RAVE PACKET 11



RAVE PACKET 11

Set written and edited by current and former students of Rockford Auburn High School (Abid Haseeb, Lloyd Sy, Jordan Hoffmann, Saad Sheikh, Alex Pandya, Michael Kikta, and Jacob Balogh)

1. This man generalized Cayley’s formula into a theorem giving the number of spanning trees in a graph; that is his matrix tree theorem. A set of laws named for him includes the statement that a gas at a high temperature and low pressure will emit an emission-line spectrum, and with Piola, he names a stress tensor. With a colleague, this man discovered (*) cesium and rubidium; that colleague was Robert Bunsen. One of this man’s rules states that the potential differences across all elements around any closed circuit loop must be zero. For 10 points, identify this German physicist who coined the term “black body radiation” and names two circuit rules.

ANSWER: Gustav Kirchhoff

2. One character in this novel is sent to live with Tara and Ajodha. Another character in this novel gets a job as a sign-writer and finds his future wife while at Hanuman House. Later, he has a son named Anand who studies in England. The protagonist of this novel is warned to stay away from water, and this prophecy comes true as his father drowns after that protagonist loses a cow. (*) Shama gets married to the title character, who becomes a journalist in Port-of-Spain. The title character, named Mohun, has twelve fingers and needs the title structure to avoid the Tulsis. For 10 points, name this work by V.S. Naipaul.

ANSWER: A House for Mr. Biswas

3. In this game, the achievement “The Moose” is unlocked by never going into cover while tailing the suspect, Candy Edwards. In one mission, you hunt for US Army Surplus morphine, much of which is sold on the underside of popcorn cups from the Black Caesar in the Wilshire District. With your partner (*) “Rusty” Galloway, you run down clues relating to the Black Dahlia killer, found in such places as Pershing Square and the Westlake Tar Pits. During interrogations in this game the player can choose from “Truth”, “Doubt”, or “Lie”. For 10 points, name this Rockstar Games production set in the “City of Angels”, alluding to a film style exemplified by The Big Sleep.

Answer: L.A. Noire

4. In one instance, this man alerted his troops from Blowingstone Hill in a battle against Halfdan Ragnarsson. He met with forces at Egbert’s Stone before one of his victories against the Great Heathen Army of Guthrum. This victor at the battles of Ashdown and Edington signed the Treaty of Wedmore. He’s not an 11th-century king, but he did compile a Doom Book. He’s no longer credited with (*) translating Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, but he did translate Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy into Anglo-Saxon. Famous for driving the Danes out of Wessex, this is, for 10 points, which English king with the epithet “the Great”?

ANSWER: Alfred the Great [or Alfred I; just Alfred is enough at the end]

5. A tract called “The Unfettered Mind” attempted to integrate this religion’s teachings with sword fighting. Adherents of it eat according to oryoki, part of the period of meditation known as sesshin. Several of its holy texts were compiled during the Song dynasty; these include the (*) Blue Cliff Record and the Gateless Gate. It includes the Rinzai and Soto sects, and traces its origins to an incident in which prajna was transferred onto Mahaksyapa, the Flower Sermon. Followers of this religion contemplate questions called koans, such as “What is the sound of one hand clapping?” For 10 points, name this sect of Buddhism popular in Japan.

ANSWER: Zen Buddhism (prompt on Buddhism)

6. One character in this novel receives a lot of heat for publishing an article about Oedipus, and this novel contains a “Dictionary of Misunderstood Words”. In a chapter of this novel called “The Grand March”, a group of activists come all the way up to the Cambodian border and then are sent home. Much of this novel derides and defines “kitsch”; the last part of this novel is named after the “smile” of a dying dog, (*) Karenin. One character in this novel has an encounter while wearing only a bowler hat; that character, Sabina, is the lover of Franz. For 10 points, name this novel in which Tomas is married to Tereza, a work by Milan Kundera.

ANSWER: The Unbearable Lightness of Being

7. This man passed the Land Restitution Act, which reversed the 1913 Natives Land Act. This leader went to court with Ismail Ayob, his former lawyer, for selling prints with his signature on it. With Oliver Tambo, this man led the 1952 Defiance Campaign, and in the 1960s, he was labeled as a terrorist for heading the (*) Spear of the Nation branch of the ANC. This man was sent to prison following the Rivonia Trial, and he spent time at Robben Island before being released by F.W. de Klerk, his predecessor in his most famous office. For 10 points, name this black South African president, instrumental in ending apartheid.

ANSWER: Nelson Mandela

8. In one painting, this action is performed by the central figure of Frederic Leighton’s Flaming June, and this action is performed by the rightmost boy in the foreground of Honore Daumier’s Third Class Carriage. A dog performs this action next to a lion in Albrecht Dürer’s (*) St. Jerome in His Study, and a horse peeks its head out of a curtain as an incubus sits on top of a woman engaged in this activity in a Henry Fuseli painting. It also takes place in a work in which a lion examines a woman next to a jug of water. For 10 points, identify this activity shown in The Nightmare, as well as in Henri Rousseau’s depiction of a gypsy engaged in it as she is reclining.

ANSWER: sleeping [prompt on answers like reclining and resting until there’s a clear demonstration of the fact that the figures mentioned in the tossup are in fact asleep or even just unconscious but not dead; grudgingly accept dreaming; grudgingly accept something like having a nightmare during the description of the Fuseli painting]

9. Polymerization techniques using these compounds include ATRP and RAFT. These compounds can be detected by NMR using a CIDNP or by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Persistent examples of these compounds include Fremy’s salt and the triphenylmethyl one which was discovered by Moses Gomberg. During polymerization, these compounds are created by the hemolytic cleavage of (*) bonds. The electron transport chain creates the superoxide one, and these compounds are neutralized by antioxidants. For 10 points, name these compounds that contain an unpaired electron.

Answer: Free Radicals

10. This leader’s wife fought at the Battles of Imbituba and Laguna, although he himself refused taking command in the Battle of Aspromonte. He led the Hunters of the Alps in winning the city of Trentino after the battle of Bezzecca. One of his campaigns led to the removal of Francis II; that campaign targeting Sicily was the (*) Expedition of the Thousand. This man, who led forces in the War of the Ragamuffins and the Uruguayan Civil War, took command of the Risorgimento after joining the Carbonari revolutionaries. For 10 points, name this leader of the Red Shirts who worked for Italian unification.

ANSWER: Giuseppe Garibaldi

11. This composer drew on Schubert for his Noble and Sentimental Waltzes, and he was commissioned by Jelly d’Aranyi for Tzigane. He dedicated his work Jeux d’eau, or Water Games, to Gabriel Fauré, and one of his works was written to be more difficult than Islamey. One of this composer’s ballets is based on a Longus tale, and he included such movements as “Scarbo” in his ultra-hard (*) Gaspard de la Nuit. This man, who composed the music for the ballet Daphnis and Chloé, also wrote a work that carries a repetitive ostinato rhythm on the snare drum throughout the piece, which depicts a Spanish dance. For 10 points, name this composer of Boléro.

ANSWER: Maurice Ravel

12. This man passed a law instituting the practice of storing imported goods in warehouses, pending payment of duties. He restored Van Buren’s independent subtreasuries in the Independent Treasury Act, in addition to passing the Walker Tariff. This man notably dispatched John Slidell to another country; that ultimately led to the largest U.S. (*) annexation since the Louisiana Purchase and Nicholas Trist’s negotiating of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. He used the slogan “fifty-four forty or fight” while negotiating the Oregon Treaty. For 10 points, identify this man, the U.S. president during the Mexan-American War.

ANSWER: James Knox Polk

13. The formation of hairpin-like structures can repress these objects in a process called attenuation. When bound to cAMP, the catabolite activator protein binds upstream of one of these objects to recruit RNA polymerase. Their activity is regulated by IPTG and can be monitored by the breakdown of X-gal. One of these objects produces permease, transacetylase, and (*) beta-galactosidase enzymes. First discovered in E. coli, these objects include a promoter site and regions of DNA that bind repressors or activators. For 10 points, identify these objects that regulate gene expression, famous examples of which include the “trp” and “lac” ones.

Answer: Operons

14. This man described the painting The Kermess in his poem “The Dance”, and he says, “Your thighs are appletrees” in his “Portrait of a Lady”. He described the growth of plants as “the stark dignity of entrance” in one work, and another work mentions “a splash quite unnoticed.” One speaker created by this author of “Spring and All” admits to having (*) “eaten the plums that were in the icebox.” This author wrote an epic poem about a New Jersey city in Paterson, and in a shorter work he notes that “so much depends” upon the title object. For 10 points, name this poet of “This is Just to Say” and “The Red Wheelbarrow”.

ANSWER: William Carlos Williams

15. The Filipino Tikbalangs and the Hindu Kinnaras are both analogs to these figures. These beings declined sour milk in favor of wine, and took the fort of Pholoe away for their own usage. While Heracles was being entertained by one of them named Pholus, he struck another one named Elatus on the arm and accidentally shot one of them in the knee. The wedding of (*) Peleus and Thetis occurred outside one of their homes, while at the wedding of Pirithous, one of them named Eurytion had his ears cut off by Theseus after attempting to rape Hippodamia. They engaged in a notable war with the Lapiths, and one of them named Chiron trained Achilles and Jason. For 10 points, name these figures from Greek mythology that were half man and half horse.

ANSWER: centaurs (prompt on horses, on the first line)

16. In May 2011, two police officers from this city, Kenneth Moreno and Franklin Mata, were acquitted of raping a drunk woman. After serving 95 days as the head of education in this city, controversial figure Cathie Black stepped down. Daisy Khan and her husband, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, defended the construction of (*) Park 51 in this city. A former councilman for this city was embroiled in a sexting scandal; that man was Anthony Weiner. This city’s Zuccotti Park was the site of the beginning of a movement which uses the slogan “We are the 99%.” For 10 points, identify this east coast city where the Occupy Wall Street movement began.

ANSWER: New York City [or NYC; accept New York, New York]

17. This character, who was born on “Lammas Eve at night”, has a cousin who says that he hates the word “peace”. This character says that, “Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake,” and earlier claims that marriage “is an honour I dream not of.” This woman repeats the word “Anon” to her (*) nurse, and after bidding her lover good night, this character states that “Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow.” This character is engaged to Paris, but falls in love with someone whose dead body causes her to stab herself. For 10 points, name this female member of the Capulets who falls in love with Romeo.

ANSWER: Juliet

18. The nth Lucas number is equal to the n minus oneth number of this type, plus the n plus oneth one of these. Taking the determinant of a matrix form of these numbers gives Cassini’s identity, and the sum of the first n of these is equal to the n plus second one of these, minus one. The ratio of their (*) subsequent terms approaches the golden ratio, and the sequence of these was initially used to describe the number of rabbits in a population. Their namesake sequence defines each term as the sum of the two previous ones. For 10 points, name these numbers found in a recursive sequence beginning 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5.

ANSWER: Fibonacci numbers [accept Fibonacci sequence]

19. One measure for this concept uses the DMM and SCOR systems; that system was developed by Murray and Morgan. Eyesenck indicated that too many elements were used in a system for this concept which utilized factor analysis; that system was developed by Raymond Cattell, who created a test for it which scores 16 (*) traits. The Thematic Appreciation Test and the Rorschach Test measure this concept, whose “big five” approach divides it into openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. For 10 points, identify this unique pattern of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

ANSWER: personality [prompt on Thematic Appreciation Test in the first sentence; accept things like personality traits or personality types]

20. This artist’s first building in Europe is the site of Claes Oldenburg’s Balancing Tools; that work was a collaboration between him and Günter Pfeifer. Another of his works was a collaboration with Vlado Milunić on the Nationale-Nederlanden building in Prague. In addition to designing the Vitra Design Museum and the (*) Dancing House, he had to modify one of his works because of the glare its concave steel structure caused. Another of his works has been compared to a smashed electric guitar. For 10 points, identify this architect of the Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Experience Music Project, who also designed the Guggenheim in Bilbao.

ANSWER: Frank Gehry

1. Name some stories by Edgar Allan Poe, for 10 points each:

[10] This story, set during the Spanish Inquisition, details the protagonist’s attempt to escape and deal with the title structures, which threaten him in captivity. The protagonist at one point schemes to get rats to cut through his ropes.

ANSWER: “The Pit and the Pendulum”

[10] Prospero sets up a ball to avoid the titular plague in this Poe work, which ends with that title character showing up anyway, leading to Prospero’s demise.

ANSWER: “The Masque of the Red Death”

[10] This work includes the poem “The Conqueror Worm”. In it, the title character dies but the protagonist’s second wife, Rowena, transforms into her.

ANSWER: “Ligeia”

2. Answer some stuff relating to a particular hip-hop song, for 10 points each:

[10] In one of this rapper’s songs, he states, “You know what it is / Everything I do, I do it big”; that is his “Black and Yellow”. He’s the founder of Taylor Gang Records, and other songs of his are “On My Level” and “Roll Up.”

ANSWER: Wiz Khalifa [or just Wiz; or Cameron Jibril Thomaz]

[10] The remix, or “G-Mix”, to “Black and Yellow” features Juicy J, T-Pain, and this other rapper, who also appears on Wiz Khalifa’s “Young, Wild and Free”. In the G-Mix, he calls himself the “big chiefah” and “grim reapah”.

ANSWER: Snoop Dogg [or just Snoop; or Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr.]

[10] This rapper performed a freestyle over “Black Yellow” called “Mike Tomlin”, in which he refers to himself as an “a cappella kind of fella”. He’s also responsible for the album Attention Deficit and The Mixtape About Nothing.

ANSWER: Wale [pronounced like “wah-lay”; accept Wale Victor Folarin]

3. Name some islands of Indonesia, for 10 points each:

[10] This most populous island in the world has its highest point at Mount Semeru. It contains Indonesia’s capital of Jakarta.

ANSWER: Java

[10] This is the largest island completely owned by Indonesia. It is separated from Java by the Sunda Strait, and the Barisan Moutains form its backbone.

ANSWER: Sumatra

[10] This island, also known as Celebes, has its largest city at Makassar. Along with Buton, this island is the only place having the two species of the anoa, or dwarf buffalo.

ANSWER: Sulawesi

4. All things except mistletoe promised harmlessness towards this god. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this husband of Nanna and son of Odin and Frigga. In his youth, he had nightmares indicating his future death.

ANSWER: Balder

[10] This blind brother of Balder was tricked by Loki into throwing a branch of mistletoe at Balder, inadvertently killing him.

ANSWER: Hodr

[10] This god of justice was the son of Balder and Nanna, and was left orphaned when they both died. He lived in the hall of Glitnir, where he resolved strife.

ANSWER: Forseti

5. Answer some questions relating to the Wittig reaction, for 10 points each:

[10] The Wittig reaction reacts an aldehyde or ketone with a phosphonium ylide to produce this type of compound. Its double bond can be reduced with H2/PDC. 

ANSWER: alkene

[10] Aldehydes and ketones are part of a general functional group called the carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is composed of a carbon atom double bonded to an atom of this element, with atomic number of 8 and symbolized O.

Answer: Oxygen

[10] The Wittig reaction produces the Z-alkene isomer. The Schlosser modification can be applied to yield another alkene isomer which is represented by this letter.

Answer: E-alkene

6. One of this man’s most famous works was adapted from his string quartet #11. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this composer of the opera Vanessa, who also wrote the very sad, tear-provoking Adagio for Strings.

ANSWER: Samuel Barber

[10] Another American composer is this man, who wrote Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.

ANSWER: Aaron Copland

[10] A more contemporary American composer is this minimalist, who used maracas in his work Four Organs but is better known for the World War II-themed Different Trains.

ANSWER: Steve Reich

7. Following this event, Robert Kennedy gave a speech in Indianapolis. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this event perpetrated by James Earl Ray, which occurred at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis.

ANSWER: the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (accept equivalents)

[10] This King speech, which ends stating that his people shall be “free at last”, was given during the March on Washington.

ANSWER: “I Have a Dream”

[10] King organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott while serving as pastor at this church.

ANSWER: Dexter Avenue Baptist Church

8. These features of the earth include the Pacific one, which is encircled by active margins. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this type of body of water, whose different versions cover roughly 70% of Earth’s surface. Examples include the Atlantic and the Indian.

ANSWER: oceans

[10] These types of features are prominent in the Atlantic Ocean. They are the flattest of all of Earth’s surface areas, and turbidity currents deposit the sediments of which they are composed.

ANSWER: abyssal plains [prompt on partial; do not accept abyssal hill]

[10] Often formed from extinct volcanoes, these underwater features are mountain peaks typically found in clusters or rows. They are most commonly found in the Pacific Ocean, and flat ones are called guyots [GEE-oh, not JEE-oh].

ANSWER: seamounts

9. One character in this novel owns a teddy bear named Aloysius. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this novel in which Charles Ryder befriends Sebastian Flyte, who takes him to the estate after which this novel is named.

ANSWER: Brideshead Revisited

[10] Brideshead Revisisted is a work by this author of A Handful of Dust and Scoop.

ANSWER: Evelyn Waugh

[10] This sister of Sebastian Flyte has a brief affair with Charles Ryder after marrying the American Rex Mottram.

ANSWER: Julia Flyte

10. One title concept of this work is said to create cellular, organic, genetic, and combinatory individuality. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this work of philosophy by Michael Foucault. One of the most important discussions in this work pertains to Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon. It discusses the title concepts in relation to institutions such as schools.

ANSWER: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

[10] In this other Foucault work, subtitled “The Archaeology of Medical Perception”, he discusses the extrication of the patient’s identity from his or her body, a concept called “medical gaze”.

ANSWER: The Birth of the Clinic: The Archaeology of Medical Perception

[10] This French existentialist criticized Foucault’s The Order of Things. He used a waiter as an example of “bad faith”, and wrote Being and Nothingness. He included the phrase “hell is other people” in his play No Exit.

ANSWER Jean-Paul Sartre

11. This effect accounts for the high incidence of Huntington’s disease among Afrikaaners. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this effect in which a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and thus establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population.

ANSWER: Founder Effect [prompt on genetic drift]

[10] This other effect occurs when a sudden change in the environment such as a fire or flood drastically reduces the size of a population so that the resulting gene pool is not representative of the original population.

ANSWER: Bottleneck Effect

[10] Ecological succession typically follows one type of this event, which occurs in “wild” and “forest” varieties in areas with combustible vegetation. A series of these took place in 2010 in California. They are pretty hot.

ANSWER: wildfire [accept any reasonable alternative that mentions fire]

12. One poem addressed to this figure, “Dawn”, begins, “You were the be-all in my destiny”. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this character from a Russian novel who becomes engaged to Pasha Antipov but falls in love with Yuri Zhivago.

ANSWER: Lara (or Larissa Guishar)

[10] Doctor Zhivago is a novel by this author of the poetry collection My Sister Life.

ANSWER: Boris Pasternak

[10] Pasha Antipov, Lara’s husband, takes this name as the leader of the Red Army.

ANSWER: General Strelnikov

13. Answer the following about the Parables of Jesus, for 10 points each:

[10] This character, appearing only in the Gospel of Luke, squanders his father’s inheritance but is welcomed back by a large ceremony when he returns home, which, understandably, ticks off his older brother.

ANSWER: The Prodigal Son (or Lost Son)

[10] The title character of this parable throws seeds on rocky ground, on thorns, and on good ground. The resulting growth of the seeds represents the flowering of the word of God in the hearts of man.

ANSWER: The Parable of the Sower

[10] In Matthew 13, the kingdom of heaven is compared to one of these objects. In the parable, a merchant sells all his possession to purchase this kind of object “of great price”.

ANSWER: pearl of great price

14. Arias in this opera include “Pari Siamo” and “Questo o quella.” For 10 points each:

[10] First, identify this opera about a hunchbacked jester. The title character’s daughter is Gilda, and he hires Sparafucile to kill the Duke of Mantua.

ANSWER: Rigoletto

[10] Rigoletto is an opera by this Italian composer. His other works include Aida and La Traviata.

ANSWER: Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi

[10] This Verdi opera ends with Leonora being stabbed by her brother, Carlo, shortly after she sings “Pace, pace mio Dio!” Her lover, Alvaro, is, of course, quite saddened by this.

ANSWER: La Forza del Destino [or The Force of Destiny]

15. This man instituted several Five-Year Plans. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Soviet leader who succeeded Lenin and led the Soviets through World War II.

ANSWER: Joseph Stalin

[10] Stalin’s successor, Nikita Khrushchev, denounced him in this report that attacked his purges of the army.

ANSWER: Secret Speech (or On the Personality Cult and its Consequences)

[10] This sucessor to Khrushchev governed the Soviet Republic during the Era of Stagnation and signed the SALT treaties with Gerald Ford.

ANSWER: Leonid Brezhnev

16. Mohammed Abdel Latif fired eight shots at this leader during a speech in Alexandria, but all eight missed. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this leader whose one-party system was called the Liberation Rally. He joined with Muhammad Naguib to form the Free Officers Movement and overthrow Farouk I, and established the United Arab Republic.

ANSWER: Gamal Abdel Nasser

[10] Nasser led this country after a coup in 1952. Another leader from here, Anwar Sadat, who signed the Camp David Accords with Menachem Begin, was known as “Major Yes-Yes”, for complying with Nasser.

ANSWER: Egypt

[10] For several decades, the Free Officers Movement was affiliated with this other revolutionary alternative to the khedival regime. It was founded by Hasan al-Banna, and pushed for reforms like trade unions and land reform.

ANSWER: Muslim Brotherhood [prompt on partial; accept things that sound something like Al-Jaami’ Al-Ikhwaanil Muslimeen]

17. This artist’s Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting utilizes the function of chiaroscuro. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this painter who showed Judith holding up her hand to a candle in a 17th century depiction of Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes.

ANSWER: Artemisia Gentileschi

[10] Artemisia Gentileschi was greatly influenced by this Italian Baroque painter, who’s pretty famous for his Supper at Emmaus and The Cardsharps. One of his followers is Gerrit van Honthorst.

ANSWER: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio [accept either underlined part]

[10] Another famous Caravaggio work is this one located in the Contarelli Chapel. It depicts Jesus summoning the title tax collector and is located adjacent to paintings of that title figure and “the angel,” as well as his “martyrdom”.

ANSWER: The Calling of Saint Matthew

18. Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig independently created a model for them. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify these constituents of hadrons. They come in up, down, and strange varieties, and their various varieties are called flavors.

ANSWER: quarks

[10] Because quarks have a spin of one-half, all quarks are this type of particle, named for an Italian physicist. These particles obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

ANSWER: fermions

[10] Evidence for the presence of the charmed quark’s existence came about with the discovery of this heavy meson. It was discovered by Burton Richter at the SLAC and Samuel Ting at the BNL.

ANSWER: J/psi particle [that’s said like “jay-sigh”]

19. One character in this novel failed to escape from the Buddha’s palm, and is subsequently trapped in a mountain. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work in which Sun Wukong, alongside Sandy and Pigsy, makes the titular voyage.

ANSWER: Journey to the West

[10] Journey to the West is a work written by an author from this country, whose more recent writers include Lu Xun.

ANSWER: China

[10] The exiled Chinese writer Gao Xingjian wrote this novel about a man who tries to travel to the titular feature in Lichang, changing his outlook on life along the way.

ANSWER: Soul Mountain

20. Answer the following questions about an ancient battle, for 10 points each:

[10] Name this 490 BCE battle in which the Athenians, led by Miltiades, repelled the Persian invasion of Darius I. This battle was held up for a bit because the Spartans were celebrating a week of peace that prevented their arrival.

ANSWER: Battle of Marathon

[10] The modern-day marathon takes its name from the battle because of the exploits of this runner, who ran all the way to Sparta to ask for aid.

ANSWER: Pheidippides

[10] The Persian Wars began because Athens and several other Greek cities supported the revolts in Asia Minor named after this region, which, along with other regions, including Dorus and Caria, was unsatisfied with its tyrants.

ANSWER: Ionian Revolt

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