G.C.E. (A/L) Chemistry Practical Handbook 2018

[Pages:148]G.C.E. (A/L) Chemistry Practical Handbook 2018

Department of Science Faculty of Science and Technology

National Institute of Education nie.lk i

G.C.E. (A/L) Chemistry Practical Handbook 2018

? National Institute of Education ISBN

Department of Science Faculty of Science and Technology National Institute of Education nie.lk

ii

Message from the Director General

The primary objective of this rationalized new curriculum is to transform the student population into a human resource replete with the skills and competencies required for the world of work, through embarking upon a pattern of education which is more student centered and activity based.

Within this rationalization process, the concepts of vertical and horizontal integration have been employed in order to build up competencies of students, from the foundation level to higher levels, and to avoid repetition of subject content in various subjects respectively and furthermore, to develop a curriculum that is implementable and student friendly.

Practical work is part and parcel of the teaching and learning in science. Most practitioners would agree that good- quality practical work can engage students, help them to develop important skills, and to understand scientific concepts and the process of scientific investigation.

The new Practical Handbook has been introduced with the aim of providing the teachers with necessary guidance for planning practical activities, engaging students effectively in the teaching learning process and to promote students' practical skills in the discipline of chemistry.

I wish to make use of this opportunity to thank and express my appreciation to the members of the Council and the Academic Affairs Board of the NIE, the resource persons who contributed to compile this Practical Handbook and other parties for their dedication in this matter.

Dr. (Mrs.) T. A. R. J. Gunasekara Director General National Institute of Education

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Message from the Director

is handbook has been developed to support you in advancing your students to fluency in science. We have worked with teachers, university lecturers and curriculum experts to produce this handbook. e activities presented in this Practical Handbook satisfy curriculum objectives in the areas of Chemistry. Pre-lab and post-lab questions have been given together with each practical schedule focusing on students' prior knowledge and applications of the particular activity respectively. ere are three interconnected, but separate, reasons for doing practical work in a course of study. ey are:

1. To support and consolidate scientific concepts (knowledge and understanding). is is done by applying and developing what is known and understood of abstract ideas and models. rough practical work we are able to make sense of new information and observations, and provide insights into the development of scientific thinking.

2. To develop investigative skills. ese transferable skills include devising and investigating testable questions, identifying and controlling variables, and analyzing, interpreting and evaluating data.

3. To build and master practical skills. Such skills include using specialist equipment to take measurements, handling and manipulating equipment with confidence and fluency, recognizing hazards and planning how to minimize risk.

By focusing on the aforesaid reasons for carrying out a particular practical work, I hope, teachers will help their students to understand the subject better, to develop the skills of a scientist and to master the manipulative skills required for further study or jobs in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) subjects In order to make practical work effective, the laboratory should be made a place of learning by doing. Guideline should be laid down by the teacher about the laboratory rules such as the following-

? Work area must be cleared. ? Strict attention should be paid to own work. ? Reagent stoppers should not be le on counter tops. ? Wastage of water, gas, electricity should be strictly avoided. ? Directions should be read and followed very carefully. ? Teachers should allow the student's entry in lab in his/her presence. ? Only those experiments should be done which are recommended by the teacher-incharge. I take this opportunity to thank university lecturers, teachers, and the other resource persons who contributed to make this effort a success. Finally, I wish practicing chemistry teachers all the success in their effort to empower our young generation to be successful as members of information-rich as well as technologically advanced societies.

Dr. A.D. Asoka De Silva

Director Science National Institute of Education

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Consultancy Dr.(Mrs.) T. A. R. J. Gunasekara

Director General National Institute of Education

Supervision

Dr. A. D. Asoka De Silva Director, Department of Science National Institute of Education

Subject Leadership

Mrs. G. G. P. S. Perera Assistant Lecturer, Department of Science

National Institute of Education

Internal Editorial Panel Mr. L .K. Waduge, Senior Lecturer Mr. V. Rajudevan, Assistant Lecturer Mrs. M.S. Wickramasinghe, Assistant Lecturer

Curriculum Committee Members

Dr. A. D. Asoka De Silva

- Director, Department of Science, NIE

Mrs. G. G. P. S. Perera

- Assistant. Lecturer ? Dept. of Science, NIE

Prof. S. P. Deraniyagalle

- University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

Prof. M. D. P. Costa

- University of Colombo

Prof. K. B. Gunaherath

- Open University of Sri Lanka

Prof. H. M. D. N. Priyantha - University of Peradeniya

Prof. W. D. W. Jayathilaka - University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

Mr. K. D. Bandula Kumara - Deputy Commissioner,

Education Publication Department- MOE

Mrs. Muditha Athukorala - Senior Teacher,

Prajapathi BalikaVidyalaya, Horana.

Writing panel

Dr. W. M. A. T. Bandara

- University of Peradeniya

Dr. M. N. Kaumal

- University of Colombo

Dr. Dakshika Wanniarachchi - University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

External Editorial Panel

Prof. S. P. Deraniyagalle

- University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

Prof. Ajith Abeysekara

- University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

Prof. M. D. P. Costa

- University of Colombo

Prof. K. B. Gunaherath

- Open University of Sri Lanka

Prof. Sudantha Liyanage

- University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

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Dr. M. A. B. Prasantha

- University of Sri Jayewardhenepura

Mr. K. D. Bandula Kumara - Deputy Commissioner,

Education Publication Department

Mrs. Muditha Athukorala - Teacher, Prajapathi Balika Vidyalaya,

Horana

Mrs. C. Dias Wijegunasinghe - Teacher, VisakaVidyalaya, Colombo

Mrs. V. K. W. D Salika Madavi - Teacher, Muslim Ladies College - Colombo

Mrs. H. M. D. D. Deepika Manike- Teacher, Viharamhadevi Balika

Vidyalaya , Kiribathgoda.

Mrs. Deepika Nethsinghe - Teacher, Ladies College, Colombo

Mr. S. illainathan

- Teacher, Hindu Ladies College ,Colombo

Miss. S. Veluppillai

- Principal, Hindu Ladies College, Colombo

Mrs. M. irunavukarasu - Retired Teacher, Hindu Ladies College, Colombo

Mrs. S. Rajadurai

- Retired Teacher, St. Peters' College, Colombo

Language Editing

- Mr. M. A. P. Munasinghe Former Chief Project Officer, NIE

Cover page & Type setting - Mrs. R. R. K. Pathirana, Technical Assitant, NIE

Supporting Staff

- Mrs. Padma Weerawardana, NIE - Mr. Mangala Welipitiya, NIE - Mr. Ranjith Dayawansa, NIE

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Contents

Message from the Director General

...

iii

Message from the Director

...

iv

Team of Resource Persons

...

v

Introudction

01

Experiment No Unit

01

01 Demonstrating properties of cathode rays ...

10

02

02 Displaying the shapes of molecules and ions by using models 15

03

03 Handling glassware and four beam balance

17

04

03 Preparation of standard solutions

21

05

04 Experimental determination of the molar volume of a gas 23

06

04 Experimental determination of relative atomic mass of

magnesium using molar volume of hydrogen gas

27

07

05 Experimental determination of the enthalpy of acid/

base neutralization

31

(NaOH and HCl, KOH and HNO , NaOH and CH COOH, NH OH

3

3

4

and HCl)

08

05 Validation of Hess law through experiments

35

09

06 Comparison of the reactions of s block metals with air,

water, and acids

42

10

06 Identification of elements in compounds by the flame test

(Li, Na, K, Ca, Ba, Sr)

44

11

06 Identification of anions (halides, SO 2-, SO 2-, S O 2-, S2-,

4

3 23

CO 2-, NO -)

46

3

3

12

06 Showing the presence of nitrogen in air by experiment

49

13

06 Identification of halides

51

14

06 Standardization of a solution of thiosulphate ions using

KIO and KI

54

3

15

06 Identification of ammonia gas and ammonium salts

57

16

06 Testing solubility of salts of s block elements

59

17

06 Testing thermal stability of nitrates, and carbonates of s block

elements

61

18

06 Identification of the colours of complex ions in aqueous medium63

19

06 Determination of the concentration of a ferrous ion solution using

acidified potassium permanganate

65

20

06 Determination of the concentration of a KMnO solution

4

using acidified standard K C O solution.

67

22 4

21

06 Observing the colours of the complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and

Co(II) salts with hydrochloric acid and ammonia solutions 69

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22

06 Experimental observations of different oxidation states

(+2,+4,+6,+7)of manganese containing compounds

using redox reactions

71

23

06 Tests to identify Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ ions using

NaOH and NH

73

3

24

08 Observation of reactions and properties of alkenes and alkynes

- Observing reactions of alkenes and alkynes with alkaline KMnO 4 and bromine water.

- Observing reactions of terminal alkynes with ammonical silver

nitrate and ammonical cuprous chloride.

75

25

09 Examination of the properties of alcohols

80

26

09 Examination of the properties of phenol

81

27

09 Tests for aldehydes and ketones

83

28

09 Examination of the the properties of carboxylic acids

86

29

10 Tests for aniline

88

30

11 Experimental determination of the effect of acid concentration

on the reaction rate of the between Mg and acids

90

31

11 Experimental determination of the effect of concentration

on the reaction rate of the between Na2S2O3 and HNO3

95

32

11 Experimental determination of the order of reaction with

respect to Fe3+ for the reaction between Fe3+ and I-

98

33 12 Experimental study of the characteristics of a dynamic

equilibrium system using Fe3+ and SCN- system

102

34

12 Experimental study of the effect of temperature on the

equilibrium system of NO2 and N2O4

105

35

12 Experimental determination of the acidic/basic/neutral

nature of aqueous solutions of salts by testing pH

109

36

12 Titration between Na2CO3 and HCl using phenolphthalein

and methyl orange

111

37

12 Experimental determination of the solubility product

of Ca(OH)2

114

38

12 Experimental determination of the distribution coefficient

of ethanoic acid between water and 2 -butanol

117

39

13 Experimental determination of the relative position of

commonly available metals in the electrochemical series.

120

40

13 Preparation of standard Ag(s),AgCl(s)|Cl-(aq) electrode.

122

41

14 Preparation of a soap sample in the laboratory

126

42

13 Extracting essential oil by steam distillation

130

43

13 Preparation of biodiesel

133

44

13 Determination of the percentage of acetic acid in vinegar

135

45

13 Determination of dissolved oxygen level in water by

Winkler method

138

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