Microsoft PowerPoint - Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology - Coble
What is EcologyECOLOGY is the _________________________________________________________ __________________________________.The BiosphereThe BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that _________________________________Extends from highest mountain to the bottom of the oceansAirLandFresh/Salt WaterAbiotic and Biotic FactorsThe ______________ parts of an organism’s environment are called ABIOTIC FACTORSAir currents, Temperature, Water, Sunlight, SoilAll ____________ organisms that inhabit an environment are called BIOTIC FACTORSLevels of Organization In Ecology________________ – a single individual________________ – a group of the same species in the same place at the same time________________ – all living things; interacting populations________________ – all biotic and abiotic factors________________ – The portion of Earth that supports lifeTwo Types of Ecosystems__________________ – located on landForest, Desert, Rotting Log, Mountain _______________ – Located in fresh or salt waterOcean, Lake, River, PondHabitatA HABITAT is the place ______________________________ its lifeForest, bottom of the ocean, desert, coral reefCompetitionWhen several species ___________________________ ________________________, COMPETITION may resultUsing different resources leads to reduced competitionNicheA NICHE is an organism’s role in its environment; _________________________What it eats, how it eats, where it lives, etc. Most of the time different species occupy different niches (_______________________)When two species have the exact same niche, competition will eventually force one species to either _________________________________________Survival Relationships______________________ hunt and eat other organismsThe animals predators eat are called ______________________SymbiosisSYMBIOSIS is a ________________________ between organisms of different speciesSYM = together; BIOSIS = living3 types of symbiosis:____________________________________________________________Mutualism (+,+)A symbiotic relationship between two species where _________________________ (+,+)E.g. Bees and Flowers. Bees benefit by using nectar from flowers for food and honey; flowers benefit because bees carry pollen from flower to flower to help the flowers reproduce (pollination)Commensalism (+,0)A symbiotic relationship between two species where _____________________________ ________________________________________ (+,0)E.g. The remora, a small sucker fish, attaches to a shark and rides along with the shark.The remora gets protection from predators and scraps of food that the shark doesn’t eat; the shark is unaffected by the remora.Parasitism (+,-)A symbiotic relationship where ____________________________________________;The organism that is being harmed is called the HOST; the parasite ______________ ___________________________ because the parasite relies on the host for survivalE.g. Tick sucking the blood of a dog ................
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