiology of olfaction and gustation.

4. Neuropathic pain

Section -C

5. Nervous System: (17 lectures)

6.1 Cellular Physiology of Nervous System: Structure, impulse generation and conduction in neuron, glial cells. Anatomy, electrical events and chemical transmission in neuro effector junction.

6.2 Subdivisions of Nervous System: Anatomy and function of various parts of central nervous system. Coverings of C.S.F. and cerebral ventricles.

6.3 Somatic Sensations : Classification of somatic senses and sensory receptors. Detection and transmission of tactile, pain and thermal sensations.

6.4 Motor Functions : Corticospinal and corticobulbar system. Posture regulating systems, spinal integration, medullary components , midbrain components. The cerebellum, basal ganglia and physiology of overall motor control.

6.5 Central Regulation of Visceral Function: Medulla oblongata and hypothalamus. Physiology of regulation of hunger , thirst, and body temprature.

6.6 Neural Basis of Instinctual Behaviour and Emotions: Anatomy and function of limbic system. Physiology of sexual behavior, fear and rage, motivation.

6.7 Higher Function of Nervous System: Hippocampus, Wrcnick,s area and brocas area. Physiology of learning , memory and speech.

6.8 Arousal Mechanisms , Sleep and Electrical Activity of Nervous System: Reticular formation , reticular activating system, thalamus and cerebral cortex. Electroencephalogram . Physiological basis of conciousness and sleep.

6.9 Autonomic Nervous System: Anatomical organisation , neurotransmitters , adrenergic and cholinergic receptors and responses of effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses.

6.10 Reflexes : Physiological basis of monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes.

6.11 Diseases of central nervous system: Parkinson’ disease, Alzheimer disease, Psychosis, epilepsy, stroke

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 9th edition, Prism Book Pvt Ltd. India 1996

2. Tortora, G.J. and Grabowski, S.R. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 8th edition, Collins College Publishers, Luciano, New York.

3. Ganong, W.F. Review of Medical Physiology, 18th edition Appleton and lange, Stanford, USA, 1997

4. Vinay Kumar, Ramzi S Cotran and S.L.Robins. Basic Pathology ,6 th edition. Prism Books Pvt Ltd. Banglore, India. 1997.

3021 PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY –III (Physical Pharmaceutics)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Experiment to determine particle size, angle of repose, surface and interfacial tension, viscosity of newtonian and non newtonian liquids, HLB value, critical micellae concentration ( CMC) ,bullk density of pharmaceutical solids, spreading coefficient of organic liquids and precipitation value.

2. Preparation and study of properties of complexes, colloids and suspension.

3. Design and conduction of chemical stabilization. Qualitative and quantitave study of adsorption phenomena. Experiments and demonstrating usefulness of solubilising agents.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. A. Martin, Physical Pharmacy,K.M.B. Varghase Co. Bombay, India,1996.

2. Alfonso R. Gennaro,(ed) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19 th edition , Mack Publishing Co., Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1995.

3022 - BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Quantitative and qualitative estimation of reducins sugars, bile salts, cholestrol, proteins, chlorides, phosphates, urea, creatinine in biological fluids.

2. Enzyme estimations ( Alkaline Phosphatase, SGTO, SGPT, LDH, myeloperoxidase, CPK, GPX ) in plasma.

3. Estimation of vitamins ( thymine , riboflavin ) , MDA in biological fluids.

4. Study of physiochemical properties of biomolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Philip B. Hawk , B.L. Oser and W.H. Summerson, Practical Physiological Chemistry. Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York.

2. Louise J. Dancil and A. Leslie Neal , Laboratory Experiments in Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York.

3. John M. Clark Jr. Experimental Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company , San Fransisco.

4. E. Baldwin and D.J. Bell, Cole’s Practical Physiological Chemistry, Cambridge, W.

Herrer and Sons Ltd.

5. I,D.P. Wootan , Micro Analysis in Medical Biochemistry, J and A Churchill Ltd; London.

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM IV SEM

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEE

I THEORY

|4001 |PHARMACEUTICS- IV (Cosmeticology) |2hr |

|4002 |PHARMACOLOGY- I |4hr |

|4003 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-II |4hr |

|4004 |MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY |4hr |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|4021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY IV (Cosmeticology) |4 hr |

|4022 |PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY-I |6 hr |

|4023 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY |6 hr |

|4024 |MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY |6 hr |

|S.No. |TITLE OF WORKSHOP |HRS/WEEK |

|III PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP | |

|1. |PHARMACOLOGY- I |1hr |

|2. |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-II |1hr |

|3. |MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY |1hr |

|4. |PHARMACEUTICS - IV (Cosmeticology) |1hr |

4001-PHARMACEUTICS- IV (Cosmeticology)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 2 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Raw Materials Used for Cosmetic Preparations: Surfactants, oil components, waxes, silicone oils, cream bases, o/w emulsifiers, w/o emulsifiers, humectants, aerosol propellants, perfumes, colors. (5 lectures)

2. Hair Care Products: Introduction, hair structure , formulation aspects of shampoos, conditioners, styling aids, setting lotions, hair creams, bleaches, hair dyes, hair removers and anti-dandruff preparations. (4 lectures)

Section -B

3. Skin Care Products: Introduction, anatomy and physiology of skin, formulation aspects of skin cleansers, moisturizers, sunscreen products, acne products, creams and lotions. (3 lectures)

4. Colour Cosmetics: Introduction, formulation aspects of nail polish, cuticle remover, nail polish remover, lip colour, face make up, eye make up. (3 lectures)

5. Dental Products: Anatomy and physiology of teeth, formulation aspects of dentifrices and oral rinses. (2 lectures)

Section- C

6. Personal Hygiene Products: Formulation aspects of toilet soaps, shaving soaps, antiperspirants and deodorants. (2 lectures)

7. Evaluation of various cosmetic preparations. (2 lectures)

8. Quality control of various cosmetic preparations. (2 lectures)

9. Packaging of cosmetics and toiletries. (3 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMENDED:

1. A.R.Gennaro (ed), Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19th edition, Mack Publishing company, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. ,1995.

2. D.F. Williams and W.H. Schmitt, Chemistry and Technology of Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry, 1st edition, Blackie Academic and Professional , Glasgow, U.K.,1992.

3. W.A.Poucher, Perfumes , Cosmetics and Soaps vol 1,2 and 3, 9 th edition, Chapman and Hall, London, U.K., 1991.

4. R.M. Baird and S.F. Bloomfield , Microbial Quality Assurance in Cosmetics, Toiletries and Nonsterile Pharmaceuticals, 2nd edition , Francis and Taylor, Bristol, U.S.A., 1996.

5. M.S. Balsam and E. Sagarin, Cosmetics Science and Technology, Second Edition, Vol 1 and 2, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1992.

6. J.H. Briston, Packaging of Cosmetics and Toiletries, 1st Edition, Newnes, Butterworths and Company, London, 1974.

4002 PHARMACOLOGY- I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. General and Basic Principles of Pharmacology: (16 lectures)

1.1 Definition , scope, and various branches of Pharmacology. Historical development of pharmacological thought with special reference to development of pharmacology in India

1.2 Routes of drug administration.

1.3 Pharmacokinetics : Mechanisms of principles of absorption , distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs

1.4 Pharmacodynamics : Principles of drug action , molecular mechanism of drug action , concept of receptors, theories of drug receptor interaction , agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, synergism, various types of antagonism, brief description of cellular signaling systems, factors modifying drug action, tolerance and tachyphylaxis.

Section -B

2. Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: (10 lectures)

2.1 Organisation and function of autonomic nervous system, autonomic transmission, cotransmission.

2.2 Cholinergic system and drugs: Cholinergic transmission, cholinoceptors, parasympathomimetic agents, anticholinesterases and anticholinergic drugs.

2.3 Adrenergic system and drugs : Adrenergic transmission , biosynthesis storage, release, reuptake and metabolism of endogenous catecholamines, adrenergic receptors, adrenergic drugs, ( & ( adrenoceptors blockers, adrenergic neuron blockers.

2.4 Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia: Ganglionic transmission , ganglionic stimulants, ganglion blocking agents.

2.5 Neuromuscular blocking agents.

3. Autacoids and Related Drugs: (4 lectures)

3.1 Histamine , 5- hydroxytryptamine and their antagonist.

3.2 Plasma Kinnins and Angiotensin

3.3 Eicosanoids

4. Local Anesthetics (2 lectures)

Section- C

5 Drugs Acting On Central Nervous System: (16 lectures)

5.1 Synaptic transmission in central nervous system .

5.2 General anesthetics : Theories of anesthesia, stages of anesthesia, inhalation anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics , pre-anesthetic medication.

5.3 Pharmacology of alcohol.

5.4 Sedative-hypnotics : Barbiturates, benzodiozepines , and non- barbiturate hypnotics

5.5 Antiepiliptic drugs , and antiparkinsonian drugs.

5.6 Drugs used in mental illness: antipsychotic agents, antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, antimaniac drugs, hallucinogens.

5.7 Opioid analgesics and antagonists.

5.8 Non- opioid analgesics and non steoridal anti-inflammatory agents and other drugs for arthritis , drugs used in gout.

5.9 Central nervous system stimulants and cerebroactive drugs.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. C.R. Craig and R.E. Stitzel, Modern Pharmacology, 6th Edition, Little Brown and Company, New York, U.S.A.,

2. J.G.Hardman and L.E.Limbird (eds), Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th edition, Mc Graw Hill, NewYork, U.S.A.

3. K.D.Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th edition, Jaypee Brothers New Delhi, India.

4003 - PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Cultivation, Collection, Processing & Storage (17 lectures)

A. General principles of cultivation, collection and storage of vegetable drugs of commercial significance from wild & cultivated source. Detailed study of cultivation of senna, dioscorea, mentha, ocimum, ginseng, isabgol, taxus

B. Advantages & disadvantages of cultivation.

C. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants and quality of drug constituents.

D. Plant hormones & their applications.

2. Crude drug adulteration

3. Plant drug standardization

a) Requirement of plant drug standardization

b) Different methods of drug evaluation (organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological).

Section -B

4. Terpenoids: Brief introduction to terpenoids (biogenesis, classification, identification). (9 lectures)

5. Essential oils: Introduction to volatile oils. Study of their biogenesis, chemistry, isolation, identification and commercial utilization. Study of volatile oil containing drugs (occurance, constituents and uses): hydrocarbons ( pepper, turpentine) ; alcohol (mentha, coriander, cardamom) ; aldehyde ( cinnamon, cassia, lemon peel, lemon grass, citronella, cumin ); ketone ( caraway, dill, spearmint ) ; phenol (clove); phenolic ether ( anise, star anise, fennel, nutmeg) ; oxides (eucalyptus, chenopodium). (7 lectures)

(Pharmacognostic study of the underlined drugs)

Section- C

6. Alkaloids: General introduction, classification, isolation and chemistry of alkaloids. (10 lectures)

Study of drugs containing alkaloids (occurance, diagnostic macro and microscopic features, chemical constituentes, biosynthesis and uses): pyridine-piperidine alkaloids (nicotiana, areca nut and lobelia); tropane alkaloids (belladonna, hyoscyamus, stramonium duboisia,coca and withania); quinoline and isoquinoline (cinchona, ipecac); indole alkaloids (nux-vomica, ergot, rauwolfia, catharanthus); steroidal alkaloids (kurchi, solanum), alkaloidal amines (ephedra, colchicum); phenanthrene alkaloids (opium), imidazole( pilocarpine).

7. Xanthine bases: Isolation, chemistry and synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine. (6 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1 V.E. Tyler , L.R. Brady and J.E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy , 9th edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1988.

2 W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy 16th edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, U.K, 2009

3 T. Robinson, The organic constituents of higher plants, Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, U.S.A., 1967.

4 B. P. Jackson and D.W. Snowdon, Powdered vegetable drugs, Stanley Thornes Ltd, London, U.K., 1974.

5 T. W. Wallis, Textbook of Pharmacogonsy, 5th edition, CBS, Delhi, India, 1985.

6. I.L.Finar,Organic Chemistry Vol. I and II, 6th edition, The English Language Book Society and Longman Group Limited,London, U.K.1995

4004 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Max Marks 80

Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

Microbiology :

1. An Introduction to Microbiology: Scope, importance and applications of microbiology in relevance to clinical practice and industries, basic concept of sterilization, physical and chemical processes of control. (3 lectures)

2. Systematic Microbiology: Study of various microbial types including their general characteristics and identification methods. (3 lectures)

3. Bacteriology: (6 lectures)

3.1. Morphology of Bacteria: Size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cells and their structures, including cell wall, structures internal and external to it.

3.2. Physiology and Biochemistry of Bacteria: Nutritional requirements and types of bacteria, cultivation of bacteria, physical conditions required for growth, reproduction, various pathways of bacterial metabolism.

4. Virology: General characteristics, morphology, structure and composition of viruses with special emphasis on structure and replicationof bacteriophages; lytic and lysogenic cycles; examples of some common viral infections. (4 lectures)

Section-B

5. An Introduction to Immunology: Concepts of internal and external innate immunity, acquired immunity (active, humoral and cell mediated), immune response. ( 3lectures)

6. Cells and Organs of the Immune System: Major cell types in immune system, B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells, primary and secondary lymphoid organs. (5 lectures)

7. Antigens: Immunogenicity and antigenicity, antigenic determinants (epitopes), haptens. (3 lectures)

8. Antibodies: Structure, classification, distributation and biological effector functions of antibodies. ( 4lectures)

9. Antigen Antibody Reactions: Charcteristics of antigen-antibody reactions, and their methods of detection: ELISA (direct and indirect), precipitation, neutralization, complement fixation, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, agglutination (active ,passive and haemagglutinaiton). (3 lectures)

Section -C

10 Microbial Pathogenesis and Human Diseases: Factors affecting host-microbe interaction, pathogenecity, virulence and mechanism of infection, virulence factors with special reference to toxins. Examples of common bacterial infections. (4 lectures)

11. Major Histocompatibility Complex and Transplantation Immunology : Structure of MHC molecules, their genes (HLA complexes) and functional importance,autograft, syngraft, allograft and xenograft, graft rejection , graft vs host reaction (4 lectures)

12. Immunomodulation: Immunopotentiation, immunosupression and immunological tolerance. (2 lectures)

13. The Complement System: Pathways of complement activation, regulatory mechanisms, biological consequences and significance of complement activation. (3 lectures)

14. Hypersenstivity and Autoimmunity: The Gell and Coombs classification (Type I, II, III and IV reactions) some common autoimmune diseases (organ specific and systemic), their causes and consequences. ( 3lectures)

15. Immunization: Active and passive immunization and their hazards. (2 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMENDED:

1 M.J.Pelczar Jr., Microbiology, Tata Mc Grow Hill Edition, New Delhi, India, 1993.

2. B.D. Davis, R. Dulbecco. H.N. Eisen and H.S.Ginsberg, Microbiology ,4th edition, J.B.Lippincott company, Pensylvania, U.S.A., 1990.

3. R.Y.Stanyer, J.L.Ingraham, M.L.Wheelis, P.R.Painter,The Microbial World, 5th edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,India, 1986.

4. K.J. Ryan,Sherris Medical Microbiology : An Introduction to Infectious Diseases, 3rd edition , Appleton & Lange, Connecticut, U.S.A. ,1994.

5. Klaus D. Elgert, Immunology: Understanding the Immune System Wiley-Liss, Inc.,605Third Avenue, New York,U.S.A., 1996.

6. Daniel P Strites, A.I.Terr& T.G. Parslow, Medical Immunology, Appleton & Lange A Simon & Schuster Company, Connecticut, U.S.A., 1994.

7. I.Roitt, J.Brostoff, D. Male, Immunology, Times Mirror International Publishers Ltd, Barcelona,Spain. 1996.

8. A.K. Abbas, A.H. Lichtman and J.S.Pober, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, W.B.Sannders Company, Philadelphia, Pensylvania,U.S.A., 1997.

4021 PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY IV (Cosmeticology)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Preparation and quality control of the following cosmetic preparations:

1. Cold cream.

2. Vanishing cream.

3. All purpose cream.

4. Emollient cream and lotion.

5. Hand cream and lotion .

6. Deep cleansing milk.

7. Moisturising cream and lotion.

8. Face powder.

9. Talcum powder.

10. Nail lacwquer remover.

11. Nail enamel.

12. Skin tonics.

13 Hair creams for hair conditioner.

14. Shampoos

15. Hair colourents

16. Depiliatory preparations.

17. Shaving creams and sticks.

18. Lipstic base.

19. After shave lotions.

20. Tooth powders.

21. Tooth paste

22. Antiperspirant and deodrant preparations.

4022 PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY-I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Pharmacology of receptors: Dose-response relationships, synergism and antagonism.

2. ADME studies: Study of various routes of administration and sleeping time.

3. Pharmacological techniques: Common evaluation techniques of analgesics, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics, drugs affecting muscle rigidity.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. M.N. Gosh, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 2nd edition, Scientific Books Agency, Calcutta, India, 1984.

2. U.K.Sheth, N.K. Dadkar and U.G. Kamath, Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology, Kothari Book Depot, Bombay, India, 1972.

3. Edinburgh University Pharmacology Staff (ed), Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations; Livingstone, London, U.K., 1968.

4023 - PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Organoleptic evaluation of crude drugs.

2. Microscopic Studies:

2.1 Use, care and focusing practice of microscope.

2.2 Histological studies of dicot and monocot root, stem and leaf and also of some seed, fruit, bark drugs.

2.3 Study of diagnostic structures (trichomes, stomata, calcium oxalate crystals etc.)

and ergastic principles in powdered crude drugs.

2.4 Quantitative microscopy of leafy drugs.

3. Study Of Commercial Fibres: Microscopic and chemical study of fibers and dressings.

4. Qualitative chemical tests for different phytoconstituent groups.

5. Simple extraction exercises (eg. starch, caesin).

6. Field collection of medicinal and aromatic plants. Preparation of herbarium sheets and monograph on one of the plants collected.

4024- MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Introduction to instruments/equipments used in microbiology and immunology laboratory, various types of culture media. Simple and differential staining of micro-organisms.

2. Isolation, purification, maintance and preservation techniques of aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Morphological, cultural, biochemical characterization of micro- organisms.

3. Isolation of bacterial and cynophages, microbial growth measurement by different techniques and determination of factors affecting growth of micro-organisms.

4. Microbiological evaluation of clinically important pharmaceutical products.

5. Immunization of animals, enumeration of T and B cells, determination of Antigen-Antibody reactions.

6. Determination of cell mediated immunity by leukocyte migration inhibition methods. Determination of antibodies by ELISA method.

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM SEMESTER V

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|5001 |PHARMACEUTICS -V ( Biological Pharmacy) |4 hrs |

|5002 |MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I | 4 hrs |

|5003 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-III |4 hrs |

|5004 |INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING |4 hrs |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|5021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-V (Biological Pharmacy) |6hrs |

|5022 | MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I |6hrs |

|5023 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY |6hrs |

III PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP

|S.No. |TITLE OF WORKSHOP | |

|1. |PHARMACEUTICS -V (Biological Pharmacy) |1 hr |

|2. | MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I |1 hr |

|3. |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-III |1 hr |

|4. |INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING |1 hr |

5001 PHARMACEUTICS -V ( Biological Pharmacy)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Disinfection: Factors influencing disinfection, dynamics of disinfection, disinfectants , antiseptics and their evaluation. (4 lectures)

2. Sterilization: Methods of sterilization i.e. physical, chemical , heat, radiation, gaseous and filtration methods, evaluation of efficiency of sterilization methods, equipments employed on large scale sterilization , examples of the materials sterilized by different methods, sterility indicators. (6 lectures)

3. Sterility Testing : Sterility testing of products according to I.P., B.P. and U.S.P. sterility testing of parenteral products(solid, liquids), ophthalmic and other sterile products according to I.P., B.P. and U.S.P. , sterility testing of sterile surgical devices, dressings, implants, haemostats, surgical ligatures and sutures, pyrogen testing (Rabbit and LAL test). (8 lectures)

Section- B

4. Aseptic Technique: Sources of contamination and methods of prevention, designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments, their service and maintenance (3 lectures)

5. Microbiological Standardization: Microbiological methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and aminoacids. (5 lectures)

6. Microbial Spoilage and Preservation of Pharmaceutical Products : Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage, preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulation. (5 lectures)

7. Control of Microbial Contamination during Manufacture: General aspect of environmental cleanliness and hygiene, quality of starting materials, process design, quality and documentation. (3 lectures)

Section- C

8. Immunological Preparations: General method of preparation of bacterial vaccines, viral vaccines, rickettsial vaccines, antitoxins,serum immune blood additives and interferon. Methods of preparation, standardization and storage of BCG vaccine, Diptheria toxoid , small pox vaccine, polio myelitis vaccine, tetanus antitoxin and diagnostic biologicals. (8 lectures)

9. Blood and Glandular Products : Preparation of extracts and isolation of pure substances for the preparation of dosage from pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, ovary, pancreas, stomach and liver, official blood products and plasma expanders. (8 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 5 th edition , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford U.K., 1977.

2. Gilbert S. Banker and Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1990.

3. Gennaro A. R.(ed), Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 1990.

4. G. Reed (ed), Prescott and Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology 4 th edition CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India, 1982.

5002- MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

SECTION- A

1. Principles of medicinal chemistry including physico-chemical and steric aspects relating to absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs. (7 lectures)

2. Study of following classes of drugs with special emphasis on chemical structure and nomenclature of individual drugs, outline of synthetic procedures for selected drugs, therapeutic uses, structure activity relationships including physico-chemical and steric aspects and mode of action: (10 lectures)

2.1 Sympathomimetic agents including biosynthesis and metabolism of adrenergic neurotransmitters.

2.2 Adrenoceptor blockers; cholinergic agents including antispasmodiacs, ganglion blockers and neuromuscular blockers.

SECTION -B

3. Study of following classes of drugs with special emphasis on chemical structure and nomenclature of individual drugs, outline of synthetic procedures for selected drugs, therapeutic uses, structure activity relationships including physico-chemical and steric aspects and mode of action:

3.1 Cardiac glycosides and inotropic agents.

3.2 Antianginal agents and coronary vasodilators.

3.3 Antihypertensive agents and antiarrhythmic agents.

3.4 Hypolipidaemic agents, coagulants and anticoagulants, diuretics.

SECTION -C

4. Study of following classes of drugs with special emphasis on chemical structure and nomenclature of individual drugs, outline of synthetic procedures for selected drugs, therapeutic uses, structure activity relationships including physico-chemical and steric aspects and mode of action: (16 lectures)

a. Local anaesthetics,

b. general anaesthetics,

c. sedative- hypnotics,

d. antiepileptic drugs,

e. antipsychotics,

f. antianxiety agents,

g. central nervous system stimulants and psychedelics.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. J.M.Delgado and W.A. Remers, Wilson and Gisvold’s Text Book Of Medicinal Chemistry, 9th edition, J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A. ,1991.

2. W.O. Foye, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition ,Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1995.

3. L.M.Atherden, Bentley and Driver’s, Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, London, U.K., 1962.

4. Medicinal Chemistry, First Edition (2010), Balkishen Razdan, CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

5003 - PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS – III

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Introduction to phenolic compounds: An overview of different phenolic compounds and their uses. (3 lectures)

2. Flavonoids: Chemistry, classification and identification of flavonoids. Study of flavonoid containing plants (biological source, geographical sources, plant description, constituents, and uses): orange and Ruta graveolens. (5 lectures)

3. Coumarins: Chemistry, classification and identification of coumarins. Study of coumarins containing plants (biological source, geographical sources, plant description, constituents, and uses): Psoralea, Ammi majus, Ammi visnaga. (3 lectures)

4. Tannins: Study of tannins and tannin containing plants (biological source, geographical sources, plant description, constituents, tests for identification and uses): catechu (pale and black), tannic acid galls, harar and bahera. (4 lectures)

Section -B

5. Lipids: Classification, chemistry and biogenesis of lipids. General method of extraction and purification of fixed oils. Study of lipid products (biological source, description, preparation, chemical constituents, tests for identity and uses): arachis oil, castor oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, chaulmoogra oil, olive oil, wool fat, codliver oil, shark liver oil, cocoa butter, bees wax. (6 lectures)

6. Resin and Resin Combinations: Nature, occurance, chemistry, collection, preparation and uses of drugs containing balsams (tolu balsam, peru balsam, benzoin); resin acid (colophony), gum resin (myrrh, asafoetida) and resins (colocynth, ginger, turmeric, capsicum, cannabis,) glycoresins ( jalap, podophyllum). (5 lectures)

7. Plant Enzymes: Introduction, general methods of isolation, purification, and applications. Biological sources, methods of separation, chemical nature and uses of: Papain, Diastase, Pepsin, Bromelains, Ficin, Trypsin, Maltase, Pancreatin, Urokinase, Hyaluronidase, Asparaginase,Pectinase. (6 lectures)

Section- C

8. Glycosides: Chemistry and biogenesis of glycosides. General methods of isolation and purification of glycosides. Study of drugs containing (biological source, description, chemical constituents, tests for identity and uses): anthraquinone glycosides (cascara, aloe, rhubarb, senna); cardiac glycosides (digitalis, strophanthus , squill, thevetia ); bitter glycosides ( quassia, gentian, chirata ); saponins(liquorice, dioscorea, quillaia, ginseng ); flavonoid glycosides ( rutin ) others (psoralea, Ammi majus). (7 lectures)

9. Vitamins: Introduction and general properties. Study of natural sources rich in vitamins: amla, lemon, carrot, cod liver oil and shark liver oil. (5 lectures)

10. Pharmaceutical aids: Study of natural products used as pharmaceutical aids: Talc, kaolin, bentonite, gelatin and natural colours. (6 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1 V.E. Tyler , L.R. Brady and J.E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy , 9th edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1988.

2 W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy 16th edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, U.K, 2009.

3 T. Robinson, The organic constituents of higher plants, Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, U.S.A., 1967.

4 B. P. Jackson and D.W. Snowdon, Powdered vegetable drugs, Stanley Thornes Ltd, London, U.K., 1974.

5 T. W. Wallis, Textbook of Pharmacogonsy, 5th edition, CBS, Delhi, India, 1985.

6. I.L.Finar,Organic Chemistry Vol. I and II, 6th edition, The English Language Book Society and Longman Group Limited,London, U.K.1995

5004- INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Basic Principle of Organization of Management: Evolution of management theory, system approach, organizational climate, globalization, quality management, decision making, rational mode of decision making and strategic planning. (8 lectures)

2. Human Resource Management: Organisational structure and its type, man power planning , recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, compensation, promotions, transfers, leadership, team work, authority delegation and job design. Motivation, its objectives, types and theories. Communication, its nature, importance and types. Barriers to communication, communication failure and modes of effective communication. Problem of labor management, industrial disputes and their remedies. Grievances and conflicts, their causes and handling procedures. (8 lectures)

Section- B

3. Finance Management: Capital planning, types and uses of budget, preparation of budget, forecasting techniques, financial statements and financial analysis. (7 lectures)

4. Material Management: Objective and organization of purchasing, methods of purchasing and vendor analysis. Materials handling, equipment, inventory control-objectives, inventory classification such as FIFO, ABC, FSN, and VED analysis. Value engineering, lead time, EOQ, inventory carrying costs and safety stock. (9 lectures)

Section -C

5. Production Management : Facilities location and planning, various factors affecting choice of location. Plant lay out designs-tableting capsule, perenterals, ointments and stores. Process layout and product layout. Production planning and control-types of production, line of balancing, scheduling and control of production. Work study-need, methods, flow patterns and charts, motion and operation analysis. Time study-performance rating, developing standards. Waste management, operation research, management of information systems and technology management. (8 lectures)

6. Marketing Management : Goals, strategic planning and marketing environment. Analysis of market potential-market research, marketing organization and demand forecasting. Product management (designing products), pricing and promotion, sales and distribution, competitors analysis. (8 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. J.A.F.Stoner, R.E.Freeman and D.R.Gilbert, Management, 6 th edition, Prentice Hall, Delhi, India, 1996.

2. P.Kotler, Marketing Management-Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control 8 th edition, Prentice Hall, Delhi, India, 1996.

3. H.A.Smith, Principles and Methods of Pharmacy Management, 3 rd edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1986.

4. C.B.Mamoria, Personal Management, 12 th edition, Himalya Publishing House, Bombay, India, 1994.

5. P.Gopalkrishan and M.Sundaresan, Materials Management : An Integrated Approach, Prentice Hall, Delhi, India, 1993.

6. L.Lachman, H.A.Liberman and J.L.Kanic, Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1986.

7. P.Kotler, Principles of Marketing, 5th edition, Prentice Hall, Delhi, India, 1991.

5021-PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-V ( BIOLOGICAL PHARMACY )

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Evaluation of Sterilizing Techniques.

2. Evaluation of antiseptic and disinfectants i.e.RWC, FD, method and chick-martin.

3. Sterility testing using different methods as per I.P., B.P., and U.S.P.

4. Microscopic examination of living bacterial preparation by hanging drop procedure.

5. Find out the viable bacterial count of the bacterial culture by pour plate technique.

6. Find out the total bacterial count by turbidimetery and microscopically.

7. To carry out biochemical activities of micro-organisms such as starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction , litmus milk test. gelatin liquefaction and haemolysis of blood.

8. Enumeration of skin, laboratory and normal throat flora.

9. Microbial viable count in pharmaceutical product, total count of bacteria.

10. To study the effect of temperature, pH of medium on growth.

11. Thermal death time.

12. Microbiological assay of antibiotics and vitamin B12.

13. Isolation of antibiotic procedure.

14. Bacteriophage isolation and characteristics.

15. Standardization of surgical dressings, sutures and ligatures.

16. Screen the organisms for amylolytic activity.

17. To find out the amylase , proteolytic and lipase activity of pancreatin.

18. Standard analysis of water and biochemical oxygen demand.

19. Preparation of glandular products.

5022- MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Synthesis of compounds of medicinal interest including heterocyclic compounds

Stereomodel workshops.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. B.S.Furniss, A.G.Hannaford, P.W.G.Smith and A.R.Tatchel, Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, The ELBS and Longman, London, U.K.1989.

2. F.G.Mann and B.C.Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, Orient Longman Limited, New-Delhi, India, 1983.

3. Pharmacoepia of India, 3rd edition, Vol. I and II. Controller of Publications, Delhi, India, 1985.

5023 - PHARMACOGNOSY & NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Pharmacognostic study of drugs listed in theory.

2 Quantitative chemical evaluation of fixed oils listed in theory.

3 Extraction of phytoconstitutents (caffine, piperine, aloin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate).

4 Isolation of volatile oils from (fennel. mentha, tulsi.lemon grass).

5 Simple exercise on plant enzyme (dehydrogenase, catalase, lipase).

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM SEMESTER VI

PAPER NO TITLE OF PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|6001 |PHARMACEUTICS -VI (Pharmaceutical Technology- I) |4 hrs |

|6002 |PHARMACOLOGY- II |4 hrs |

|6003 |PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS II |4 hrs |

|6004 |HOSPITAL PHARMACY |2 hrs |

II LABORATORY (PRACTICAL)

|6021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-VI (Pharmaceutical Technology-I) |6 hrs |

|6022 |PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY-II |6 hrs |

|6023 |PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS II |6 hrs |

III PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP

|S.No. |TITLE OF WORKSHOP |HRS/WEEK |

|1. |PHARMACEUTICS-VI(Pharmaceutical Technology-I) |1 hr |

|2. |PHARMACOLOGY II |1 hr |

|3. |PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS II |1 hr |

|4. |HOSPITAL PHARMACY |1 hr |

6001- PHARMACEUTICS VI (PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY I

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Microencapsulation : Microencapsulation including study of core and coat material, equipment, processing and evaluation.

2. Tablet Technology: (9 lectures)

2.1 Tablet Dosage Form: Advantages and disadvantages of tablet dosage form, various forms of tablet such as coated and compressed layer tablets, effervescent, sublingual, buccal and chewable tablets, medicated lozenges, sustained release tablets.

2.2 Tablet Formulation : Dry and wet granulation, properties of compressed tablets, systematic approach to tablet production design, components and additives of tablets, production of tablets including study of various processes, methods of manufacture of tablets. Problems in tablet manufacture.

2.3 Compression and Compaction: Properties of tablets influenced by compression.

2.4 Tablet Coating: Sugar coating including equipment, film and compression coating, methods of evaluating film coating, particle coating techniques.

2.5 Evaluation of Tablets: Tablet thickness, colour, weight variation, friability, disintigration, hardness, dissolution and content uniformity.

2.6 Pharmaceutical Tablet Compression Tooling: Terminology, tablet design, specification and information required, use and care of tooling, problem solving.

Section- B

3. Emulsions : General considerations, theories of emulsification, formulation of emulsions, evaluation of emulsions, stability and shelf life of emulsions , official products. (5 lectures)

4. Suspensions : Particle-particle interactions , crystal structure factors, rheologic considerations, wetting agents, insoluble phase preparation , formulation, evaluation stability , official suspensions, gels and magmas. (5 lectures)

5. Semisolids: Structure of skin, roots of penetration percutaneous absorption, factors affecting it, raw materials , types of vehicles , preservation , industrial, processing , creams, ointments and contraceptive products. ( 6lectures)

Section- C

6. Capsules: Hard and soft gelatin capsules, method of manufacturing, material used, prcessing and quality control, pharmaceutical application. (5 lectures)

7. Suppositories: Dose characteristics, therapeutic uses, physiological and physiochemical factors affecting drug absorption from rectum, types of suppository bases, formulation problems, manufacture , testing and packaging of suppositories. (5 lectures)

8. Accelerated Stability Studies: Compendial and FDA requirement, kinetic studies, solid-solid degradation , solid dosage form degradation, mechanisms that affect tablet stability ,expiration dating and computer application. (6 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1.. H.A.Liebermann and L.Lachman, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Tablets Vol I, II, III Marrcel Dekker Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1980.

2. L.Lachman, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd edition Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1987.

3. A.R.Gennaro (ed) Remington: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, , U.S.A., 1990.

4. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics The Sciences of Dosage Form Design ,I st edition, English Language Book Society, London, U.K., 1988.

5. G.S. Banker and C.T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, vol 40, 2nd ed Marcel dekker Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1990.

6. H.C. Ansel and N.C. Popovich, Pharmaceutical Dosage and Drug delivery System, 5th edition, Lea and Febiger, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,1990.

6002-PHARMACOLOGY-II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System: Cardiac glycosides and drug for congestive cardiac failure, coronary insufficiency and antianginal, antihypertensive drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs. (8 lectures)

2. Drugs acting on Haemopoietic System: Anti anaemic agents, drugs for coagulation disorders, fibrinolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, drugs used in bleeding disorders, agents used in hyperlipidemia. (7 lectures)

Section -B

3. Drugs Acting on Kidney: Diuretics. (5 lectures)

4. Drugs Acting on Gastrointestinal Tract: Drugs for treatment of peptic ulcer, emetics, antiemetics and prokinetic agents, purgatives and anti diarrhoeal agents. (7 lectures)

5. Hormones and Related Drugs : Introduction to endocrine pharmacology, pituitary hormones, oxytocic and tocolytic agents, thyroid hormones and anti thyroid agents, hormones of pancreas and hypoglycaemic agents, adrenal corticosteroids and corticosteroid antagonists, gonadal hormones and their inhibtors, oral contraceptives, drugs regulating calcium homeostasis. (3 lectures)

6. Drugs acting on Respiratory System: Bronchitis, Asthma, Cough (3 lectures)

Section- C

7. Chemotherapy : Basic principles of chemotherapy, sulfonamides and trimethoprim, quinolones, urinary antiseptics, (-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, antibacterial agents with special indications, chemotherapy of tuberculosis and leprosy, antiviral drugs, pharmacology of AIDS, antifungal drugs, antiprotozoal agents, anthelmintics, cancer chemotherapy. (16 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. K.D.Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th edition, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, India.

2. P.K.Das, S.K.Bhattacharya and P.Sen, Pharmacology B.I.Churchill Livingstone Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1995.

3. C.R.Craig and R.E. Stitzel, Modern Pharmacology, 6th Edition, Little Brown and Company, New York, U.S.A.

4. J.G.Hardman and L.E.Limbird (eds), Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th edition, Mc Graw Hill, New-York, U.S.A.

5. B.G.Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th edition, Prentice Hall, International Inc., New Jersey, U.S.A.

6003 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Non-Aqueous Titrations : Theoretical considerations , scope and limitations, acid base equilibria in non aqueous media, titration of weak bases, titration of weak acids. Indicators. Pharmaceutical products should be selected for illustration e.g.ephedrine, phensuximide and ethsuximide. (4 lectures)

2. Complexometric Titrations : Concept of complexation and chelation, Werner’s coordination number and electronic structure of complex ions , stability constants , titration curves, masking and demasking agents. Types of complexometric titration, metal ion indicators, factors influencing the stability of complexes, applications e.g. calcium gluconate, bismuth carbonate and bismuth sub-nitrate. (4 lectures)

3. Aquametry: Brief account of aquametry. Physical methods for water determination, azeotropic distillation, refractive index, spectrophotometricmethod.Electrochemical methods, chemical methods for water determination, Karl Fischer’s method of moisture determination, other chemical methods involving use of organic and inorganic reagents. (3 lectures)

4. Phase Solubility Analysis: Theory, experimental procedure, applications in pharmaceutical analysis. (3 lectures)

5. Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis: Kjeldahl’s nitrogen determination. Determination of alcohol in liquid galenicals. Oxygen flask combustion , gasometry. (3 lectures)

Section- B

6. Chromatography: Introduction , classification and study of different chromatographic methods and its applications.Theory of chromatography , retention mechanisms, and band broadening. Preparative thin layer chromatography including centrifugally controlled circular TLC, quantitative TLC, Chromatoscanning, finger printing technique.Droplet counter current chromatography. GLC and HPLC, instrumentation with particular reference to its application in quantitative estimation of drugs. Size exclusion chromatography and its applications. (10 lectures)

7. Ion-Exchange and Molecular Sieve Processes : Theory of ion exchange, type of exchangers, ion exchange equilibria, ion exchange capacity, ion exchange separation, applications in pharmaceutical analysis, molecular sieve separation and applications. (8 lectures)

Section -C

8. Potentiometry : The electric cell, electrode potential ,half cells, types of half cells, sign conventions, Nernst equation , salt bridge , activity series , standard potential , standard hydrogen electrode, measuring the relative voltage of half cells, calculations of standard potential, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes. Theoretical considerations of potentiometry, ion selective electrodes, measurement of potential, location of end point, equipment, potentiometric acid- base titrations, direct measurement of metal concentrations, determination of Ksp ,pH measurement , oxidation reduction titrations, applications in pharmacy. (5 lectures)

9. Conductometric Analysis: Definitions of units in conductometric titrations , determination of water, analysis of salt solutions , measurement of conductance, high frequency ( oscillometric ) method, applications. ( 5 lectures)

10. Coulometric Titrations: Controlled potential and constant current coulometry, cell design, instrumentation , advantages and limitations, electrode selection and applications. (3 lectures)

11. Polarography: Theory, mass transport processes, current processes, current potential relationship, polarization, choice of electrodes, effect of oxygen, instrumentation , calculation of concentration , laboratory design and safety. (2lectures)

12. Amperometric Titrations: Concepts and applications of amperometric titrations . (2lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, vol.I & II, The Athlone Press of The University of London, U.K., 1976.

2. J.Bassett, R.C.Denny, G.H. Jeffery and J. Medhan, Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis, IVth edition, The ELBS and Longman,London, U.K., 1978.

3. H.H.Willard, L.L.Merriet and J.A. Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 5 th edition,Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York , U.S.A., 1974.

4. L.G.Chatten, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry vol. I & II, Marcel Dekker, New York, U.S.A., 1969.

5. K.A. Connors, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 3rd edition, Wiley-Inter-Science, New York, U.S.A., 1982.

6. A.M. Kinevol and F.B. Digangi. Jenkin’s Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New York, U.S.A., 1977.

7. R.E. Schirmer, Modern Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis vol I,II, and III, CRC Press, Florida, U.S.A., 1982.

8. D.A. Skoog, Principles Of Instrumental Analysis, 3rd edition, Holt Rinchard and Winston Inc., New YorkU.S.A., 1985.

6004— HOSPITAL PHARMACY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 2 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Introduction: Organisational structure, classification and types of hospitals. Functions, planning, location and layout of hospital pharmacy. Flow chart of departmental activities (inpatient and outpatient), and relationship of pharmacy with other services in the hospital. (3lectures)

2. Hospital Pharmacy Management: Organisation of pharmacy services, pharmacy and therapeutic committee.Man power planning in hospital pharmacy. Preparation of procedural manual, hospital formulary and budget. Purchase of drugs from distributors and Inventory control. (4lectures)

Section- B

3. Preparation of Formulation: Central sterile supply room, manufacture of sterile preparations ( small volume parenterals , large volume parenterals, total parenteral nutrition, i.v. admixtures) and non sterile preparations ( liquid oral solution, external bulk concentrates ) labelling and packaging. (5 lectures)

4. Handling and Storage: Surgical instruments, ligatures and sutures, radiopharmaceuticals, medicinal gases, narcotic drugs, emergency medicines. (4 lectures)

Section C

5. Dispensing and Drug Distribution System: Dispensing to ambulatory patients, unit dose dispensing, prepackaging of drugs and their labelling, patient councilling, charging the patient for hospital supplies and drugs. Dispensing to nonambulatory patients, floor stock system. Patient discharge including their drug supply and councilling. (5 lectures)

6. Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information Service: Role of hospital pharmacy in drug administration, safe use of medications in the hospital, drugs and poison information services, prevention of drug-drug interaction, drug dependence and drug abuse, role of pharmacist in education and research. (4 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. W.E. Hassan, Hospital Pharmacy , 5 th edition, K.M. Varghese Company, Bombay,India 1986.

2. M.C.Allwood and J.T. Fell. Text Book of Hospital Pharmacy, Black Well Scientific Publications, London , U.K., 1980.

3. A.R. Gennaro (ed), Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 19th Edition, Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 1995., 1996

6021-PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-IV( PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1 Preparation of microcapsules and their release rate studies.

2. Working of single punch tablet machines, preparation of tablets by aqueous wet granulation , non-aqueous wet granulation ( slugging), manufacturing of effervescent and soluble tablets, quality control of tablets, sugar containing and film coating of tablets, quality control of control tests.

3. Exercises releasing to preparation and quality control of emulsions, suspensions , suppositories, capsules, ointments and creams.

6022-PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY-II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Methods to anaesthetize laboratory animals, examination of rat vaginal smears, surgical procedures of vasectomy, adrenalectomy. Cannulation of jugular vein.

2. Pharmacological techniques to study cardiovascular drugs (cardiac glycosides, antihypertensive agents, antiarrythmic agents).

3. Experimental methods to study the effect of diuretics, antidiuretics, hypoglycaemic agents, anti-inflammatory agents and drugs used in peptic ulcer.

4. Dose response relationship, calculation of EC 50, dose ratios and affinity constants using isolated rat fundus, isolated rat uterus, isolated rat colon and isolated rat anococcygeus muscle.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. M.N.Ghosh, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 2nd edition, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta, India, 1984.

2. Edinburgh Universit. Pharmacology Staff (ed), Pharmacological Experimentys on Intact Preparation, Lovingstone, London, U.K., 1974.

3. U.K.Seth,N.K.Dadkar and U.C. Kamath,Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology, Kothari Book Depot, Bombay , India, 1972.

6023- PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Non-Aqueous Titration : Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and sodium/potassium/lithium methoxide solutions. Estimations of some pharmacopoeial products.

2. Complexometric Titrations : Preparation and standardization of EDTA solutions. Some exercises related to pharmacopoeial assays by complexometric titrations.

3. Miscellaneous Determinations : Exercises involving Kjeldahl, Karl-Fischer, oxygen flask combustion and gasometry methods. Determination of alcohol content in liquid galenicals

4. Experiments involving separation of drugs from excepients.

5. Potentiometry : Exercises based on acid base titrations in aqueous and non-aqueous media, oxidation-reduction titrations, precipitation titrations and complex formation titration using potentiometric technique. Determination of acid base dissociation constants and plotting of titration curves using pH meter.

6. Exercises involving conductometric and polarographic techniques.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Pharmacoepia of India, 3rd edition, vol. I & II Controller of Publications, Delhi, India, 1985.

2. A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, vol.I & II, The Athlone Press of the University of London, London, U.K., 1976.

3. L.G.Chatten, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry vol. I and II, Marcel Dekker, New York , U.S.A., 1969.

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM SEMESTER VII

PAPER NO PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|7001 |PHARMACEUTICS-VII ( Pharmaceutical Technology -II) |4 hrs |

|7002 |PHARMACOLOGY-III (Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy) |4 hrs |

|7003 | MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II |4 hrs |

| |MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY |4 hrs |

|7004 | | |

|7005 |FORENSIC PHARMACY |2 hrs |

II LABORATORY(PRACTICAL)

|7021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-VII (Pharmaceutical Technology-II) |6hrs |

|7022 |PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY-III |6hrs |

|7023 |MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY |6hrs |

III PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP

|S.No. |TITLE OF WORKSHOP |HRS/WEEK |

|1. |PHARMACEUTICS-VIII(Pharmaceutical Technology-II) |1 hr |

|2. |PHARMACOLOGY III (Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy) |1 hr |

|3. | MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY |1 hr |

|4 |MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY |1hr |

7001 PHARMACEUTICS-VII ( Pharmaceutical Technology -II)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Preformulation Studies: Organoleptic properties, purity, particle size, shape, surface area, solubility and dissolution of drugs. Chemical reactions involving drug excipient interactions, solid state stability studies. ( 6 lectures)

2. Parenteral Technology: Preformulation factors, water for injection, pyrogenicity, non aqueous vehicles, isotonicity and its adjustment methods, emulsions and suspension formulations as parenteral and their formulation. Containers i.e. glass composition and it’s suitability, test for alkalinity, non-actinic glass and plastics. Closures i.e. natural and synthetic rubber and quality control of closures. Pre-filling treatment i.e. washing of containers and closures, preparation of solutions and suspensions. Filling and closing of ampoules and vials. Infusion fluids, equipment of large scale manufacture and evaluation of particulate matter. (7 lectures)

3. Sterile Products: Formulation and quality control of irrigation and dialysis solution, ophthalmic, ear and nasal preparations . Total parenteral nutrition ( TPN). (5lectures)

Section- B

5. Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Components, formulation, types of systems, manufacturing, operation of an aerosol package, quality control and testing, oral inhalation nasal and topical aerosols. Future developments. (5 ectures)

6. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction, terminology and drug targeting. Physiochemical and biological factors influencing design and performance of sustained release products. Design and fabrication of oral controlled release drug delivery system. Introduction to liposomes, microspheres, implantable and transdermal therapeutic systems. (10 lectures)

Section- C

6. Pilot Plant Scale Up Techniques :Scale up studies, equipment and raw materials ,evaluation, specialized techniques and process of manufacturing . Unit process to be considered in the scale up studies for tablets, suspensions, emulsions and suppositories. (7 lectures)

7. Packaging Technology: Types of containers, materials used for packaging and their interaction with drugs, closures, unit dose packaging and strip packaging materials. Packaging of solid, parenterals and ophthalmic dosage forms. Tamper proof packaging. (5 lectures)

8. Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals: Status and applicability of regulation. Current good manufacturing practices in manufacturing, processing, packaging and holding of drugs. Production and process controls, ISO 9000 certification. (5 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. L.A.Lachman, H.A..liberman and J.L. Kanic, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd Edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1986.

2. Gilbert S. Banker and Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 2nd Editioon, Marcel Dekker Inc. , New York, U.S.A., 1990.

3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage form Design, English Book Society, London, U.K., 1988.

4. S.H.Willing, M.M.Tuckerman and W.S. Hitchings, Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals: A Plan for Total Quality Control, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc. , New York, U.S.A., 1984.

5. Yie W.Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Fundamentals, Developmental concepts, Biomedical Assesments, Marcel Dekker Inc. , New York, U.S.A., 1984.

6. J.R.Robinson and V.H.L.Lee, (ed) Controlled Drug Delivery : Fundamental and Applications, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc. , New York, U.S.A., 1987.

7. A.R.Gennaro (ed) Remington : The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 1995.

7002 PHARMACOLOGY-III (Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Definition, scope and development of clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. (4 lectures)

2. Basic and General Principles of Drug Therapy: (12 lectures)

2.1 Monitoring of drug therapy. Therapeutic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of drug therapy

2.2 Adverse reactions to drugs. Incidence, classification and surveillance methods of adverse reactions to drugs.

2.3 Pharmacogenetics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacogenetics.

2.4 Drug interactions. Incidence, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic drug interactions.

2.5 Patient compliance. Factors which affect compliance. Methods of measuring and improving drug compliance.

2.6 Pharmacology of placebos. Mode of action, uses and abuses, adverse effects and factors which influence the response of placebos.

Section- B

3. Clinical pharmacokinetics and dosage monitoring, bioavailability, bioequivalence, first pass metabolism, half life, apparent volume of distribution, clearance, loading dose, maintenance dose, linear and non-linear kinetics with reference to clinical applications. Individualization of dosage. (6 lectures)

4. Drug therapy in young (paediatric pharmacology), elderly (geriatric pharmacology) and pregnant and lactating mothers. (6 lectures)

5. Drug information, documentation and counciling of patients. Epidemiology of drug use and organization of drug information services. (5 lectures)

Section- C

6. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria of the following disorders: (16 lectures)

6.1 Hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, atherosclerosis and thromboembolism.

6.2 Epilepsy, parkinsonism, migraine, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and insomnia.

6.3 Bronchial asthma, peptic ulceration, diabetes mellitus, anaemias, arthritis , gout, malaria and amoebiasis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. D.G.Grahame-Smith and J.K.Aronson, The Oxford Text Book of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 1984.

2. T.M.Speight (ed), Avery’s Drug Treatment : Principles and Practics of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapautics, 3rd edition, ADIS press, Aucland, 1987.

3. J.T.Dipiro, R.L.Telbert, P.E.Hayer, G.C.Yee and L.M.Posey(eds), Pharmacotherapy : A Pathophysiologic Approch, 5th edition, Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., New York, U.S.A.2002.

4. J.G.Hardman and L.E.Limbird (eds), Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,11th edition, Mc Graw Hill, New-York, U.S.A., 2005.

7003 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

Steroids : Nomenclature, stereochemistry, simple reactions(Haloketone Rule, esterification , hydrolysis, oxidation, addition , bromination, elimination, Photochemical reaction). Major classes of steroids and their biosynthesis , Gonadotropins, Progestins, Androgens and Anabolic agents ,adrenal cortex hormones , cardiac stroids. (10 lectures)

Study of following classes of drugs with special emphasis on chemical structure and nomenclature of individual drugs, outline of synthetic procedures for selected drugs, therapeutic uses, structure activity relationships including physicochemical and steric aspects and mode of action : (6 lectures)

1. Androgens and anabolic agents, estrogens and progestational agents, adrenocorticoids.

2 Hypoglycaemic agents.

3 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs, oxytocics.

4 Antineoplastic agents.

5 Diagnostic agents, surface active agents and other pharmaceutical aids.

Section- B

Study of following classes of drugs with special emphasis on chemical structure and nomenclature of individual drugs, outline of synthetic procedures for selected drugs, therapeutic uses, structure activity relationships including physicochemical and steric aspects and mode of action : (16 lectures)

1. Opioid analgesics, salicylates and non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents

2 Chemotherapeutic agents : Sulphonamides, urinary antiseptics, antiseptics and disinfectants, drugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy, antibiotics, antiamoebic agents, antimalarials, drugs used for trypanosomiasis and other protozoal diseases, anthelmintics, antifungal agents, antiviral agents.

Section -C

Introduction to quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics. Schrodinger equation. Interpretation of the wave function quantization, quantum mechanical principles, operation, eigen function, eigen value, normalized and orthogonal wave function born-oppenheimer approzimation, approximation of molecular orbitals, bonding and antibonding orbitals. Introduction to QSAR, parameters involved, Hansch model and its use in structure activity relationship study. (17 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. W.O.Foye, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry , 5 th Edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1995.

2. J.M.Delgado and W.A.Remers, Wilson and Gisvold’s Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 th edition, J.B.Lippin Colt Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1991

3. M.E.Wolft, Burgers Medicinal Chemistry , vol. II, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A., 1996.

4. I. L. Finar, Organic chemistry volume 2 : Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products, fifth edition, Longman Group ltd., Harlow, England, 1995.

5. Manfred E. Wollf, Burger's Medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, 5th edition, Vol. 2, 3, 4 and 5, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 1997.

7004 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Cell Organisation and Sub Cellular Structures: Biomembrane and organelles of the eukaryotic cell. Principles, instrumentation and uses of electron , flourescent and confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and centrifugation techniques. (3 lectures)

2. Molecular Anatomy of Genes and Chromosomes. Molecular definition of gene, organisation of gene on chromosome, tandem repeatative DNA sequences and transposons. Morphology, characteristics and rearrangement of chromosomes. Gene regulation in development and oncogenes. (3 lectures)

3. Electrophoresis and Blotting Techniques. Principle, instrumentation and uses of electrophoresis,. isoelectric focussing, western (immuno), northern and southern blotting for purification and characterisation of proteins,RNA and DNA. (3 lectures)

4. Fundamentals of polymerase chain reaction and its use in diagnosis of genetic disorders. (4 lectures)

Section- B

5. DNA Recombinant Technology. Plasmid vectors, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase. Transformation and selection, procedure employed in DNA recombinant technology. Application of recombinant technology in production of biopharmaceuticals with special reference to human insulin and growth hormones. (4 lectures)

6. Fundamentals of gene therapy and use of transgenic animals in pharmaceutical research. (4 lectures)

7. Hybridoma Technology. Myeloma cell lines, fusion methods, selection and screening methods for positive hybrid cells and cloning methods. Production, purification, characterisation and application of monoclonal antibodies. (4 lectures)

Section -C

8. Animal Cell Culture. Tissue culture media, gas phase requirement.Methods for cell line monitoring. Processes for cells in suspension -stirred tank bioreactor, air lift fermentor. Processes for anchorage dependent cells- capillary system bioreactor, packed bed bioreactor, microcarrier cultures. (3 lectures)

9. Immobilization of Enzymes. Definition, objective, and advantages of immobilization. Techniques of immobilization -adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment. application of immobilization , concept of co-immobilization. (4 lectures)

10. Fermentation Technology. Batch , fed batch and continous fermentation bioreactors ,study of media, equipments, sterilization methods. Aeration process and stirring ,fermentor and its design. Control of different parameters in fermentation process isolation of mutants. Study of production of antibiotics ( penicillin ,streptomycin, tetracycline) acids( citric acid, gluconic acid) solvents ( alcohol), enzymes and immobilized enzymes ( fungal diastase ), amino acids, vitamins( cyancobalamin and dextran). ( 10 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. H.Ladish, D.Baltimore, A.Bark, S.L.Zipursky, P.Motsudaira and J.Dornell (eds). Molecular Cell Biology , Scientific American Book Inc , U.S.A., 1996.

2. Benjamin Lewin (ed) Genes V, Oxford University Press, New York, U.S.A. 1994.

3. V.R.Muthukkaruppan, S.Baskar and F.Sinigalia, Hybridoma Techniques: A Laboratory Course, Mc Milan ltd, New Delhi, India, 1986.

4. P.F.Stanbury and A.Whitaker, Principles of Fermentation Technology Ist edition Pergamon Press, New York, U.S.A.

5. J.Woodward, Immobilized Cell and Enzymes : A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford U.K.

6. M.Buttler, Animal Cell Culture Technology, vol III Academic press, London, U.K.

7. H.W.Blanch and D.S.Clark. Biochemical Engneering. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York U.S.A, 1996.

7005 FORENSIC PHARMACY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 2 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

Concept of forensic pharmacy, history of drug legislation in India,Code of pharmaceutical ethics, Elements of Law of Torts, Study of Pharmacy Act 1948. (5 lectures)

Section- B

Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules made there under, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985, and rules made there under. Drug ( Prices Control) Order. (8 lectures).

Section- C

Medical and Toilet Preparations ( Excise Duties) Act 1955 and rules made there under, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 and rules made there under, Poisons Act 1919, Factories Act 1949,Insecticide Act 1968, Patents and Designs Act, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954 and rules made there under, Industries (Development and Regulations ) Act 1953, Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976. Presentation of Cruelty to Animals Act. (12 lectures).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. N.K.Jain Text Book Of Forensic Pharmacy, 2nd edition,Vallabh Parkashan , New Delhi,India,1992.

2. B.M. Mittal , A Text Book of Forensic Pharmacy 10th edition, National Book Centre , Calcutta, India,1999.

3. M.L.Mehra, The Hand Book of Drug Laws, 10th edition, The University Book Agency,Allahabad, India,2002.

7021 -PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-VII (PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-II)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Preformulation studies involving effect of physicochemical parameters on dosage form design.

2. Preparation of Pharmacopoeal injection of oily phenol, ethanolamine, oleate. Calcium gluconate, aminophyine, dextrose, saline, vit. C and vitB1 .

3. Exercises involving test for monitoring aseptic environment and sterile equipments.

4. Quality evaluation of glass and plastic containers used for packaging sterile products.

5. Preparation of sustained release tablets of hydrophylicand lypophilic drugs using polymer matrix, polymer- wax matrix and coating methods.

6. Evaluation of sustained release tablets in vitro.

7. Preparation of an aerosol dosage form and it’s evaluation.

8. Evaluation of Surgical Dressing.

7022- PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY- III

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Bioassays: Bioassay designs using various isolated preparation ( acetylcholine, histamine, Oxytocin ) and intact preparations ( Vasopressin and insulin )

2. Experimental Toxicology : Calculation of LD50 values and therapeutic index using statistical approach. Experimental exercises based on toxicity evaluation of drugs or xenobiotics.

3. Experimental methods related to biochemical, clinical and immunopharmacology.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. M.N. Ghosh, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta, India, 1984.

7023-MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Isolation and characterisation of subcellular structures using centrifugation techniques.

2. Exercises based on use of electrophoresis.

3. Isolation and characterisation of DNA and RNA.

4. Exercises based on DNA recombinant technology using E.Coli.

5. Experiments to study enzyme kinetics using amylase for starch hydrolysis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. S.J.Karcher, Molecular Biology ; A Project Approach, Academic Press, U.S.A. 1995.

SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.PHARM SEMESTER VIII

PAPER NO PAPER HRS/WEEK

I THEORY

|8001 |PHARMACEUTICS-VIII |4 hrs |

| |(Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics) | |

|8002 |PHARMACOLOGY-IV (Community Pharmacy and Toxicology) |4 hrs |

|8003 | PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – III |4 hrs |

|8004 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-IV |4 hrs |

LABORATORY(PRACTICAL)

|8021 |PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-VIII (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics) |6hrs |

|8022 |PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-III |6hrs |

|8023 |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY |6hrs |

|S.No. |TITLE OF WORKSHOP |HRS/WEEK |

| | |

|PROBLEM BASED LEARNING WORKSHOP | |

|1. |PHARMACEUTICS-VIII (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics) |1hr |

|2. |PHARMACOLOGY IV (Community Pharmacy and Toxicology) |1hr |

|3. |PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS III |1hr |

|4. |PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-IV |1hr |

8001 PHARMACEUTICS-VIII (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Introduction to pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics, various terms used, history and their role in related disciplines. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Biological half life , apparent volume of distribution. (3 lectures)

2. Fluid compartments circulatory system and protein binding. (3 lectures)

3. Compartment models: (5 lectures)

3.1 One Compartment Open Model: Pharmacokinetics of single dose administration as applied to intravenous (rapid) and oral administration, intravenous transfusion , multiple intravenous and oral administration.

3.2 Two Compartment Open Model: Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple dose administration, intravenous transfusion.

4. Curve fitting- area under blood level curves. (3 lectures)

5. Urinary excretion , Sigma minus plot. (4 lectures)

Section- B

6. Pharmacokinetic basis of sustained release formulation. (5 lectures)

7. Statistical moment theory, application of MRT, MAT and MDT to pharmacokinetics for calculating clearance , half life, apparent volume of distribution and steady state concentrations. (5 lectures)

8. Clinical Pharmacokinetics (7 lectures)

8.1 Hepatic elimination of drugs, drug metabolism and its kinetics using one compartment and two compartment models. Liver extraction ratio and its relationship with absolute availability. Relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance.

8.2 Dosing of drugs in infants, elderly and obese patients.

8.3 Dosage regimen adjustment in patients with and without renal failure. Dosage adjustment in uremic patients-`Giusti-Hayton’ method.

Section- C

9. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence : Definitions, terminology, clinical significance and factors affecting biological performance of drugs. Methods of determination of bioavailability using blood level and urinary excretion data. Parameters used to evaluate bioequivalence. (8 lectures)

10. Non linear Pharmacokinetics : Concept , reasons for non-linear behavior and methods to ascertain non-linear kinetics. (8 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. M. Gibaldi and D. Perrier (eds), Pharmacokinetics 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1984.

2. L.Shargel, and A.B.C.Yu. ( eds) Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Prentice Hall International , London, U.K.

3. R,E.notari(ed)Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics,4th Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,USA,2005(Indian Reprint).

4. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Notari, R. E. Indian Reprint 2005, Marcel Dekker Inc., (Printed and bound by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd., India).

8002 PHARMACOLOGY-IV (Community Pharmacy and Toxicology)

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Introduction: Concept of community pharmacy, its activities and professional responsibilites. Role of community pharmacist in health care inisation and structure of retail and wholesale pharmacy. (3 lectures)

2. Adverse Drug Reaction and Drug Interaction: Incidence, classification and surveillance methods of adverse reaction to drugs. Incidence, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions. (4 lectures)

3. Immunologic Therapy: Basic principles of immune response, targets of Immunosupressivetherapy, immunomodulators and immunisation. (6 lectures)

Section- B

4. Communicable Diseases: Pathophysiology, drug therapy and control of urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficency syndrome (AIDS). (6 lectures)

5 Toxicology :Definition, scope, development and branches of toxicology. Concept of toxicity, hazard , risk assessment, bioaccumulation, biomagnifications, GRAS, threshold limit values and ADI. General principles of treatment of poisoning and selective antidotes of commonly occurring poisoning. (4 lectures)

6. Drug and Poison Information: Organisation of drug and poison information services, patient counseling and epidemiology of drug use. (5 lectures)

Section -C

7. New Drug Development: Concept of pharmagenology, preclinical evaluation, safety evaluation, clinical evaluation, IND, NDA, documentation, drug master file (DMF), post marketing surveillance. (9 lectures)

8. Bioassays and Other Immunoassay : (10 lectures)

Basic Principles of Bioassays. Experimental models and statistical design employed in biological standardization of oxytocin , vasopressin , and insulin.

Radioimmunoassay . Principles of radioimmunoassay with special reference to insulin and digoxin.

Enzyme Linked Immunoassay ( ELISA ): Principles and applications of ELISA.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. J.G.Hardman and L.E.Limbird (eds) Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , 11 th edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York, U.S.A. 2005.

2. F.C. Lu, Basic Toxicology : Fundamentals, Target Organs and Risk Assessment, 3rd edition, Taylor and Francis, Washington, U.S.A. 1996.

3. D.R.Laurence and A.L.Bachrach, (eds ) Evaluation of Drug activities PharmacometricsVol I, Academic Press, London, U.K. 1964.

4. C.E.Hamner, (ed) Drug Develoopment, CRC Press , Florida, U.S.A. 1982.

5. G. M. Matoren (ed) The Clinical Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1984.

8003 Pharmaceutical Analysis – III

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section- A

1. Electromagnetic Radiations: Nature of electromagnetic radiations, interaction between energy and matter, application of quantum mechanic theory, absorption of energy by atoms and molecules, emission of radiant energy by atoms and molecules, refraction and defraction. (4 lectures)

2. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry: Electronic excitation, quantitative laws, deviation from Beer’s law, graphical representation of data, chromophores, photometric error, instrumentation (light sources, prisms, grating mono chromators, photoemmision and photo multiplier tubes) , single and double beam instruments. Spectrophotometric measurement( sample handling, amplification, read out of detectors, selection of wavelength and band width, concentration and optimum absorbance value. Application ( direct methods, indirect methods, analysis of mixtures). (4 lectures)

3. Turbidimetry: Principles, instrumentation and applications of nephelometry, turbidimetry and densiometry. (3 lectures)

4. Infrared Spectrophotometry: Theory , characteristic absorbance bands of organic functional groups, interpretation of infrared absorption spectra, frequency range, band width, scan speed, concentration range and absorbance value. Preparation of sample, sample cells, instrumentation ( light source, monochromators, detectors). Brief introduction to fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Qualitative and quantitative applications in pharmaceutical analysis, analytical shortcomings. (5 lectures)

Section- B

5. Fluorimetry: Theory , quantitative description, experimental factors affecting flourescence intensity, factors affecting Io and F directly, relationship of flourescence to molecular structure, instrumentation ( cells , light source, wavelength selection, detectors) , pharmaceutical applications. (4 lectures)

6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An introduction to the theory of nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR) , magnetic properties of the hydrogen nucleus, instrumentation, chemical shift and factors affecting chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, typical spectra, quantitative analysis of drugs , analytical limitations of NMR in pharmaceutical analysis, exchangeable protons, a brief introduction to fourier transform NMR , 13C NMR and ESR. (6 lectures)

7. Mass Spectrometry : Instrumentation , mass spectra , determination of molecular formula, recognition of molecular ion peak, fragmentation , mass spectra of some simple compounds . (6 lectures)

Section- C

8. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Theory, origin of spectra, atomization, and ionisation, instrumentation(nebulizers,mirrors,burners, slits, monochromators, detectors) background emission and interferences , qualitative and quantitative application of flame photometry in pharmaceutical analysis. (6 lectures)

9. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Theory of absorption of radiant energy by atoms, equipment, analytical applications. (5 lectures)

10. Polarimetry: Polarization , types of molecules analyzed , optical rotation , optical rotatory dispersion, effect of concentration , wavelength, solvent and temperature on optical rotation , polarimeter, light source, sample cells, determination of optically active substances, determination of optically active impurity in optically active drugs. (4 lectures)

11. X-Ray Spectroscopy: Introduction to x-ray spectroscopy and its application in pharmaceutical analysis. (3 lectures)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. L.G.Chatten, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, vol.I and II Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork, U.S.A., 1969.

2. A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, vol.I&II. The Athlone Press of University of London, U.K., 1976.

3. H.H. Willard, L.L.Merritt Jr. , and J.A.Dean, Instumental Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, U.S.A., 1974.

4. J.W.Robinson, Undergraduate InstrumentalAnalysis, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, U.S.A., 1970.

5. V.M. Parikh Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules, Addison Wesley Publishing Co. London, U.K., 1974.

6. R.M.Silverstein ,G.C. Bassler and T.C.Morill, Spectrometeric Identification of Organic Compounds. 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1981.

7. R.E.Schirmer, Modern Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis, vol I , II & III , CRC Press , Florida, U.S.A., 1982.

8. D.A.Skoog, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 3rd edition, Holt Rinchard and Winston Inc., New York, U.S.A.

9. William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, ELBS and The Mac Millan Press Ltd, U.K., 1994.

10 H.Williams and I.Fleming, Spectroscopic methods in Organic Chemistry, 4th edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, 1993.

11 Gory D.Christian, Analytical Chemistry,6th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc.New Jersey,USA, 2004

8004-PHARMACOGNOSY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS-IV

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 4 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

Section -A

1. Plant biotechnology

Study of general aspects of plant tissue culture, and their contribution to phytopharmaceuticals. Role of plant growth regulators in secondary metabolite production.

Role of polyploidy hybridization and mutation in strain improvement of medicinal plants.

A brief account of plant vaccines and transgenic plants. (9 lectures)

2. Industrial pharmacognosy (7 lectures)

a) World wide trade of medicinal and aromatic plants and derived products.

b) A brief account of phytochemical industry in India.

c) Industrial production and utilization of the following: sennosides, cardiac glycosides, vinca alkaloids, menthol, quinine, podophyllotoxin, diosgenin, solasodine, isabgol, lemon grass oil, taxol and tropane alkaloids.

Section- B

3. Traditional medicine (17 lectures)

a) Introduction to traditional and complementary alternative medicine. Study of WHO guidelines for TM/CAM.

b) Current approach to study traditional drugs. Study of (common names, botanical source, history, clinical uses, chemical constituents and marketed formulations) of some traditional drugs:

▪ Hepatoprotective drugs: Silybum marianum, Andrographis paniculata

▪ Antiinflammatory drugs: Bosewellia serrata, Commiphora mukul, Curcuma longa

▪ Antidiabetic plants: Pterocarpus marsupium, Momordica charantia

▪ iii a) Plant sweetners: Stevia rebaudiana

▪ Anticancer drugs: Podophyllum species, Catharanthus roseus

▪ Antiviral plants: Echinacea purpurea, Thuja occidentalis

▪ Antimalarial plants: Artemisia annua, Cinchona species

▪ vii) Adaptogens and immunomodulators: Allium species, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus emblica, Withania somnifera

▪ Psychoactive plants: Valeriana wallichii, Hypericum perforatum, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica

Section- C

4. Emerging trends in study of natural products (16 lectures)

▪ Modern methods of extraction. Application of chromatographic for the isolation, and quantitative determination of phytoconstituents.

▪ Application of spectroscopic methods in the evaluation and structure elucidation (characteristion) of plant constituents (morphine, diosgenin, rutin, limonene, umbelliferone).

▪ Stability testing for standardized herbal extracts

▪ Improvement in agrotechnology (mentha, dioscorea, senna, Tylophora indica, Matricaria chamomile).

▪ Reverse pharmacognosy

▪ Chemotaxonomy: Application of chemotaxonomy to discovery of new drugs from natural sources.

▪ Drug discovery of natural products such as digitoxin and taxol.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. S.S. Handa and M.K. Kaul, Supplement to Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants CSIR, Delhi, India, 1997.

2. S.S. Handa and M.K. Kaul, Supplement to Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants CSIR, Delhi, India, 1997.

3. H. Wagner, S. Bladt, E.M. Zgeinski, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer Verlag, New York, U.S.A., 1984.

4. Egon Stahl, Thin-layer Chromatography, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag, New York, U.S.A., 1969.

5. Erich Heftman, Chromatography, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, U.S.A., 1967.

6. V.E. Tyler, L.R. Brady, J.E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy, 9th edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1988.

7. W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy 16th edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, U.K, 2009

8021-PHARMACEUTICS LABORATORY-VII (BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS )

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1 Establishment of a standard curve of a drug substance.

2. Disintegration and dissolution of per oral tablets.

3. Absorption mechanisms by averted sac technique.

4. Blood level profiles of tetracycline and sodium salicylate in rabbits , sulphonamide levels in rats, their pharmacokinetic analysis.

5. Influence of vehicle on drug availability from topical dosage forms in vitro.

6. Comparative in vitro release rate studies of marketed formulations.

7. Determination of bioavailability of marketed formulations by plasma concentration method.

8. Determination of bioavailability of marketed formulations by urinary excretion method.

9. Drug release from capsules, effects of diluents.

10. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters and determination and evaluation of bioavailability of drug administered by IV, IM and PO.

11. Bioequvalence studies on marketed solid oral products.

12. Correlation between urinary and salivary excretion kinetics.

13. Evaluation of MRT and MDT of drugs

8022 - PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-III

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Exercises to study typical absorptions of characteristic chromophores and the influence of conjugation and auxochromic substitution on chromophoric absorption using UV/Visible spectrophotometer.

2. Assays of pharmacopoeial substances in their formulations using visible or ultravoilet spectrophotometry.

3. Experiments involving determination of alkali and alkaline earth metal ion concentrations in pharmacopoeial substances using flame photometer.

4. Assays for metals ( calcium and magnesium ) in pharmacopoeial substances based on atomic absorption spectrophotometery.

5. Experiments to estimate pharmacopoeial drugs in their formulations using spectrofluorimeter.

6. Exercises involving quanlitative applications of IR,NMR and Mass Spectral Techniques to determine molecular structure of organic compounds.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, vol.I&II. The Athlone Press of University of London, U.K., 1976.

2. Pharmacoepia of India, 3rd edition, vol. I & II, Controller of Publications, Delhi, India, 1996.

3. G.H.Jeffery, J.Bassett, J.Mendham,R.C.Dennmey Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,5th edition, Addision Wesley Langman P Ltd.,Indian Branch, Delhi,India,2001

4. R.M.Silverstein ,G.C. Bassler and T.C.Morill, Spectrometeric Identification of Organic Compounds. 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A., 1981.

5 William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, ELBS and The Mac Millan Press Ltd, U.K., 1994.

6. Gory D.Christian, Analytical Chemistry,6th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc.New Jersey,USA, 2004

8023 - PHARMACOGNOSY & NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY-III

Max Marks 80 Max Time 3hrs.

Internal Assessment 20 Marks only 6 hrs/Week

Total Marks 100

1. Pharmacognostic study of drugs listed in theory.

2. Exercise on chromatographic techniques

1. Extraction of active principle and volatile oils

2. Preparation of the TLC profiles of the extracted constituents.

3. Application of paper chromatography

3. Pharmacopoeial assay of some important plant drugs.

4. Standardization / evaluation of some commercial / ayurvedic formulations.

5. Physical evaluation of powdered drugs

▪ Determination of Moisture content (Loss of drying).

▪ Extractive values.

▪ Ash values.

▪ Swelling factors.

6. Preparation of report on one traditional drug

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