Present Continuous/Past Continuous



Formar tempos verbais é essencial para tudo o resto.Josh/to eat/the cake.Present TenseAffirmative: Josh eats the cake. (josh come o bolo.)Negative: Josh doesn’t eat the cake. (josh n?o come o bolo.)Interrogative: Does Josh eat the cake? (josh come o bolo?)Past TenseAffirmative: Josh ate the cake. (josh comeu o bolo.)Negative: Josh didn’t eat the cake. (josh n?o comeu o bolo.)Interrogative: Did Josh eat the cake? (josh comeu o bolo?)Nos modos Tense o verbo auxiliar usado é o “to do”, na negativa e na interrogativa. Na afirmativa n?o é usado verbo auxiliar. Se o sujeito for a 3? pessoa do singular (he/she/it/nome de pessoa), n?o esquecer de acrescentar –s no fim do verbo principal se este for regular e –es se for irregular.Verbo to do no presente:I do, you do, he/she/it does, we do, you do, they do.Verbo to do no passado:I did, you did, he/she/it did, we did, you did, they did.Present ContinuousAffirmative: Josh is eating the cake. (josh está a comer o bolo.)Negative: Josh isn’t eating the cake. (josh ? está a comer o bolo.)Interrogative: Is Josh eating the cake? (josh está a comer o bolo?)Past ContinuousAffirmative: Josh was eating the cake. (josh estava a comer o bolo.)Negative: Josh wasn’t eating the cake. (josh n?o estava a comer o bolo.)Interrogative: Was Josh eating the cake? (josh estava a comer o bolo?)Nos modos Continuous o verbo auxiliar usado é o “to be”, em todos os tempos. Ao verbo principal acrescenta-se sempre a termina??o –ing.Verbo to be no presente:I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are.Verbo to be no passado:I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, you were, they were.Present PerfectAffirmative: Josh has eaten the cake. (josh tem comido o bolo.)Negative: Josh hasn’t eaten the cake. (josh n?o tem comido o bolo.)Interrogative: Has Josh eaten the cake? (josh tem comido o bolo?)Past PerfectAffirmative: Josh had eaten the cake. (josh tinha comido o bolo.)Negative: Josh hadn’t eaten the cake.(josh n?o tinha comido o bolo.)Interrogative: Has Josh eaten the cake? (josh tinha comido o bolo?)Nos modos Perfect, é usado o verbo auxiliar “to have” em todos os tempos. O verbo principal é sempre transformado em particípio passado (past participle –PP).Verbo to have no presente:I have, you have, he/she/it has, we have, you have, they have.Verbo to have no passado:I had, you had, he/she/it had, we had, you had, they had.Alguns PP’s: seen (to see), done (to do), made (to make), ran (to run)…Ter em conta: nas frases interrogativas o verbo auxiliar vem sempre antes do sujeito. Em caso de dúvida de conjuga??o de verbo principal, ver tabela de conjuga??o de verbos do livro!Future (esqueci-me de falar deste! ? importante para saberes as if-clauses)Affirmative: Josh will eat the cake. (Josh comerá o bolo.)Negative: Josh won’t eat the cake. (Josh n?o comerá o bolo.)Interrogative: Will Josh eat the cake? (Josh comerá o bolo?)Neste modo é apenas usado o verbo modal auxiliar “will” e o verbo principal mantém-se no infinitivo SEM “to”. Verbo will na afirmativa:I will, you will, he/she/it will, we will, you will, they will.Verbo will na negativa:I won’t, you won’t, he/she/it won’t, we won’t, you won’t, they won’t.Conditional (tmb é importante para as if-clauses!)Affirmative: Josh would eat the cake. (Josh comeria o bolo.)Negative: Josh wouldn’t eat the cake. (Josh n?o comeria o bolo.)Interrogative: Would Josh eat the cake? (Josh comeria o bolo?)? apenas usado o verbo modal auxiliar “would” e o verbo principal tmb se mantém no infinitivo sem “to”.Verbo would na afirmativa:I would, you would, he/she/it would, we would, you would, they would.Na negativa:I wouldn’t, you wouldn’t, he/she/it wouldn’t, we wouldn’t, you wouldn’t, they wouldn’t.Forma estas frases nas 6 formas (present tense, past tense, present continuous, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect)-Cassie/to make/the bed.-You/to decide/to become a nun.-Nick and Leen/to celebrate/the wedding.-I/to scream/for help.Voz ativa e voz passiva (active and passive voices)Active voice (frase no passado – past tense)I gave icecream to the dog. (eu dei gelado ao c?o.)Passive voice:Icrecream was given to the dog by me. (foi dado gelado ao c?o por mim.)OuThe dog was given icecream by me. (este tipo de frase n?o faz sentido em português, mas pode ser usado em frases que têm complemento direto e indireto em inglês porque faz tanto sentido como a primeira utiliza??o.)Outro exemplo (frase no presente – present tense)I throw the ball. (eu atiro a bola)I = subject (sujeito)Throw = verb (verbo) The ball = Object (complemento direto pois responde á pergunta “o quê”. O que é que foi atirado? A bola.)Neste caso, a voz passiva fica: The ball is thrown (verbo auxiliar no PRESENTE e verbo principal no PP) by me.Agora juntamos um complemento indireto.I throw the ball to my sister. (atiro a bola à minha irm?.)My sister = complemento indireto pois responde à pergunta “a quem”. A quem é que a bola foi atirada? ? minha irm?. Temos agora um sujeito (I), um verbo (throw), um complemento direto (the ball) e um indireto (my sister).Neste caso é possível transformar a frase para a passiva de acordo com as duas op??es:The ball is thrown to my sister by me. Ou seja, complemento direto + verbo auxiliar no tempo correspondente + verbo principal no PP + complemento indireto + agente da passivaOUMy sister is thrown the ball by me.Ou seja, complemento indireto + verbo auxiliar no tempo correspondente + verbo principal no PP + complemento direto + agente da passiva.Isto é só uma troca do lugar dos complementos. Tudo o resto se mantém igual! N?O ESQUE?ER QUE NA PASSIVA O VERBO PRINCIPAL FICA SEMPRE NO PP!Vamos tentar esta frase em todos os tempos.Past Tense:Active: I threw the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball was thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister was thrown the ball by me.Present Continuous:Active: I am throwing the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball is being thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister is being thrown the ball by me.Past Continuous:Active: I was throwing the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball was being thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister was being thrown the ball by me.Present Perfect:Active: I have thrown the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball has been thrown to my sister by me OU My sister has been thrown the ball by me.Past Perfect:Active: I had thrown the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball had been thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister had been thrown the ball by me.Future:Active: I will throw the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball will be thrown to my sister by me OU My sister will be thrown the ball by me.Conditional:Active: I would throw the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball would be thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister would be thrown the ball by me.Agora vamos tentar uma frase interrogativa.Active: Do I throw the ball to my sister?Passive: Is the ball thrown to my sister by me?Agora com sujeito indefinido:Active: Someone throws the ball to my sister.Passive: The ball is thrown to my sister.Neste caso n?o é necessário acrescentar um agente da passiva pois o sujeito n?o está explícito.Outros sujeitos indefinidos: One, Anyone, No One, People, Somebody, Anybody.Agora com um verbo modal (isto só resulta mesmo na interrogativa):Active: Why do I throw the ball to my sister?Passive: Why is the ball thrown to my sister by me?Outros verbos modais: How, Do, Must, May, o vês, basta saberes conjugar os verbos para saberes formar a voz passiva de uma frase ativa ou vice-versa!Mete estas frases na passiva: (se quiseres né xD)-I bought new shoes yesterday. (comprei sapatos novos ontem.)-She walked the dog. (ela passeou o c?o.)-They are getting a haircut. (eles est?o a cortar o cabelo.)-We can sell some tickets. (podemos vender alguns bilhetes.)- He doesn’t appreciate snails. (ele n?o aprecia caracóis.)Para a matéria das conjun??es e dos adjetivos + preposi??o, ver páginas 65 e 71 do manual! Mais tarde mando algo sobre as If-clauses ;)Beijinhos,Carolina ................
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