THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA

[Pages:38]THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA

PART - II (FORMULATIONS) VOLUME - I First Edition

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI,

SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY, NEW DELHI 2007

CONTENTS

LEGAL NOTICES GENERAL NOTICES PREFACE INTRODUCTION MONOGRAPHS AVALEHA:

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-

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-

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General Description

1 A????G?VALEHA 2 BHALL?TAK?DI MODAKA 3 BILV?DI LEHA 4 CITRAKA HAR?TAK? 5 CYAVANAPR??A 6 KALY???VALEHA 7 K??M???AKA RAS?YANA (Synonym: Ku?m???a Kha??a) 8 M?DV?K?DI LEHYA 9 P?GAKHA??A 10 S?RA??VALEHA 11 V?S?VALEHA 12 VY?GHR? HAR?TAK?

PAGE XII XIII XXIII XXX

1

AFI, Part-II, 3:1 2 AFI, Part-I, 3:21 4 AFI, Part-I, 3:18 7 AFI, Part-I, 3:10 10 AFI, Part-I, 3:11 13 AFI, Part-II, 3:4 17 AFI, Part-I, 3:7 20 AFI, Part-I, 3:24 23 AFI, Part-I, 3:17 26 AFI, Part I, 3:29 29 AFI, Part-I; 3:26 32 AFI, Part-II, 3:6 35

C?R?A:

General Description

13 ?MALAKY?DI C?R?A 14 AVIPATTIKARA C?R?A 15 B?LAC?TURBHADRIK? C?R?A 16 EL?DI C?R?A 17 HI?GV???AKA C?R?A 18 NAV?YASA C?R?A 19 NIMB?DI C?R?A

38

AFI, Part-I, 7:3 39 AFI, Part-I, 7:2 41 AFI, Part-I, 7:24 43 AFI, Part-I, 7:5 45 AFI, Part-I, 7:37 47 AFI, Part-I, 7:17 49 AFI, Part-I, 7:20 51

20 PA?CASAMA C?R?A 21 PU?Y?NUGA C?R?A 22 T?L?S?DYA C?R?A 23 VAI?V?NARA C?R?A

AFI, Part-I, 7:22 53 AFI, Part-I, 7:23 55 AFI, Part-I, 7:13 57 AFI, Part-I, 7: 30 59

GH?TA:

General Description

61

24 BR?HM? GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:32 63

25 DA?AM?LA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:16 65

26 DA?AM?LA ?A?PALAKA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:17 68

27 DH?TRY?DI GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:21 71

28 J?TY?DI GH?TA (Synonym Vra?a ?odhan?di Gh?ta) AFI, Part-I, 6:11 73

29 KALY??AKA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:7 75

30 PA?CAGAVYA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:25 78

31 PA?CATIKTA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:26 80

32 PHALA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:30 82

33 S?RASVATA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:43 85

34 TRAIKA??AKA GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:15 87

35 TRIPHAL? GH?TA

AFI, Part-I, 6:14 90

GUGGULU:

General Description

36 KAI?ORA GUGGULU (Va??)

93

AFI, Part-I, 5:2 94

VA?? AND GU?IK?:

General Description

37 MARIC?DI GU?IK?

97

AFI, Part - I, 12:20) 98

K??RA/ LAVA?A:

General Description

39 ARKA LAVA?A 40 KALY??AKA K??RA 41 M?LAKA K??RA 42 PAL??A K??RA 43 YAVA K??RA

100

AFI, Part-I, 10:1 103 AFI, Part-I, 10:6 105 AFI, Part-I, 10:10 107 AFI, Part-I, 10:9 109 AFI, Part-I, 10:11 111

TAILA:

General Description

44 BAL?GU??CY?DI TAILA 45 DH?NVANTARA TAILA (Synonym Bal? Taila) 46 GANDHARVAHASTA TAILA 47 KO??AMCUKK?DI TAILA 48 K??RABAL? TAILA 49 SAI?DHAV?DI TAILA

113

AFI, Part-I, 8:34 115 AFI, Part-I, 8:22 117 AFI, Part-I, 8:12 120 AFI, Part-I, 8:10 122 AFI, Part-I, 8:11 124 AFI, Part-I, 8:60 126

LEPA:

General Description

50 D?RV? MALAHARA (GEL)

128

Based on Caraka Cikitsa 25/93 129

APPENDIX ? 1. Apparatus for Tests & Assays

133

1.1

Nessler Cylinders

133

1.2

Sieves

133

1.3

Thermometers

134

1.4

UV Lamps

134

1.5

Volumetric Glassware

135

1.6

Weights and Balances

135

1.7

Muslin Cloth

135

APPENDIX ? 2. Tests and Determinations

136

2.1

Microscopic Identification

136

2.2

Determination of Quantitative Data

140

2.2.1

Net Content

140

2.2.2

Foreign Matter

140

2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.2.9 2.2.10 2.2.11 2.2.12 2.2.13 2.2.14 2.2.15 2.2.16 2.2.17 2.2.18 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.5. 2.5.1 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.6. 2.7.

Total Ash Acid-Insoluble Ash Water-Soluble Ash Sulphated Ash Alcohol-Soluble Extractive Water-Soluble Extractive Ether-Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) Volatile Oil in Drugs Special Processes Used In Alkaloidal Assays Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Starch Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957 Sugar Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957) Fatty oil Estimation Protein Estimation (Lowry et al, 1951) Method for Alkaloid Estimation Limit Tests Limit Test for Arsenic Limit Test for Chlorides Limit Test for Heavy Metals Limit Test for Iron Limit Test for Lead Limit Test for Sulphates Heavy Metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Microbial Limit Tests Total Aerobic Microbial Count Tests for Specified Micro-organisms Pesticide Residues Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues Test for Pesticides Quantitative Analysis Gas Chromatography Test for Aflatoxin

APPENDIX ? 3. Physical Tests and Determinations

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 3.9 3.10. 3.11. 3.12.

Refractive Index Weight per Millilitre and Specific Gravity Determination of pH Value Determination of Melting and Congealing Range Determination of Melting Range Determination of Congealing Range Determination of Boiling Range Determination of Optical Rotation Determination of Viscosity Determination Total Solids Solubility in Water Determination of Saponification Value Determination of Iodine Value Determination of Acid Value

140 140 140 140 141 141 141 141 142 143 144 146 147 147 147 147 147 148 153 153 156 156 158 158 163 172 175 179 181 182 183 186 188

190

190 190 191 191 191 194 195 196 198 199 199 199 200 201

3.13. 3.14. 3.15. 3.16. 3.17.

Determination of Peroxide Value Determination of Unsaponifiable Matter Detection of Mineral Oil (Holde's Test) Rancidity Test (Kreis Test) Determination of Alcohol Content

APPENDIX ? 4. Reagents and Solution

APPENDIX ? 5. Chemical Tests and Assays

5.1.1. 5.1.2. 5.1.3. 5.1.3.1. 5.1.3.2. 5.1.3.3. 5.1.4. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4. 5.2.5. 5.2.6. 5.2.7. 5.2.8. 5.2.9. 5.2.10. 5.2.11. 5.2.12.

Estimation of Total Phenolics Estimation of Total Tannins Estimation of Sugars Reducing Sugars Total Sugars Non-reducing Sugars Estimation of Curcumin by TLC Densitometer Determination of Aluminium Determination of Borax Determination of Calcium Determination of Copper Determination of Iron (Fe) Determination of Magnesium Determination of Mercury Determination of Silica (SiO2) Estimation of Sodium and Potassium by Flame Photometry Determination of Sodium chloride Determination of Sulphur Qualitative Reactions of some Radicals:

APPENDIX ? 6. Ayurvedic Definition and Methods

6.1. 6.1.1. 6.1.2. 6.1.3. 6.1.4. 6.1.5. 6.1.6.

6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.2.4 6.2.5. 6.2.6. 6.2.7. 6.2.7.1.

Kalpan Paribhs Kalka

Kvtha / Ka?ya Cr?a Pu?apka Svarasa

Svarasa

Hima Ka?ya

Smnya Paribh? Kajjal K?jika

K?ra Cr?odaka

Prak?epa

Bhvan odhana Godanti odhana

201 202 202 203 203

207

239

239 239 239 240 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 246

248

248 248

248 248

248 248

248

249 249 249

249 249

249 250 250 250

6.2.7.2. 6.2.7.3. 6.2.7.4.

6.2.7.5. 6.2.7.6. 6.2.7.7. 6.2.7.8. 6.2.7.9. 6.2.7.10. 6.2.7.11.

6.2.7.12. 6.2.7.13.

6.2.7.14. 6.2.8.

6.2.8.1.

6.2.8.2. 6.2.8.3.

6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.2. 6.3.3. 6.3.4.

Gairika odhana Gandhaka odhana: Guggulu odhana:

?a?ka?a odhana:

Tuttha odhana: Bhalltaka odhana: Mana?il odhana: Vatsanbha odhana: iljatu odhana: Haritla odhana:

Hi?gu odhana:

Prada Smnya odhana:

A??asa?skra of Prada

Mrchana

Mrchana of Era??a Taila

Mrchana of Gh?ta

Mrchana of Taila

Yantra Paribh?

Khalva Yantra Tiryak ptana Yantra ?amar Yantra Dol Yantra

250 251 251

251 251

252 252

252 252 253

253 253

254 257

258

258 259

259 260 260 260

260

APPENDIX ? 7. Weights and Measures.

261

7.1

Metric Equivalents of Classical Weights and Measures.

261

7.2

Metric System.

262

APPENDIX ? 8. Classical Ayurvedic References.

263

APPENDIX ? 9. List of Single Drugs used in Formulation, with Latin

276

Nomenclatures

APPENDIX ? 10. Bibliography.

280

LEGAL NOTICES

In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs which follow. These monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed by these laws wherever they are applicable.

It is expedient that enquiry be made in each case in order to ensure that the provisions of the law are being complied with.

In general, the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 (subsequently amended in 1964 and 1982), the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930 and the Poisons Act, 1919 and the rules framed there under should be consulted.

Under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (A.P.I.), Part-II, Vol. I, is the book of standards for compound formulations included therein and the standards prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-II, (Formulation) Vol. I, would be official. If considered necessary these standards can be amended and the Chairman of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee's authorised to issue such amendements. Whenever such amendments are issued the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-II (Formulation), Vol. I, would be deemed to have been amended accordingly.

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