Ucbaenglishcomphome.files.wordpress.com



Paul A. BarnardBrian Bailie, PH.DEnglish Comp6/10/2019Annotated Bibliography Rough DraftBurning Glass Labor Insights. “How to Calculate Degree Gap.”?Grads of Life, 2015, blogs-images.gradsoflife/files/2017/10/Dismissed-by-Degrees-Figure3-1200x538.jpg?width=960.This infographic shows how the degree gap is calculated by using production supervisors as an example. The degree gap is used to measure the difference between the number of job postings that require a degree versus the number of workers who work in that position who do not have a degree. The higher the percentage the higher the gap, and therefore the hardest hit by degree inflation.The information comes from Burning Glass Insights, but it is difficult to know where it originated, either Forbes or Grads of life. It is useful none the less.Giving the information on how to calculate the degree gap and therefore its affect on degree inflation is useful information to have for the paper. It allows me to show that the increased call for higher education and the need for free college education is caused by the degree inflation caused by employers.Lanahan, Lawrence. “What If We Hired for Skills, Not Degrees?”?The Hechinger Report, 4 May 2019, what-if-we-hired-for-skills-not-degrees/.Some organizations are pushing back against degree inflation. Even companies like Apple and Google have started to strip away the bachelor’s degree requirement. If it continues, it will not only help the individual but the economy as well. The cause for such degree inflation started during the Great Recession when the unemployment was so high. They were able to stock up on college graduates without have to pay the premium. Most companies use the bachelor’s degree as a proxy for soft skills acquired during their time at college. Having these degrees means that companies have to pay more for the same amount of productivity. Supply is low of bachelor’s degrees, making some companies to think more creatively. So they are starting to strip the bachelor’s degree requirements for positions like IT and web developing. Companies like Wayfarer are hiring more developers from bootcamps instead of universities, workforce organizations like Just-a-start help people train for medium skill positions and reaches out to employers to encourage them to consider prospects that don’t have a 4-year degreeThis article also cites a source I used earlier, which brings more credibility to it. It uses a lot of anecdotal evidence to prove that it’s possible to turn the degree inflation around, but it will take a community and employers working together.There is a lot of information I can use in my research piece. I should be able to combine aspects from this article about job training with how Germany was able to make college tuition free.“NEW REPORT ON THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DEGREE INFLATION.”?Grads of Life, 2 Nov. 2017, uncategorized/new-report-harmful-effects-degree-inflation/.12 million Americans are unemployed or under employed, while 3 in 5 employers report difficulty filling medium skill positions. Reports show that 6 million jobs are at risk of degree inflation. This degree inflation not only hurts businesses, but also closes off career options for middle skilled Americans. This limits their access to reasonable standards of living. Employers started doing this to find higher quality talent. This costs employers a higher premium to employ with an increased turnover to match. The research found that 2/3 of employers agree that requiring a bachelor’s degree makes it harder to fill. 3/5 of them reject qualified middle skilled prospects in favor of college graduates. “Degree inflation is corrosive to U.S. competitiveness in two ways. It slams the door of opportunity in the face of Americans with the experience to do a job or the aptitude to grow into it. It simultaneously makes it harder for American companies to find and retain affordable talent,” “Researchers from Harvard business school, Accenture and grads for life analyzed 26 million job postings and surveyed 600 businesses and HR leaders to propose these solutions”.This article has provided a lot of information and the research to back it up, making it a reliable source for me to use. It also had an infographic that I plan to incorporate into my research piece. It also offers a solution to be implemented by employers to help reduce degree inflation that I can refer back to later in my research argument.“Who Is imperiled by degree inflation?”?The Hechinger Report, 2019, wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PRESTON-Skills-Not-Degrees-1066x0-c-default.png.“Who is Imperiled by Degree Inflation” is a simple infographic which states the number of jobs affected by degree inflation separated by their specific fields such as manufacturing, Health care Etc.This infographic gets its information from Burning Glass Technologies which is an analytic software company that provide real time data on job growth. Harvard Business School analyzed data from the U.S Census Bureau; IPUMS-USA which collects and preserves U.S Census data, and the University of Minnesota.This is a useful infographic that I can use in my research paper by showing the middle class/ working class sector that are hit the hardest by degree inflation. This goes with my research that free college is the response to degree inflation.Cooper, Preston. “How Degree Inflation Weakens The Economy.”?Forbes, 8 Jan. 2018,? lower the unemployment rate the less choosy employers can be. With most employers requiring a degree for jobs that previously did not require them. It is hard to measure degree inflation, but Harvard tried by comparing those working the job now with no degree and job posting for the same position requiring the degree. Some employers now see college education less as a bonus and more of a requirement. The government has not helped, DC might require child care worker to have degree. The inflation makes it harder to fill positions, and those who do get hired with a degree expect a higher pay to match it. College graduates often have a higher turnover in these positions. This gives fewer opportunities to those without degrees. College has become a way to satisfy job requirements instead of building skills.This article was written by a research analysist for educational policy and published in the reputable magazine Forbes. This is another article that states that businesses are the bigger problem when it comes to degree inflation. If they were to hire based on job qualifications instead of having a degree to thin out perspective employees, they would be able to save money and retain employees longer. This would make degrees less of a requirement.This article has some data in it that I can use for my research paper it includes some actual numbers that will help me put some logical appeal into my paper. It also seems well researched which is a bonus.“UNI DOESN’T MAKE SENSE FOR US ALL.”?Australian?[National, Australia], 14 Nov. 2017, p. 12.?Opposing Viewpoints in Context,?. Accessed 4 June 2019.????????????Harvard estimates that that 6 million jobs are at risk of degree inflation. In Australia one third of graduates fill a position that does not need a degree. Job prospects for graduates four months after graduation has decreased by 15 percent. It has also decreased their salaries as well. Bachelor’s degrees have become insufficient, causing post graduate education to increase by 123 percent. This makes it easier for employers to hire graduates instead of high school graduates but the benefit to society is not apparent.????????????I think this is one of the most important articles I’ve found relating to my topic. It makes it apparent that higher education should not have to be a requirement for most jobs. The inflation created by employers drives up the demand for higher education leading to lower job prospects and overqualified employees.????????????While I had trouble finding articles that related to my research question, I believe this is the most helpful and I will probably draw on this the most. Seeing what is happening in other countries and learning from their experiences is very helpful for research.“How Germany Made Higher Education Free.”?Affordable Schools, germany-free-education/.As of 2011, US had 3rd highest annual tuition. In 2015, Germany got rid of tuition fees. They have the 4th largest GDP and only spend 25% on higher education yet the US spends almost 50 percent on higher education. Germany instituted a duel education system which trains and instructs students at vocational school for 356 different apprenticeships. This leads to lower demand for a college education along with less college students and people entering the workforce unskilled. Cutting out for profit schools would allow the US to offer free college. Germany is the largest country and economy to make college free, which makes it the easiest way to compare what would happen if the US followed behind.This website describes how Germany was able to offer free college for everyone and the simplest terms make it so college isn’t the only choice to be successful. With the way they do education, college isn’t necessary for everyone. Even though it’s free, only those who actually want to go to college need go to college.This site is important for the fact that it shows an alternative way to help the United States offer free education without raising taxes and this way could be used to reduce degree inflation by offering apprenticeships in these positions that used to not require a degree. It helps make it so that people that do end up with degrees are in a position that allows them to use their degree instead of wasting it.Lei, Wen. “This Economist Says ‘Degree Inflation’ Is Hurting the American Job Market.”?Innovation Hub, 15 Feb. 2019,? requirements make it harder to enter the work force and colleges do not teach enough technical skills. “Really most of what education is, is a passport to the world of real training. So, you go and spend all these years studying stuff that you don’t need to know, and that lets you go get a job that’ll teach you how to do the job.” A lot of college educators believe college isn’t about preparing students for a job. Most of what students learn in college goes to waste and is forgotten. If education is a waste of time and money, then why do college graduates earn much more than high school graduates? We often get degrees confused with skills. Encourage more vocational education.????????????This article is basically a short summary of the book “The Case Against Education: Why the Education System IS a Waste OF Time and Money” by Bryan Caplan. An economics professor at George Mason University.????????????While I have no intention of reading the book for my research paper, I believe this article would suffice. College degrees give students first choice of jobs. The more I researched, the less I found on free education causing degree inflation. Instead it seems to be on more due to businesses. I might have to modify my research question to adhere to the research I am finding.“Would Making College Tuition Free Lower the Value of a Bachelor’s Degree?”?Quora,? Gross is an assistant professor of computer science. There are 2 ways for free college education to devalue a degree, the degree commodified and perception of value decreases. Which are unlikely to happen. There is no true evidence that college graduates are unable to find work. Most who don’t apply for college, don’t see appeal of sitting in class for 4 more years. Society loses out on the potential.?“One hundred years ago, the goal of universal literacy was still relatively new. Look at how much our world has advanced since then. Saying that we need to limit education because we need ditchdiggers… I seem to recall Ebenezer Scrooge making a similar argument.”The purpose of this source is not for data or research but is for contexts having multiple people from with different backgrounds. Many people from professors to retired executives chime in on if free education would devalue a bachelor’s degree. This shows the arguments that came before and see the questions that come along with them.While this is good for context it does not do much to help me decide on a position. None of the people on here have credentials that scream listen to me over these other people. It is good to see a lot of different perspectives on the same question though.Hess, Frederick M., and Grant Addison. “Degree Inflation and Discrimination.”?Wall Street Journal, Apr 03, 2018. ProQuest,? inflation is when employers demand a baccalaureate degree for middle skill jobs that previously did not need one. Businesses reject those with the skills but lack of education. This causes qualified workers to miss out on jobs they have trained for. Employers fail to produce proof that degrees are necessary for position. Degrees inflation caused by employer convenience to thin out applicantsWhile this article does not refer to the effect of free education on degree inflation, it mentions that it’s not educations fault but that of the employers. Which is an interesting perspective. Based on this article, I think that free education would only further increase degree inflation, not because there are more degrees but because employers are going to continue to increase the requirements for positions that do not require degrees. Eventually one will need a masters for a job that would have only required a high school diploma 20 years ago??Bergeron, David A., and Carmel Martin. “Strengthening Our Economy Through College for All.”?How Valuable Is a College Degree?, edited by No?l Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2016. At Issue.?Opposing Viewpoints in Context,?. Accessed 4 June 2019. Originally published in?, vol. 1, 19 Feb. 2015.Our economy demands the increase of skills and knowledge provide by college. By 2020 65 percent of all jobs will require a degree.??College must become more affordable otherwise we will fail to meet short- and long-term economic goals.This article is about why free education in necessary for the prosperity of our economy and increase of national status.??It does not bring up degree inflation. Reading between the lines makes it seem degree inflation will not have much effect due to the increasing demand for college educated workers.I believe a more educated society could only improve not only our economy but our way of life. I think that it will lead to job growth in the long run. While there might be some degree inflation I think it would be very small and miniscule compared to what we have to gain from college for all.Sanders, Evan. “Free College Would Make Higher Education an Extension of High School.”?Washington Examiner, 8 Jan. 2018,? would become an extension of high school. Leading to over enrollment and degree inflation. There are 6 million open labor jobs which would be further ignored. It would increase vetting for positions and those who can’t get a job would be turned away from entry level jobs for be over qualified.Looking further into this article I found that it was written by a freshman in college making it a less credible source, but it was published in the Washington examiner, who has a good history of fact checking I’m sure they looked into it before publishing it.He believes that free college would make it an extension of High School, but I believe we are already passed that that point. More and more jobs require a degree that did not before, so providing free education would only fill the higher standard set forth by companies. Eventually a masters is going to be required for an entry level position? ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download