Chapter 3 Notes: States of Matter
Chapter 3 Notes: States of Matter
Chapter 3 Notes: States of Matter
Describing states of ________:
• Based on if their ______ and _______ are ________ or _______
o Tells you how ________ within a material are __________
• _________
o Have definite _______ and ______ (will not ______ with _________)
o Usually has some type of orderly arrangement of _______ (can only ______ into one another)
▪ At _______ level (packed _______)
• __________
o Always has same _______ as its _________
▪ Can be _______ from one container into another
o Has definite ________
o Does not have definite _______
o ________ are close _________ but can _____ about one another
o Ex: _____________________
• _________
o No definite ________________
o Takes the _______ and _______ of its _______ (ex: ________)
o Particles have no regular ________
▪ _______ and ______ against one another
• P_________
o No definite shape or volume
o _________ move extremely _______
o _____ of all matter in the ________ (not common on _______)
o Found at extremely _______ temperatures (ex: _____________)
• B________________________ (BEC)
o Exists at extremely _____ temperatures (_____°C)
o Groups of _______ behave as a _________________
K_______ Theory (mid-1800’s)
• Kinetic ( Greek for “________”
• _______________
o Energy an object has due to its _______
o ________ with the ______/how ______ an object moves
• All particles of _______ are in constant _______
• Developed to explain the behavior of _________________________
H_______: transfer of ________ energy from 1 object to another b/c of ____________ difference
• Flows normally from _____ to _____ objects
Temperature
• Measure of how ____ or _____ an object is compared to a _________ point
o ________ scale ( _______ and ________ points of water
o ________ scale ( absolute _______ (0 Kelvins)
• Related to average _________ energy of particles in an object
o Move ________ as object _______ up
o ______-energy particles ( ____ energy with increased collisions
o ______-energy particles ( ____ energy with increased collisions
Thermal Energy
• Total PE and KE of all ________ in an object
• Depends on _______, _________, and ________ of an object
Heat and Thermodynamics
• C__________: transfer of ________ energy with no transfer of ______
o Occurs within _________ or between ___________ materials
o Slower in ________
• __________ collide less often
o Faster in ___________
o Thermal __________: material that conducts thermal energy ___
o Thermal _________: material that conducts thermal energy ____
• C____________: transfer of thermal energy when ________ of a _____ move from one ________ to another
o _______________: fluid circulates in a _____ as it alternately _____ up and ______ down
• Important in ______ currents, _______ systems, and hot rock in _______ interior
• R_________: transfer of energy by _______ moving through ______
o All objects radiate ______: increases with increasing __________
P________Changes
• ___________ physical change
• Substance changes from one ______ of matter to another
• Measure _____________ as it is heated or cooled
• Temperature of substance does not change during a ______________
• _______ is transferred between __________ and its _____________
o __________________________
o E____________: (like your skeleton = inside)
▪ _________ energy from ____________
▪ Ex: ________ (fusion)
o E____________: (like the exit door = to outside)
▪ _________ energy to surroundings
▪ Ex: __________
• 6 common changes:
o M___________
▪ Water molecules become ______________
▪ Molecules _________ more quickly from ______ position
▪ _______ point is _______
▪ Complete when all molecules have enough ______ to move
o F___________
▪ Molecules becomes more _________ to one another
▪ ________ molecules become more __________
▪ _______ flows from ______ to the _____ to cool down
• ________ energy _________ and molecules move more _______
o V____________
▪ Substance changes from a ___________________
▪ ___________ process (must _______ energy)
▪ ____________________: 2261 joules of energy/1 gram of water when it ___________
• Differs in different __________
▪ 2 processes:
• E___________
o Takes place at the _______________________
o Occurs at temperatures _____________________
o The greater the _____________ of the container, the _______ the water evaporates
o ________________: pressure caused by _______ of vapor and container
▪ ________ as __________ increases
o Water vapor is less ______ than liquid water
• B___________
o When _______ pressure = _________ pressure (boiling point) ( ______
o ________ of water vapor form
▪ Quickly rise to surface and _______
• Release _____________ into air
o Molecules move _______________ as water ____
o __________ pressure is lower at higher ________
o ________ point depends on __________ pressure
o C_____________
▪ Changes from _____________________
▪ ___________ (heat given off)
▪ Ex: __________________________________
o S_____________
▪ Changes from _____________________
▪ Does not change to _______ before becoming a _____
▪ _________ (absorbs energy)
▪ Ex: __________________
o D_____________
▪ _____________ changes directly into _______ (never changes into ________)
▪ __________(heat given off)
▪ Ex: ______
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