Study Guide Final Exam
Pope John Paul II High School
Study Guide Second Semester Exam
Sophomore English
Vocabulary:
• Study Definitions, Synonyms, and Parts of Speech for words in Units 10-12.
• Use returned tests to help you study.
• Use and to help you study.
o Focus on definitions you missed on your test.
• Create Flash Cards on Quizlet.
Literary Terms/ Devices: Know definitions for the following from Oedipus the King: Refer to text pages 460 -461 and 468.
• tragedy aside parados
• irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)
• drama comedy oracle strophe
• dialogue tragic hero tragic flaw antistrophe
• stage directions soliloquy prologue
Literary Terms/ Devices from Dante’s Inferno: Refer to text pages 656 -657; 672, 674, 691
• allegory imagery paradisio
• Canto purgatorio characterization (direct/indirect)
• terza rima inferno allusion
• Create Flash cards for these terms on Quizlet.
Grammar for Writing:
• Revising, Proofreading/Editing in Essays
o Revising and Editing questions will include the following:
▪ Addition of words and phrases
• Prepositional phrases
• Participles and Participial phrases
• Gerunds and Gerund phrases
• Infinitives and Infinitive phrases
▪ Subject/Verb Agreement - focus on indefinite pronouns
▪ Correct Verb Tense
▪ Order of sentences and/or paragraphs
▪ Correct Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement
▪ Appositives / Appositive Phrases
▪ Correct Use of First, Second, Third Person Point of View
▪ Parallel Structure
Literature:
• Oedipus the King - Text pages 460 – 526
o Review all online resources
o Review the play
o Know the Characters
o Review all tests and handouts
• The Kite Runner – Make sure you have read the entire book
o Refer to handouts that include vocabulary, plot summaries and quotations (handouts were distributed to you and are still posted on my website under Literature Circles).
o Review all Study Guides and Summaries as well as the character list that can be found under Literature Circles on my website: mrs-
• Dante’s Inferno: Cantos I, III, V, and XXXIV – Text pages 656 - 692
o Review all online resources – powerpoints, videos, notes, handouts
o Review the name of all characters and their relationship to other characters
o Review all returned tests
o Review all handouts
o Create Flashcards for yourself on by setting up a free account.
o Review notes posted on mrs- under the heading Literature.
o Review all of the Cantos.
Grammar:
• Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases – Grammar for Writing Book pages 137 – 138
o The bird on the stamp is a scarlet tanager.
• Participles and Participial Phrases:
o A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective modifying a noun or pronoun.
▪ There are two kinds of participles: present (-ing ending), and past (-ed ending)
▪ The past participles of irregular verbs have different endings: written, known, run, seen, etc.
o Participle: We listened to the speaker’s opening remarks.
o Participial Phrase: An article published recently by Julia Reed says that the military look is always in fashion.
• Gerunds and Gerund Phrases – text pages 143 – 144
o A Gerund is a verb form that ends in –ing and acts as a noun, and it can be used as a subject, direct object, object of a preposition, and a predicate noun.
▪ Jogging is Matt’s favorite exercise. (subject)
▪ The magazine article discusses jogging. (direct object)
▪ His early morning habit is jogging. (Predicate noun)
▪ It details the benefits and drawbacks of jogging. (object of the preposition.
o Gerund Phrases are made up of a gerund and all of its modifiers and complements. A Gerund Phrase’s modifiers includes adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. The entire phrase functions as a noun.
▪ Walking the dog is Zach’s responsibility. (subject)
▪ Lauren’s least favorite job is walking the dog. (Predicate noun)
▪ Luckily, Zach likes taking the dog for a walk. (direct object)
▪ Lauren and Zach fight about doing jobs around the house. (Object of the preposition)
• Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases : Text Pages145 -146
o An Infinitive is a verb form that is almost always preceded by the word “to.” In a sentence, an infinitive can act a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
▪ I plan to compete. (Infinitive as a noun)
▪ I was among the first runners to enter. (Infinitive as an adjective)
▪ I am eager to win. (Infinitive as an adverb)
o An Infinitive Phrase is a phrase made up of an infinitive and all of its modifiers and complements. It may contain one or more prepositional phrases.
▪ To land on the moon was once a dream. (Infinitive Phrase used as a noun – subject)
▪ We ran the race to raise money for medical research. (Infinitive Phrase used as an adverb)
• Subject/verb agreement when using Indefinite Pronouns – text Page 193
o Each of the poem's sections is divided into cantos. (Singular subject takes singular verb)
• 2. Each of the sinners is punished according to the plan of symbolic retribution.
• 3. Everything is dark and dreary in the woods.
• 4. One of the characters in the story represents reason.
• 5. Another of the great poets is Homer.
Fragments and Run-On Sentences
o Fragment: studying all night
▪ Correction: Add a subject – The students were studying all night.
o Run-On: We went to the store, we didn’t have enough money.
▪ Correction: Add correct punctuation and/or conjunctions.
▪ We went to the store, but we did not have enough money. (Added a coordinating conjunction turning sentence into a compound sentence which has two independent clauses connected by the conjunction “and” plus a comma).
▪ We went to the store; we didn’t have enough money. (Added a semicolon turning the sentence into a compound sentence).
▪ We went to the store. We didn’t have enough money. (Added a period and capitalized the first letter of “We” to turn the Run-On Sentence into two separate sentences.
▪ Although we went to the store, we didn’t have enough money. (Added a subordinating conjunction to turn the sentence into a Complex Sentence with one dependent clause and one independent clause).
• Possessive Forms of Nouns –
o The boy’s bike
o The boys’ bikes
• Pronouns and Their Antecedents – page 193
• Know the difference between the following words:
than / then affect / effect a lot / allot
to /two/ too your /you’re of / have
accept / except there/ their / they’re
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