First Observations of Cells - MS. CANIZARES - SCIENCE - Home



392430045720000111252041148000Biology Basics Workbook & Notes - CanizaresName _______________________________ Hour ______2678905385604Grading Guide for Mark the Text: Paragraphs numberedVocabulary Circled or HighlightedEach Paragraph has key ideas Underlined or HighlightedUnderlines or Highlights are 5-8 words (less is best)00Grading Guide for Mark the Text: Paragraphs numberedVocabulary Circled or HighlightedEach Paragraph has key ideas Underlined or HighlightedUnderlines or Highlights are 5-8 words (less is best)4714875385445Grading Guide for Cornell Notes:Big Topic ID’edEssential Question based on big topic & higher level question (hint use how)Notes per paragraph – using mark the textQuestion per paragraph on leftSummary is 5 sentences minimum Summary is factual not personalCovers ALL main topics of readingNotes are processed – highlight most difficult, ! *?etc.00Grading Guide for Cornell Notes:Big Topic ID’edEssential Question based on big topic & higher level question (hint use how)Notes per paragraph – using mark the textQuestion per paragraph on leftSummary is 5 sentences minimum Summary is factual not personalCovers ALL main topics of readingNotes are processed – highlight most difficult, ! *?etc.Learning Objectives:Cornell/Mark the Text Requirements:Biology Basics What are the characteristics of life (& be able to use to identify why something is or is NOT alive)? What’s the basic biological organizational structure (& be able to classify examples)? Describe the basics of how to use a microscope and what’s able to be seen. Describe the differences between the three types of cells. Describe the structure and function of organelles. Be able to identify them! --Grading Rubric --108642Activities Completed & accurate Answers show evidence of thinking and improvement of understanding on magnets Work is neat and shows effort/time spent Corrections made on mistakes (except I think type questions/predictions)Almost perfectMissing several componentsMissing many componentsMissing most componentsCornell Notes & Mark the Text Checklist above is completed It’s evident that it has been used for studying at home – revised, foldings for using questions, etc. Almost perfectMissing several componentsMissing many componentsMissing most componentsWhat Is Life?Characteristics1234567`8910111213141.310515120015002.3.4.5.6.Living, Non-Living or Dead?L NL DPost Activity Reflection Questions1.How did you determine the difference between a living specimen and a nonliving one?2. What is the difference between a nonliving specimen and one that you considered dead?3. What traits do nonliving things have in common with one another?4. According to your data table, what traits do most living things have in common?5. What traits did you list as characteristics of living things, but were not easily observable?6. Think of something that is “nonliving” and for fun, argue it is living. Be sure to use what you have learned about the characteristics of living things as part of your argument. Therefore, include characteristics that this nonliving specimen shares with other living things. Nonliving Item: ____________________________ Describe how a lawyer wanna-be might say it is alive:5778517839p. 100p. 1Create Your Own Fictitious CreatureList the 6 characteristics for life in in the six smaller boxes below. Under each box write a definition for each. Then in each box demonstrate your understanding using your fictitious creature. Color is required.35890206537960____________________00____________________-1949456537960____________________00____________________35896554178935____________________00____________________-1955804170045______________________00______________________35928301924050____________________00____________________-1930401924050____________________00____________________-19304095758Organism Drawing & Description/Drawing of Their Habitat00Organism Drawing & Description/Drawing of Their Habitat6378665159204p. 200p. 21524026098500Fill in the Organizer using the powerpoint presentation from your teacher. Also on the side include a drawing for each.-167581142358p. 300p. 3106680179070Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism -> Population (group of organisms) -> Biome (smaller ecosystem ex: grasslands) -> Ecosystem 00Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism -> Population (group of organisms) -> Biome (smaller ecosystem ex: grasslands) -> Ecosystem Types of Cells Color by number & Fill in the Chart BelowPresent in the cell?OrganelleColorBacteriaPlant AnimalCell Membrane2 – Cytoplasm3 – DNA4 – Ribosomes5 – Mitochondria6 - Vacuole7- Golgi Body8- Endoplasmic Reticulum9 – Lysosome10- Chloroplast11- Cell Wallleft2667000-53340147955AA383286056515After Coloring Reflection:Which two cells had most in common? A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is a plant cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is a bacteria cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is an animal cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Don’t cheat and look online – okay to be wrong.Obviously what are the three types of cells? ________________________________________00After Coloring Reflection:Which two cells had most in common? A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is a plant cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is a bacteria cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Which cell do you think is an animal cell?A B C What evidence did you use to choose? ________________________________________________________________________________Don’t cheat and look online – okay to be wrong.Obviously what are the three types of cells? ________________________________________291846033655BB22860041275CC6591935380365p. 400p. 4A forest is filled with an amazing variety of living things. Some are easy to see, but you have to look closely to find others. If you look carefully at the floor of a forest, you can often find spots of bright color. A beautiful pink coral fungus grows beneath tall trees. Beside the pink fungus, a tiny red newt perches on a fallen leaf. What do you think a fungus, a tree, and a red newt have in common? They are all living things, or organisms, and, like all organisms, they are made of cells.An Overview of CellsYou are made of cells.?Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.?This means that? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gccell')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" cells?form the parts of an organism and carry out all of an organism’s processes, or functions.Cells and Structure: When you describe the structure of an object, you describe what it is made of and how its parts are put together. The structures of many buildings, for example, are determined by the way in which bricks, steel beams, and other materials are arranged. The structures of living things are determined by the amazing variety of ways in which cells are put together. A tall tree, for example, consists of cells arranged to form a high trunk and leafy branches. A red newt’s cells form a body with a head and four legs.Cells and Function: An organism’s functions are the processes that enable it to stay alive and reproduce. Some functions in organisms include obtaining oxygen, getting rid of wastes, obtaining food, and growing. Cells are involved in all these functions. For example, cells in your digestive system absorb food. The food provides your body with energy and materials needed for growth.Many and Small: One square centimeter of your skin’s surface contains more than 100,000?cells. But no matter how closely you look with your eyes alone, you won’t be able to see individual skin cells. That is because, like most cells, those of your skin are very small. Until the late 1600s, no one knew cells existed because there was no way to see them.First Observations of CellsAround?1590, the invention of the microscope enabled people to look at very small objects.?The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.?A? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcmicroscope')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" microscope?is an instrument that makes small objects look larger. Some microscopes do this by using lenses to focus light. The lenses used in light microscopes are similar to the clear, curved pieces of glass or plastic used in eyeglasses. A simple microscope contains only one lens. A light microscope that has more than one lens is called a compound microscope.Robert HookeOne of the first people to observe cells was the English scientist and inventor Robert Hooke. Hooke built his own compound microscope, which was one of the best microscopes of his time. In 1663, Hooke used his microscope to observe the structure of a thin slice of cork. Cork, the bark of the cork oak tree, is made up of cells that are no longer alive. To Hooke, the empty spaces in the cork looked like tiny rectangular rooms. Therefore, Hooke called the empty spaces?cells,?which is a word meaning “small rooms.” He calculated that in a cubic inch there were about twelve hundred million cells—a number he described as “almost incredible.”What the Cell Theory SaysSchleiden, Schwann, Virchow, and others helped develop the cell theory. The? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gccelltheory')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" cell theory?is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.?The cell theory states the following:All living things are composed of cells.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.All cells are produced from other cells.-127576572770p.500p.5The cell theory holds true for all living things, no matter how big or how small. Since cells are common to all living things, they can provide information about the functions that living things perform. Because all cells come from other cells, scientists can study cells to learn about growth and reproduction. -211667-101600Big Topic: __________________________________Essential Question: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Big Topic: __________________________________Essential Question: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-213360268605Question Per Paragraph/Idea:Overview of Cells_____________________________Cells & Structure_____________________________Cells & Function_____________________________Many & Small_____________________________First Observations of Cells __________________________________________________________Robert Hook__________________________________________________________What the Cell Theory Says______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________00Question Per Paragraph/Idea:Overview of Cells_____________________________Cells & Structure_____________________________Cells & Function_____________________________Many & Small_____________________________First Observations of Cells __________________________________________________________Robert Hook__________________________________________________________What the Cell Theory Says______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________2042160253365Notes2: Cells are the basic units of s_________________ & f _______________ in living things 3:Structure: _____________________________________________________4:Function: ___________________________________________________________5:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:____________________: instrument that makes small objects look larger using lenses and light7: Observations of Robert Hook included: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________8: Cell Theory: a widely accepted relationship between _________ & ____________ thingsAll living things are made up of __________Cells are the basic units of _______________ & _______________ in living thingsAll cells are produced from ___________________9: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Notes2: Cells are the basic units of s_________________ & f _______________ in living things 3:Structure: _____________________________________________________4:Function: ___________________________________________________________5:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:____________________: instrument that makes small objects look larger using lenses and light7: Observations of Robert Hook included: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________8: Cell Theory: a widely accepted relationship between _________ & ____________ thingsAll living things are made up of __________Cells are the basic units of _______________ & _______________ in living thingsAll cells are produced from ___________________9: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-213360-3175Summary (5 sentences minimum): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Summary (5 sentences minimum): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6549390277495p. 6020000p. 6Cells Parts Web ReviewCell Basics: Use the scroll under the image to zoom in. It starts with units in ___m. Scrolling in, what was the next smallest thing after the amoeba & paramecium? _______________ which is 130 micrometers. Can we see that with the “naked” eye? ___Which is bigger – skin or red blood cell? (circle 1) Which is bigger – mitochondrion or influenza (flu) virus? (circle 1)According to the notes under the animation, what’s the smallest size we can see? ______ mm. You need to use an electron microscope to see ___________nm (1 billionth of a meter) or below. The three main types of cells are: b__________________ (aka PROKARYOTIC – have no nucleus), p____________ (aka EUKARYOTIC), & a_____________________ (also EUKARYOTIC). Which appear to be more complex organisms – eukaryotic or prokaryotic? (circle 1) List just 3 of the types of animal cells shown in the image: _______________________________________________Summary: All living things are made of _____________. Most cells are measured in _________________ and require a __________________ to be seen. There are p____________________ (bacteria) cells and e_______________ (plant & animal cells). Cell Parts: For each part listed, write its job & sketch its general shape and location. Make sure to read over the details as well.Cell (Plasma) MembraneRibosomesMitochondriaNucleusGolgi ApparatusCytoplasmLysosomes & PeroxisomesEndoplasmic ReticulumJob:Drawing:Click Play the Game. Drag the words to the line until it turns colors. How many mistakes did you make the first time? _____ Repeat the game. How many mistakes did you make this time? _____Click back and Click Play the Quiz. How many did you get right? _____/10. Repeat the game. This time? _____/10Plant vs. Animal Parts: Click on plant vs. animal cell. According to the heading plant and animal cells are like c______________________. Plant cells also have cell __________ (job: ____________________), c_____________________ (job: ____________________), & large central v_______________(job: ____________________),. Plant cells don’t have _________________________. Click on the extra parts you wrote above and list their job in the parantheses. Cick play the game. How many mistakes did you make? ________ Repeat. How many mistakes this time? ______53320959969500 It starts with an animal cell. Drag the parts of an animal cell starting with the outermost part. This site has a couple different terms, but if you read the descriptions of the parts, it should help. Did you get it right the first time? ______Click on plant cell and repeat the process. Did you get it right the first time? _____Summary: Plants and animal cells (aka e__________________), have a lot of parts in common like the ____________________________ & _______________________. One difference is that plants cells have ______________________ & _____________________, but don’t have __________________. Choose a Game to Review Cell Parts: you will discover on your journey within a cell, there are even smaller structures inside a cell. These tiny cell structures, called? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcorganelle')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" organelles,?carry out specific functions within the cell. Just as your stomach, lungs, and heart have different functions in your body, each organelle has a different function within the cell. Now it’s time to hop aboard your imaginary ship and sail into a typical plant cell.Enter the Cell.Cell Wall: As you travel through the plant cell, first you must slip through the cell wall which isn’t very easy. The? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gccellwall')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" cell wall?is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. The cells of animals, in contrast, do not have cell walls.?A plant’s cell wall helps to protect and support the cell.?The cell wall is made mostly of a strong material called cellulose. Although the cell wall is tough, many materials, including water and oxygen, can pass through easily.Cell Membrane: After you sail through the cell wall, the next barrier you must cross is the? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gccellmembrane')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" cell membrane. All cells have cell membranes. In cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall. In other cells, the cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment.The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of a cell. Everything the cell needs, from food to oxygen, enters the cell through the cell membrane. Fortunately, your ship can slip through, too. Harmful waste products leave the cell through the cell membrane. For a cell to survive, the cell membrane must allow these materials to pass in and out. In addition, the cell membrane prevents harmful materials from entering the cell. In a sense, the cell membrane is like a window screen. The screen allows air to enter and leave a room, but it keeps insects out.Sail on to the Nucleus507619046736000As you sail inside the cell, a large, oval structure comes into view. This structure, called the? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcnucleus')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" nucleus?(noo?klee us), acts as the “brain” of the cell.?You can think of the nucleus as the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.Nuclear EnvelopeThe nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope. Just as a mailing envelope protects the letter inside it, the nuclear envelope protects the nucleus. Materials pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. So aim for that pore just ahead and carefully glide into the nucleus.ChromatinYou might wonder how the nucleus “knows” how to direct the cell. The answer lies in those thin strands floating directly ahead in the nucleus. These strands, called chromatin, contain genetic material, the instructions for directing the cell’s functions. For example, the instructions in the chromatin ensure that leaf cells grow and divide to form more leaf cells.NucleolusAs you prepare to leave the nucleus, you spot a small object floating by. This structure, a nucleolus, is where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are the organelles where proteins are produced. Proteins are important chemicals in anelles in the CytoplasmAs you leave the nucleus, you find yourself in the? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gccytoplasm')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" cytoplasm,?the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Your ship floats in a clear, thick, gel-like fluid. The fluid in the cytoplasm is constantly moving, so your ship does not need to propel itself. Many cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm.Mitochondria-111125568960p. 8020000p. 8Suddenly, rod-shaped structures loom ahead. These organelles are? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcmitochondria')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" mitochondria?(my tuh?kahn?dree uh) (singular?mitochondrion).?Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.-211667-101600Big Topic: __________________________________Essential Question: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Big Topic: __________________________________Essential Question: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-213360273685Question Per Paragraph/Idea:__________________________________________________________Enter the Cell_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sail on to the Nucleus ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Organelles in the Cytoplasm_____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________00Question Per Paragraph/Idea:__________________________________________________________Enter the Cell_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sail on to the Nucleus ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Organelles in the Cytoplasm_____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________2042160250825Notes1: Organelles: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2: Cell Wall: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3: Cell Membrane: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4:The cell membrane controls what substances __________________________________________________________________________________________________5:Nucleus: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:Nuclear Envelope: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7:Chromatin: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8:Nucleolus: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:Cytoplasm:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:Mitochondria: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:____________________: a region around a charged object where the object’s electric force is exerted on other charged objects7: If the charges are the same the object is p______________. If the charges are opposite then it is p______________.8: The electric force always points toward _______________ charges.9: The greater the __________________ from the charged object, the ___________________ the electric field is.10: When there are two or more charges, the shape of the electric field is ________________ (changed)._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Notes1: Organelles: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2: Cell Wall: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3: Cell Membrane: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4:The cell membrane controls what substances __________________________________________________________________________________________________5:Nucleus: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:Nuclear Envelope: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7:Chromatin: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8:Nucleolus: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:Cytoplasm:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:Mitochondria: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:____________________: a region around a charged object where the object’s electric force is exerted on other charged objects7: If the charges are the same the object is p______________. If the charges are opposite then it is p______________.8: The electric force always points toward _______________ charges.9: The greater the __________________ from the charged object, the ___________________ the electric field is.10: When there are two or more charges, the shape of the electric field is ________________ (changed)._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-21336094615Summary (5 sentences minimum): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Summary (5 sentences minimum): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6549390277495p. 9020000p. 9Endoplasmic ReticulumAs you sail farther into the cytoplasm, you find yourself in a maze of passageways called the? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcendoplasmicr')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" endoplasmic reticulum?(en duh?plaz?mik rih?tik?yuh lum).?The endoplasmic reticulum’s passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.RibosomesAttached to some surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum are small, grainlike bodies called? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcribosome')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" ribosomes.?Other ribosomes float in the cytoplasm.?Ribosomes function as factories to produce proteins.?Some newly made proteins are released through the wall of the endoplasmic reticulum. From the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins will be transported to the Golgi bodies.Golgi BodiesAs you leave the endoplasmic reticulum, you see the golgi body. It looks like flattened sacs and tubes. This structure can be thought of as the cell’s mail room.?The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.?The Golgi bodies also release materials outside the cell.ChloroplastsHave you noticed the many large green structures floating in the cytoplasm? Only the cells of plants and some other organisms have these green organelles called? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcchloroplast')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" chloroplasts.?Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.?Chloroplasts make leaves green.VacuolesSteer past the chloroplasts and head for that large, water-filled sac, called a? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gcvacuole')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" vacuole?(vak?yoo ohl), floating in the cytoplasm.?Vacuoles are the storage areas of cells.?Most plant cells have one large vacuole. Some animal cells do not have vacuoles; others do. Vacuoles store food and other materials needed by the cell. Vacuoles can also store waste products.LysosomesYour journey through the cell is almost over. Before you leave, take another look around you. If you carefully swing your ship around the vacuole, you may be lucky enough to see a? HYPERLINK "javascript:openGlossaryWnd('e_gclysosome')" \o "Glossary Term, link opens in new window" lysosome?(ly?suh sohm).?Lysosomes are small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.?Some chemicals break down large food particles into smaller ones. Lysosomes also break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again. In this sense, you can think of lysosomes as the cell’s cleanup crew.Specialized CellsPlants and animals (including yourself) contain many cells. In a many-celled organism, the cells are often quite different from each other and are specialized to perform specific functions. For example nerve cells are specialized to transmit information from one part of your body to another, and red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body.In many-celled organisms, cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.?A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. For example, your brain is made mostly of nervous tissue, which consists of nerve cells. An organ, such as your brain, is made of different kinds of tissues that function together. In addition to nervous tissue, the brain contains other kinds of tissue that support and protect it. Your brain is part of your nervous system, which is an organ system that directs body activities and processes. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.Bacterial Cells-163830862965p. 10020000p. 10The plant and animal cells that you just learned about are very different from the bacterial cells. First, bacterial cells are usually much smaller than plant or animal cells. A human skin cell, for example, is about ten times as large as an average bacterial cell.?While a bacterial cell does have a cell wall and a cell membrane, it does not contain a nucleus. The bacterial cell’s genetic material, which looks like a thick, tangled string, is found in the cytoplasm.?Bacterial cells contain ribosomes, but none of the other organelles found in plant or animal cells. 2049780-190500Notes1:Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2: Ribosomes: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3: Golgi Bodies: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4: Chloroplasts: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5:Vacuoles: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:Lysosomes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00Notes1:Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2: Ribosomes: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3: Golgi Bodies: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4: Chloroplasts: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5:Vacuoles: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6:Lysosomes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-217805-190500Question Per Paragraph/Idea:Organelles in Cytoplasm Cnt’d___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bacterial Cells ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Electric Field Around Multiple Charges__________________________________________________________00Question Per Paragraph/Idea:Organelles in Cytoplasm Cnt’d___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bacterial Cells ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Electric Field Around Multiple Charges__________________________________________________________-213360278765Summary (5 sentences minimum): 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(5 sentences minimum): 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11020000p. 11right2762250Cell Model Planning and ReflectionOrganelleWho Is Responsible?How Making It/What Is it Made Of?Shape of the OrganelleFunction/Job of OrganelleCell MembraneCytoplasmNucleusEndoplasmic Reticulum (ER)RibosomesGolgi ApparatusMitochondriaLysosomesVacuolePost Activity ReflectionAnswer in complete sentences (unless noted otherwise): Explain how you helped your group accomplish your cell model. Be very specific. What grade do you think your grade should earn? _______ Justify why with evidence from your model. How comfortable are you with the parts of an animal cell? _______________ What are you going to do to help yourself ace that part of the exam on cells? Which cell part is most difficult for you? _________________________Which cell part is the easiest for you? ___________________________How might learning about cells help you in everyday life? Answer in a complete sentence or two.6616700128270p. 1200p. 122232660-97790004152900-9842500MicroslidesSlide ViewCell Structure QuestionsSketch/DrawingCork_______________ was the first to name the dark walled boxes “cells”. The cells are empty because cork is ____________________ _________. Onion Skin 200x’sIn order to see the cell better i__________ was used to stain it. Inside the cell wall (A) there is c__________________ which appears ______________. (C) is the ______________ and is a darker round body. Plant cells have a cell membrane and a cell ___________.Green Leaf (300x’s)Is it always possible to see all the parts in the same cell? _____ The many dark green spots are the c_______________. It’s hard to see the cell _________________ because of the cell _____> Cheek Cells (900x’s)To get the cheek cells a toothpick scraped a person’s ____________ and spread on a glass slide. Do animal cells have a wall? _______ The oval granules are probably b____________. Blood Cells (900x’s)This cell has dried blood and a s__________ was added. Red blood cells do not have a _______________ and can’t _________________. A white blood cell is ______________ in size than a red. Another kind of blood cell is called a p_____________. Nerve Cells (300x’s)This cell is from the part of the brain in charge of _____________. The staining hides _____________________. The long fibers make connections with other cells to control our ___________________. Can an entire brain cell be seen here? _______Bacteria(1500x’s)The bacteria shown is from the s______________. Bacteria ____________________ a true nucleus.Virus(50,000x’s)This is a virus attacking a ___________________. Can viruses be seen with a microscope? ______ Are viruses alive? ____________Harmful BacteriaSlide ViewCell Structure QuestionsSketch/DrawingDiptheria(2,000x’s)The _______________ of diphtheria causes serious damage to the human body. Currently we get a v_______________ to protect us from this!Thyroid Fever Bacteria (2000x’s)This bacteria lives in _________________. During the Civil War more people died from ______________________ than any weaponry. Campers _____________ water to avoid typhoid.Pneumonia Bacteria (2,000x’s)The bacteria have a c______________ that provide strong protection for the bacteria. They are often found in our ___________________.Bacteria of Tuberculosis(2,000x’s)This bacteria attacks the ___________ and other organs. This slide was made from m_________ that was coughed up and s______________. Bacteria of Blood Poisoning(2000x’s)These bacteria are r___________ and form c__________. The large forms around the bacteria are ___________ blood cells (sent to kill the bacteria). They are purple because of s______________.Bacteria of Food Poisoning(2000x’s)This is bacteria that causes b______________. The waste is the ____________ . -126365113665p. 1300p. 13Bill Nye, The Science Guy Presents: Cells 1. All plants and animals in the world are made of _______________. 2. People have about _______________ _______________ cells. 3. Cells are like ________________, but cells are _______________. 4. Alive or not: What re 2 examples of things that are alive? 5. What are 2 parts plants and animals both have? 6. Instead of a wall, animal cells 7. _______________ power the cell. 8. Different cells are like different _______________ of the house. 9. Yogurt and cheese are made of _______________ cells. 10. _______________ are like a roadmap. 11. During metamorphosis, all the cells get _______________. 12. _______________ is your body’s fastest growing organ. 13. There is no such thing as a _______________-_______________ boy. 14. _______________ tell your cells what to do. 15. Genes are made of _______________. 16. _______________ are cells you can see without a microscope. 17. _______________ are plant cells that are all dried out. 18. Not all blood cells are _______________, some are _______________. 19. Cells have different _______________. 20. We start with _______________ cell. 4602480-28956000Identify the Parts of a Cell Show in the Animal Cell Diagram1- ______________________________ 2- ______________________________ 3- ______________________________ 4- ______________________________ 5- ______________________________ Name one part you would NOT find in an animal cell: _____________________Functions: Fill in the blanks______________________ are tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.The rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and other organisms is called the ______________________.In cells without cell walls, the _______________________ forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment.The _______________________is a large, oval structure that directs all of the cell’s activities.Strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus are referred to as ___________.The jelly-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus is the ____________________________._____________________produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions.A maze of passageways called the __________________________carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.____________________function as factories to produce proteins._____________________receive proteins and other newly formed materials and distribute them to other parts of the cell. Careful – look at your answer to number 8!Organelles called ___________________ capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.The storage area of a plant cell is called a(n)___________________________ .6291580356870p. 1400p. 14___________________are small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones.Ameoba Sisters – DNA Introduction HYPERLINK "" TermDrawingKiddy DefinitionDNAChromosomeGeneTraitright125730When studying heredity, what’s the relationship between DNA bases and traits?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________00When studying heredity, what’s the relationship between DNA bases and traits?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21793209525000For the diagram on the right label A: Deoxyribose (sugar)B: Phosphate C: Nitrogenous base39446209779000Explain the image regarding where your entire DNA Code can be found.DNA can be found ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Spike is not a clone of his father. He inherited his DNA from both his parents. Chromosomes are condensed units of DNA. If Spike has 36 chromosomes, you would expect Spike to have inherited ______ chromosomes from his mother and ______ chromosomes from his father. How did you determine the chromosome number and how does that relate to heredity. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Strawberry DNA Extraction Why did we mash up the strawberry? What does DNA look like? A person cannot see a single cotton thread four classrooms away. But if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible at the same distance. How is this statement an analogy to our DNA extraction? Is DNA found in all living or once living cells? ____________Since the strawberries were once living, and we extracted DNA from them, what does this mean about the foods you eat? ................
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