Higher Ed - Vanderbilt University



Comparative Issues in Higher Education Policy

LPO 3740.01

Wednesday afternoons 4 – 7 PM

Mayborn 105

Fall 2011

Stephen P. Heyneman

Professor, International Education Policy

Vanderbilt University,

Nashville, Tennessee

s.heyneman@vanderbilt.edu



Research Assistants:

Jeongwoo Lee

Jeongwoo.lee@vanderbilt.edu

Shannon Franklin

Shannon.b.franklin@vanderbilt.edu

Course Description

Post secondary education used to be for elites. Today it is for the masses. It used to be for specialized occupational purposes; today it is for general preparation, highly specialized vocational purposes, and general interest. Higher education institutions used to concentrate solely on teaching; today they include both teaching and research. Higher education used to be isolated from the general population; today it is often a vanguard for economic and social development. Higher education used to be delivered by churches and non-government organizations; today it is often a symbol of the nation-state and a projection of state authority and power. Excellence in the past has been associated with North America. Today leading systems may be found in many parts of the world. This geographical diversity in excellence is expected to continue.

Some argue that competition has no place in higher education, that the purposes should be confined to the altruistic. Some argue that higher education is a public good and that it should be free of private cost. Regardless of these preferences, governments and university managers often treat competition as a sine qua non, an essential ingredient of public policy. Moreover, public authorities, including those socialist in orientation, continue to raise the private cost.

This class will review the reasons for this competition and diversification of finance. It will review the arguments pro and con, the means by which universities and nations participate, and what they expect to accomplish from their participation.

Format

This course will utilize lectures, readings, written assignments, groups discussions, and presentations. The class will give students a chance to analyze current policy issues, events, and dilemmas and should help prepare students for the main debates over higher education policy.

Requirments

Students will be expected to:

i) Participate in class discussions and demonstrate knowledge of the assigned readings.

ii) Present your paper topic. Separate from the written term paper, each student will be expected to explain the topic in 15 minutes and to field questions.

iii) Submit a brief (4,000 word maximum) paper covering a topic of your choice, approved by me. These topics should represent issues covered by the course, and the papers should provide an analysis which incorporates an international perspective. Topics should be approved by October 5th . The final written draft is

due following the date of presentation.[1]

iv) Midterm Examination The midterm will cover topics up to September 28th. Students will receive and answer the questions by email and will be expected to utilize any written materials in the preparation of their responses.

v) Final exam. At the end of the course there will be a final exam. Students will receive the questions by email and will use any available resources to answer the questions.

Grading will be based on the following:

Term Paper and its presentation 35 %

Reading Presentation and class discussion 15 %

Midterm Examination 20 %

Final Examination 30%

All work in this course is subject to the university honor code and its respective policies.

Students will be expected to adhere to either the University of Chicago Manual of Style or to the American Psychological Association (APA) format . Deviation from an acceptable academic format will result in a reduced grade.

Students will be expected to read the required materials before class and to incorporate them into their class discussions.

Materials will either be on reserve in the Peabody Library or will be electronically scanned and available through e-reserves. There is no single recommended textbook.

However, students might wish to obtain some of the books where materials are sometimes drawn. These include the following:

Goedegeburre, Leo, Kaiser, Frans, and Maassen, Peter, Meek, Lynn, van Vught, Frans and de Weert, Egbert (eds.) 1994 Higher Education Policy: An International and Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Pergamon Press

Kempner, Ken, Mollis, Marcela and Tierney, William (eds.) 1998 Comparative Education Needham Heights (Mass.): Simon and Schuster.

Altbach, Philip G. and Levy, Daniel C. 2005 Private Higher Education: A Global Revolution Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Altbach, Philip G., Reisberg, Liz, and Rumbley, Laura E. 2009 Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution Boston: Center for International Higher Education.

Heyneman, S.P. and De Young, Alan (eds.) 2004 the Challenge of Education in Central Asia. Greenwich (Conn.): Information Age Publishing.

Heyneman, S.P. (ed.) 2009 Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Class Meetings

Topic

August 24th Course Introduction

August 31st. Origins of Higher Education

September 7th Management Issues

September 14th. Private Higher Education

September 21st. Equity

September 28th. Midterm

October 5th. Accreditation and Quality Assurance

October 12th. Higher Education and the World Bank

October 19th. Higher Education in the Europe and Central Asia Region

October 26th. Higher Education and Corruption

November 2nd. Higher Education and International Trade

November 9th. Presentation of paper topics

November 16th. Higher Education and Social Cohesion

November 23rd. Thanksgiving

November 30th Presentation of paper topics

December 7th. Presentation of paper topics

December 14th. Presentation of paper topics and course summary

August 31st.

Origins of Higher Education

Perkins, H. (1984). The Historical Perspective. In B. Clark (Ed.), Perspectives on Higher Education: Eight Disciplinary and Comparative Views (17–55).

Perkins, H. (1991). The History of Universities. In P. Altbach (Ed.), International Higher Education: An International Encyclopedia pp. 169-204

Bowman, Mary Jean 1962 “The Land Grant Colleges and Universities in Human Development,” Journal of Economic History Vol. 22 No. 4 (December) pp. 523 – 46.

September 7th Management Issues in Higher Education

Thompson, Quentin 1998 Trends in Governance and Management of Higher Education. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.

Johnstone, D. B., Arora. A., & Experton, W. (1998) The Financing and Management of Higher Education: A Status Report on Worldwide Reforms. Washington D.C.: The World Bank

Sanyal, B. C. & Johnstone, D. B. (2011). International trends in the public and private financing of higher education. UNESCO Prospects, 41, 157-75.

Heyneman, S.P. (2011, February 20). Middle East: Are jobless graduates causing the protests? University World News, 159.

Heyneman, S.P. and Lee, Jeongwoo. (2011). International Issues in Higher Education. Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press (forthcoming).

Her Majesty’s Government (2011, June) Higher Education: Students at the Heart of the System. London: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

September 14th. Private Higher Education

Bennett, D.L., Lucchesi, A.R., & Vedder, R.K. (2010). For-Profit higher education: Growth, innovation, and regulation. Center for College Affordabillity and Productivity, Washington, D.C.

Bjarnason, S., Cheng, K.M., Fielden, J., Lemaitre, M. J., Levy, D., & Varghese, N. V. (Eds.) (2009). A New dynamic: Private higher education. Background document prepared for the World Conference on Higher Education. Paris: UNESCO.

Levy, Daniel 2005 “Private Higher Education’s Surprise Roles,” pp. 33 – 37 in Altbach, Philip G and Levy, Daniel C. Private Higher Education: A Global Revolution. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Levy, Daniel, 2005 “Pseudo U or How Bad is the U?” pp. 37 – 41 in Altbach, Philip G and Levy, Daniel C. Private Higher Education: A Global Revolution. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Levy, Daniel 2005, “Public Policy and Private Higher Education,” pp. 41 – 47 in Altbach, Philip G and Levy, Daniel C. Private Higher Education: A Global Revolution. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Cowen, T. and Papenfuss, S. 1999 The Economics of For-Profit Higher Education. Fairfax, Virginia: Department of Economics, George Mason University

September 21st. Higher Education and Equity

Arun, Richard, Gamoran, Adam and Shavit, Yossi. (2007) More Inclusion than Diversion: Expansion,Differentiation, and Market Structure in Higher Education,” pp. 1 – 39 in Shavit, Yossi, Arum, Richard and Gamoran, Adam (eds.) Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Heyneman, S.P (2008) “Review of Yossi, Shavit, Arum, Richard and Gamoran, Adam (eds.) 2007 Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study,” Stanford: Stanford University Press in Review of Higher Education Vol. 31 No. 3 (Spring) 2008, pp. 366- 367.

Goastellec, Gaele 2008 “Globalization and Implementation of an Equity Norm in Higher Education: Admissions, Processes and Funding Framework under Scrutiny,” Peabody Journal of Education Vol. 83 No. 1 pp. 71 – 85.

Capshaw, Norman Clark 2008 “Do Electronic Technologies Increase or Decrease Differences in Higher Education Quality Between Low and High Income Countries?” Peabody Journal of Education Vol. 83No. 1 pp. 117 – 42.

Altbach, Philip G., Reisberg, Liz, and Rumbley, Laura E. 2009 Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution Boston: Center for International Higher Education. pp. 37 – 49.

September 28th Midterm

October 5th.

Accreditation, Quality Assurance, Ranking and the Search for World Class Excellence.

Salmi, Jamil and Saroyan, Alenoush 2007 “League Tables asPolicy Instruments: Uses and Misuses,”OECD Journal of Higher Education Management and Policy

Briller, Vladimir and Iskakova, Shnara 2004 “University Ranking in Central Asia,” pp. 257 – 75 in Heyneman, S.P. and De Young, Alan (eds.) The Challenge of Education in Central Asia. Greenwich (Conn.): Information Age Publishing.

Salmi, Jamil 2009 The Challenge of Establishing World Class Universities. Washington D.C.: The World Bank. Executive summary and Appendix D, “Key Characteristics of World Class Universities,” p. 81.

Borghans, L. & Corvers, F. (2009) The Americanization of European Higher Education and Research. Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper number 15217.

Heyneman, S.P. (2012) Review of Ben Wildavsky The Great Brain Race: How Global Universities are Reshaping the World in The Review of Higher Education (Winter) 2012 (forthcoming)

Van der Werf, M. & Sabatier, G. (2009 June). The College of 2020: Students. Chronicle Research Services. The Chronicle of Higher Education, Washington, D.C.

Heyneman, S.P. and Lee, Jeongwoo (2012) “World Class Universities: the Sector Requirments” (early draft).

October 12th. Higher Education and the World Bank[2]

To understand this story, students should read these materials in the order in which they are listed here.

Psacharopoulos, George, Tan, J.P. and Jiminez, Emmanual 1986 Financing Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options, Washington DC: World Bank.

Psacharopoulos, George 1994 Returns to investment in education: A global update,” World Development Vol. 22 No. 9 pp. 1325 – 1343.

World Bank 1994 Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience Washington DC: World Bank

World Bank 1995 Priorities and Strategies for Education. Washington D.C: World Bank

Heyneman, S.P. 1995 Economics of Education: Disappointments and Potential,” UNESCO Prospects XXV No. 4 pp. 559 – 583.

Bennell, Paul 1996 “Using and Abusing the Rates of Return: A Critique of the World Bank,” International Journal of Educational Development Vol.16 No. 3 pp. 235 – 48

World Bank 1998 Staff Appraisal Report Republic of Hungary Higher Education Reform Project Report No. 16536 – HU Washington D.C.: The World Bank. Pp. 7 – 22; 46 – 50

Task Force on Higher Education and Society 2000 Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise. Washington D.C. World Bank

Heyneman, S.P. 2003 “The History and Problems of Making Education Policy at the World Bank, 1960 – 2000,” International Journal of Educational Development Vol. 23 pp. 315 – 37.

World Bank 2002 Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education. Washington D.C.: The World Bank

Task Force on Higher Education and Society 2004 “Moderated Discussion: The Task Force on Higher Education and Society, Comparative Education Review Vol. 48 No. 1 pp.l 70 – 88.

Heyneman, S.P. 2011 “World Bank Policy Paper of 2011: A Brief Comment,” CIES Perspectives May-June, 2011, pp. 10-11.

October 19th.

Higher Education in the Europe and Central Asia Region

Heyneman, S.P. 1994 Education in the Europe and Central Asia Region: Policies of Adjustment and Excellence Washington, DC, World Bank.

-------------------- 1997 “Education and Social Stabilization in Russia,” Compare 27 (No. 1) pp. 5 - 18.

------------------- 2005 “Post Graduate Training and Research on Higher Education in Kazakhstan,” Higher Education in Kazakhstan Vol. 3 pp. 27 – 34.

--------------------- 1998 “Transition from Party/State to Open Democracy: The Role of Education.” International Journal of Educational Development 18, no 1, pp. 21-40.

--------------------- 2010 “Comment on the Changes in Higher Education in the Post-Soviet Union,” 2010 European Education Vol. 42 No. 1 (Spring), pp. 76 – 87.

McLendon, Michael K. 2004 “Straddling Market and State: Higher Education Governance and Finance Reform in Kazakhstan,” pp. 275 – 295 in Heyneman, S.P. and DeYoung, Alan (eds.) The Challenge of Education in Central Asia Greenwich (Conn.): Informational Age Publishing.

Bain, O. 2010 “Education after the fall of the Berlin Wall: The end of history or the beginning of histories?” In Wiseman, A. W. & I. Silova (Eds.), Post-socialist

transformations in education worldwide, vol. 12. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group

Publishing Ltd.

October 26th. Higher Education and Corruption

Heyneman, S.P., Anderson, K. A. and Nuraliyeva, Nazym 2008 “The Cost of Corruption in Higher Education,” Comparative Education Review Vol. 51 No. 2 pp. 1- 25.

----------------- 2007 “Three Universities in Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: the Struggle Against Corruption and For Social Cohesion” UNESCO Prospects No. 3 (September), pp. 305 – 318.

----------------- 2004 “Education and Corruption,” International Journal of Education Development Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 638 – 48.

Bakari, Salihu and Leach, Fiona 2009 “I invited her to my Office’: Normalizing Sexual Violence in a Nigerian College of Education,” pp. 9 – 23 in Heyneman, S.P. (ed.) Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Mc Cormac, Dennis 2009 “Corruption in Vietnamese Higher Education,” pp. 75 – 79 in Heyneman, S.P. (ed.) Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Bergan, Sjur 2009 “The European Higher Education Area as an Instrument of Transparency?” pp. 121 – 135 in Heyneman, S.P. (ed.) Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Sahlberg, Pasi 2009 “The Role of International Organizations in Fighting Education Corruption,” pp. 135 – 155 in Heyneman, S.P. (ed.) Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Heyneman, S.P. 2010 “The Concern with corruption of ethnics in higher education,” pp. 13-27 in Tricia Bertram Gallant (Ed.) Creating the Ethical Academy: A Systems Approach to Understanding Misconduct and Empowering Change New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Heyneman, S.P. 2011 “The Corruption of Ethics in Higher Education,” International Higher Education No. 62 (Winter), pp. 8-9.

Mungiu-Pippidi, A. & Dusu, A. E. (2011). Civil Society and control of corruption: Assessing governance of Romanian public universities. International Journal of Education Development, 31, 532-46.

November 2nd. International Trade in Higher Education

Tilak, Jandhyala B.G. (2008). Higher Education: A Public Good or a Commodity for Trade? UNESCO Prospects, 38, 449–66.

Ascher, B. 2001 Education and Training Services in International Trade Agreements. Remarks Prepared for the conference on Higher Education and Training in the Global Marketplace: Exporting Issues and Trade Agreements. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Commerce (May 10th).

Varghese, N.V. 2007 GATS and Higher Education: The Need for Regulatory Policies Paris: International Institute of Education Planning.

------------------- n.d.. “GATS and Transnational Mobility in Higher Education” pp. 17 – 27 in Rajika Bhandari and Laghlin, Shepherd (eds.) Higher Education on the Move: New Developments in Global Mobility New York: The Institute of International Education and the American Institute of Foreign Studies.

Currie, J. and Vidovich, L. 2000 Privatization and Competition Policies for Australian Universities,” International Journal of Educational Development Vol. 20 No. 2 pp. 135 – 153.

Altbach, Philip G. “Higher Education and the WTO: Globalization Run Amok,” pp. 23 – 29 in Altbach Philip (ed.) International Higher Education: Reflections on Policy and Practice. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Heyneman, S.P. 2001 “The Growing International Commercial Market for Educational Goods and Services,” International Journal of Educational Development Vol. 21 pp. 345 – 359.

Payne, Brandon 2008 “Compulsion, Craft or Commodity” Education Services Trade in the Larger Context,” Peabody Journal of Education Vol. 83 No. 1 pp. 133 – 53.

Heyneman S.P. 2007 “International Trade in Higher Education: What Should India Do?” India Economic Review Vol. 4 No. 4 (December), pp. 86 – 93

-------------------- 2006 “Global Issues in Higher Education” eJournal USA Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of State. .

Heyneman, S.P. (2011). International Trade in Education: Threat or Benefit? Lifelong Learning in Europe, 26 (1), 14-18.

Hatakenaka, S. (2009). Higher Education in Innovation and Economic Development. International Higher Education, 56 (Summer), 2-3.

November 9th. Paper Topic Presentations

November 16th. Higher Education and Social Cohesion (Guest instructor: Brian Heuser)

Bastedo, Michael N. 2007 “Re-Thinking Governance from the Bottom Up: The Case of Muslim Students in Dutch Universities,” UNESCO Prospects XXXVII No. 3 (September), pp. 319 – 332.

Moiseyenko, Olena 2005 “Education and Social Cohesion: Higher Education,” Peabody Journal of Education Vol. 80 No. 4 pp. 89-104

Heuser, Brian L. 2007 “Academic Social Cohesion within Higher Education,” UNESCO Prospects XXXVII No. 3 (September), pp. 293-303.

Heyneman, S.P. 2009 “Moral Standards and the Professor: A Study of Faculty at Universities in Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan” in Heyneman, S.P. (ed). Buying Your Way into Heaven: Education and Corruption in International Perspective Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

Kraince, Richard G. 2007 “Islamic Higher Education and Social Cohesion in Indonesia,” UNESCO Prospects XXXVII No. 3 (September), pp. 345-56.

Lesko, Nancy 2007 “University Teaching and Social Cohesion in the age of HIV/AIDS: A South African Case Study,” UNESCO Prospects XXXVII No. 3 (September), pp. 333-44.

November 23rd. (Thanksgiving)

December 30th. Paper Topic Presentations

December 7th. Paper Topic Presentations

December 8th – 12th Final Exam

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[1] Those students whose presentation falls on November 9th should hand their papers in on November 30th Students whose presentation is on November 30th should hand them in on December 7th. Students whose presentation is on December 7th should hand their papers in on December 12th.

[2] Students are expected to only skim World Bank policy papers. They are not expected to know their detail; they are expected to understand their political objectives.

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