Human Anatomy, Chapter 11 Lecture Outline: Axial Muscles
Human Anatomy, Chapter 11 Lecture Outline: Axial Muscles
Axial Muscles
* Have both their ___________________ and ______________________on parts of the axial skeleton.
* Support and move the _______________and _______________column.
* Function in nonverbal ______________________________by affecting facial _______________.
* Move the lower _______________during _______________.
* Assist in food ______________________________and ______________________________.
* Aid ______________________________.
* Support and protect the ______________________________and _______________organs.
* Are not responsible for ______________________________or moving the pectoral or _______________girdles or their attached _______________.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
* Separated into several specific _______________.
* Almost all originate on either the _______________or the _______________bone.
Muscles of Facial Expression
* Originate in the superficial _______________or on the _______________bones.
* Insert into the ______________________________fascia of the _______________.
* Contort the _______________causing it to _______________.
Muscles of Facial Expression
* Several are associated with the _______________.
* The _______________is the most expressive part of the _______________
* muscles in that area are very ______________________________
* ______________________________oris consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opening of the _______________.
* when it contracts the _______________closes
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
* Often called ______________________________muscles.
* Move the _______________.
* Are termed ______________________________because they originate within the _______________and insert onto the _______________.
* _______________extrinsic eye _______________.
* the _______________muscles
* (____________________________________________________________)
* the _______________muscles (inferior and _______________)
Muscles of Mastication
* Refers to the process of _______________.
* Move the mandible at the _____________________________________________joint.
* Four paired muscles of _______________
* __________________________________________________________________________
Muscles That Move the _______________
* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the mandible and _______________the tongue.
* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the styloid processes of the _______________bone.
* elevate and _______________the tongue (pull the tongue _______________into the mouth)
* The left and right _______________muscles originate at the hyoid bone and insert on the sides of the _______________.
* Depress and _______________the _______________
* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the soft ____________.
* elevate the ______________________________portion of the tongue
Muscles That Move the Tongue
* The tongue is an _______________, highly mobile _______________.
* It consists of ______________________________muscles that curl, _______________, and fold the tongue during chewing and _______________.
* the tongue itself is a _______________muscle
* Extrinsic muscles of the tongue, originate on other _______________and neck structures and insert on the _______________.
* _______________= “tongue”
* Used in various ______________________________to accomplish the precise, complex, and delicate tongue movements required for proper _______________.
* Manipulate _______________within the mouth in preparation for __________________________.
Muscles of the Pharynx
* Commonly known as the “_______________.”
* Is a funnel-shaped _______________that lies posterior to both the oral and _______________.
* Muscles help form or attach to this tube and aid in ______________________________.
* Primary _______________muscles are the pharyngeal constrictors ___________________________
* Initiate ______________________________and force the bolus inferiorly into the _______________.
* Help _______________or _______________the palate when swallowing.
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
* The ______________________________muscles are superior to the hyoid bone.
* The ______________________________muscles are inferior to the hyoid bone.
Anterior and Lateral Neck Muscles
* Flex the _______________and neck ______________________________.
* “_______________flexion” and “_______________flexion” refer to the same movement
* The main muscles are the ______________________________and the three scalenes.
Posterior Neck Muscles
* Extend the head/_______________.
* The ______________________________attaches to the skull and helps extend the head/neck.
* Primary function is to help move the ______________________________girdle.
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
* Very _______________.
* Have multiple _______________and _______________.
* Exhibit quite a bit of _______________.
* Are covered by the most ______________________________back muscles.
* trapezius and ______________________________dorsi
* The “_______________” is the cervical portion of the ______________________________column.
* The muscles extend the ______________________________portion of the vertebral column.
Muscles of Respiration
* ______________________________involves inhalation and ______________________________.
* During ______________________________, several muscles contract to increase the ______________________________of the thoracic cavity as the lungs fill with _______________.
* The ______________________________cavity expands both to cause the lungs to fill with air and to ______________________________the expanding lungs.
* During ______________________________, some respiratory muscles contract and others relax, collectively decreasing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out of the ____________.
* Are on the _______________and _______________surfaces of the thorax.
* Are covered by more ______________________________muscles that move the upper limb.
The Diaphragm
* Is an internally placed, _______________-shaped _______________.
* Forms a partition between the _______________and _______________cavities.
* The most ______________________________muscle associated with _______________.
* The muscle fibers _______________from its margins toward a fibrous central _______________.
* A strong ______________________________is the insertion tendon for all peripheral muscle fibers.
The Diaphragm
* When the diaphragm _______________, the central tendon is pulled ______________________________toward the abdominal cavity, thereby increasing the vertical ______________________________of the thoracic cavity.
* As it compresses the ______________________________cavity, it also increases intra-abdominal _______________.
* Also important in helping return venous _______________to the heart from the lower half of the _______________.
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
* Four pairs of muscles collectively compress and hold the abdominal organs in place.
* ____________________________________________________________
* Work together to flex and _______________the vertebral _______________.
* When they ______________________________contract they laterally flex the vertebral _______________.
*
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
* Formed by three _______________of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the pelvic _______________.
* extends from the _______________and pubis of the _______________coxae across the pelvic outlet to the sacrum and _______________
* Collectively form the pelvic floor and support the pelvic _______________
* the pelvic _______________floor is composed of muscle layers that form the ______________________________and anal triangles, extend across the pelvic _______________, and support the organs in the pelvic _______________
There are no review questions for this chapter; please study the entire set of notes (one time only).
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