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f.ngh.j. (cauj; uk); ,urhadtpay;

nraK; iw topfhlb;

(2012 Mk; Mzb; ypUeJ ; eilKiwgg; Ljj; gg; lTss ; J)

tpQ;Qhdj; Jiw tpQ;Qhd njhopDl;g gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; k`ufk

gupNrhjid ,yf;fk;: 01

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1.1

fNjhlL; f; fjpuf; spd; ,ayG; fis ,dkf; hzy; (Mrpupau; nraJ ; fhll; y);

cjN; jr fww; y; NgWfs:; 1. fNjhlL; f; fjpuf; F; ohia nrawg; LjJ; tjwF; Njitahd kpdR; ww; pd; $Wfis ,dq;fhz;gu;. 2. fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;fspd; ,ay;Gfis mtjhdpg;gu;.

Njitahd nghUs;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk;: ? fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;f;Foha; ? J}z;lw; RUs; ? 6 V (cNthy;w;W) NeNuhl;l kpd;Kjy; ( mJ kiwj; jflhFkhW cU 1(b)-(vi) Nghdw; Rwi; w mikff; . mgN; ghJ Rww; pD}lhf kpdN; dhll; ji; jr; nrYjj; p FohapDs; vdd; epfoe; j; d vdg; ij mtjhdpff; . gpdG; Rww; pD}lhf kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;tij epWj;Jf. Kd;G fNjhl;Lf; Foha;f;F NkNy itf;fg;gl;bUe;j nrg;Gj;jhis fNjhl;Lf; Foha;f;Ff; fPNo itj;J kPz;Lk; Rwi; w mikff; . Rww; pD}lhf kpdN; dhll; ji; jr; nrYjj; p FohapDs; epfot; d tw;iw mtjhdpf;f.

3

gupNrhjid IV: ? gupNrhjid cU 1(a)-(iii) ,y; gad;gLj;jpa fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;f; Fohia ,g;gupNrhjidf;F gad;gLj;Jf. ,q;F fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;f; Foha; fhe;jg;Gy nkhd;Wf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;. cU 1(a)-(iv) ,y; myy; J cU 1(a)-(v) ,y; fhll; gg; lL; ss; thW Rwi; w mikjJ; cU 1(a)-(iii) ,y; fhlb; Ass; fNjhlL; f; fjpu;f; Fohia ,r;Rw;Wf;F ,izf;f. Rw;wpd; Clhf kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijr; nrYj;jp fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;f; FohapDs; vd;d epfo;fpd;wJ vd mtjhdpf;f.

? FohapDs; cs;s ehfry;igl;L (rpq; ry;igl;L) g+rg;gl;l jpiuf;Fr; nrqF; jj; hf fhej; jj; pd; njdK; idit Fohaf; F; mUNf mirff; . fNjhlL; f; fjpu;fspd; jpirapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;ij mtjhdpf;f.

Fwpg;G: ? NkNy cs;s gupNrhjidfspd; mtjhdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;fspd; ,ay;Gfis tpgupf;Ff.

gupNrhjid ,yf;fk;: 02

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1.2

kpd;fhe;j jpUrpaj;jpd; fl;Gy tPr;rpd; $Wfis mtjhdpj;jy;

cjN; jr fww; y; NgWfs:;

1. nghUj;jkhd fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fhe;jj; jpUrpaj;jpd; fl;GydhFk; tPr;ir mtjhdpj;J mjd; jd;ikiag; gjpT nra;tu;.

Njitahd nghUs;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk;: ? fz;zhb mupak; ? nts;nshspf;fw;iw Kjy; ? jpiu

mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

? mupaji; jg; gadg; Ljj; p ntsn; shspff; wi; wnahdw; pidg; gpupifailar; nraJ; jpUrpaj;ijj; jpiuapd; kPJ ngWf. epwq;fs; vt;thW gpupifailfpd;wd vd;gij khztu;fis mtjhdpf;fr; nra;f.

4

gupNrhjid ,yf;fk;: 03

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 2.2

khjpupAUf;fis gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; %yf$ ; wW; tbtqf; is ,dk; fhzy.;

cjN; jr fww; y; NgWfs:;

1. %yf;$WfspdJk; mad; $l;lq;fspdJk; khjpupfspd; gpizg;Gf;fisAk;> mZff; s; Kgg; upkhz ntspapy; Xu; Fwpjj; tpjjj; py; xOqf; hff; pf; nfhsS ; k; tpjj;ijAk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tu;.

2. %yf$; wW; khjpupAUff; is cUthfF; tjd; %yk; jpwdf; is ntspff; hlL; tu.;

Njitahd nghUs;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk;:

? mZ khjpupAU Kit ? mZ khjpupAUff; is cUthfF; tjwF; nghUjj; khd (Njue; n; jLff; f$; ba)

nghUlf; s; (vYkprr; k; gok>; ; gY}d);

mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

? 2012 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; tpgupf;fg;gl;l> kPs;guprPypf;fg;gl;l Mrpupau; topfhl;b ifeE; }ypy; gff; ,y. 23> 24 ,y; toqf; pAss; vspa %yf$; wW; > madf; spd; $l;lq;fis Kd;itf;f.

? Ma;Trhiyapy; ,Uf;ff;$ba mZkhjpupAU Kit I my;yJ VjhtJ NtW nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp> NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s cjhuzq;fspw;Fupa %yf;$WfspdJk;> mad;$l;lq;fspdJk; khjpupAUf; fl;likg;Gf;fis cUthf;fpf; fhl;rpg;gLj;JkhW khztu;fis mwpTWj;Jf.

fye;Jiuahly;:

? jahupff; gg; lL; ss; khjpupf; fll; ikgG; ff; SfF; k; czi; kf; fll; ikgG; ff; SfF; k; ,ilapYs;s xw;WikfisAk;> Ntw;WikfisAk; fye;JiuahLf.

? khjpupAUf; fl;likg;ig cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; 100% cz;ikahd fl;likg;igf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; fbdk; vd;gijf; fhl;Lf.

5

gupNrhjid ,yf;fk;: 04

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 3.2

Ba2+(aq) ,idg; gad;gLj;jp SO42-(aq) fiurypd; nrwptpidj; Jzpjy;

vz;zf;fU: ryN; gwW; mad; euP f; f; iury; Ngupak; maDld; ,izeJ; euP py;

(Concept)

fiuahj BaSO4 toP g; btpid cUthfF; k.;

Ba

2+

(aq)

+

SO

21

4

(aq)

1

BaSO4 (s)

rhjhuz miw ntgg; epiyapy; Ngupak; ryN; gww; pd; fiujpwd; 3 mgdm-3 MFk.; vdpDk; mkpy Clfj;jpy; Ngupak; ry;Ngw;wpd; fiujpwd; fUjf;$basT (Considerably) cau;thFk;.

BaSO4 (s) + H+ (aq) 1 Ba 2+ (aq) + HSO41 (aq)

c+k:;

2 mol dm-3 HCl fiurypy; BaSO4 ,d; fiujpwd; mzz ; sthf (approximately) 100 mgdm-3 MFk.;

vt;thwhapDk; Ngupak; maDld; ngh];Ngw;W mad;> fhgNdw;W mad;> FNuhNkw;W mad; vdg; dtww; pd; toP g; bthjiyj; jLgg; jwf; hf gupNrhjid Ijhd mkpy (acidic conditions) epgej; idfspy; elhjj; gg; Lk.; Ngupak; ryN; gww; pd; fiujpwidf; Fiwgg; jwf; hf Ngupak; madpd; nrwpT cau; kll; jj; py; Ngzgg; Lk.;

? tdd; kpy Clfjj; py; gupNrhjid eljj; gg; bd; mjpfsT ngupa Jzpfi; ffs; toP g; btjhy; tbjj; ypdhy; Vwg; lf$; ba tz P ; tpuaji; jf; FiwjJ; f; nfhss; KbAk.; ,jwf; hf 0.05 mol dm-3 HCl fiury; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. BaSO4 cld; Ba3(PO4)2 , BaCO3 Nghd;wd tPo;gbthjiyf; Fiwg;gjw;F gupNrhjid #lhd epiyapy; elhj;jg;gLk;.

mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

?

mz;zsthf

4g ryN; gwW;

mad;

(SO 2-) 4

1

fd

nlrpkwP w; u;

(dm3) fiurypy;

css; thW [SO42-(aq)] = 4gdm3 (SO42-) ry;Ngw;W mad; fiuriyj; jahupf;f.

? NkNy jahupjj; fiurypypUeJ; jpUjj; khf 50.00 cm3 fiuriy Fohap %yk;

KfitapDs; vLf;f.

? ,ff; iurypwF; s; 0.5 cm3 nrwp HCl fiuriyr; Nruf; f; .

? ,ff; iurypd; fdtsT 250 cm3 MFkhW fhar; r; p tbjj; euP ; Nruj; J; IjhfF; f.

? fiuriyf; nfhjpf;f mz;kpf;Fk; tiu #lhf;Ff. Mdhy; fiuriyf; nfhjpf;f tplf;$lhJ.

? ,ff; iurypwF; s; 5% BaCl2 fiuriy (Muk;gj;jpy; jahupj;j) Fohap %yk; 3 JspjJ; spahfr; Nruj; J; fiuriy edF; FYfF; f.

? BaCl2 fiuriy xNu jlitapy; myy; J tpiuthfr; Nruf; f; f$; lhJ. ,tt; hW Nrug; g; jdhy; ngwgg; Lk; toP g; bTg; gspqF; fs; kpfTk; Ezz ; pajhy; tbflL; jy;

fbdkhdjhFk;.

6

? cUthd BaSO4 tPo;gbT Kfitapd; mbapy; gbtjw;F 5 epkplq;fs; tiu tpLf.

? NkYss; njspthd fiurypwF; s; BaCl2 fiuriy JspjJ; spahff; ftdkhfr; Nru;g;gjd; %yk; BaSO tPo;gbT NkYk; cz;lhfpd;wjh vdg; gupNrhjpf;f.

4

? mt;thW tPo;gbT cUthFkhapd; NkYk; 3 cm3 BaCl2 fiuriyr; Nruj; J; kPz;Lk; gupNrhjpf;f.

? BaSO4 tPo;gbT Njhd;whj tiu epwkw;w fiurypw;Fs; BaCl2 fiuriyr; Nru;f;f.

?

tPo;gbthf;fk; Kw;Wg; ngw;wjd; gpd;G NkYk; 2 cm3 BaCl fiuriyr; Nruj; J; 2

Nkyjpf Ba2+ nrwpit fiurypy; Ngzpf; nfhs;f.

? Kfitia fbfhuf; fzz ; hbapdhy; %b fiury; nfhjpff; hjthW 30 epkplq; fspw;F fiuriyr; #lhf;Ff.

? toP g; bT gba tplgg; lL; NkNyAss; njspthdjha; fiurypwF; toP g; btpwf; hd gupNrhjidia kPz;Lk; nra;f.

? kPz;Lk; tPo;gbT Njhd;whjpUf;Fkhapd; fiury; tbg;gjw;F jahu; epiyapy; cs;sjhFk;.

? J}a cyu; tbjhspd; jpzpit msf;f.

? ,t;tbjhisg; gad;gLj;jp tPo;gbit tbj;J Ntwhf;Ff.

? KfitapYs;s tbjputj;ij mfw;wp> Kfitia ed;F fOtp> Gdypd; fPo; ,k;Kfitia itf;f.

? tPo;gbit 2-5 cm3 #lhd ePupdhy; fOtp ngwg;gl;l tbjputj;jpw;F xU Jsp AgNO3 fiuriyr; Nruj; J; FNshiulL; madpwf; hd Nrhjidiar; nraf; .

? tbjputj;jpy; Cl- fhzg;gbd; tbjputj;ij mfw;wp Kfitia ed;F fOtp NkYss; thW toP g; bitr; #lhd euP pdhy; fOTf. tbjputjj; py; Cl- ,yy; hjtiu tPo;gbit kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; fOTf.

? fOTjy; Kw;Wg; ngw;wJk; tPo;gbTld; $ba tbjhis ftdkhf vLj;J 105 0C ,y; css; fdy; mLgg; py; (oven) itf;f.

? khwhj; jpzpT ngwg;gLk; tiu tPo;gbit ntg;gNkw;Wf.

? ngwg;gl;l khwhj; jpzpit gjpT nra;f.

? ngwgg; ll; BaSO4 ,d; jpzptpd; mbgg; ilapy; fiurypYss; SO42-,d; nrwpitj; Jzpf.

fiury;fs;:

(1) nrwpej; HCl mkpyk; (fpl;lj;jl;l 0.5 cm3) (2) 5% BaCl2 fiury; (fpl;lj;jl;l 100 cm3) (3) AgNO3 fiury; (fpl;lj;jl;l 10 cm3) (4) 6 g dm-3 Na2SO4 fiury; (fpl;lj;jl;l 100 cm3)

7

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