Relationalism: An Introduction



INTS 4903Jack DonnellyThe Social Construction of International SocietySpring 2020 This course examines recent theoretical work in the field of international relations that treats international society and its practices as social constructs. In particular, we look at “relational” approaches, including systems, practices, fields, networks, and assemblages, with a roughly equal emphasis on theoretical perspectives and IR applications.The course is open to all students with some background in international relations theory (INTS 4900 or its equivalent).? It is, however, highly theoretical and thus not likely to be of interest to most MA students. (This is not meant to scare you, but simply to assure that you know what you are getting into. MA students who take the course typically do just as well as PhD students.) Grades will be based principally on a research paper on a topic of your choice (which need have no connection to the substance of the course). Class participation (quality not quantity) will also be taken into account in assigning a final grade. Relationalism: An IntroductionEmirbayer, Mustafa. 1997. “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 103 (2):281-317.Crossley, Nick. 2011. Towards Relational Sociology, ch. 2. Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus and Daniel H. Nexon. 1999. “Relations Before States: Substance, Process and the Study of World Politics.” European Journal of International Relations 5 (3):291-332. [If this gets heavy in the middle, feel free to move on.]McCourt, David M. 2016. “Practice Theory and Relationalism as the New Constructivism.” International Studies Quarterly 60 (3):475-485.Powell, Christopher. 2013. “Radical Relationism: A Proposal.” In Conceptualizing Relational Sociology: Ontological and Theoretical Issues, edited by Christopher Powell and Fran?ois Dépelteau. [If this is not your taste, move on.]Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus and Daniel H. Nexon. 2019. “Reclaiming the Social: Relationalism in Anglophone International Studies.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 32 (5):582-600.Rescher, Nicholas. 1996. Process Metaphysics: An Introduction to Process Philosophy, ch. 2. [Do try this. It is nowhere near as bad as it might seem from the title.]Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus and Daniel H. Nexon. 2013. “International Theory in a Post-Paradigmatic Era: From Substantive Wagers to Scientific Ontologies.” European Journal of International Relations 19 (3):543-565.Adler-Nissen, Rebecca. 2015. “Relationalism or Why Dipolomats Find International Relations Theory Strange.” In Ole Jacob Sending, Vincent Pouliot, and Iver B. Neumann, eds. Diplomacy and the Making of World Politics.Rescher, Nicholas. 2000. Process Philosophy: A Survey of Basic Issues, ch. 1, 2, 4.Systems, Complexity, and EmergenceJervis, Robert. 1997. System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life, ch. 1-2.Humphreys, Paul. 2016, Emergence, pp. xv-xx, 1-8, 26-28, 35, 38-43, 45-49, 50-55.Donnelly, Jack. 2019. “Systems, Levels, and Structural Theory: Waltz’s Theory is Not a Systemic Theory (and Why that Matters for International Relations Today).” European Journal of International Relations 25 (3):904-930. Bunge, Mario. 2000. “Systemism: The Alternative to Individualism and Holism.” The Journal of Socio-Economics 29 (2):147-157. (If this seems redundant, skim it.)Holland, John H. 2014. Complexity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press OR Miller, John H. and Scott E. Page. 2007. Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life, ch. 2-4.Flood, Robert F. and Ewart R. Carson, 1993. Dealing with Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science, pp. 7-21 OR Andreas Pickel. 2011. “Systems Theory.” In The SAGE Handbook of The Philosophy of Social Sciences, edited by Ian C. Jarvie and Jesús Zamora-Bonilla. London: Sage Publications.Padgett, John F. and Walter W. Powell. 2012. “The Problem of Emergence.” In The Emergence of Organizations and Markets, edited by John F Padgett and Walter D. Powell. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Wagner, Maren. 2016. Social Emergence in International Relations: Institutional Dynamics in East Asia: Ch. 3. Bousquet, Antoine and Simon Curtis. 2011. “Beyond Models and Meatphors: Complexity Theory, Systems Thinking, and International Relations.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 21 (1):43-62. Gadinger, Frank and Dirk Peters. 2016. “Feedback Loops in a World of Complexity: A Cybernetic Approach at the Interface of Foreign Policy Analysis and International Relations Theory.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29 (1):251-269.Niklas Luhmann. 2012 [1997]. Theory of Society, vol. 1, §§1.4-1.6, 1.9, 1.10.Elder-Vass, Dave. 2007. “For Emergence: Refining Archer’s Account of Social Structure.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 37 (1):25-44.Sawyer, R. Keith. 2005. Social Emergence: Societies as Complex Systems.Kyriakos Kontopolous. 1993. The Logics of Social Structures.Assemblages and Levels of Organization*DeLanda, Manuel. 2016. Assemblage Theory, pp. 1-3, ch. 1 (focusing on pp. 9-26, 31, para. beginning at the bottom of 37, 47-48), ch. 3.*Markus I. Eronen and Daniel Stephen Brooks. 2018. “Levels of Organization in Biology.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta. , William C. 2007. Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality. Ch. 9, 10, 12. [Do the best you can. At least start each chapter]*Abrahamsen, Rita and Michael C. Williams. 2009. “Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics.” International Political Sociology 3:1-17. *Sassen, Saskia. 2008 [2006]. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages, ch. 1, 7-9. Bueger, Christian. 2018. “Territory, Authority, Expertise: Global Governance and the Counter-Piracy Assemblage.” European Journal of International Relations 24 (3): 614-637.Dittmer, Jason. 2015. “Everyday Diplomacy: UK-USA Intelligence Cooperation and Geopolitical Assemblages.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105 (3):604-619. Doucet, Marc G. 2016. “Global Assemblages of Security Governance and Contemporary International Intervention.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 10 (1):116-132. Schouten, Peer. 2014. “Security as Controversy: Reassembling Security at Amsterdam Airport.” Security Dialogue 45 (1):23-42. Eriksson, Kai. 2005. “Foucault, Deleuze, and the ontology of networks.” The European Legacy 10:595–610. Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DeLanda, Manuel. 2006. A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity. Harman, Graham. 2008. “De Landa’s Ontology: Assemblage and Realism.” Continental Philosophy Review 41:367Bueger, Christian. 2014. “Thinking Assemblages Methodologically: Some Rules of Thumb.” In Reassembling International Theory: Assemblage Thinking and International Relations, edited by Michele Acuto and Simon Curtis. Bachmann, Jan, Colleen Bell, and Caroline Holmqvist. 2015. War, Police and Assemblages of Intervention. Müller, Martin and Carolin Schurr. 2016. “Assemblage thinking and actor-network theory: conjunctions, disjunctions, cross-fertilisations.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 41:217-229. Dittmer, Jason. 2014. “Geopolitical Assemblages and Complexity.” Progress in Human Geography 38 (3):385–401. Gould, Alex. 2015. “Global Assemblages and Counter-Piracy: Public and Private in Maritime Policing.” Policing and Society 27 (4):408-418. Haggerty, Kevin D. and Richard V. Ericson. 2000. “The Surveillant Assemblage.” British Journal of Sociology 51 (4):605–22. Fields I: Theoretical PerspectivesPiere Bourdieu and Lo?c J. D. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Pp. 15-26, 94-115, 228-232.John Levi Martin, 2011. The Explanation of Social Action, ch. 7-8 OR Martin 2003. “What is Field Theory?” American Journal of Sociology 109(1):1-49. Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam. 2012. A Theory of Fields, pp. 8-22 and chapters 3 and 7.Emily Barman. 2016. “Varieties of Field Theory and the Sociology of the Non-Profit Sector.” Sociology Compass 10 (6):442-458. [focus on Table 1 and pp. 445-452]Pieer Bourdieu and Lo?c J. D. Wacquant. 1993. “From Ruling Class to Field of Power: An Interview with Pierre Bourdieu on La noblesse d’?tat.” Theory, Culture and Society 10 (1):19-44. Pierre Bourdieu. 1994. “Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field.” Sociologial Theory 12 (1):1-18. Lo?c J. D. Wacquant. 1993. “On the Tracks of Symbolic Power: Notes to Bourdieu’s ‘State Nobility.’” Theory, Culture and Society 10 (1):1-17. Pierre Bourdieu. 1984 [1979]. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Part II.Pierre Bourdieu. 1996 [1989]. The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Prologue, Part I, Part II §1, pp. 131-142, Parts IV, V.Piere Bourdieu, 2014 [2012]. On the State. Pp. 162-222.Fields II: IR ApplicationsRead several pieces, based on you interest, but be sure to include the three starred casesMore theory focused:Guzzini, Stefano. 2013. “Power: Bourdieu’s Field Analysis of Relational Capital, Misrecognition, and Domination.” In Rebecca Adler-Nissen, ed. Bourdieu in International Relations. Schmitz, Andreas, Daniel Witte, and Vincent Gengnagel. 2017. “Pluralizing Field Analysis: Toward a Relational Understanding of the Field of Power.” Social Science Information 56 (1): 49-73.DiMaggio, Paul and Walter W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphisms and Collective Rationality in Organizations.” American Sociological Review 48:147-160. More case focused:*Steinmetz, George. 2008. “The Colonial State as a Social Field: Ethnographic Capital and Native Policy in the German Overseas Empire before 1914.” American Sociological Review 73 (4):589-612. *Dixon, Peter and Chris Tenove. 2013. “International Criminal Justice as a Transnational Field: Rules, Authority and Victims.” International Journal of Transnational Justice 7 (3):393-412. *Go, Julian. 2008. “Global Fields and Imperial Forms: Field Theory and the British and American Empires.” Sociological Theory 26 (3):201-229.Lim, Alwyn. forthcoming. "Global Fields, Institutional Emergence, and the Regulation of Transnational Corporations." Social Forces. 10.1093/sf/soaa038Mégret, Frédéric. 2016. “International Criminal Justice as a Juridical Field.” Champ pénal/Penal field 13. doi: 10.4000/champpenal.9284. Adler-Nissen, Rebecca. 2013. “Sovereignty: The State’s Symbolic Power and Transnational Fields.” In Rebecca Adler-Nissen, ed. Bourdieu in International Relations. Berling, Rine Villumsen. 2012. “Bourdieu, International Relations, and European Security.” Theory and Society 41 (5):451-478. Nexon, Daniel H. and Iver B. Neumann. 2018. “Hegemonic-Order Theory: A Field-Theoretic Account.” European Journal of International Relations 24 (3);662-686Niilo Kauppi and Mikael Rask Madsen, eds. 2013. Transnational Power Elites: The New Professionals of Governance, Law and Security.Lisa Stampnitzky. 2013. Disciplining Terror: How Experts Invented ‘Terrorism.’ Yves Dezalay and Bryant G. Garth. 2002. The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States.Trine Villumsen Berling. 2015. The International Political Sociology of Security: Rethinking Theory and Practice.Jeremy F. Lane. 2006. Bourdieu’s Politics: Problems and Possibilities, ch. 3, works I: Social Network AnalysisPowell, Walter W. 1990. “Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization.” Research in Organizational Behavior 12:295-336.Crossley, Nick. 2011. Towards Relational Sociology, ch. 9, 10 OR Crossley, Nick. 2016. “Social Networks and Relational Sociology.” In Handbook of Contemporary Sociological Theory, edited by Seth Abrutyn.Alexandra Marin and Barry Wellman. 2011. “Social Network Analysis: An Introduction.” In The Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by John Scott and Peter J. Carrington. Charles Kadushin. 2012. Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. Ch. 1-4, 6, 8-10, 12.Harrison White. 2008. Identity and Control: How Social Formations Emerge. 2nd ed. Ch.1-3, 8.Anuska Ferligoj, Patrick Doreian, and Vladimir Batagelj. 2011. “Positions and Roles.” In The Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by John Scott and Peter J. Carrington.Kyriakos Kontopolous. 1993. The Logics of Social Structures, ch. 11. Edward L. Lick, et al. 2011. “A Multiple-Network Model of the World System of Nations, 1995-1999.” In The Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by John Scott and Peter J. Carrington. Michael D. ADDIN EN.REFLIST Ward, Katherine Stovel, and Audrey Saks. 2011. “Network Analysis and Political Science.” Annual Review of Political Science no. 14:245-264.Bellotti, Elisa. 2015. Qualitative Networks: Mixed Methods in Sociological Research.Donati, Pierpaolo. 2013. “Morphogenesis and Social Networks: Relational Steering Not Mechanical Feedback.” In Social Morphogenesis, edited by Margaret S. Archer. Networks II: ApplicationsGranovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (6):1360-1380. Padgett, John F. and Christopher K. Ansell. 1993. “Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434.” American Journal of Sociology 98 (6):1259-1319. Erikson, Emily and Nicholas Occhiuto. 2017. “Social Networks and Macrosocial Change.” Annual Review of Sociology 43:229-248. Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Miles Kahler, and Alexander H. Montgomery. 2009. “Network Analysis for International Relations.” International Organization 63 (3):559-592. Then read, as your taste and time indicate, from the following (listed alphabetically):Andia, Tatiana and Nitsan Chorev. 2017. “Making Knowledge Legitimate: Transnational Advocacy Networks' Campaigns against Tobacco, Infant Formula and Pharmaceuticals.” Global Networks 17 (2):255-280. Avant, Deborah and Oliver Westerwinter, eds. 2016. The New Power Politics: Networks and Transnational Security Governance.Borzel, Tanja A. and Karen Heard-Lauréote. 2009. “Networks in EU Multi-level Governance.” Journal of Public Policy 29 (2):135-151. Carpenter, Charli. 2011. “Vetting the Advocacy Agenda: Network Centrality and the Paradox of Weapons Norms.” International Organization 65 (1):69–102.Davidson, Michael W., Dotan A. Haim, and Jennifer M. Radin. 2015. “Using Networks to Combine ‘Big Data’ and Traditional Surveillance to Improve Influenza Predictions.” Scientific reports 5:8154. , Mette. 2014. “Network Theory and Security Governance.” In Handbook of Governance and Security, edited by James Sperling. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Goddard, Stacie E. 2009. “Brokering Change: Networks and Entrepreneurs in International Politics.” International Theory 1 (2):249-281.Goddard, Stacie. 2012. “Brokering Peace: Networks, Legitimacy, and the Northern Ireland Peace Process.” International Studies Quarterly 56 (3): 501–15.Haim, Dotan A. 2016. “Alliance Networks and Trade.” Journal of Peace Research 53 (3):472-490. Legg, Stephen. 2009. “Of Scales, Networks and Assemblages: The League of Nations Apparatus and the Scalar Sovereignty of the Government of India.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34:234–53. Macdonald, Paul K. 2017. “Embedded Authority: A Relational Networks Approach to Hierarchy in World Politics.” Review of International Studies 44 (1):128-150. (This is IR theory, not a case.)Montgomery, Alexander H. 2016. “Centrality in Transnational Governance: How Networks of International Institutions Shape Power Processes.” In Avant and Westerwinter. Mueller, Milton, Andreas Schmidt, and Brenden Kuerbis. 2013. “Internet Security and Networked Governance in International Relations.” International Studies Review 15 (1):86-104. Oatley, Thomas, et al. 2013. “The Political Economy of Global Finance: A Network Model.” Perspectives on Politics 11 (1):133-153.MacDonald, Paul K. 2014. Networks of Domination: The Social Foundations of Peripheral Conquest in International Politics. Miles Kahler, ed. 2009. Networked Politics: Agency, Power, and Governance. Zeev Maoz. 2011. Networks of Nations: The Evolution, Structure, and Impact of International Networks. Ch. 1-3, 5, 12.Practices*Vincent Pouliot and Frédéric Mérand. 2013. “Bourdieu’s Concepts.” In Rebecca Adler-Nissen, Bourdieu in International Relations. *Emanuel Adler and Vincent Pouliot. 2011. “International Practices.” International Theory 3 (1): 1-36.*Friedrich Kratochwil. 2011. “Making Sense of International Practices.” In Emmanuel Adler and Vincent Pouliot, eds. International Practices. Sylvia Lechner and Mervyn Frost. 2018. Practice Theory and International Relations, ch. 2-3.Jorg Kustermans. 2016. “Parsing the Practice Turn: Practice, Practical Knowledge, Practices,”?Millennium?44 (2):175-196.Then decide how much, if any, Bourdieu you want to readPierre Bourdieu, The Logic of Practice, ch. 3-9. Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice, pp. 1-30, 72-87, 96-97, 98-107 [skim if it is not your taste], 109-120, 159-166, 183-197.Then look at, as your interests indicateJanice Gross Stein. 2011. “Background Knowledge in the Foreground: Conversations about Competent Practice in ‘Sacred Space.’” In Emmanuel Adler and Vincent Pouliot, eds. International Practices. Jeppe Mulich. 2018. “Transformation at the Margins: Imperial Expansion and Systemic Change in World Politics.” Review of International Studies: preprint. 1-23. [combines network and practice perspectives]Bueger, Christian. 2016. “Doing Europe: Agency and the European Union in the Field of Counter-Piracy Practice.” European Security 25 (4):407-422.Iver B. Neumann. 2002. “Returning Practice to the Linguistic Turn: The Case of Diplomacy.” Millennium 31 (3):627-651.Iver B. Neumann. 2005. “To Be a Diplomat.” International Studies Perspectives 6:72-93.Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr Cetina, and Eike von Savigny, The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, Vincent Pouliot, International Security in Practice. The Emergence of Organizations and Markets (I)Padgett, John F. and Walter W. Powell, eds. 2012. The Emergence of Organizations and Markets, ch. 1 (skim), 2 (read carefully as far as you can), 5 or 6 (if you have no strong preference, read 6), and Coda (make sure you get to it, although you don’t need to read it all that carefully). (Alternatively, if you really liked chapter 2, try chapter 4.)10. The Emergence of Organizations and Markets (II)Padgett, John F. and Walter W. Powell, eds. 2012. The Emergence of Organizations and Markets. There at three more sets of chapters: two non-Florence state formation chapters (7 and 8), four communist transition chapters (9-12), and six chapters on the intersection of capitalism and science (13-18). Read three chapters for this final week of the quarter. They can be either within a single set (if you do state formation, go back to the one you skipped) or across sections (either one-one-one or two-one). I would encourage most of you to include chapters 9 and 13 in your set. But what is most important is that you read carefully. And then go back over the Introduction. ................
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