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AP Biology FRQ’s MicroevolutionFree-Response Directions: Question 1 is a long free-response question that should require about 20 minutes to answer. Questions 2 and 3 are short free-response questions that should require about 6 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and write your response. Answers must be written out. Outline form is not acceptable. It is important that you read each question completely before your begin to write. 1. Evolution is one of the unifying themes of biology. Evolution involves change in the frequencies of alleles in a population. For a particular genetic locus in a population, the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is 0.4 and the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is 0.6. (a) Determine what is the frequency of each genotype (AA, Aa, aa) in this population? Determine what is the frequency of the dominant phenotype?(b) Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium be used to determine whether this population is evolving? (c) Identify a particular environmental change and describe how it might alter allelic frequencies in this population. Explain which condition of the Hardy-Weinberg principle would not be met.2. Most mutations are deleterious, but upon occasion a mutation may confer an organism a certain advantage within a particular environment and increase the organism’s ability to contribute to the gene pool. Thus, the environment plays a role in determining whether a mutation is beneficial or harmful. (a) Identify TWO mutations that are beneficial based upon the organism’s environment.(b) For each mutation, identify the environmental factor influencing the mutation and explain how the environmental factor relates to the success of the organism.3. Genetic variation provides the raw material for evolution. Identify THREE cellular or molecular mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms introduce variation into the gene pool of a plant or animal population. ................
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