Foreword - All Documents | The World Bank
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
December 2007
Surveying, Planning and Designing Research Institute of Xinjiang
Production & Construction Corps
Content
Foreword 7
1General Provisions 9
1.1Preparation basis 9
1.2 Evaluation Principle and Preparation Purpose 11
1.3 Evaluation key point and evaluation class 12
1.4 Evaluation range and standard 15
1.5 Environmental protection target 18
2. General Situation of Regional Environment 19
2.1 General situation of natural environment 19
2.2 General situation of social and economic environment 21
3 Analysis of the Project 25
3.1 General situations of the project 25
3.2 Analysis of process flow 28
4. Environmental present situation investigation and analysis 38
4.1 Environmental present situation investigation 38
4.2 Air environment present situation investigation and evaluation 40
4.3 Investigation and evaluation of present situation of water environment 43
4.4 Investigation and evaluation of present situation of sound environment 44
4.5 Investigation and evaluation of present situations of soil and vegetation environment 45
5 Environmental impact forecast and evaluation 47
5.1 Air environmental impact forecast and evaluation 47
5.2 Forecast and evaluation of impact on water environment 62
5.3 Analysis of impact on sound environment 67
5.4 Analysis of solid waste influence 70
5.5 Brief analysis of environmental impact during construction period 70
5.5 environment influence analysis for alternative plan 74
6 Environmental risk evaluation 77
6.1 Environment risk identification and analysis 77
6.2 Forecast of range of accident influence on environment 78
6.3 Emergency plan for accident 80
6.4 Prevention countermeasures and suggestions 81
7 Clean production 85
7.1 Clean production evaluation index system 86
7.2 Clean production index classification 87
7.3 Quantitative index classification 87
7.4 Clean production index analysis 87
7.5 Clean production improvement suggestions 87
8 Environmental protection measures 89
8.1 Measures on environmental protection during construction period 89
8.2 Atmospheric pollution prevention countermeasures and measures 91
8.3 Water pollution prevention countermeasures and measures 92
8.4 Noise pollution prevention countermeasures and measures 92
8.5 Solid waste pollution prevention countermeasures and measures 93
9. Total control 95
9.1 Selection of total control factor 95
9.2 Calculation of pollutant discharge total control 95
9.3 Suggestive index for pollutant emission total control of the planned project 95
10. Public participation 96
10.1 Purpose of public participation 96
10.2 Environmental information disclosure mode and contents 96
10.3 Investigation results 99
10.4 Conclusion of public participation investigation 103
11 Environmental protection investment and analysis of environmental and economic gains and losses 104
11.1Environmental protection investment 104
11.2 Analysis of environment and economic gain and loss 106
12 Environmental management and environmental monitoring plan 107
12.1 Environmental management 107
12.2 Environmental monitoring 111
12.3 Training plan and estimation of expenses 114
13 Evaluation conclusion and suggestions 115
13.1 General situation of project 115
13.2 Influence on environmental air 115
13.3Water environmental impact 116
13.4 Sound environmental impact 116
13.5 Environmental risk 117
13.6 Total control 117
13.7 Public participation 117
13.8 General evaluation conclusion and suggestions 117
13.9 Suggestions 118
Foreword
Xinjiang Aksu San Jiang Breeding Co., Ltd （hereinafter referred to as San Jiang Company）, located at Aksu City, Xinjiang， is the largest live pig breeding base of the five provinces in Northwestern China. Currently the company boasts live pig on hand of 70630 heads，has pig farm feces and wastewater discharged out from the farm after simple treatment, making obvious influence on local environment.
With development of animal husbandry intensive breeding，animal and poultry feces pollution issue will become increasingly striking，and more and more importance has been attached to decontaminated, resources-oriented and ecological treatment of animal and poultry feces, reduction of pollution to environment and improving virtuous circle of agricultural production by governments at various levels. Xinjiang Aksu Party Committee and People’s Government have placed intensive breeding farm’s pollution treatment and industrialized biogas power generation work on their top agenda, and mapped out relevant matching policy.
The World Bank is preparing an carbon fund project for San Jiang Company，designed to reduce San Jiang Company’s greenhouse gases emission at present，change existing open anaerobic pond treatment mode into med-temperature closed anaerobic digestion system to collect biogas and use the biogas for power generation.
Considering the above-mentioned factors，San Jiang Company plans to utilize feces and wastewater from live pig in stock to generate biogas and to generate power with the biogas by making investment to construct CDM biogas power generation project. Biogas will be used for the company’s industrialized biogas power generation and production domestic energy. Biogas residue, after drying and shatter, can be used as organic solid fertilizer and feed additive；biogas slurry can be transmitted to neighboring fruits and vegetable fields through pipeline for sprinkling irrigation, infiltration irrigation and drip irrigation. The entire project is “ an ecological and environmental protection project to change waste into valuable things for comprehensive utilization of resources”，being of great driving and demonstration significance for development of animal and poultry in West China and fueling organic agro-industry development，and being to make certain contributions to controlling greenhouse gases emission, protecting earth climate conditions and improving the company’s environment.
According to relevant stipulations of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Evaluation, Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Project and Construction Project Environmental Protection Classified Management Contents，this project needs environmental impact evaluation to be carried out and report to be prepared. In Oct. 2007，our center, as entrusted by Aksu San Jiang breeding Co., Lt，carried out environmental impact evaluation of the project.
To properly implement the environmental impact evaluation，it is first needed to have a complete understanding of project construction contents and environmental conditions in project area. So we made a detailed list for survey after accepting the task. At the same time, our project group made tailored and representative on-the-spot survey and investigation of the area for the project. After serious analysis and study of the production process and environmental impact factors, etc，according to requirements of environmental impact evaluation technical guidelines，we made analysis and evaluation of influence on environment by the project construction，put forward corresponding environmental protection countermeasures and measures，entrusted Aksu Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station with present situation monitoring，prepared and completed environmental impact report of the project. Now we submit the environmental impact report to relevant competent administrations of environmental protection as basis for examination and approval of the construction project and for decision-making of environmental management during operation.
1General Provisions
1.1Preparation basis
1.1.1 Laws and regulations basis
（1） Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Protection （Dec. 26, 1989）；
（2） Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Evaluation（Oct. 28, 2002）；
（3）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Control of Atmospheric Pollution（April 29, 2000）；
（4） Law of the People’s Republic of China on Control of Water Pollution（May 15, 1996）；
（5）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Control of Environmental Noise Pollution（March 1, 1997）；
（6）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Control of Solid Waste Pollution to Environment（April 4, 2005）；
（7）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Clean Production（June 29, 2003）；
（8）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration（Jan. 1, 1999）；
（9）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation （June 29, 1991）；
（10）Law of the People’s Republic of China on Energy Saving（Jan. 1, 1998）；
（11） Notice of Releasing Opinion on Enhancing Industrial Water-saving Work（GJMZY【2000】No.1015）；
（12） Regulations on Construction Project Environmental Protection Management, the State Council Circular No. 253（Nov. 29, 1998）；
（13）Directory of Classified Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, Circular No. 14 by the State Environmental Protection Administration（Oct. 13, 2002）；
（14）Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region’s Notice of Implementation Opinion on Carrying out Regulations on Construction Project Environmental Protection Management by the State Council, XZBF [2002] No.3，by People’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，Jan. 2002；
（15）Directory of Industrial Structure Adjustment （Version 2005）, Circular No.40 by State Development and Reform Commission；
（16）Decision on Implementation of Scientific Outlook of Development to Enhance Environmental Protection by the State Council（Dec. 2005）；
（17） Interim Measures on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Evaluation（HF 2006 No.28）.
1.1.2 Relevant technical specifications and technical guidelines
（1）Outline of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation, Atmospheric Environment and Surface Water Environment by State Environmental Protection Administration （HJ/T2.1～2.3-93）；
（2）Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation — Non-pollution Ecological Influence（HJ/T19-1997）；
（3）Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation — Sound Environment by State Environmental Protection Administration （HJ/T2.4-1995）；
（4）Technical Guidelines for Construction Project Environmental Risk Evaluation（HJ/T169-2004）.
（5）World Bank Operation Policy OP4.01 Environment Evaluation Policy
（6）Pollution Prevention and Reduction Manual
1.1.3 Relevant technical documents
（1）Feasibility Study Report for Xinjiang Aksu San Jiang Breeding Co., Ltd CDM Biogas Power Generation Project；
（2）Letter of Commission of Aksu San Jiang Breeding Co., Ltd for Environmental Impact Evaluation of this Project.
1.2 Evaluation Principle and Preparation Purpose
1.2.1Evaluation principle
（1）Sticking to the principle that environmental impact evaluation serves economic construction and environmental administration，taking relevant national industry policy and environmental protection policy regulations as basis， seriously implementing and executing requirements of “Circular Economy”, “Clean Production ”, “Overall Control ” and “Up-to-standard Emission”, etc.
（2）Attaching importance to practicality of evaluation，seriously demonstrating feasibility of environmental pollution control measures，properly controlling pollution prevention and treatment，serving as a good adviser for environmental administration so as to provide scientific basis for project selection and decision on environmental administration.
（3） With scientific, justice and objective principle to carry out evaluation work to guarantee quality of environmental impact evaluation.
（4）On premise of meeting evaluation requirements to make best use of existing data so as to shorten evaluation cycle, save environmental impact evaluation expenses and meet requirements of project progress.
1.2.2 Preparation purpose
Purpose of preparation of this environmental impact evaluation report is to evaluate reasonableness of project overall arrangement and construction of important facilities in view of environment，analyze and argue environmental impact, range and extent arising from project construction and put forward environmental protection measures on reducing negative influence and environmental protection monitoring plan to provide environmental administration basis for the project’s reasonable development and operation.
According to project property，in this environmental impact evaluation， works will be started from aspects of water, gas, sound, ecological environment, risk and solid waste. Evaluation will consists of two stages of project construction period and operation period，with main evaluation works as follows：
（1）On the basis of characteristics of the construction project to carry on investigation of present situations of natural environment and social environment of construction project site and determine major environmental protection target and evaluation key point.
（2）To carry out item analysis of the project. At the angle of environmental protection to make demonstration of reasonableness and feasibility from aspects of the construction project’s overall arrangement, planned construction contents, process flow and “three-waste” emission volume at different stages and corresponding treatment plan as well as “replacing the old with the new”, etc, and put forward requirements and suggestions on project construction.
（3）To analyze and forecast project’s influences on project area and surrounding atmospheric environment, water environment and sound environment during construction period and operation period；to determine influence range, extent, factors, ways, mode and time limit；at the same time, to put forward corresponding environmental protection countermeasures in view of unfavorable influence to environment in different stages and carry out analysis of environmental and economic gains and losses.
（4）Through analysis and forecast of influences of various environmental impact factors to clearly draw the conclusion of environmental impact of the project construction，and formulate environmental protection management and monitoring plan, etc；at the angle of environmental protection to explain feasibility of project development and construction so as to provide environmental administrations and relevant authorities with decision-making and management basis.
1.3 Evaluation key point and evaluation class
1.3.1Evaluation key point
Considering production process and pollution characteristics，through analysis of present situations of environment surrounding the project and various environmental elements, it is determined that key point of this environmental impact evaluation is water environment impact evaluation and atmospheric environment impact evaluation.
1.3.2 Evaluation class
（1）Air environment
This project’s atmospheric pollution sources are mainly from emission of smoke, with major pollutants of SO2, NOX and TSP, etc. According to stipulations of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation（HJ/T2.2-93） and through calculation, air pollutant equivalent-standard emission is shown as Form 1-1, and evaluation class judgment basis as Form 1-2.
Form 1-1 Atmospheric Pollutant Equivalent-standard Emission Unit：m3/h
|Place |SO2 |NO2 |TSP |
|Biogas burning |0.6×107 |9.1×107 |2×107 |
*Note：standard for SO2 and nitrogen oxide in smoke emission takes SO2 one-hour average (0.50mg/m3) and TSP daily average（0.30mg/m3）in Environmental Air Quality Standard（GB3095-1996）for calculation.
Form 1-2 Environmental Air Evaluation Classification Judgment Basis
|Topography |Pi≥2.5×109 |2.5×109＞Pi≥2.5×108 |Pi＜2.5×108 |
|Complicated |1 |2 |3 |
|Plain |2 |3 |3 |
Preliminary calculation shows that in main pollution factors NO2 equivalent-standard pollution load is the highest，PNO2=9.1×1076.5 |
|Chromium （dry farm）≤ |90 |150 |200 |250 |300 |
|cadmium ≤ |0.20 |0.30 |0.30 |0.60 |1.0 |
|Lead ≤ |35 |250 |300 |350 |500 |
Referring Form 4-4-2，in project area，typical-part brown desert soil’s organic matters content is under Class 6，soil fertility is extremely low. From Form 4-4-4 it can be found that in soil sample monitoring results total chromium, cadmium and lead contents all meet Class II standard，and soil environment quality is good.
In project area natural plant species is single，and variety and quantity are less. according to on-the-spot investigation and data analysis，in project area common higher plants include salsola collina and Nitraria sibirica, etc. In areas low-lying and with good water conditions, reed grows. Plant community height is generally 15～30cm，with total coverage less than 5%.
5 Environmental impact forecast and evaluation
5.1 Air environmental impact forecast and evaluation
5.1.1 Meteorological character analysis
5.1.1.1 Analysis of meteorological character of evaluation area
Air pollutant’s atmospheric diffusion and move law is closely tied with local meteorological conditions, and main meteorological factors influencing atmospheric diffusion include wind frequency, wind direction, wind velocity, temperature and atmospheric stability, etc. In this evaluation area pollution meteorological characters are concluded according to Aksu Meteorological Station’s meteorological data for past five years (observation data such as cloud cover, wind direction and wind velocity, etc)，and through statistics, induction, calculation and sorting out by referring to relevant stipulations.
5.1.1.2 Ground wind direction and the change
In evaluation area dominating wind direction in a year is wind N，frequency 7.4%， the next is wind NNE，frequency 6.8%，yearly static wind frequency 30.9%. In winter dominating wind direction is wind N，frequency 10.6%. Wind direction frequency is shown as Form 5-1, Fig. 5-1.
Form 5-1 Wind Direction Frequency Statistical Chart (%)
[pic]
[pic] [pic]
Jan. wind frequency rose April wind frequency rose
[pic] [pic]
July wind frequency rose Oct. wind frequency rose
[pic]
All-year wind frequency rose
Fig. 5-1 Yearly and Quarterly wind frequency rose
Evaluation shows that in the region ground wind velocity years’ average wind velocity is under 2.0m/s. In winter wind velocity is the lowest，with most average wind velocity lower than 1.5m/s. For yearly wind direction and average wind velocity, see Form 5-2，Fig. 5-2.
Form 5-2 Yearly and Quarterly Wind Directions and Average Wind Velocity Statistical Chart (m/s)
[pic]
[pic] [pic]
Jan. average wind velocity rose April average wind velocity rose
[pic] [pic]
July average wind velocity rose Oct average wind velocity rose
[pic]
All-year average wind velocity rose
Fig. 5-2 Yearly and quarterly average wind velocity rose
Pollution coefficient is expressed with the ratio of a wind direction’s frequency to the wind direction’s average wind velocity. The region’s annual pollution coefficient has wind N downwind direction as the max，with the value of 4.58，wind NNE and wind NNW the next，3.88 and 3.80 respectively. In all seasons, pollution coefficient max positions are basically in conformity with wind direction frequency. Yearly and quarterly pollution coefficient is shown as Form 5-3，Fig. 5-3.
Form 5-3 Statistical Chart of Yearly-quarterly Wind Direction Pollution Coefficient
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[pic] [pic]
Spring pollution coefficient rose Summer pollution coefficient rose
[pic] [pic]
Autumn pollution coefficient rose Winter pollution coefficient rose
[pic]
All-year pollution coefficient rose
Fig. 5-3 Yearly and quarterly pollution coefficient rose
5.1.1.3 Average wind velocity in months over years
Max average wind velocity in months over years occurs in June, July and Aug., and min in Jan., Feb. and March. Average wind velocity in months over years is shown as Form 5-4.
Form 5-4 Average Wind Velocity in Months over Years (m/s)
|month |1 |
| |A |B |C |D |E |F |
|CmTSP（mg/m3） |0.019 |0.017 |0.013 |0.010 |0.005 |0.003 |
|CmSO2（mg/m3） |0.066 |0.059 |0.045 |0.036 |0.018 |0.010 |
|CmNO2（mg/m3） |0.183 |0.164 |0.124 |0.099 |0.051 |0.027 |
|Xm（m） |245 |496 |832 |1421 |3880 |8877 |
Form 5-1-11shows that at annual average wind velocity，pollutants’ primary max ground-level concentrations are far lower than requirements of Class II standard in Environmental Air Quality Standard, max ground-level concentration generally occurs under A stability and at place 245m from exhaust pipe.
b. Forecast results of atmospheric pollutant concentration under static wind conditions
Under static wind conditions，pollutants’ ground primary concentration and the occurrence distance are shown as Form 5-8.
Form 5-8 Forecast Results of Pollutants’ Axis Ground-level Concentration under Static Wind Conditions
|Forecast |stability |X direction distance （m） |
|pollutant | | |
|（mg/m3） | | |
| | |100 |200 |
| | | | |
| | |
|0 |No smell |
|1 |Barely be able to feel smell （feeling threshold） |
|2 |Weak smell but the status can be identified（comprehension threshold） |
|3 |Very easy to feel smell |
|4 |Strong smell |
|5 |Very strong smell beyond patience |
During on-the-spot investigation process, 10 unmarried Youngman and young women under age of 30 and with no hobbies of smoke and liquor were organized for on-the-spot offensive odor smelling. They smell at the distances of downwind direction 5, 30, 50, 70, 100, 200, 300m, etc，and has upwind direction as contrast for smelling. From smelling statistics it can be found that in 5m range of pollution source downwind direction，stronger smell can be felt（Class 3～4），in 5～100m range, smell can be felt very easily（Class 2～3），at the point of 200m distance, smell is very weak（Class 1～2）. According to relevant stipulations，in Class II area Class II control standard should be executed，offensive odor intensity limited value is Class 3. This project treatment scale is smaller, correspondingly stink intensity is lower. So we think this project’s hygienic protecting distance is reasonable.
Existing environmental air quality is good in the evaluation area，and environmental capacity is higher，as long as corresponding environmental protection measures are taken, it is expected that this project’s construction will make less impact on atmospheric environment in the evaluation area.
5.2 Forecast and evaluation of impact on water environment
5.2.1 Analysis of water environmental pollution source and pollution ways
This project is designed to use San Jiang Breeding Farm’s animal and poultry sewage （pig’s waste, pig urine and flushing water ）for fermentation and biogas generation after processing and treatment. Biogas slurry, through fertilizer-water mixing system, will be used for irrigation of fruits forest southwest of San Jiang Breeding Farm，with wastewater emission of 609.3 m3/d. Ex-farm biogas slurry’s pollutant indexes can reach Sewage Comprehensive Emission Standard and Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard, namely COD≤400mg/L, BOD5≤150mg/L.
Biogas slurry from this project is discharged to fruits forest and cotton field southeast of San Jiang Company through pipeline. The fruits forest covers and area of about 8000 mu. The rest biogas slurry can be discharged to cotton field southeast of the fruits forest，making biogas slurry consumed completely. Geographical position of fruits forest and cotton field irrigated with this project’s biogas slurry irrigation is shown as Fig. 2－2.
5.2.2 Analysis of impact of biogas slurry discharge on groundwater environment
（1）Hydrogeological conditions
Surface of sewage residence area is Quaternary covers，and surface layer mainly consists of silt sand and silt fine sand. Stratum is interlaid with silt clay interlayer，thus forming comprehensive water-bearing group with vertical multi-layer water-bearing stratum and water-resisting layer occurred alternatively，namely water-bearing group with underground water upside and pressure water downside. Hydraulic slope is 0.3‰. Topography and groundwater relative distribution information is shown as sewage residence area section diagram Fig. 5－7，and section geological section as bar chart 5－8.
（2）Groundwater pollution forecast model
Forecast of sewage-carried pollutants’ influence on groundwater is mainly for determining range and extent of groundwater pollution. With pollution movement ways into underground aeration zone and water-bearing stratum, the pollutants pollute groundwater with flowing of groundwater.
1. Aeration zone pollutant movement ways and model
Sewage residence area soil layer belongs to stratum rock character, mainly consisting of silt sand, fine sand and thin-layer clay layer. Water level burying-depth is about 1.5m. Extent of sewage to groundwater mainly depends on sewage water quality and sewage’s actual infiltration capacity.
Generally sewage infiltration capacity depends on evaporation, rainfall and surface runoff loss. In order to quantitatively determine this project’s standard-level sewage infiltration’s influence extent to groundwater and time for pollutant to pass through aeration zone, pollutant’s absorption in aeration zone and degradation process can be described as aeration zone black box model. Aeration zone black box model is as follows：
Water volume balance: q1= q0＋qp－qe－qr
quality balance: C1q1=(1－A)C0q0e-λt1
[pic][pic]
For sewer pipeline leakage，C1q1=M=(1－A)C0q0
In which：q1——sewage volume into water-bearing stratum，m3/d;
qp, qe, qr——respectively means river water, evaporation and runoff，m3/d;
C1——pollutant concentration when entering water-bearing stratum，mg/L;
C0——pollutant concentration，mg/L;
A——aeration zone’s pollutant removal rate，%；
M——mass flow，g/L.
② Mathematical model of water-bearing stratum pollutant movement
Suppose it is in horizontal, equal thickness, single-layer and homogeneous water-bearing stratum，initial concentration of pollutant in groundwater is zero，pollutant is partial source （hereinafter referred to as point source）, the concentration is C0，entering with flow Q，pollutant will show not only longitudinal dispersion along groundwater flow direction, but transversal dispersion along vertical flow direction， this in fact is two-dimensional dispersion in uniflow field, then pollutant’s characteristic value during groundwater movement process can be forecast with two-dimensional water power dispersion formula. mathematical model under the conditions is：
[pic]
C（x,y）=0 x,y≠0
C（±∞，y,t）=0 t≥0
C（x,±∞，t）=0 t≥0
In which：C——pollutant concentration, mg/L;
DL——longitudinal dispersion coefficient, m2/d；
DT——transversal dispersion coefficient, m2/d；
X——along water flow direction coordinate, m；
Y——vertical water flow direction coordinate, m；
t——time, d；
λ——pollutant degradation constant ；
[pic]
R——pollutant retention factor,
pb——soil unit weight in dry weight, g/cm3;
kd——pollutant absorption distribution coefficient, ml/g;
ne——effective porosity
Solution of the definite solution question is：
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[pic]
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In which：v——average pore velocity，m/d.
③ Determination of forecast model parameter
a. aeration zone forecast model parameter
Pollutant’s retention factor and aeration zone’s pollutant removal rate is determined according to test results. Aeration zone forecast parameter is shown as Form 5-11.
Form 5-11 Aeration Zone Forecast Model Parameter
|Parameter |L(m) |pb(g/cm3) |θ |q0(m3/d) |λ(1/d) |
| | | | | | |
|Choice of value |1-1.5 |1.14 |0.26 |5887 |0.0035 |
b. Mathematical model of water-bearing stratum
Water-bearing stratum water volume mathematical model parameter is shown as Form 5-12.
Form 5-12 Water-bearing Stratum Forecast Model Parameter
|Parameter |u(m/d) |m(m) |R(COD) |ne |aL（m） |ax（m） |λ(1/d) |
|Choice of value |0.002 |30 |1 |0.12 |0.12 |0.024 |0 |
1. Forecast results
To calculate sewage residence area water-bearing stratum pollutant concentration according to aeration zone pollutant movement mathematical model. COD pollutant concentration time space distribution calculation results are shown as Form 5-13.
Form 5-13 Concentration Distribution Value after Sewage Residence Area COD Entering Water-bearing Stratum for 18250 days（mg/L）
|y/x |0.0 |500.0 |1000 |1500 |2000 |2500 |3000 |
|500 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|450 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|400 |0.00926 |28.4738 |10.3824 |0.00655 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|350 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|300 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|250 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|200 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|150 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|100 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|50 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|0 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-50 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-100 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-150 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-200 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-250 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-300 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-350 |0.01875 |45.8269 |33.5465 |0.01668 |0.00001 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-400 |0.00926 |28.4738 |10.3824 |0.00655 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-450 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
|-500 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |0.00000 |
Absorption hysteresis factor: R=1 attenuation coefficient: λ=0
From Form 5-13 it can be found that movement speed of COD pollutant in infiltration sewage is max movement distance of 2000m in 50 years，and pollutant over-standard range is about 1500m，but mainly accumulates in sewage residence area surrounding groundwater，making less influence on groundwater beyond 1500m downstream. That is to say，infiltration sewage, after entering underground water-bearing stratum，and through long-time horizontal runoff diffusion, will make less influence on downstream groundwater.
According to investigation of sewage residence area surrounding environment, in range of 1.5km along water flow direction there is no distribution of residential community or water intake point of other functions. In up-to-standard sewage insoluble impurity is filtered and absorbed by surface soil，and decomposed and utilized by microbe gradually. With moisture absorbed and stored by soil agglomerate structure and absorbed by plant，sewage is further purified，concentration of organic matters in sewage decreases correspondingly，and the underlying pressure water-bearing stratum water-resisting top slab has separation role，so pollutants in sewage will not pollute pressure water-bearing stratum in the area, and not change original function of groundwater.
5.3 Analysis of impact on sound environment
5.3.1 Noise source
During operation period noise mainly comes from various equipment, pump, machinery and equipment and artificial activities. Noise evaluation is made by adopting analogy and referring to noise of equipment of its kind.
5.3.2 Mode treatment of sound energy attenuation
Influence of noise radiated from the planned project noise source will be given mode treatment by following the hereinafter principle.
To simplify calculations and control main influence factors. For noise source, statistics will be only given to over-80dB (A) noise points. On premise of meeting project precision, certain safety coefficient should be reserved, and forecast calculation should give consideration to shield effect of sound-source farm building enclosure structure and distance attenuation from sound source to sound bearing point in farm area, and main attenuation factors such as air absorption, etc, while ground effect can be ignored. Attenuation caused by rain, snow, mist and temperature is very limited, so the attenuation can be ignored.
For noise sources’ intensity, only regular noise reduction measures will be considered.
5.3.3 Forecast mode
Method of combination of analogy investigation and mode calculation is adopted for forecast. Forecast parameters of noise source intensity and forecast mode can be gained through analogy monitoring and investigation.
Adopting regular mathematical mode, the basic calculation formula is：
[pic]
In which，LPn——sound level at sound-bearing point No. n （dB(A)）；
LWi——sound power level at noise source No. i（dB(A)）；
TL——sound insulation capacity of farm building noise reduction structure（dB(A)），this forecast takes 40（dB(A)）；
rni ——distance from noise source No.i to sound-bearing point No. n （m）
Q——sound source directive factor，this forecast supposes that sound source is located at the center of ground，taking Q＝2；
M——sound wave attenuation value（dB(A)）/100m in atmosphere; this forecast takes 6（dB(A)）/100m.
5.3.4 Forecast of farm boundary environmental noise influence
Noise forecast value at all sound-bearing points should be superposition sum of background noise value and newly-added noise value.
Overlapping calculation formula is：
[pic]
To calculate forecast points’ noise forecast value. Forecast results are shown as Form 5-14.
Form 5-14 Environmental Noise Forecast Results
|Test point |Description of test |Daytime Sound Level dB(A) |Nighttime Sound Level dB(A) |
|No. |point | | |
| | |Background value |Forecast value |Background value |Forecast value |
|1 |Farm north boundary |47.2 |49.3 |40.1 |44.8 |
|2 |Farm East Boundary |45.1 |46.2 |39.8 |41.3 |
|3 |Farm west boundary |55.3 |55.4 |44.3 |44.4 |
|4 |Farm south boundary |49.6 |50.1 |41.2 |41.4 |
According to this project’s design plan, the complete production line basically runs under fully-closed state. Project design will prepared separate rooms for noise equipment such as pump set and separator, etc respectively, add anti-vibration pad, enhance sound-insulation measures in production workshops and office doors and windows, or prepare indoor sound absorption board so as to reduce noise. Taking of the above-mentioned measures can reduce indoor reverberation noise by 8～10dB(A).
From forecast calculation it is found that after sound-insulation treatment through farm building sound-insulation wall，equipment noise, after spreading 50m in air, has sound pressure level basically attenuate to extent making no influence on environment. From layout of project area it can be found that all noise-making workshops are distributed in north of San Jiang Company. Calculation shows that equipment with higher noise basically has distance more than 50m from farm boundary, except for north farm boundary. Outside the north farm boundary it is fruits forest, having not environmental sensitive point, so noise from this project basically has less influence on farm boundary.
Daytime and nighttime forecast values at north, east, west and south test points in farm boundary are all in conformity with requirements of Class II standard in Industrial Enterprise Farm Boundary Noise Standard（GB12348-90）. Daytime environmental noise surrounding the farm site basically meets Class II standard in Urban Area Environmental Noise Standard. Operation of this project will make less impact on sound environment surrounding farm boundary.
To sum up，this project’s noise source will make very little contributions to farm boundary noise，and surrounding sound environment quality will remain existing level.
5.4 Analysis of solid waste influence
The project will daily make dry biogas residue of 19.6t on average，or annually 7154t. Dry biogas residue, after shattering, can serve as feed additive and high-efficient organic fertilizer or edible fungus-use base material, guaranteeing zero discharge.
5.5 Brief analysis of environmental impact during construction period
Main influences during construction period are described as follows：
The planned project’s main construction contents include farm building maintenance, equipment installation, ground pavement, pipeline laying and machinery construction, etc，with lower works quantity. During construction period pollution mainly comes from noise of large-sized transportation vehicle and construction machinery, and flying dust from construction，as well as small-amount solid waste and sewage, meaning very limited environmental impact during construction period. Processing from requirements of environmental protection，however, during project implementation, works must be seriously down for proper construction plan, construction route and time order in order to minimize impact on environment.
5.5.1Analysis of impact on atmospheric environment during construction period
Influence on atmosphere during this project’s construction period mainly comes from dust and secondary flying dust during construction and transportation.
Operational dust during construction period mainly comes from farm area leveling and excavation，bulk building materials （grainy and powder materials）handling and mixing process. The operational dust belongs to open non-fixed pollution source. In addition, there is also exhaust pollution from burning diesel by construction machinery, and transportation vehicles tail gas, etc.
In order to control and relieve influence on atmospheric environment during construction period, the following prevention measures should be taken:
（1）To enhance construction management
To advocate civilized construction, central construction and quick construction, so as to avoid long-time large-range dust flying on construction site.
To properly organize various construction equipment; all building materials should be stored and piled up in fixed place and by types.
Bag cement must be piled in special provisional storage; concrete-prefabricated members should be provided by prefabricating factory as far as possible.
（2）To improve construction method
To unload bulk materials such as yellow sand and broken stone from dump truck, attention should be paid to enclosing the site so as to avoid pollution to environment by large-quantity of flying dust.
Building materials stacked outdoor for a long time, such as yellow sand and broken stone, etc should be covered with rain cloth or often sprayed with water to keep moist and reduce dust flying.
If on-the-site mixing is needed for small-amount concrete，enclosure (for example, with plastic or canvas sheet, etc) should be made around concrete mixer in order to reduce cement diffusion to surroundings.
Vehicles going in and out of the construction site will make dust rising from ground. So pavement on entrance/exit for vehicles should be kept clean, and in these area lower speed should be used as far as possible so as to reduce pollution of ground dust flying.
（3）To adopt advanced technical equipment
During casting foundation and ground floor，a lot of concrete is needed, so commodity concrete must be used and transported to construction site with special concrete mixer.
On the site little cement will be needed. The best way is to use closed tank car to delivery cement to construction site directly from cement plant, and to bunker through pneumatic delivery for standby application，avoiding dust flying from opening and ladle-to-ladle.
5.5.2 Analysis of impact on water environment during construction period
Wastewater from construction process mainly includes：
（1）Production wastewater
Including slurry water from excavation and drilling holes and cooling and washing water from operation of various construction machinery and equipment. The former always contains great quantities of silt，while the latter may contains certain greasy filth.
（2）Domestic sewage
It is mainly made from living activities of construction team，including canteen water, washing wastewater and toilet flushing water. Domestic sewage contains large quantity of bacteria and pathogen.
（3）Construction site cleaning wastewater
This kind of wastewater has limited volume. During construction period, with incomplete sludge facilities, material loss, falling scattered and overflow should be avoided as far as possible.
On construction site water treatment structures such as collecting basin, grit chamber and discharge ditch, etc must be constructed. Muddy water generated in construction should be deposited first and be given drying treatment together with vehicles flushing water and domestic sewage, etc.
5.5.3 Analysis of noise influence during construction period
During construction process，due to running of various construction machinery and equipment and operation of various vehicles, it is unavoidable to generate noise pollution. Pile driving machine, excavator, bull-dozer, concrete mixer and transportation vehicles, etc used in construction all belong to noise source. According to relevant information, noise situations of main construction machinery are listed in Form 5-15.
Form 5-15 Construction Machinery and Equipment Noise
|Description of Construction Equipment |Average A Sound Level at the Place 10m from Equipment |
| |dB（A） |
|Excavator |82 |
|Bull-dozer |76 |
|Concrete mixer |84 |
|Crane |82 |
|Road roller |82 |
|Truck |85 |
From the above form it can be found that noise of construction machinery and equipment on the spot is very high. During actual construction process，when various machines work at the same time, various noise sources radiate and overlap mutually，noise level will be higher，and radiation range larger.
During construction period, in order to reduce noise influence, construction management must be enhanced by controlling construction time and adopting reasonable method. Specific measures are：
（1）To enhance control of noise pollution source on construction site. When loading or unloading metal materials，it is required to lift and place them with care and avoid rough operation and generation of man-made noise pollution.
（2） To reasonably arrange construction time and strictly control nighttime operation of high-noise equipment.
（3）To replace pneumatic tools by hydraulic ones.
（4）To control automobile quantity and traffic density in construction site and automobile horning as far as possible.
Through the above-mentioned noise controlling measures, it is expected to control noise during construction period to lowest level so as to reduce noise influence on surrounding sound environment.
5.5.4 Disposal of construction wastes and domestic wastes during construction period
Building refuses such as residues and soil, etc and domestic refuses during construction period must be cleared and transported to specified place rather than be dumped arbitrarily. It is prohibited to throw tools, building materials and building refuses anywhere. Various wastes should all be delivered to specified place for piling and treatment strictly according to stipulations of environmental sanitation authority.
During construction period works should be done to do well job of construction organization and site management, adopt advanced construction method and advocate civilized construction; improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel on the spot，introduce environmental protection into site construction management stipulations so as to reduce dust and noise pollution’s influence on surrounding environment during construction period.
5.5.5 Environmental management during construction period
Before construction, construction unit should prepare construction organization plan in detail, and establish environmental management system. Full-time personnel should be arranged for environmental protection during construction period. For “three wastes” generated during construction, corresponding prevention measures and disposal method should be taken. In terms of environmental management, national environmental protection regulations and standards concerned should be implemented fully, various environmental protection management systems should be worked out to guarantee regulations available for observation and scientific management.
5.5 environment influence analysis for alternative plan
In this evaluation, environment influence of 100 thousand-pig project and 500 thousand-pig project of San Jiang Company will be compared (100 thousand-pig project is indicated as A, 500 thousand-pig project is indicated as B) , the environment influence predicate method is as same as those in this chapter, predicate results are shown below:
[pic]as schematic diagram shown, we can conclude:
Atmosphere environment: atmosphere pollutant arising from A is nearly 5 times than that of B, however, environment influence of B is more than 5 times that of A, it represents that increase of atmosphere pollutant is not merely individual increase, increase of atmosphere pollutant such as increase of SO2 will further reduces capacity of atmosphere environment, results in evident deterioration of local atmosphere environment, as for stink, the increase of stink will result in expanse of influencing area, and increasing number of influenced people. The increase degree of influence of atmosphere environment is more than the increase times of the scale.
Water environment: water pollutant of B is about 5 times that of A. the influence scale is direct proportion to the scale. Namely, nearly 5 times. Swage arising from the project can be used as irrigation water for economic crops, which is normal emission, the increase of swage will only result in increase of irrigation area. If irrigation area is ensured, its influence will be direct proportion to swage quantity produced by the project.
Noise: noise output of the B is less than 5 times that of A, this is determined by characteristics of noise output. By installing proper noise elimination and reduction equipment and taking relevant measures, the difference between noise output and environment influence of the A and B is relatively not obvious.
Solid waste: solid waste: solid waste after innocent treatment will be sold. Along expansion of the project scale, solid waste treatment such as ,packing, transport, and sales network will be improved, which will reduce pollution in intermediate links, therefore, solid waste influence will be improved as the scale of project is expanded.
To sum up, the pollutant quantity produced by 500 thousand-pig project is nearly 5 times that of 100 thousand-pig project, however, the influence of various environment elements is different, the expansion of scale will relatively increase burden on atmosphere environment, as the comparative evaluation is based on the same condition, if and treatment facility for atmosphere pollutant is improved in accompany with expansion of scale, atmosphere environment influence is possibly alleviate to some extent; expansion of scale is comparatively beneficial to solid waste treatment, as well as firedamp utility of farmers inhabited in surrounding area. But the expansion of scale may result in a condition that supply exceeds demand, which will lead to a situation that residue of firedamp is accumulated, this will come out a series of environment problems. Expansion of scale also involve land use, increase of employment, as well as social and economic issue of local pork market. These problems are not stated in this evaluation respectively. If environment protection facilities are improved along with the expansion of scale, in addition, environment protection measures are taken, with regard to environment influence, the expansion is practical.
6 Environmental risk evaluation
Accident risk generally means sudden incidents of raw and auxiliary materials and products during transportation, storage and use process in uncontrollable state. There is very limited possibility of the occurrence of the incidents，and the occurrence is related to multiple factors such as material leakage volume, pollution extent and range, scale of sudden incident, whether the remedy measures are quick and reasonable, etc. This kind of incident is hard to be accurately calculated with figure. But once the accident happens, it will cause considerable influences on surrounding ecological environment and human body health. Purpose of risk evaluation is to analyze and forecast potential danger, harmful factors with construction project, possible sudden incidents during the construction and operation period or substance leakage causing harmful toxic and inflammable explosive, etc，personal safety and environmental impact and damage extent，and put forward reasonable and feasible prevention, emergency and relief measures, so as to make construction project accident rate, loss and environmental impact reach an acceptable level.
6.1 Environment risk identification and analysis
6.1.1 Material risk identification
6.1.1 Project risk substance and identification
Substance with potential danger involved by the project is biogas. Afer purification, biogas is colorless offensive-odor toxic gas. Biogas ignition temperature is 550～650℃，and air-mixed explosion limit 4.27%～37.59%. Biogas contains little carbon monoxide. As carbon monoxide and human body hemoprotein are very liable to combine and generate carbon oxygen hemoprotein, it can make people suffer oxygen deficiency and toxication. Relevant information shows that in air inhaled by human body, if CO concentration of 240mg/m3 keeps for 3h，COHb（carbon oxygen hemoprotein） in Hb can exceed 10%；when CO concentration reaches 292.5mg/m3，it can make people suffer serious headache and dizziness, etc. COHb can rise to 25%；when CO concentration reaches 1170mg/m3， inhalation of it for over 60 min can make people knockdown, and COHb rises to about 60%； when CO concentration reaches 11700mg/m3，it can make people die in few minutes，and COHb can rise to 90%.
Therefore, this project’s biogas is liable to cause safety accidents of toxication, ignition and explosion, etc.
6.1.2 Risk source
According to project analysis, it is determined that this project’s risk source is biogas gas storage tank.
6.1.3 Risk type
Through analysis of project construction, risk pollution accident is mainly expressed in：biogas leakage caused by natural or man-made management errors, which can cause fire explosion and toxication accident .
6.2 Forecast of range of accident influence on environment
6.2.1 Analysis of biogas explosion’s influence on environment
If biogas meets no direct ignition，the released mixed biogas will form explosion smoke cloud. After ignition， the smoke cloud will generate an open explosion steam smoke cloud, or form flickering flame. People in flickering flame range will be burned died or seriously injured When open explosive steam smoke cloud is generated，the shock wave can make people beyond smoke cloud injured.
Explosion affecting radius calculation formula:
r(s)=Cs[NEc]1/3=C(s)(NXQHc／U)1/3
In which：r(s)一affecting radius, m；
C(s)一harm coefficient, m／J 1/3(harm coefficient and extent of harm shown as form 6-1)；
N—occurrence factor (percentage of energy generate by shock wave to total explosion energy，taking 10%)；
Ec—total explosion energy, J；
X—distance to release source when concentration on diffusion axis is explosion lower limit, m；
U—wind velocity on diffusion axis, m/s；
Q—release rate，kg/s；
Hc— burning heat ，J/kg.
Form 6-1 Explosion Extent of Harm
|Cs（m／J1/3） |Extent of Harm |
| |To equipment |To people |
|0.03 |Generating serious harm |1% people died，＞50% people suffer ear diaphragm |
| | |rupture |
|0.06 |Generating repairable harm |1% people ear diaphragm rupture |
|0.15 |Glass broken | |
|0.4 |10% glass damaged | |
Estimation according to relevant mode in Technical Guide for Industrial Danger Evaluation and selection of limit value in forecast mainly gives consideration to protect people’s safety. For harm influence distance, if more than or equal to forecast distance under limit value conditions, it will be defined as harm distance in evaluation, otherwise it will be thought that the risk is less or safety higher. Through calculation it can be found that when explosion accident of this project’s biogas happens, explosion over-compression（shock wave）dangerous distance is 35m.
According to arrangement of this project’s farm area， 15 m in northeast direction of biogas gas storage tank it is employees resident area, at present, there are 6 rooms in a single story building, which are within safety range in case that the firedamp storage tank exploded, therefore, preventive measures shall be taken or the rooms shall be moved. With respect to preventive measures, such as to build explosion prevention wall or to dig explosion prevention canal, between biogas storage tank and resident area, (explosion prevention wall shall be 0.5 m higher than that of building to be protected, explosion prevent canal shall be 1m in width, 2.5m in depth, stuffed with straw, waste foam plastic and other low density, high voidage material). As the resident area is facing to firedamp storage tank, it may be greatly influenced, amount of works of protection structure, the professional design department shall invited to design and put into operation after it is examined and approved by safety inspection department concerned. This is not suitable for the project. On principle of people-orientation and being economically applicable, the environment evaluation report suggests that San Jiang Company shall move the employees’ resident houses at least 35m in distance to firedamp storage tank. Whereas resident house move is not included in project design, San Jiang company can settle their employees in the resident district of Group 8, which can reduce cost of such move. Gas storage tank is relatively far away from village, farm, highway and other important buildings, outside the range of safety prevention, the explosion of such tank has no great influence on them.
6.3 Emergency plan for accident
In terms of safe production, China always sticks to the principle of “Prevention orientation, safety first”, with efforts focusing on prevention. In terms of accident rescue, “Enterprise Self-rescue Orientation, Social Rescue Supporting” principle is practiced. Emergency plan for accident is formulated according to project risk source risk analysis to prevent accident occurrence and reduce accident loss. Therefore it is very necessary to formulate this project’s accident emergency plan.
6.3.1 Accident prevention measures
（1）To regularly carry out safety test of equipment; records of test contents, time and personnel should be kept. Safety test frequency and times should beset up according to equipment safety and danger requirements.
（2）Biogas pipeline should be equipped with low-pressure alarming and automatic turn-off device, and other equipment should also be equipped with automatic pressure adjustment device; dry distillation square furnace and pipeline should be arranged with steam blowing device and out-spreading device when starting and stopping to prevent biogas burning and explosion to catch fire.
（3）Design and selection of pressure containers in device must be carried out strictly according to national standards such as Technical Rules of Supervision of Pressure Container Safety, etc. In terms of materials selection, full consideration should be given to medium corrosion problem.
（4）In main workshops and auxiliary rooms corresponding ventilation and air exchange measures should be taken in order to avoid harm to operators by harmful gases.
6.3.2 Accident rescue direct decision-making system
Accident rescue direct system is a system to deal with accident rescue treatment after emergent accident happens. The system is very necessary to guarantees quick response to accident, treatment accident, being resolute in decision-making and reduction of loss. It includes organization system, communications and personnel first aid, etc. Therefore, after project is put into production, works should be done to formulate this kind of preliminary plan.
6.3.3.1Organization system
To establish emergency rescue directorate and emergency rescue team and arrange for full-time personnel to protect equipment distribution and on-the-site rescue. All functional departments should be specifically responsible for first aid to accident.
6.3.3.2Communications
Communications system should be guaranteed smooth and without block. When formulating preliminary plan, person-in-charge and the telephone number for contact, and numbers of external contact center and various social rescue organizations should be clarified，such as first aid station general and fire brigade, etc. Communications decides quick response ability when accident happens.
Communications system should be kept quick and smooth not only during daytime but also in nighttime and holidays and festivals.
6.3.3.3 Safety management
The company’s security department will be responsible for fire fighting safety in the company, implement fire fighting regulations, formulate the company’s fire fighting management and farm area vehicles transport management system and properly control fire source, and be responsible for fire fighting safety training and organizing and training fire fighting personnel in the company.
6.4 Prevention countermeasures and suggestions
6.4.1Generally acknowledged prevention accident principle
（1）Prevention of accident is an essential component for enterprise to realize good management and guarantee products quality；
（2）Management personnel and operators must make a concerted effort in activity of preventing accident；
（3）Top leader of the enterprise is the first responsible one for safety，must organize safety production and set a good example；
（4） Each production position must be prepared with safety principles that is clear and can be familiarly understood by personnel on duty；
（5）Efforts must be made to gain the most advanced technology and method for safety production.
The five principles involve modern many important links in modern corporate management. Following these principles can make possibility and harm of accident reduce to an acceptable level.
6.4.2 In terms of project design, construction and following management, possible accident risk links should be considered, particularly in terms of equipment selection, full consideration should be given to safety measures and anti-leakage measures.
6.4.3 To make plan preventing accident from happening.
6.4.4 Emergency plan for risk accident
In normal time, the planned project must have emergency preliminary plan for accident prepared so as to deal with emergency harm accident that may happens. With the plan, once accident happens, emergency treatment of the accident can be carried out under full preparations.
Emergency plan for risk accident includes emergency state classification, emergency plan area and accident class level, emergency prevention and emergency medical treatment, etc. So risk accident emergency plan should include the following contents:
1. General situations of toxic chemicals and dangerous source used and generated by the project in production process；
2. Emergency plan implementation area；
3. Organization, responsibility and authorizer for control of emergency and accident disaster；
4. Emergency state classification and emergency response procedures；
5. Emergency equipment, facilities, materials and personnel mobilization system and procedures；
6. Emergency notifier and authorizer, relevant personnel and relevant organizations’ communication system and procedures；
7. Emergency environment monitoring and accident environmental impact evaluation；
8. Emergency prevention measures, measures on cleaning out leakages and method and equipment；
9. To provide system and procedures for emergency personnel contact dosage control, personnel evacuation, medical first aid and the public health guarantee；
10. Emergency state termination and accident influence recovery measures；
11. Procedures for emergency personnel training, drill and emergency system test；
12. Public education of emergency accident and accident information releasing procedures；
13. Arrangement and procedures for mobilizing the third-party resources for emergency support；
14. Accident record and report procedures；
15. Annexes.
6.4.4 Emergency environment monitoring
Daily environment monitoring of this project is mainly undertaken by Aksu Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station. Proper adjustment of monitoring points on the basis of existing monitoring work, emergency environment monitoring of pollution points of devices and emergency monitoring is mainly relied on Aksu Prefecture’s emergency monitoring system. It must be guaranteed that relevant personnel get to the accident site within 40 minutes after the occurrence to carry out emergency environment monitoring, with main task of monitoring of exhaust, and wastewater under accident state, analyzing harmful substance concentration in it, determining whether the results are in conformity with national and local standards stipulated, and providing administration basis for decision-making department.
After accident happens with devices of the project，emergency directing group should quickly organize emergency environment monitoring department to keep monitoring accident site and surrounding environment continuously, understand farm area and sensitive protection target’s environmental air pollutant concentration, wastewater emission volume and emission concentration in time, and appraise accident status, parameter and various pollutants’ diffusion extent.
For specific accident monitoring plan, see Form 6-2.
Form 6-2 Accident Environment Risk Emergency Monitoring Plan
|Environment |Character Pollutant |Monitoring Place |Monitoring Frequency |
|Elements | | | |
|Air |Biogas |Accident downwind direction farm boundary |Once an hour |
|Wastewater |COD, BOD5, pH, SS |Accident emission outlet, farm area |Once an hour |
| | |wastewater discharge outlet general | |
7 Clean production
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Clean Production was adopted on June 29, 2002 in the 28th conference of the Ninth Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, which stipulates that units going in for production and services and departments for relevant administrations shall organize and implement clean production according to stipulations of the law.
Clean production is an important measure for realization of coordinated and sustained economic and environmental development. Its concept is to make prevention and control of pollution running through all the production process and products consumption and uses and generate no and less production wastes, so as to have no and less harm to human body and environment. In short，it is to produce clean products of clean environmental protection through clean production process. Enterprise is the subject in implementing clean production，and clean production’s target is “improving efficiency, reducing consumption, saving energy and cutting down pollution”， so implementation of clean production can not only be favorable to environment , but also favorable to enterprise itself. Implementation of clean production is enterprise’s fundamental requirements and destination. Essence of carrying on clean production lies in practicing pollution prevention and total process control, and it will bring enterprise with inestimable economic, social and environmental benefits. Clean production is a systematic engineering. On the one hand, it advocates to cut down production cost and improve enterprise’s comprehensive benefit through process improvement, equipment renewal, waste reclamation and utilization, etc，on the other hand, it emphasizes improvement of enterprise’s management level and of quality of all employees including management personnel and project technical personnel and operating workers in terms of economic idea, environmental awareness and awareness participating in management, technical level and professional ethics. At the same time，clean production can also effectively improve labor environment and operation conditions for operating workers, reduce influence of production process on employees’ health, set good social image of enterprise, promote public support to its products and improve enterprise’s market competitive power.
Practicing clean production and implementing sustainable development strategy is the fundamental principle that China’s economic construction should follow，and also the basic principle and fundamental task for preventing industrial pollution. Essence of clean production is to stick to adoption of new process and new technology in production development, transform raw materials into products to max extent through total production process control and reasonable allotment resources and energy and eliminate pollution in production process so as to realize purpose of saving energy, cutting down consumption, reducing pollution and improving efficiency and concerned development of economic construction and environmental protection.
7.1 Clean production evaluation index system
Clean production evaluation indexes should cover all links of raw materials, production process and products， particularly of production process, and must give considerations to use of resources and production of pollutant, so clean production evaluation indexes are classified into four major types：raw materials index, products index, resources index and pollutant generation index, each of the indexes can be further itemized as follows：
⑴ Raw materials index
Raw materials index includes raw materials’ toxicity, ecological influence, regenerability, energy intensity, reclamation and utilization, etc, totaling five aspects.
⑵Products index
Products index includes products’ sales, use, life optimization and rejection, four aspects.
⑶Resources index
Resources index includes unit-product water consumption, energy consumption and materials consumption, three aspects.
⑷ Pollutant generation index
Pollutant generation index include unit-product exhaust, wastewater and waste, etc, of which wastewater generation index is itemized as wastewater volume, CODcr, BOD5 and SS.
7.2 Clean production index classification
According to clean production evaluation index analysis, this technology requires production process clean production level of three-class technical indexes:
Class I：international clean production advanced level；
Class II：domestic clean production advanced level；
Class III：domestic clean production basic level.
7.3 Quantitative index classification
This project quantitatively classifies its clean production advancement of its kind according to domestic same-industry clean production situation，proceeding from improving resources energy utilization ratio and reducing environmental pollution，relying on industry production process’s character, resources energy utilization and pollutant generation as well as environmental management.
7.4 Clean production index analysis
⑴ Raw materials index
Main raw materials for the project production are pig’s waste, non-toxic and harmless.
⑵Products index
Main product of this project is electric energy, with very wide uses and belonging to clean product.
7.5 Clean production improvement suggestions
In order to better and constantly carry out clean production, the followings are suggested according to characteristics of the project:
① To strictly execute rules of process and carry out employees’ position training by having technical training course every year to improve employees’ quality.
② To enhance production management, reduce leakages and loss of raw materials，and control flushing water consumption in workshops.
③ To regularly practice maintenance, classify equipment by different performances，organize personnel to regularly maintain, repair and reuse old equipment and articles，improve equipment availability rate and use rate.
④ To realize chloride-free bleach step by step to further meet clean production requirements.
⑤ Construction unit is suggested to pass certification of ISO14001environment management system as early as possible, establish and execute internationally-advanced quality, health, safety and environment（QHSE）comprehensive management system and improve clean production management system.
④ To do well job of management of raw materials, products quality, resources protection and pollution control in real earnest, and strive to practice clean production and prevent pollution to realize pollutant reduction target.
8 Environmental protection measures
8.1 Measures on environmental protection during construction period
8.1.1 Countermeasures for water environment protection during construction period
Wastewater generated during construction process mainly includes production wastewater, domestic sewage and wastewater from construction site cleaning.
During construction the above-mentioned wastewater volume is not high. However, if no treatment or improper treatment of them，harm to environment will occur similarly. So attentions should be paid to：
① Drainage direction must be stipulated strictly on construction site.
② During construction period, with incomplete sludge facilities, material loss, falling scattered and overflow should be avoided as far as possible.
③ On construction site water treatment structures such as collecting basin, grit chamber and discharge ditch, etc must be constructed. Construction muddy water and flushing water generated in construction should be deposited first and be given drying treatment.
④On construction site soil is piled more. The soil should be cleaned out to specified place in time. Arbitrary dumping is not allowed.
8.1.2 Countermeasures for protection of atmospheric environment during construction period
During construction period, a large number of building materials must be used. Handling, stacking, mixing and processing of the materials will make quantities of dust escaping externally. The dust belongs to open non-fixed pollution source flying dust, control of which is considerably hard, but if certain measures in terms of management, construction method and technical equipment, etc can be taken, better control effect can be made. In order to not worsen dust pollution in project construction area, it is suggested to take the following measure:
①To enhance construction management
To advocate civilized construction, central construction and quick construction, so as to avoid long-time large-range dust flying on construction site.
To properly organize various construction equipment; all building materials should be stored and piled up in fixed place and by types.
Bag cement must be piled in special provisional storage; concrete-prefabricated members should be provided by prefabricating factory as far as possible.
When wind velocity is too high, construction should be stopped，and building materials such as sand and stone, etc should be covered.
②improvement construction method
To unload bulk materials such as yellow sand and broken stone from dump truck, attention should be paid to enclosing the site so as to avoid pollution to environment by large-quantity of flying dust.
Building materials stacked outdoor for a long time, such as yellow sand and broken stone, etc should be covered with rain cloth or often sprayed with water to keep moist and reduce dust flying.
If on-the-site mixing is needed for small-amount concrete，enclosure (for example, with plastic or canvas sheet, etc) should be made around concrete mixer in order to reduce cement diffusion to surroundings.
Vehicles going in and out of the construction site will make dust rising from ground. So pavement on entrance/exit for vehicles should be kept clean, and in these area lower speed should be used as far as possible so as to reduce pollution of ground dust flying.
③ To use advanced technical equipment
On the site little cement will be needed. The best way is to use closed tank car to delivery cement to construction site directly from cement plant, and to bunker through pneumatic delivery for standby application，avoiding dust flying from opening and ladle-to-ladle.
8.1.3 Countermeasures for protection of noise environment during construction period
During construction period, in order to reduce noise influence, construction management must be enhanced to control operation time and adopt reasonable method. Specific measures are：
① Construction transportation vehicles, such as loader, large-sized truck and wheel-type tractor, etc must be equipped with sound eliminator, particularly transporting and loading vehicles, which should be equipped with tail gas and sound eliminator with dampening capacity ≥20dB(A)，in order to reduce nighttime operation time as far as possible.
② High-noise equipment such as air compressor equipped with pneumatic tools of air pick and rock drill, etc should be arranged in the place far from nearby noise sensitive area in order to increase sound energy’s distance attenuation and reduce noise’s influence on environment.
③To enhance control of noise pollution source on construction site. When loading or unloading metal materials，it is required to lift and place them with care and avoid rough operation and generation of man-made noise pollution.
④ To do well job of labor protection, and arrange for personnel working near noise source to wear earplug.
⑤ Construction unit should strictly control nighttime operation of high-noise equipment. If continuous operation is a must for special reasons, written application should be submitted to local environmental protection department 10 days in advance for approval, after which construction can be continued.
With the above-mentioned comprehensive anti-noise measures, noise during construction period can be controlled to lowest level thus to reduce influence on surrounding residential environment and noise sensitive area.
8.2 Atmospheric pollution prevention countermeasures and measures
1.the biogas pool is adjacent to the northern wall of farm, in cases of unfavorable meteorological condition of atmosphere diffusion, stink pollution control will be difficult, the location of biogas pool is recommended to move 15-30m distance from the northern wall of the farm. Meanwhile, greening between farm fence and sludge structure shall be improved, planting tall trees with high disease resistance to reduce stink influence in air environment.
2. advanced fermentation and thorough decomposition technology and closed type fermentation apparatus shall be adopted to minimize stink emission by adjusting material proportion and controlling fermentation condition
3.facilities shall be built in incomplete open structures.
4. management of transportation shall be strengthened. Biogas residue after dehydration shall be removed on time, equipment shall be cleaned regularly, at least once in two days.
5. greening rate of farm area shall be more than 40%, tall trees with high disease resistance such as elm and poplar shall be planted in surrounding area of stink source. Tall trees with high pollution resistance such as elm shall be planted in surrounding area of the farm, which can beautify environment, purify air and reduce stink emission.
8.3 Water pollution prevention countermeasures and measures
In pig farm, flushing water consumption should be controlled to lowest level as far as possible so as to decrease animal feces moisture for convenience of feces clearing and treatment. At the same time, transportation of pig feces should be arranged properly to prevent falling scattered.
In pig farm area sewage ditch and pipeline and sewage tank should be prepared to collect feces sewage from breeding process in pig farm area, and let the sewage flow naturally or pumped to biogas stations treatment facilities for treatment.
8.4 Noise pollution prevention countermeasures and measures
Equipment and pumps used for this project are installed in rooms, and all blowers and pumps are equipped with vibration cushion.
For some newly-added high-noise equipment, separate workshop is used for enclosure respectively, and noise elimination design is adopted.
8.5 Solid waste pollution prevention countermeasures and measures
The project will daily make dry biogas residue of 19.6t on average，or annually 7154t. Dry biogas residue, after shattering, can serve as feed additive and high-efficient organic fertilizer or edible fungus-use base material, guaranteeing zero discharge.
Employees’ domestic garbage will be collected regularly and delivered to local garbage field for sanitary landfill with special transportation vehicles.
biogas residue shall conform to following requirement:
Appearance: brown or dust color, grainy or powdery, no mechanical impurities, no malodor.
Technical indicators: organic matter content ≥30%, gross nutrient content≥4%， water content水分≤20%，power of hydrogen 5.5－8.0. ascarid egg death rate≥95%, coliform value10－1－10－2
Certificate of quality shall be accompanied by each batch of products, including name of enterprise, name of product, batch number, net weight, production date and etc.
Organic fertilizer container bag or woven bag shall be underlaid by internal polyethylene container bag, organic fertilizer shall be stored in shady and cool place, moisture, solarization and rupture shall be prevented during transportation.
San Jiang Company shall provide related instructions to local farmers who buy biogas residue, such as recommend farmers to store fertilizer in shady and cool place, suggested dosage, as well as cautions of biogas residue. Dosage of biogas residue per hectare shall be 3-6 tons subject to soil condition and variety of crops. For those farmers who seldom use biogas residue, San Jiang Company shall dispatch specific person to carry out survey of agricultural soils and crops, then provide proper recommendations.
8.6 greening measures
The evaluation mainly agrees the greening plan contained in feasibility research report of the project, except following suggestions:
1. The greening rate within farm area shall not less than 40%.
2. Choice of tree species: trees with high disease resistance are recommended, such as elm.
3. Greening in surrounding area of polluting source shall be strengthened, such as biogas generating pit to reduce stink; pump room to reduce noise output; and two sides of road to reduce dust emission.
4. In surrounding area of explosive substance such as biogas tank, trees and meadow shall be decreased as possible as it can.
9. Total control
9.1 Selection of total control factor
According to national requirements of pollutant total control and character of construction project，COD in wastewater and SO2 in exhaust are selected as total control index.
9.2 Calculation of pollutant discharge total control
For determination of project pollutant discharge total control index, it must be considered first to meet the following basic conditions:
To guarantee up-to-standard emission of pollutants；
To meet limit value of allowed discharge volume；
To meet requirements of target total stipulated by local environmental protection administration.
Considering local environmental administration has not allocate specific pollutant emission total control index to the farm, the enterprise should make application to local relevant environmental protection administration for pollutant emission total index for convenience of directing production in following days.
According to pollution source and pollutant emission statistical analysis in this environmental impact evaluation, on the premise of that pollutant emission and environmental quality reach the standard, the farm’s pollutant emission volume is：
Emission of SO2 in exhaust pollutant is 0.2t/a.
9.3 Suggestive index for pollutant emission total control of the planned project
According to this project’s environmental air pollutant emission situations，Xinjiang Aksu San Jiang Breeding Co., Ltd should make application to Aksu Prefecture Environmental Protection Administration for pollutant emission total control index in time.
Under the designed production scale of this project，this environmental impact evaluation, on the principle of pollutant up-to-standard emission principle, suggests pollutant emission total control index of SO20.2t/a for this project.
10. Public participation
10.1 Purpose of public participation
Public participation means to let the public in various social circles in project influencing area understand project construction plan, collect the public’s recognition, attitude and requirements of the project construction, hear or investigate their opinions on environmental impact that may caused by the project and environmental protection measures，so as to make the evaluation more practicable，the environmental protection measures more feasible and favorable to giving max play to project’s comprehensive and long-term benefits.
Effective public participation can more enrich environmental impact evaluation’s contents. Some people are short of normal and professional training, but they have certain understanding of relations among various environmental resources in project area, so public participation is favorable to formulating optimum environmental protection measures, and to gaining social support and cooperation for project construction and operation.
Public participation in this project’s environmental impact evaluation means to make local residents able to in time and accurately understand meaning of project construction，and favorable and unfavorable, direct and indirect influence to them by the project construction, and help the enterprise understand their attitudes and major concerns about the construction project，find generally accepted solutions to problems proceeding from the public interests，so as to guarantee perfection and justice of evaluation and smooth implementation of the construction project and avoid disputes over pollution during project construction and operation.
10.2 Environmental information disclosure mode and contents
This project’s environmental information disclosure mode is realized by adopting modes of public announcement, symposium, interview and questionnaire investigation.
10.2.1 Public announcement
Construction unit shall make announcement by propaganda column in surroundings of project influence area within 7 days after confirming environmental impact evaluation organization to undertake the evaluation to tell the public name of the project, general description，name of construction unit and evaluation unit and contact details, evaluation procedures and main work contents. Mode and place for the public to put forward opinions is through propaganda columns at Group 2 headquarters and Group 8 headquarters of Aksu Experimental Forest Farm.
Construction unit, after completion of environmental impact evaluation report, shall give public announcement of the abridged version of the report in the experimental forest farm’s Group 2 and Group 8 headquarters respectively to guarantee local residents to read the report and address questions. At the same time, full-time personnel shall be arranged for to give explanation.
Environmental information announcement is shown as annex to this report.
10.2.2 Interview
Evaluation unit made interview investigations among local residents surrounding the project area on Aug. 12 and 13, 2007 respectively, heard local residents’ attitude s about local environment and construction of the project and kept relevant records on the site.
10.2.3 Symposium
Construction unit held a small-sized consultation meeting in San Jiang Company’s office on Aug. 28, 2007 with attendants including local environmental protection administration and environmental protection experts. The experts held positive opinion on the construction and offered several constructive suggestions.
10.2.4 Investigation questionnaire
Centering on units under Group 2 and Group 8 of experimental forest farm，investigation form for public opinions in evaluation area in random mode and selective mode，in order to understand public opinion and requirements of the construction. Finally investigation results are sorted out and summarized. Investigation Form of Public Opinion is shown as Form 10-1.
10.3 Investigation results
10.3.1 Composition of investigation object
People for the investigation are mainly from units under Group 2, Group 8 of the experimental forest farm. In terms of personnel composition，participants of the investigation have background of different occupations and educational degrees，of whom most have degree over senior middle school，guaranteeing effectiveness of investigation; in terms of age structure，people from various age-range account for certain proportion respectively，with the middle-aged and young people as main section, fully reflecting opinions of personnel of different age structure. Age and degree structure of the investigated personnel are shown as Form 10-2, Form 10-3.
Form 10-2 Public Participation Personnel Degree Structure
|Degree |University |Associate |Senior Middle |Junior Middle |Under Junior Middle |Total |
| | | |School |School |School | |
|Number of People |12 |32 |16 |35 |10 |105 |
|Percentage (%) |11.4 |30.6 |15.2 |33.3 |9.5 |100 |
Form 10-3 Public Participation Personnel Age Structure
|Age Range |Under 29 |30～39 |40～49 |Over 50 |total |
|Number of People |22 |31 |36 |15 |105 |
|Percentage (%) |20.9 |29.6 |34.3 |14.2 |100 |
10.3.2 Feedback opinion statistical
（1）Symposium suggestion and analysis
Construction unit held a small-sized consultation meeting in San Jiang Company’s office on Aug. 28, 2007 with attendants including local environmental protection administration and environmental protection experts. The experts held positive opinion on the construction and offered several constructive suggestions. Main suggestions are summarized as follows：
① San Jiang Company originally used open-air, non-impervious channel for sewage emission. The influence of the bag smell generated within range of 15m on both sides of the sewage channel is distinctive, causing inconvenience to surrounding residents’ production and life. It is suggested to reconstruction the channel after project construction and use ground-buried sewage discharge pipe to effectively prevent external leakage of bad smell and infiltration of sewage.
② Dry biogas residue from this project, after shattering, can serve as feed additive and high-efficient organic fertilizer or base material for edible fungus, but it seems that the residue should be test for qualification before ex-farm. This environmental impact evaluation suggests that San Jiang Company should set up lab to check ex-farm dry biogas residue, so as to guarantee the dry residue to be in conformity with Animal and Poultry Breeding Industry’s Pollutant Discharge Standard（GB18569－2001）and National Standard of Organic Fertilizer（NY525－2002）before ex-farm.
（2）Summarization and analysis of investigation questionnaire opinions
84.1% of personnel accepting investigation showed knowledge of the project. In view of their attitude s to the project and investigation statistics，most of them hold support attitude , and that construction of the project will play great role in promoting local economic development，and will make favorable influence on family life, showing the project is in accordance with wishes of absolutely most people.
For statistical results of investigation of attitude to the project, see Form 10-4.
Form 10-4 Statistical Chart of Investigation Results of Attitude to the Project
|1 |Survey Contents |Promotion of the project construction to local economy |
| |Attitude |Favorable |Uncertain |Unfavorable |Total |
| |Number of People |101 |3 |1 |105 |
| |Percentage (%) |96.2 |2.9 |0.9 |100 |
|2 |Survey contents |The project construction’s influence on family life |
| |Attitude |Favorable |Unknown |Unfavorable |Total |
| |Number of People |94 |11 |0 |105 |
| |Percentage (%) |89.5 |10.5 |0 |100 |
|3 |Survey contents |This project construction’s improvement of living environment |
| |Attitude |Favorable |Uncertain |Unfavorable |Total |
| |Number of People |82 |22 |1 |105 |
| |Percentage (%) |78.1 |21 |0.9 |100 |
|4 |Survey contents |Attitude to the project construction |
| |Attitude |Support |Be indifferent |Object |total |
| |Number of People |105 |0 |0 |105 |
| |Percentage (%) |100 |0 |0 |100 |
Statistical results of investigation of environmental present situation are shown in Form 10-5. The public’s answer to current “environmental situation” at present leans to “satisfaction”，with proportion up to 82.9%. Answers to “main environmental problems at present in local area” mostly center on “air pollution and water pollution”, showing local residents’ concern on surrounding environment and high requirements of personal life quality.
Form 10-5 Statistical Results of Investigation of Environmental Situations and Problems at Present
|Attitude to present situation of environmental |Satisfaction |Uncertain |Dissatisfaction |Total |
|quality | | | | |
|Number of people |87 |10 |8 |105 |
|Percentage （%） |82.9 |9.5 |7.6 |100 |
When answering the project’s influence on various factors of natural environment，many personnel make multiple choices，showing their care and concern about he project. Participants thinking this project construction will favorable influence on air quality, water environment quality, sound environment quality and ecological environment account for 53.3%, 49.5%, 40% and 45.7% of the total respectively；participants offering answer of “ no influence ”and “Uncertain” account for 42.9%, 44.8%, 55.4% and 47.6% of the total respectively； participants having answer of “unfavorable influence” less，accounting for 3.8%, 5.6%, 47.6% and 6.7% of the total respectively, from which it can be concluded that they have had certain understanding of the construction project’s pollutant emission and treatment, and shown their positive enthusiasm by making their choices item by item. Investigation results of opinions of influence on environmental quality influence are shown as Form 10-6.
Form 10-6 Statistical Results of Investigation of the Project Construction’s Influence on Environmental Quality
|Item |Favorable |No Influence |Uncertain |Unfavorable |Total |
| |Influence | | |Influence | |
|Air quality |Number of people |56 |22 |23 |4 |105 |
| |Percentage (%) |53.3 |21 |21.9 |3.8 |100 |
|Water environment |Number of people |52 |22 |25 |6 |105 |
|quality | | | | | | |
| |Percentage (%) |49.5 |21 |23.8 |5.6 |100 |
|Sound environment |Number of people |42 |40 |18 |5 |105 |
|quality | | | | | | |
| |Percentage (%) |40 |38.3 |17.1 |47.6 |100 |
|Ecological |Number of people |48 |33 |17 |7 |105 |
|environment | | | | | | |
| |Percentage (%) |45.7 |31.4 |16.2 |6.7 |100 |
In addition, this evaluation also collects and make statistics of public opinions in investigation questionnaire，which area mainly summarized as follows：
① 74.3% of the public put forward the problem of bad smell influence from San Jiang Breeding Farm’s sewage discharge pipe，and wished this project construction can reduce bad smell influence on surrounding environment.
② 85.1% of the public expressed their ideas to use biogas slurry and dry biogas residue for their orchard and cotton field from the project after completion.
10.3.3 Answer to the public opinions
This investigation of public participation shows that the public’s opinions mainly focus on bad smell influence of existing sewage discharge pipe of San Jiang Company and biogas slurry and biogas residue treatment after project completion.
This evaluation will adopt public opinions to reconstruct San Jiang Company Breeding Farm’ discharge pipe and lay ground-buried discharge pipe, so as to reduce bad smell’s influence and sewage infiltration’s influence on groundwater. For treatment of biogas slurry and biogas residue, this evaluation suggests that San Jiang Company should set up lab to check ex-farm dry biogas residue, so as to guarantee the dry residue to be in conformity with Animal and Poultry Breeding Industry’s Pollutant Discharge Standard（GB18569－2001）and National Standard of Organic Fertilizer（NY525－2002）before ex-farm.
The public’s requirements of using biogas slurry and biogas residue for irrigation of orchard and cotton field can be coordinated with construction unit, and are not involved in this evaluation.
10.4 Conclusion of public participation investigation
According to investigation statistics, most of the personnel participating in this investigation held support attitude, and put forward very specific problems，which serves as an important basis for this evaluation. The public generally put forward that environmental protection work must be done well in project construction，and should not influence normal life of surrounding residents; treatment measures should be implemented in a down-to-earth way to realize up-to-standard emission of pollutant, so as to reduce pollution to surrounding environment to max extent and highlight the project’s environmental protection benefits.
11 Environmental protection investment and analysis of environmental and economic gains and losses
11.1Environmental protection investment
Environmental protection investment is an investment in capital construction works related to treatment and prevention of pollution. It includes both expenses for facilities for treatment of pollution and protection of environment and services needed for production and for treatment of pollution, but main purpose of the investment is for facilities to improve environmental quality.
This project’s environmental protection investment covers expenses for exhaust treatment and sewage treatment facilities, solid waste disposal, noise pollution prevention, greening and risk prevention, etc.
This project’s gross investment is about 31.6 million yuan，of which investment in environmental protection facilities is 1.52 million yuan，accounting for 4.8% of the gross investment.
11.1.2 Analysis of environmental protection investment benefit
Breeding industry production belongs to circular-economic project, positive environmental influence after the operation is higher relatively, which has been commented in details in the environmental impact forecast evaluation. Pollution loss value has potential loss value as main section，contains more factors and is hard to be estimated in complete quantization manner，so this environmental impact evaluation takes environmental gains and losses of the pollution prevention measures taken as key for analysis and commentary.
Pollution control measures’ economic gains and losses include two aspects：the first is direct economic benefit, the second is indirect economic benefit. Direct economic benefit means products value (namely internal benefits) provided directly by environmental protection measures，and indirect economic benefit means pollution-caused loss expenses that can be cut down after pollutant treatment(namely external benefit). Indirect economic benefit and loss are two aspects of one issue，between which interchangeable relations exist，namely loss value due to poorer pollution area’s service function caused by environmental pollution can serve as interests gained from reducing pollution.
This project will utilize feces and wastewater of live pig in stock to generate biogas, which will be used for industrialized biogas power generation of the company and for the company’s production and life-use energy. Biogas residue, after sun-drying and shatter, will serve as organic solid fertilizer and feed additive, and biogas slurry will be transmitted through pipeline to neighboring fruits and vegetable field for sprinkling irrigation, infiltration irrigation and drip irrigation. The whole project is an “ecological and environmental protection project changing the waste into the valuable and of comprehensive utilization of resources”，being of important driving and demonstration significance in developing animal and poultry industry in West China and fueling organic agro-industry development，and making certain contributions to controlling greenhouse gases emission, protecting earth climate conditions and improving company environment.
As the above-mentioned，here indirect economic benefit means environmental economic loss reduced by avoiding or relieving environmental impact through taking pollution prevention measures. According to interchangeable relations between indirect economic benefit and loss, environmental impact evaluation adopts pollution loss value to back-derive interests gained due to reduction of pollution for analysis of environmental and economic gains and losses.
In view of geographical position，the project’s farm site is located at Aksu River basin. If the project is not designed with treatment system, random emission will cause degradation of surface water and groundwater quality，directly influencing life of people in project area. Therefore，no treatment of the “three wastes” from the project will cause great economic loss，explaining the pollution treatment works’ great indirect benefit inversely.
11.2 Analysis of environment and economic gain and loss
11.2.1 Social benefit analysis
This project’s social benefits are mainly in the following aspects：
⑴ To give play to resources advantages to enhance local economy
Doing well job of industrial and economic structure adjustment is of very important significance to local economic development. This project is designed to improve products’ added value through further deep processing of products, intensifying resources utilizations. Through advanced management mode and solid funds input the project can give better play to resources advantages in the area. This project is in conformity with China’s situations and national policy of relevant industry, and conforms to Xinjiang’s situation and pace quickening industrial structure adjustment，and urgent requirements to transform resources advantages into products economic for development of economic construction.
⑵ To increase jobs and improve residents
Xinjiang is a region where many ethnic groups live in compact community，stability and unity and full employment are Xinjiang’s top task. Implementation of this project can create jobs to local people, solving the problems of employment of local labor force to certain extent.
11.2.2 Economic benefit analysis
In this project investment in all environmental protection works totals about 1.52 million yuan，accounting for 4.8% of the gross investment in the project. Environmental protection works mainly gain environmental benefit, and make no direct economic benefit basically, and main environmental problems are also reflected in improper environmental protection facilities and irregular operation. Therefore, the project’s indirect benefit is embodied from reduction of emission of various pollutants and occurrence of risk accident.
12 Environmental management and environmental monitoring plan
Environmental management is one of important contents of environmental protection，and an important component of business management. It takes advantages of administrative, economic, technical, legal and training means to coordinate relations of enterprise production, operation, development and environmental protection，and introduce them into enterprise’s agenda，give deep and careful research of environmental problems that has happened or may happen in production process，formulate reasonable pollution treatment plan, with a view to realizing the purpose of developing production, improving economic benefit and protecting environment.
Main contents of environmental management include: supervision and check of implementation and execution of environmental protection measure， responsibility for organization and implementation of environment monitoring and sorting out and submit to higher authority of monitoring data.
Formulation and execution of environmental monitoring plan is basis and foundation of environmental management, provides scientific basis for environmental statistics and quantitative evaluation of environment, can guarantee implementation of various pollution prevention measures, find problem occurred in environmental protection measures in time for correction and improvement. So only by establishing corresponding environment management plan and monitoring plan can the enterprise guarantee normal operation of enterprise pollution treatment facilities and up-to-standard sewage discharge，prevent risk accident, reduce accident loss，and make construction project’s influence on environment controlled in min range.
12.1 Environmental management
12.1.1 Environmental management system
This project’s environmental management system consists of management organization and supervision organization. Environmental management system is shown as Fig. 12－1.
环境管理机构：environmental management organization
环境监督机构：environmental supervision organization
三江公司：San Jiang Company
阿克苏地区环保局：Aksu Prefecture Environmental Protection Administration
环境保护科：Environmental Protection Department
监测站：monitoring station
生产部门：production department
监督部门：supervision department
1. Environmental management organization
In the principle of “simplification and high efficiency”, management organization will be established in form of enterprise. This project’s construction unit San Jiang Company will organize and establish environmental protection department and practice farm director responsibility system，with the director holding the position of head of the department concurrently. The environmental protection department will have 1－2 personnel except for the director，and all department personnel are required to be full time and have professional knowledge and work experience in environmental protection to be responsible for daily works of environmental protection department, which is mainly responsible for：
（1）Implementation and execution of various national and local principles and policies of and regulations on environmental protection, formulation strict technical specifications and operation rules and environmental protection system and rules；
（2） Environmental management during the project construction period and operation period, establishment and perfection of the farm’s environmental protection and equipment maintenance system and regular check of equipment operation to stop occurrence of accident；
（3）Statistics and records of lab’s monitoring and test data of biogas slurry and report of the data to San Jiang Company for it to submit the data to local higher environmental protection administration with a view to guaranteeing pollutant up-to-standard emission；
（4）Treatment of pollution emission accident；
（5） Preparation of environmental protection training plan for company employees, organizing the employees to have trainings of environmental protection.
The company’s employees come from two sections of production department and environmental supervision department, which are under system of leadership of farm director and personnel responsibility to higher officer. All company employees should participate in environmental protection training and shall not be allowed to work before becoming qualified through training. Scope of work, responsibility and authority of all levels, departments, production units and various personnel and environmental protection works in the farm should be clarified.
Main responsibilities of employees at various levels：
（1）Production department controls first-hand data of project production，and should report abnormal situation in project production process to higher department in time so as to control pollution accident and control in embryonic stage；
（2） San Jiang Company lab is major supervision department. Lab should report lab results as truth is and regularly report lab data to environmental protection department.
2. Environment supervision organization
Aksu Prefecture Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for implementation, supervision and management of project environmental protection, organization and coordination of relevant organization for serving environmental protection；examination of environmental impact report；supervision of implementation of project environmental management plan；is responsible for completion acceptance of project environmental protection facilities；guarantee of environmental management regulations and standard that project should execute. Aksu Prefecture Environmental Protection Administration monitoring station will be responsible for completion of project monitoring plan and supervision of monitoring of San Jiang Company’s pollutants.
12.1.2 Environmental management plan
⑴ To seriously implement and execute national environmental protection policy and regulations, improve the farm’s environmental protection management level；
⑵ To formulate environmental protection position target responsibility system, and include environmental management into production management system; combine environmental protection appraisal and economic benefit appraisal together to establish strict rewards and punishments mechanism；
⑶ To enhance publicity and training of environmental protection and practice position training to make all employees able to understand important meaning of environmental protection，including relations to enterprise production, survival and development. The whole company should develop a sense of responsibility to implement environmental protection work in a down-to-earth way and make responsibility specific to every employee；
⑷ To enhance statistics and analysis of environmental monitoring data，establish perfect pollution source record in the farm and strictly control pollutant emission total to guarantee pollutant emission index to meet design requirements；
⑸ To intensify supervision and management of environmental protection facilities operation, establish perfect technical records of environmental protection facilities operation, repair and maintenance, etc, enhance technical training of environmental protection facilities operators to guarantee environmental protection facilities at normal operation state and up-to-standard pollutant emission.
This project’s environmental management plan is shown as Form 12-1.
Form 12-1 Project’s Environmental Management Plan
|Environmental Problem |Management Measures |Implementation |
| | |organization |
|A |Construction period | | |
|1 |Dust, air pollution |· To take reasonable measures, including spraying water on |San Jiang Company |
| | |construction site to reduce construction’s TSP pollution to | |
| | |surrounding atmosphere, particularly area near residents. | |
| | |·Truck delivering building materials must be covered with canvas to | |
| | |reduce leakage. | |
| | |·Mixing equipment must be closed tightly and equipped with dust | |
| | |removing device. | |
|2 |Noise |·To protect construction worker from noise disoperation; workers near | |
| | |strong noise source must wear earplug and helmet，and working time | |
| | |must be limited. | |
| | |·To strictly execute Construction Boundary Noise Limited Value to | |
| | |guarantee noisy construction work not to be carried out during | |
| | |nighttime with a view to preventing disturbance to residential | |
| | |communities. | |
| | |·To enhance maintenance of machinery and vehicles to keep lower noise | |
| | |level of them. | |
|B |Operation period | | |
| |Water quality |To enhance management to guarantee normal operation of sewage |San Jiang Company |
| |pollution |treatment. | |
|C |Environmental |To be executed according to technical specifications of environment |Aksu Prefecture |
| |monitoring |monitoring and monitoring standard and method issued by State |Environmental |
| | |Environmental Protection Administration. |Monitoring Station |
(6) Management planning arrangement schedule: mainly include project construction period and operating period, before start-up of the project, San Jiang Company shall establish intra-farm area environment protection department and personnel appointment. During project construction period, implementation of relevant environment protection measures shall be guaranteed. During operating period, besides its relevant responsibilities, the environment protection department shall cooperate with local environment protection department for environment examination.
12.2 Environmental monitoring
12.2.1 Environmental monitoring purpose
Environmental monitoring is the main guarantee for enterprise to do well job of environmental management and promote normal operation of pollution treatment facilities. By understanding environmental quality situation of neighboring area through regular environmental monitoring, problem can be found and solved in time, thus to be favorable to supervising implementation of environmental protection measures and adjusting environmental protection plan at due time according to monitoring results.
12.2.2 Organization of environmental monitoring
It is suggested to entrust Aksu Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station with undertaking environmental monitoring during project construction period and operation period，while routine monitoring of daily production should be under responsibility of the company’s analysis lab.
12.2.3 Monitoring plan
According to forecast and analysis of the project’s environmental impact, monitoring items including environmental air （TSP）and construction noise during construction period, and environmental air （NH3, H2S）, water environment（pH, CODcr, SS, BOD5, DO, LAS, Cr6+, oils, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, sulfide, total bacteria, coliform group）and noise （farm boundary, pump room）during operation period.
Ex-works biogas residue shall conform to “Organic Fertilizer Standard” (NY525－2002) to carry out inspection, namely, it shall conform to following requirements: organic matter content≥30%, gross nutrient content ≥4%，water content ≤20%，power of hydrogen 5.5－8.0, ascarid egg death rate ≥95%，coliform value10－1－10－2.
This project’s monitoring plan is shown as following form.
Form 12－2 Environmental Air Monitoring Plan
|Stage |Monitoring place |Monitoring item |Monitoring |Monitoring time|Sampling |Implementation |Supervision |
| | | |frequency | |time |organization |organization |
|Construction |Arrange a point |TSP |Random |1 day | |Aksu Prefecture |Aksu Prefecture |
|period |each at downwind | |inspection | | |Environmental |Environmental |
| |direction of farm | | | | |Monitoring Station |Protection |
| |boundary dominating| | | | | |Administration |
| |wind | | | | | | |
|Operation period |Place 10m from main|NH3, H2S |Once a quarter |Two consecutive|4 times a day| | |
| |farm building and | |4 times/year |days | | | |
| |at farm boundary | |random | | | | |
| | | |inspection | | | | |
Form 12－3 Noise Monitoring Plan
|Stage |Monitoring place |Monitoring item|Monitoring |Monitoring time |Sampling |Implementation |Supervision |
| | | |frequency | |time |organization |organization |
|Construction period|Construction site |Noise |2 times/year |1 day |Each at |Aksu Prefecture |Aksu Prefecture |
| | | |random | |daytime and |Environmental |Environmental |
| | | |inspection | |nighttime |Monitoring Station |Protection |
| | | | | | | |Administration |
|Operation period |Place 1 m from farm|Noise |2times/year |1 day |Each at | | |
| |boundary | | | |daytime and | | |
| | | | | |nighttime | | |
Form 12－4 Water Environmental Monitoring Plan
|Stage |Monitoring place |Monitoring item |Monitoring frequency |Implementation |Supervision |
| | | | |organization |organization |
|Operation period|Master discharge |pH, SS, CODcr |once a day |Company |San Jiang Company |
| |outlet | | |lab | |
| | |DO, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, total |Once a week | | |
| | |bacteria, coliform group | | | |
| | |LAS, Cr6+, oils, phosphate, |Once a month | | |
| | |sulfide | | | |
| | |pH, CODcr, SS, BOD5, DO, LAS, Cr6+,|Once a quarter |Aksu Prefecture |Aksu Prefecture |
| | |oils, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen,|4times/year |Environmental |Environmental |
| | |sulfide, total bacteria, coliform|random inspection |Monitoring Station |Protection Bureau |
| | |group | | | |
12.3 Training plan and estimation of expenses
12.3.1 Training plan
This project’s training plan should include project construction-period training and operation-period training.
Construction-period training is mainly for construction personnel, and should be organized by San Jiang Company or Aksu Prefecture Environmental Protection Administration before commencement of project.
Operation-period training consists of up-to-standard training and long-term study training. After the project is completed and put into operation， Environmental Protection Department of San Jiang Company should carry out centralized training of staff member of the farm. Upon end of training, test should be made to guarantee only personnel who successfully pass the test can obtained qualification for position. Long-term study training shall be arranged by Environmental Protection Department of San Jiang Company by twice a year as required. Courses can be prepared by Environmental Protection Department.
12.3.2Estimation of expenses
Including environmental protection training expense and environmental monitoring expense; Environmental protection training expense for construction period is 2000 yuan as plan，long-term study training can be practiced in the farm of San Jiang Company, with 3000 yuan/a for study information and operation and 5000 yuan/a for environmental monitoring.
13 Evaluation conclusion and suggestions
13.1 General situation of project
The project construction scale is designed to use feces and wastewater from about 70630 head of live pig in stock per year of Xinjiang Aksu San Jiang Breeding Co., Ltd to generate biogas. It is planned to adopt six sets of domestic good-performance improved 1000m3 USR anaerobic reactors to annually produce biogas of 4.1455 million m3. Biogas will be used for the company’s industrialized biogas power generation and energy for the company’s production and life, with annual output of biogas slurry of 148,300 t. Solid biogas residue, through solid-liquid separation, sun drying and shattering, can make 7154 t dry biogas residue per year to serve as organic solid fertilizer and feed additive；liquid biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation can be pipeline transmitted to neighboring 8400-mu fruits and vegetables field for sprinkling irrigation, infiltration irrigation and drip irrigation. The whole project is an “ecological and environmental protection project changing the waste into the valuable and of comprehensive utilization of resources”，being of important driving and demonstration significance in developing animal and poultry industry in West China and fueling organic agro-industry development，and making great contributions to controlling greenhouse gases emission, protecting earth climate conditions and improving company environment.
13.2 Influence on environmental air
In evaluation SO2 and NO2 daily average concentrations do not exceed standard，the certain environmental capacity remains. But TSP daily average concentration meets over-standard case in monitoring day. TSP over-standard is mainly related to higher TSP content in air from floating dust in south Xinjiang.
Forecast shows that during project operation period pollutant index of all items do not exceed standard，making less influence on local environmental air.
Generation of bad smell can be minimized by adopting advanced fermentation and thoroughly-decomposed process and close fermentation equipment and proceeding from adjusting material proportion to control fermentation conditions. In addition，some engineering measures can be taken to remove offensive odor.
13.3Water environmental impact
In this area groundwater quality is good, and all indexes do not exceed standard. The area’s groundwater quality can meet requirements of Class III in Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T14848—1993).
This project water pollutant volume is high and water quality is complicated. After treatment up-to-standard discharge can be realized. Forecast and analysis of water environment show drainage from this project will not make distinctive influence on environment in project area and surrounding areas.
In pig farm, flushing water consumption should be controlled to lowest level as far as possible so as to decrease animal feces moisture for convenience of feces clearing and treatment. At the same time, transportation of pig feces should be arranged properly to prevent falling scattered.
In pig farm area sewage ditch and pipeline and sewage tank should be prepared to collect feces sewage from breeding process in pig farm area, and let the sewage flow naturally or pumped to biogas stations treatment facilities for treatment.
13.4 Sound environmental impact
Noise present situation in farm site area meet requirements of Class II in Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standard（GB12348—90）, and sound environmental quality is good .
The planned project’s noise source makes very little contribution to farm boundary noise，surrounding sound environmental quality will remain existing level.
Equipment and pumps used for this project are installed in rooms, and all blowers and pumps are equipped with vibration cushion.
For newly-added some high-noise equipment, separate workshop is used for enclosure respectively, and dampening design is used.
13.5 Environmental risk
The project design gives thoughtful consideration to prevention of risk in farm area, has good target orientation and workability. As long as efforts are made in real earnest during construction and operation process to implement and strictly execute various risk prevention measures, enhance training of working personnel to improve operators’ quality and risk emergency treatment ability，the project’s environmental risk can be minimized.
13.6 Total control
Considering the project’s designed production scale and pollutant up-to-standard emission，this environmental impact evaluation, on pollutant up-to-standard emission principle, suggestions the project’s pollutant emission total control index of：SO2 0.2t/a.
13.7 Public participation
Most of the public hold positive opinion of the project’s construction，and we will do our best to solve problems that a few people concern about.
13.8 General evaluation conclusion and suggestions
After this project is completed and put into production，wastes comprehensive utilization will transform pollutant into economic advantages and products advantages，favorable to Aksu City’s economic growth. At the same time, through adopting a series of environmental protection measures, atmospheric pollutant emission volume can be minimized. In addition, this project can also promote vigorous growth of Xinjiang’s breeding industry, making great contributions to social stability and solving “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” problem. This project boasts very good environmental benefit and social benefit and basically reasonable farm area layout. Main environmental protection measures adopted in this project are advanced，up-to-standard emission of pollutant can be realized, production process is advanced and overall clean level is higher. Through adopting various environmental protection measures mentioned in report, influences of items can be reduced to extent allowable to local environment，and will not make obvious influences on surrounding environment and change of environmental quality and function.
To sum up，this evaluation holds that implementation of this project is feasible at the angle of environmental protection and on premise of taking effective safety prevention measures to prevent environmental risk，seriously implementing environmental protection measures put forward in chapters of this evaluation and meeting local total control requirements.
13.9 Suggestions
To enhance management of environmental protection facilities, establish technical records or database of environmental protection facilities，constantly summarize experience and improve management level step by step to strive for implementation and execution of ISO-14000 environmental protection quality management system as early as possible in the enterprise and really realize integration of social, environmental and economic benefits
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Group 2headquarters
San Jiang Company
school
Group 8headquarters
Pig farm
Butchery
Fruits forest
Septic tank
pig’s waste 136411kg/d
Pig urine 168047kg/d
flushing water 126862kg/d
Slaughering wastewater 6842kg/d
Methane gas, bad smell
Biogas slurry infiltration to groundwater in fruits/forest area
biogas slurry 438162kg/d
Machinery noise
Fig. 4－1 San Jiang breeding 场environment present situation Fig.
Fig. 9 Aksu City all-year ground average temperature broken-line graph
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生产部门
监督部门
环境保护科
监测站
三江公司
阿克苏地区环保局
环境管理机构
环境监督机构
E2027
San Jiang Breeding Farm
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