Andrea Johnson



Lesson Data: Ancient Egypt

Grade level: 6th grade

Lesson Title: Hieroglyphics

Time Allotted: 50 minutes – 1 hour

Teacher: Andrea Johnson

Overview:

The topic of this lesson plan is writing in Hieroglyphics for a sixth grade Social Studies class. The lesson will be taught through direct instruction teaching strategy because this is a new concept that the students will be learning.

Goal:

Students will understand the Ancient Egyptian form of communication – Hieroglyphics.

National Learning Standard

National Council for the Social Studies

• Standard I – Culture

Social Studies programs should include experience that provide for the study of culture and cultural diversity.

NYS Learning Standard

SS #2 – World History

▪ Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning points in world history and examine the broad sweep of history from a variety of perspectives.

Key Idea # 1

▪ The study of world history requires an understanding of world cultures and civilizations, including an analysis of important ideas, social, and cultural values, beliefs, and traditions.

Performance Indicator

▪ Students will identify the social and economic characteristics, such as customs, traditions, and socialization practices.

Objective:

Given a worksheet, “Hieroglyphics or the English Language,” the student will label five out of five characteristics of Hieroglyphics by writing H on the line provided.

Given a poster with a hieroglyphic “alphabet,” the student will write a message using hieroglyphics using the rules of Ancient Egyptian writing.

Materials:

Worksheets – “Hieroglyphics or The English Language”, “Count Like An Egyptian”, “The Hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt” and “Hieroglyphic Postcard”

Computer for Power Point Presentation

English alphabet

Flash cards with the Hieroglyphic “alphabet”

Anticipatory Set:

I would display this picture:

[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]

Does anyone know what this is a picture of?

(I expect to receive answers like bird, feather, some students might even say that it looks like a secret code).

These pictures are actually symbols that were used by the Ancient Egyptians as a way to communicate information. It is important that we know how other cultures in the past communicated, so that we can apply it to the present day.

Transition:

And Now I will tell you what this is all about. Let’s start ….

Development:

This lesson is using the Behavioral Model, DI strategy using lecture with a Power Point Presentation.

Symbols are an important part of our daily life. When we see symbols, we instantly know what they mean. Symbols are a form of communication. Today, we are going to learn about Hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were the earliest form of writing in Egypt. Hieroglyphics were made of symbols that stood for different words and ideas.

Let’s talk about Hieroglyphics!

There were two types of writing used in Ancient Egypt – hieratic and hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were basically only used in formal settings. Hieratic was the script used for day-to-day writing. Today, we are going to talk about hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were the earliest form of writing in Egypt. Hieroglyphs are the drawings that made up Ancient Egypt's written language. The earliest Hieroglyphs were simple pictures that showed what the writer wanted to communicate. “Hiero” means sacred and “glyph” means craving.

Hieroglyphic writing is like a picture puzzle.

Teacher would display this on the Smart Board and Explain:

[pic]

Eye + heart + U = I love you



Check for Understanding:

▪ What were the two types of writing used in Ancient Egyptian times?

▪ What are Hieroglyphics?

▪ What does “hiero” mean?

▪ What does “glyph” mean?

This is an example of a hieroglyphic alphabet (Display picture):

[pic]

Some pictures represent actual concepts rather than letters. For example, what do you think this represents (Display picture)?

[pic]

(Teacher takes suggestions from the class)

This actually represents a cobra, called Uraeus. It is associated with the king and royalty. The uraeus appears as a symbol worn on the crown or headdress of royalty. It is used as a protective symbol. The Egyptians believed that the cobra would spit fire at any approaching enemies.

Check for Understanding:

▪ What did hieroglyphics represent?

Now let’s discuss the differences between Hieroglyphics and writing in the English language.

REMEMBER! English is based on 26 characters called letters. Letters are combined into words...and then into sentences… which tell a story.

Ancient Egyptian writing uses more than 2,000 hieroglyphic characters. Each hieroglyph represents a common object – a reed, an eagle, a basket, etc. Hieroglyphs could represent the sound of the object or they could represent an idea associated with the object.

REMEMBER! English is always read left to right. [pic]. There are spaces in between the words and punctuation is often used.

(Display this picture)

|[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] |

|[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] |

|[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] |

|[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] |

Display this sentence and have class read aloud:

The dog is big.

Hieroglyphic writing was written in columns or rows. Reading direction is determined by the direction that human and animal figures faced. Reading starts from the direction that figures face and continues in the opposite direction.

Display and Read aloud from Smart Board:

|Hieroglyphs could |  |But they were usually |

|be written left to right. | |written right to left. |

|[pic] |  |[pic] |

|[pic] |Columns were read down as we would read lines down a page. The |[pic] |

| |Egyptians liked symmetry. If hieroglyphs were inscribed in a column,| |

| |they would often inscribe the same text in the opposite column, | |

| |except with the writing reversed | |

| |Excerpt from hiero. | |

Hieroglyphics rarely used vowels, although they were spoken.

Check for Understanding:

▪ Name some differences between Hieroglyphics and English writing.

Using the hieroglyphic alphabet and the rules we just went over regarding hieroglyphics, let’s write a word in hieroglyphics.

Let’s write the word, “book”.

Model Think out loud - Let’s look at our chart to look for what picture represents the letter “b”, “o”, and “k”.

[pic][pic][pic][pic]

B O O K

* Make sure to emphasize that some letters are represented by the same pictures. For example, the letters c and k = [pic]

Egyptians also developed numeral Hieroglyphs, so they could do math problems. 

In our modern system of numbering, numbers are counted in units of 10. (Display example)

|EXAMPLE |

|[pic] |

|10 |= |1 X 10 |

|100 |= |1 X 10 X 10 |

The Egyptian numbering system was also based on units of 10, but instead of relying on the position of numbers to define their value, the Egyptians used different images to represent different units of 10.

[pic]

|[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic|

| | | | | |] |

|100,000 |10,000 |1,000 |100 |10 |1 |

To write a number, the hieroglyph representing each unit of ten would simply be drawn as many times as was necessary.

|EXAMPLE |

|[pic] |

|500, would be written: [pic] |

Check for Understanding:

▪ What do our current math system and the Ancient Egyptian numbering system have in common?

▪ How did Egyptians write a number?

Could every Ancient Egyptian read and write with Hieroglyphics? Put your thumbs up if you think that every Ancient Egyptian could read and write with hieroglyphs. (Teacher makes a mental note of the class’ opinion).

Actually, only the sons of wealthy Egyptians could be trained. They were called scribes (writers.) Hieroglyphics were extremely hard to learn. The scribes trained for years, starting school when they were boys. Girls were not allowed to go to school so they couldn't become scribes. Scribes were special royal servants. They didn't have to go into the military or pay taxes. They were also well respected and had their pictures painted on the walls of houses and monuments.

[pic]

You can see hieroglyphics on ancient tombs, pyramid walls, pottery and ceramics. Scribes also used hieroglyphics on papyrus to record the history of Egypt.

Did you know that for hundreds of years, hieroglyphics couldn’t be read by anyone? The knowledge of the written language was not passed on. The Rosetta Stone, which contained the same passage in hieroglyphics and Greek, was discovered in 1799. It took until 1822 before the code was finally cracked and hieroglyphics could once again be read and understood.

[pic]

Check for Understanding:

▪ Could every Ancient Egyptian read and write hieroglyphics?

▪ What was the role of the scribes?

▪ Where could you see hieroglyphics?

Transition:

Now, let’s practice what we have learned.

Guided Practice:

1) Using the hieroglyphic alphabet and the rules we just went over regarding hieroglyphics, I would ask the students to write a sentence in hieroglyphics.

I would give them the sentence “School is fun” I would ask the 2 students to come to the board and write the sentence. (Let the students choose whether or not the sentence is written left to right or right to left or in columns. Emphasize the fact that there are no spaces or punctuation marks)

[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]

S C H O O L I S F U N

2) As a class, we will work on writing names and simple sentences in hieroglyphics. The students will be given the hieroglyphic alphabet and a flashcard with a hieroglyph on it (For example, one student will be given a flashcard with the hieroglyph [pic] = c, another will be given a flash card with [pic]= s). I would call out a name like “Katie”. Students who have those pieces of the Hieroglyphic alphabet will place the cards on the board. I would gradually say a simple sentence and have the students use the flash card to put it together on the board.

3) I would give the students worksheets. Students are paired together to complete the worksheet. The worksheet (see attached) has a list of characteristics of both the written English language and Hieroglyphics. Students are to label “E” for English (if it applies to English) and H if it applies to only hieroglyphics.

4) I would give the students the worksheet, “Count Like An Egyptian”. The students would have to write what numbers the symbols represent.

Accommodations:

➢ For those students who are visually impaired, I would enlarge the hieroglyphics alphabet.

➢ For those students that demonstrate mastery, I would have them create a chart listing the characteristics of both Hieroglyphics and the English writing.

➢ For those students for who English is a second language (particularly Spanish speaking students), I would allow them to write their message in Spanish using hieroglyphics. Their task is to be done as home work and their message must be decoded by the student’s family members

Closure

Closure would consist of asking questions such as:

❖ What are hieroglyphics?

❖ How do they differ from writing in the English language?

❖ Why is it important that we learn about different forms of communication?

❖ Who usually wrote in hieroglyphics?

❖ What are five characteristics of Hieroglyphics?

Independent Practice:

1) For class work, I would give the students the worksheet “Hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt” (see attached) to complete individually. This worksheet would test their knowledge of today’s lesson.

2) For homework, I would give the students a worksheet (see attached worksheet) with a message in hieroglyphics for them to decode. In addition to decoding the message on the worksheet, the students must write their own message in hieroglyphics and give it to another student the next day in class for them to decode. The objective is to make sure what every message was created was clearly understood and followed the rules of writing in hieroglyphics

Evaluation:

Diagnostic: The students will be asked if they know what hieroglyphics are.

Formative: Guided Practice, CFU, observation

Summative: Independent Practice (Completing Worksheets)

Reflection:

➢ Is this lesson appropriate for the Behavioral Model and the strategy of Direct Instruction?

➢ Does the anticipatory set pre-assess prior knowledge on the topic, focus, and motivate for the new learning?

➢ Is the design of my lesson plan and the materials used effective?

➢ Did the students seem interested in the content?

➢ Was the independent practice an effective summative evaluation?

[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic][pic][pic]

Name: _____________________

Date: _________________

Count like an Egyptian

Directions: Use the key below to tell what number each group of symbols represent.

|[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic|

| | | | | |] |

|100,000 |10,000 |1,000 |100 |10 |1 |

[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] = ________

[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] = __________

[pic][pic] [pic] [pic] = ___________

Solve the word problem! [pic]

Queen Isis has ordered her Nubian general, Sirius, to sail the Nile River and get [pic] planks of the finest cut cedar wood for the gates and doors of her new temple. Each ship can carry [pic] planks of wood. How many ships will Sirius have to take with him to transport all the wood back to Egypt? ________________

Adapted from

Name: __________________ Date: ________

Hieroglyphics or the English language?

[pic] OR [pic]

Directions: Below there are a list of characteristics of Hieroglyphics and the written English language. If the statement applies to just Hieroglyphics, write H on the line, if the statement applies to the English language write E on the line provided.

___ 1. Based on 26 characters.

___ 2. Always read from left to right.

___ 3. Rarely used vowels.

___ 4. Reading starts from the direction that figures face and continues in the opposite direction.

___ 5. Writing was written in columns or rows.

___ 6. Punctuation is often used.

___ 7. Based on over 2.000 characters.

___ 8. Represents a common object.

___ 9. There are spaces in between ideas.

[pic] [pic]

Name: ___________________ Date: _____________________

Hieroglyphic Postcard! [pic]

Directions: Your friend, a fellow scribe, has taken off on an adventure down the Nile River. Using the hieroglyphic alphabet given, write him a message asking him how his adventure is going.

Ask yourself these questions while you are writing:

➢ Did I make sure not to use punctuation marks or spaces?

➢ Did I use the right pictures to demonstrate my ideas?

➢ Are the hieroglyphics facing the right direction?

➢ Can my message be clearly decoded by other scribes?

[pic]

Name: ___________________ [pic]

Date: ____________________

Hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt

One of the most fascinating things about a study of ancient Egypt is the study of their language through the hieroglyphics they left behind.

Read the following sentences and complete the fill in the blanks.

1. Hieroglyphics are a form of _________________ developed by the

Ancient Egyptians.

2. Over ________________ hundred hieroglyphics symbols have been

discovered.

3. Hieroglyphics comes from two Greek words; hiero meaning

_______________ and glyph meaning _____________________ .

4. The __________________ Stone, found in 1799 helped

archaeologists read Egyptian hieroglyphics.

Answer the following questions:: [pic]

5. Where could you see hieroglyphics?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Who were the scribes of Ancient Egypt?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



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