Ancient Egypt and Kush Section 5 - Weebly

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________

Ancient Egypt and Kush Section 5

MAIN IDEAS

1. The geography of early Nubia helped civilization develop there. 2. Kush and Egypt traded but they also fought. 3. Later Kush became a trading power with a unique culture. 4. Both internal and external conflicts lead to the decline of Kush.

Key Terms and People

Piankhi Kushite king who conquered all of Egypt trade network a system of people in different lands who trade goods back and forth merchants traders exports items sent for sale in other countries or regions imports goods brought in from other countries or regions Queen Shanakhdakheto the first woman to rule Kush King Ezana Aksumite king who destroyed Mero? and took over the kingdom of Kush

Academic Vocabulary

authority power or influence

Section Summary

THE GEOGRAPHY OF EARLY NUBIA The kingdom of Kush developed in Nubia, south of Egypt. Just as in Egypt, yearly Nile floods provided fertile soil and farming thrived. The area was also rich in gold, copper, and stone. Kerma (KAR-muh), the capital city on the Nile, was protected by a cataract, or stretch of shallow rapids. As time passed Kushite society became more complex.

KUSH AND EGYPT Kush and Egypt were trading partners. The Kushites sent slaves to Egypt. They also sent gold, copper, ebony, and ivory. At times Kush and Egypt were at war. Around 1500 BC, Thutmose I invaded Kush and left the palace at Kerma in ruins. Kush became

What valuable resources were important to Kush's prosperity?

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Original content ? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Guided Reading Workbook

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 5, continued

free from Egypt in about 1050 BC. By around 850 BC Kush was a power again. During the 700s, under the king Kashta, the Kushites began to invade Egypt. Kashta's son, Piankhi (PYANG-kee), conquered all of Egypt by the time he died in 716 BC. Piankhi's brother, Shabaka (SHAB-uh-kuh), became pharaoh of the twenty-fifth, or Kushite, dynasty. Egyptian culture thrived. But by 670 BC, Assyrians invaded Egypt. Their iron weapons were better than the bronze weapons of Kush. Over time, the Assyrians pushed the Kushites back to Nubia.

For about how many years was Kush under Egyptian control?

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LATER KUSH After Kush lost control of Egypt, it developed trade to make itself rich again. Mero? (MER-oh-wee) became the center of a trade network. Africa's first iron industry developed here because iron ore and wood for fuel were available. The Kushites sent goods to Egypt. From there, Egyptian and Greek merchants shipped goods to the Mediterranean and beyond. Kush's exports included gold, pottery, iron tools, ivory, leopard skins, and slaves. Imports included luxury items from Egypt, Asia, and the Mediterranean.

The Kushites worshipped their own gods and developed their own writing. Women were active in society, and some rose to positions of authority. Queen Shanakhdakheto (shah-nahk-dah-KEE-toh) was the first of many women who ruled Kush.

THE DECLINE OF KUSH By the AD 300s, another trading center, Aksum (AHK-soom), located in what is now Eritrea, began competing with Kush. Soon trade routes bypassed Mero?, weakening Kush. The Aksum leader King Ezana (AY-zah-nah) invaded, and Kush fell.

What industry helped make Kush a rich and successful kingdom again? _______________________ _______________________

What was the role of women in Kushite society? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Circle the name and kingdom of the ruler who eventually defeated Kush.

CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Solving Problems Pretend you are a Kushite leader in 850 BC. Write a short essay explaining your plan to defeat Egypt.

Original content ? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Guided Reading Workbook

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 5, continued

DIRECTIONS Look at each set of four vocabulary terms. On the line provided, write the letter of the term that does not relate to the others.

_____ 1. a. Piankhi b. an Egyptian c. son of Kashta d. a Kushite

_____ 2. a. Piankhi b. trade network c. Mero? d. a system of people in different lands who trade goods

_____ 3. a. merchants b. traders c. Egyptian and Greek d. King Ezana

_____ 4. a. imports b. exports c. goods brought in d. fine jewelry and luxury items

_____ 5. a. imports b. exports c. items sent out d. gold and slaves

_____ 6. a. King Ezana b. first woman to rule Kush c. 170 BC to 150 BC d. Queen Shanakhdakheto

_____ 7. a. King Ezana b. Queen Shanakhdakheto c. King of Aksum d. destroyed Mero?

Original content ? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Guided Reading Workbook

Answer Key

True/False 1. F; Deltas are triangle-shaped areas of land made of soil that is deposited by a river. 2. F; Cataracts are steep rapids that made sailing portions of rivers such as the Nile very difficult. 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T

SECTION 2

Summary (First Page) that the pharaoh was both a king and a god (Second Page) the lower class; the life force; to house dead rulers

Challenge Activity Students should respond that it is different because Americans do not believe the President is a king or a god. Students should also note that presidents are elected and have more limited powers than pharaohs.

Descriptive Phrases Answers will vary. Sample answers:

1. life after death 2. wealthy, powerful 3. using practical scientific knowledge 4. most famous pharaoh of the Old Kingdom 5. preserved dead bodies wrapped in cloth 6. wealthy, powerful 7. the third dynasty 8. triangle-shaped tombs

SECTION 3

Summary (First Page) from Southwest Asia (Second Page) south; architects; farmers and peasants

Challenge Activity Answers will vary. Student essays should include reasonable statements about any advantages or disadvantages.

Vocabulary 1. Ramses the Great; a pharaoh of the New Kingdom

2. Middle Kingdom; a period of peace in Egypt

3. Queen Hatshepsut; a New Kingdom ruler who expanded trade

4. trade routes; routes used by traders 5. New Kingdom; the height of Egypt's

power and glory

SECTION 4

Summary (First Page) Greek (Second Page) sphinxes and obelisks; kings, priests, and other important people; because it is one of the few Egyptian tombs left untouched by tomb raiders

Challenge Activity Student messages will vary but should be able to be translated.

Fill in the Blank 1. Papyrus 2. hieroglyphics 3. King Tutankhamen 4. Rosetta Stone 5. Sphinxes 6. obelisk

SECTION 5

Summary (First Page) fertile soil, gold, copper, stone (Second Page) about 450 years; the iron industry; Women were active in society, and some rose to positions of authority; Students should circle the name and kingdom: King Ezana and Aksum

Challenge Activity Student essays will vary but should include an explanation for the defeat of Egypt.

Vocabulary Terms 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b

Original content ? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

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Guided Reading Workbooks Answer Key

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