ANCIENT ROME STUDY GUIDE - Washington-Liberty



ANCIENT ROME STUDY GUIDE

1. Rome is a city located on the __Italian_____ peninsula.

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Map:

• Britannia ***Be familiar with the each stage of expansion***

• Hispania Early Rome, Rome Before Punic War, Rome After

• Gaul Punic War, Rome at Death of Ceasar, Pax Romana

• Carthage

• Rome

• Alexandria

• Black Sea

• Aegean Sean

• Adriatic Sea

• Mediterranean Sea

• Alps

• Tyrhennian Sea

• Sicily

2. Who were the legendary founders of Rome? (three people)

Aeneas and Romulus/Remus

3. Where did the Roman senate meet? (Hint: …it was a marketplace)

Forum

4. Match the god/goddess:

|___6__ |Ceres |God of war |

| | | |

|___3__ |Jupiter |2) god of the underworld |

| | | |

|__7___ |Venus |3) king of the gods |

| | | |

|__8___ |Poseidon (Neptune) |4) god of wine |

| | | |

|__2___ |Pluto |5) Roman name for Athena |

| | | |

|__5___ |Minerva |6) Roman grain goddess |

| | | |

|__1___ |Mars |7) Roman goddess of love |

| | | |

|__4___ |Bacchus |8) god of the ocean |

5. Identify the following terms/people:

a. Dictator- a temporary position appointed by the Senate during times of emergency for 6mo.

b. Etruscans- early Roman neighbors, Romans adapted their arch

c. Patricians- noblemen

d. Plebians- regular citizens

e. Pax Romana- Roman Peace, 200 year period of relative peace and prosperity starting w/ Augustus

f. Aqueduct- Roman engineering innovation that carried water to the cities of Rome

g. Republic- form of government in which citizens elect representatives to govern

h. 12 Tables- Roman law code during the Republic

i. Consul- one of two executives in the Republic who carried out laws and commanded the army

6. Rome fought three Punic Wars against which Northern African city?

Carthage

7. How did they treat the people of this city after the final war?

They burned Carthage and sowed the soil with salt

8. Name 3 results of the Punic Wars?

a. Romans gained land in Spain, North Africa, and islands in Mediterranean

b. Rome was the superpower in the Mediterranean region

c.

9. Name 4 areas which became part of the Roman Empire.

a. Spain

b. North Africa

c. Sicily

d. Corsica/Sardinia

10. What was the name of the Carthaginian general during the 2nd Punic War? The Roman general who defeated him?

Hannibal (Carthage), Scipio Africanis (Rome)

11. Who were the Gracchi brothers and what was their significance?

Reformers who wanted to use the office of tribune to push land reform, giving land to plebeians. They were murdered by the Senate. This started a trend of the Senate using violence to get rid of people who threatened their agenda.

12. Who was Marius and what was his significance?

Roman general who reformed the army so that men could join even if they could not afford armor. He also promised land to veterans. He created the pattern of Roman soldiers being more loyal to their generals than to the state.

13. Who was Sulla and what was his significance?

Roman general who fought and defeated Marius in a civil war. He claimed the title of dictator for more than 6mo. He was the first to be a dictator for more than 6mo and created that precedent.

14. What were 4 reasons for the decline of the REPUBLIC in the 1st century BCE?

a. Too many slaves

b. Unemployment

c. Soldiers loyal to their generals

d. Devaluation of the currency due to inflation

15. Who was in the First Triumvirate?

Pompey, Julius Caesar, Crassus

16. Write at least four key achievements of Julius Caesar:

a. Reformed the calendar

b. Land reform for plebeians

c. Conquered Gaul

d. Cancelled debts of many plebeians

17. Who was in the 2nd Triumvirate?

Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus

18. Who won at the Battle of Actium?

Octavian

19. What does the title Augustus mean? Upon whom did the Senate bestow this title?

Revered One. Octavian

20. Write at least three key achievements of Augustus:

• Rebuilt city of Rome

• Julian Marriage Laws

• Added more land to the Empire

21. Name 3 effects of the Pax Romana on the economy.

More trade, more roads, common currency across Empire

22. What effect did a uniform system of money have on the Pax Romana?

More trade!

23. Name 2 social impacts of the Pax Romana.

More emphasis on marriage and family, less strife between patricians and plebeians

24. List four examples of Roman technology or architecture.

• Aqueducts

• Arches

• Domes

• Highways

25. Explain how these technologies affected the civilians of Rome.

• Aqueducts: bring clean water to the cities

• Arches: add strength to a building while using less building materials

• Domes: add height to a building

• Highways: connect the empire and allow the military to march quickly

26. What medical and scientific advances did the Romans make?

Medical schools, precursor to the ideas of bacteria and germs, orbits.

27. Who wrote the Aeneid?

Virgil

28. Why are the languages of Latin, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Romanian called “Romance languages?”

They are derived from the Roman language, Latin.

29. Christianity was grew out of what religion? _____Judaism________________________

30. What kind of religion was Christianity? _____monoTHEISM

31. Who was proclaimed the Messiah? _______ Jesus Christ ____________________________

32. Who started Christianity? _________Jesus Christ________________________________

33. Why did the Romans persecute Christians? Christians did not accept the Roman gods or that the Roman emperor was considered a god.

34. Name 3 basic beliefs of Christianity. ___life after death, Jesus as messiah, monotheism, tripartite god (father, son, holy spirit)

35. What was the holy book for Christians? ___Bible_____________________________

36. What was the goal of the Apostles? ____to spread the word of Christ____

37. What does the New Testament contain? ____accounts of Jesus’ life (Gospels)

38. Who helped to spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire? ______Paul___________

39. Who was the first Christian emperor? ___Constantine____________________

40. What emperor legalized Christianity? ______Theodosius____________________

41. Explain how Christianity gained followers in Rome.

Followers of Jesus spread his message of love and peace to the slaves and poor of the Roman Empire. Many Christians died in gladiator games as martyrs, making some Romans curious about the religion. Constantine, the Roman Emperor, finally adopted it and made it legal and it spread quickly.

42. During the AD 200s, Rome’s power weakened, what happened to the empire in 395 AD?

It was split into two halves, Eastern and Western.

43. Explain 4 contributions the Romans have given the world that we use today.

• Names of the planets

• Names of the months

• Idea of bacteria and germs

• Idea of orbits

• Latin-based languages

• Arches and domes

• Stadiums/arenas

• Concrete

• Highway system

• Republican form of government

• And so much more!

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