7th GRADE Science TEACHER NOTES: STANDARD: ELEMENT

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7th -GRADE Science TEACHER NOTES:

S7L1. Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.

ELEMENT

a. Demonstrate the process for the development of a dichotomous key.

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

Dichotomous keys are used to classify organisms according to their characteristics. Dichotomous key statements are answered only by yes or no. Dichotomous keys work like a funnel; they narrow down the characteristics to a specific organism.

Exclusions Students should not memorize scientific names.

Appropriate Technical language: dichotomous key, kingdom, eukaryotic, prokaryotic, decomposer, producer, consumer, scientific name, taxonomy

Language NOT included: phylum, class, order, binomial nomenclature

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) : Sample Question: Give three pictures of different organisms: Develop a simple dichotomous key using the images above.

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD:

S7L1. Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.

ELEMENT

b. Classify organisms based on physical characteristics using a dichotomous key of the six kingdom system. (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals)

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

Differences among the five kingdoms. Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Basic characteristics of the five kingdoms

Exclusions Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species Monerans Any in-depth study to specific kingdoms

Appropriate Technical language: eukaryotic, Language NOT included: moneran prokaryotic, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, plants, animals

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) :

Sample Question: Matt found an odd looking organism in his front yard. After examining the organism through a microscope he

discovered the following facts:

1. It contained a green pigment.

2. The cells of the organism had a nucleus.

Using the dichotomous key provided, determine what kingdom the organism belongs.

Dichotomous Key

1. A. The cell has a nucleus.

Go to Question 2

B. The cell does not have a nucleus. Bacteria

2. A. The cell has no chloroplast and cannot make its own food. Animal

B. The cell contains chloroplast and makes it own food.

Plant

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7l2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

ELEMENT

a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials.

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

Osmosis Diffusion Endocytosis/exocytosis Passive/active transport Mitosis DNA Chromosomes Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Exclusions Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase Interphase Cytokinesis Lipids Water permeable membrane Cell theory Carbohydrates Nucleic acids

Appropriate Technical language: osmosis, diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, mitosis

Language NOT included: lipids, proteins, fermentation

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) :

Sample Question: What are three different ways needed materials get into the cell or waste is removed from the cell? Explain how this occurs.

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

ELEMENT

b. Relate the structure (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

What role do each of the listed organelles play in cell function Chloroplast ? photosynthesis Mitochondria ? cellular respiration Cell membrane ? controls what comes in and goes out of the cell Nucleus ? control center of the cell Cytoplasm ? gel-like substance that nutrients move through in the cell and also acts as a shock absorber Cell wall ? provides structure and support for cells

Appropriate Technical language: chloroplast, mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, cellular respiration, photosynthesis

Exclusions Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosmomes Vacuole Lysosomes Golgi bodies

Language NOT included: Nucleolus, Chromatin, Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosmomes Vacuole Lysosomes Golgi bodies

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) : Sample Question: How do the chloroplast and mitochondria work together to help plants survive.

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

ELEMENT

c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms.

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

Relate how systems help the organism survive. Systems help the body get what it needs and then how cells use what the body gets to sustain itself. Students should see the whole picture of an organism and then see "how it works" to keep itself running.

Appropriate Technical language:

Exclusions Do not focus too much on individual organs and cells.

Language NOT included: specific types of cells

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) : S4CS1 a-c, S4CS7a-b, S4CS8a

Sample Question: How does the respiratory system directly impact individual cells?

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

ELEMENT

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

d. Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs that cells have for oxygen, food and waste

Use this to build on the previous substandard by reinforcing that cells make tissues and tissue makes organs and organs make systems. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are included here. Students should know what these processes produce. Endocytosis and exocytosis, passive and active transport Appropriate Technical language: endocytosis, exocytosis, active transport, passive transport, photosynthesis, cellular respiration

Exclusions Students should NOT learn the formulas for photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

Language NOT included:

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) : S4CS6a, S4CS4c Sample Question: How do organ systems and cells help each other survive?

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

ELEMENT

e. Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body (i.e. digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control and coordination, and protection from disease.

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

Teach function and 2 or 3 major organs in each of these systems:

Digestive Cardiovascular/circulatory Respiratory Reproductive Excretory Muscular Skeletal Nervous Immune Integumentary Appropriate Technical language:

Exclusions Students do NOT need to spend 4 or 5 weeks on this. Just basic functions of the systems and their major organs only. Don't go in depth. Just the facts here.

Language NOT included:

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) :S4CS4a-c, S4CS5a,b,d

Sample Question: What system contains the brain and controls the functions of the body?

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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STANDARD: S7L3. Students will recognize how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

ELEMENT

Appropriate Concepts/Knowledge

a. Explain the role of genes and chromosome in the process on inheriting a specific trait.

Appropriate Technical language: dominant, recessive, Punnett square, chromosomes, hybrid, purebred, meiosis, alleles, genotype, phenotype

Exclusions Mendel's Law DNA construction RNA

Language NOT included: chromatids, students do not have to know the process of meiosis, but they need to know the results and where in the body it takes place.

Characteristics of Science Standard(s) : S4CS1a-d, S4CS4b

Sample Question : A horse with Genotype Hh mates with another horse whose genotype is hh. What is the chance that the horse will have a long mane? H = long mane h = short mane

Georgia Department of Education

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Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools

SCIENCE GRADE FOUR TEACHER NOTES

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