Articles of Confederation



Articles of Confederation

1. Under the Articles of Confederation, who had more power – the states or the federal government? Why did the Americans set their government up this way?

2. According to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, what were the steps involved in a territory being annexed (becoming a state)?

3. Draw a U.S. map & label the area of the Northwest Territory.

4. Was slavery permitted in the Northwest Territories?

5. Under the A of C, could the national government tax? What were some problems the country faced under the A of C?

6. Why did Daniel Shays attack the federal arsenal in MA with 1,200 men in 1787?

Constitutional Convention (questions & definitions)

7. How did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention settle the issue of counting slaves for representation?

8. Proposal that representation in both houses of Congress be based on population ~

9. Resolution to the conflict between large & small states ~

10. The Great Compromise refers to the agreement between ~

11. Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose ratification of the U.S. Constitution? What did they want?

12. Why did Hamilton, Madison & Jay write the Federalists Papers

13. Which of the following statements accurately describes an argument of the Anti-Federalists?

The president's powers were too limited

The Constitution failed to provide for a Supreme Court

The Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

States' rights were strong enough to limit the central government

Constitution:

A. Executive Branch/President B. Senate C. House of Representatives

D. Congress E. Judicial Branch/Supreme Court

14. Based on population. 22. Power to nominate Olivia Williams as ambassador to France

15. Power to declare war on Canada 23. Power to approve appt. of Sam Myers as a Supreme Court justice

16. Holds office for good behavior 24. Power to declare a law banning search warrants unconstitutional

17. Power to veto a law 25. Power to amend the constitution

18. Power to review/interpret laws 26. Commander-in-Chief of armed forces

19. Two per state 27. Four year term of office

20. Six year term of office 28. Power to override a veto with a 2/3 majority

21. Checks a presidential veto 29. Checks an unconstitutional law

30. What is the procedure to amend the constitution?

Principles of the Constitution

31. Why were the principles of the Constitution included?

32. The principle of federalism is based on powers shared between ~

33. Popular sovereignty means ~

Concurrent, Delegated or Reserved?

34. Build roads & prisons

35. Regulate intrastate trade

36. Make laws related to the immigration process

37. Voting and election procedures

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38. What would be the best title for the diagram above?

The Policy of Mercantilism The Importance of the Divine Right of Kings

A Plan for Representative Government Constitutional Monarchy in the United States

Define:

39. Cabinet 41. Amend 43. Veto

40. Ratify 42. Impeach

Bill of Rights ~ which amendment?

44. Protects private property from being taken w/out compensation

45. Protects rights that aren't enumerated

46. Protects right to petition

47. Those powers not granted to federal government are reserved for the states

48. Guarantees that "life, liberty & property" can't be taken away without due process

49. Protects from unreasonable search and seizure

50. Right to a speedy, fair trial by a jury of your peers in civil cases

51. Protects from cruel & unusual punishment and excessive fines or bail

52. Which statement best summarizes the ideas expressed in Franklin's quote?

The government can make treaties with other nations.

Citizens can impeach government officials.

Citizens must be allowed to discuss ideas with one another.

The government must inform the people of its laws.

53. What are the 5 freedoms in the first amendment?

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54. The provisions made in this excerpt were intended to address which of the following grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence?

“For imposing taxes on us without our consent . . . ”

“For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us . . . ”

“For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses . . . ”

“For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world . . . ”

55. The Founding Fathers protected freedom of the press in the Bill of Rights because they —

Wanted to secure the authority of the federal government over the states

Hoped that the government would publish a national newspaper

Hoped that the government would establish public libraries

Wanted the government to remain open and accountable to the people

True or False & which amendment?

56. Each state is responsible for making the laws about the death penalty in their state.

57. A person can email their congressman about a problem they're having.

58. Violence is out of control in Houston so the local government makes it illegal to own a weapon of any kind.

59. What does due process mean?

60. Which branch of government interprets the Bill of Rights?

61. Frank Valdez yells, “FIRE” in a crowded theater even though there is no fire. Is he protected by the Bill of Rights? Why or why not?

…Here is a resolution as radical as that which separated us from Great Britain. It is radical in this transition; our rights and priviledges are endangered, and the sovereignty of the states will be relinquished…The rights of conscience, trial by jury, liberty of the press…are rendered insecure. ~ Patrick Henry, 1788, excerpt from the VA Ratification Convention

62. Was Patrick Henry a Federalist or Anti-Federalists?

We the people of the United States, in Order to forma more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America. ~ Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

63. According to the Preamble, what is the origin (source) of political power?

64. What principle does this reflect?

65. How many branches of government existed under the Articles?

B. How many exist under the Constitution?

66. What changes introduced in the Constitution indicated that the new government will be more powerful than under the Articles of Confederation?

Old stuff: Southern Colonies Middle Colonies New England Colonies

67. Prosperous seaports (Philadelphia & New York City)

68. Grew grain/food for the colonies

69. Which of these was a factor that led to the development of plantation agriculture in the South?

Canals carried crops to western markets.

The climate allowed planters to raise profitable cash crops.

Tariffs permitted planters to make a greater profit.

The federal government paid a bonus to cotton producers.

70. Put the following in the correct sequential order:

Articles of Confederation Constitution House of Burgesses

Bill of Rights Declaration of Independence

STAAR practice questions:

71. Which excerpt from the Constitution expresses the principle of federalism?

“All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States. . . .”

“The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour. . . .”

“The powers not delegated to the United States . . . are reserved to the States respectively. . . .”

“The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate. . . .”

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof. . . .

—Article V of the U.S. Constitution

72. Article V, excerpted above, is included in the U.S. Constitution to allow for the —

Resolution of conflicts through the judicial system Adaptation of laws to reflect changes in society

Validation of elections by a national authority Revision of laws by the executive branch

A writ of habeas corpus requires an official to bring a prisoner before a civil court to justify the prisoner’s arrest. President Abraham Lincoln authorized the suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War.

Ex parte Merryman

In 1861, John Merryman, a citizen of Maryland, was imprisoned by military order and held without trial. He challenged the power of the president to suspend habeas corpus.

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney reviewed the case and decided that only Congress had the power to suspend habeas corpus.

President Lincoln and his administration continued to suspend habeas corpus throughout the Civil War.

73. By ignoring Chief Justice Taney’s ruling, President Lincoln ~

Exercised a constitutional check on judicial power Disregarded the principle of judicial review

Upheld the concept of federalism Invoked the principle of separation of powers

"[I]t is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted [made up of] that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. ~ James Madison, 1788, excerpt from Federalist No. 51

74. What principle of government is reflected in the excerpt above?

No freeman shall be seized, imprisoned…or in any way destroyed; nor will we [the king] proceed against or prosecute him except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. ~ Magna Carta, 1215

75. Which democratic principle is based on the excerpt above?

Right to bear arms Freedom of the press

Freedom of speech Right to a trial by jury

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"Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom; and no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech."

~ B. Franklin, 1722

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