Biology 1406 - WCJC



Biology 1406 Review Sheet for Exam 1 Mr. Dees

Note: the following is a brief synopsis of the topics covered by the first lecture exam. Be sure that this sheet is not all that you study, for this list may be incomplete and is not very detailed. Anything covered in lecture is fair-game for the exam. Use this to be sure you do not have any “gaps” in your notes. A helpful section is provided at the end of each chapter in the form of a chapter summary, key terms, and review questions.

Chapter 1

biology defined

reasons why the understanding of biology is important

7 properties of living things with examples

7 themes of life

Levels of biological organization with examples

basic unit of life?

prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

energy flow through living systems

emergent properties

feedback mechanisms

biodiversity

classification

taxonomy

Taxa(-on)

Current taxonomic hierarchy

binomial nomenclature

three domains

Evolution

Darwin

Natural Selection as a process

Hypothesis and inquiry in science – scientific method

Chapter 2,3,4

matter

elements

92 natural, 25 essential to life

CHON ?

trace elements – with examples

atoms

subatomic particles and charge

structure of atom

molecules and compounds

chemical bonds – energy?

covalent bonds

ionic bonds

hydrogen bonds

chemical reactions – components

polar molecules vs. non-polar

hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic

properties of water

specific heat

cohesive, adhesive, vapor pressure, states, evaporative cooling

electrolytes

cations

anions

density of water vs. ice

solvents

solutes

solutions

universal solvent?

pH scale

acids vs. bases

dissociation of HOH

importance of C

organic compounds vs. inorganic compounds

carbon skeleton and functional groups and properties- function

Chapter 5

macromolecules

four categories of biological macromolecules

polymers – monomers

mechanism to build polymers

dehydration synthesis –hydrolysis

anabolic vs. catabolic reactions

enzymes

carbohydrates

functions of carbohydrates

monomers

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides – with examples and functions as discussed in class

Glycosidic linkage

Lipids

no polymers!!

all hydrophobic

classes of lipids

composition of fats (triglycerides)

function of fats

saturated vs. unsaturated fats

phospholipid composition

amphipathic molecules

phospholipid bilayer

steroids and examples

Proteins

many functions – know examples discussed in class

amino acids – how many natural?

components of amino acid

peptide bonds

what determines the function of a protein??

four level of protein structure

denatured protein

nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

components of nucleotide

A,T, G,C, and U

structure of DNA – double helix

Watson and Crick

genes

phosphate-sugar backbone

base pairs

directional 3’-5’

antiparallel

complementary strands

replication

RNA structure

DNA and RNA at work

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