Полтавський інститут економіки і права Відкритого ...
Полтавський інститут економіки і права Відкритого міжнародного університету розвитку людини „Україна”
Полтавський державний педагогічний університет імені В.Г.Короленко
Лі Університет, Клівленд, ТН, США
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П Р О Г Р А М А
Четвертої Міжнародної наукової конференції
„АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ, МІЖНАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ ТА ВИВЧЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ”
20 травня 2008 р.
Полтава 2008
Poltava Economics and Law Institute of Open International “Ukraine” University
V.Korolenko State Pedagogical University of Poltava
Lee University, Cleveland, TN, USA
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Fourth International Conference
“TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION, TRANSLATION AND LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES”
May 20, 2008
P R O G R A M
Poltava 2008
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
(ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИЙ КОМІТЕТ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ)
СПІВГОЛОВИ:
Мучник Любов Михайлівна ─ член-кореспондент Української академії національного прогресу, ректор Полтавського інституту економіки і права ВМУРоЛ "Україна";
Пащенко Володимир Олександрович – академік, ректор Полтавського державного педагогічного університету імені В.Г. Короленка.
ЗАСТУПНИКИ:
Семергей Сергій Леонідович ─ к.філос.наук, доцент, проректор з науко-педагогічної роботи Полтавського інституту економіки і права ВМУРоЛ "Україна";
Лагно Віктор Іванович ─ доктор математичних наук, професор, проректор з наукової роботи Полтавського державного педагогічного університету імені В.Г.Короленка;
ЧЛЕНИ ОРГКОМІТЕТУ:
Глоба С.Н. ─ проректор з соціально-педагогічної роботи Полтавського інституту економіки і права;
Луньова Т.В. ─ канд.філол.наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри англійської філології Полтавського державного педагогічного університету імені В.Г.Короленка;
Данилюк Л.В. ─ канд.філол.наук, доцент кафедри англійської філології Полтавського державного педагогічного університету імені В.Г.Короленка;
Патрісія макКланг ─ доктор філологічних наук, Лі університету, Клівленд, (США).
Program of the Conference Порядок роботи конференції
May 20, 2008 20 травня 2008 року
| |1/27 Kotlyarevsky str., Economics and Law Institute, |вул. Котляревського 1/27, Полтавський Інститут |
| |Poltava |економіки і права ВМУРоЛ "Україна" |
|10.00-11.00 |Registration of the |Hall of the Economics and |Реєстрація учасників | |
| |Participants |Law Institute | | |
|11.00-12.30 |Opening of the Conference ,|Room 303 |Відкриття конференції, |Аудиторія 303 |
| | | |пленарне засідання | |
| |Panel Reports | | | |
|12.30-1.30 p.m. |Lunch-time | |Обід | |
|2.00-3.00 p.m. |Proceeding with the reports|Rooms 303, 311 |Продовження роботи в |Аудиторії 303, 311 |
| |at workshops | |секціях | |
|3.00-3.30 p.m. |Closing of the Conference |Room 303 |закриття конференції |Аудиторія 303 |
|4.00-6.30 p.m. |Farewell party |restaurant |Прощальна вечеря |ресторан |
|7.00-7.30 p.m. |Concert of Kalina Chorus in|Assembly Hall of |Концерт Полтавського хору |Актовий зал ПДПУ |
| |Pedagogical University |Pedagogical University |"Калина" | |
OPENING CEREMONY (ВІДКРИТТЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ)
11.00-11.30
Economics and Law Institute (ПІЕП)
(ауд. 303)
Greetings from:
Lubov Muchnik, Rector of Economics and Law Institute
Sergei Semergei, Ph.D, Rectors Deputy, Economics and Law Institute
Sergei Globa, Rectors Deputy, Students’ Dean, Economics and Law Institute
Alan McClung, Students’ Dean, Lee University (Cleveland), Tennessee, USA
PANEL SITTING (ПЛЕНАРНЕ ЗАСІДАННЯ)
11.30-12.00
Economics and Law Institute (ПІЕП)
(ауд. 303)
1. STEREOTYPES IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Lyudmyla Danylyuk, Ph.D (Korolenko Pedagogical University of Poltava)
Stereotype is a many-sided phenomenon which can be studied from psychological, physiological, sociological, linguistic and some other points of view. Language plays the decisive role in formation stereotypes, as the phrases which are many times heard and repeated, becomes cliché which are perceived by human's mind for granted automatically without much analyses. Language influence human beings' outlook greatly. It is the instrument of spreading stereotypes, which often occur to be prejudice against the other participant of the cross-cultural communication act and myth on the part of one's own personality or nation. On the language level one can distinguish a lot of different kinds of stereotypes which are barriers in cross-cultural communication. Though sometime stereotypes can play a positive role in generalization of notions and characters which can help accommodation to in a new cultural medium.
2. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION – THE WAY TO MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
Nadia Balandina, Ph.D. (Doctor), (Korolenko Pedagogical University of Poltava)
3. COLLEBORATION PROGRAMM, IT’S SIGNIFICANTS, BENEFITC AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Patricia McClung Ph.D., (Lee University)
Collaboration program between Lee University and Poltava educational establishments started 16 years ago. It started in 1992 by Doctor Cliff Shimmels and his wife Mary and Lyudmyla Danylyuk, who together made a Programm of Cultural exchange. Since that time, every year Lee University invites faculty and students from Poltava to visit Lee University and in return a teem of lee faculty and students come to Poltava to meet a new culture, to enrich their knowledge with European, and mostly , Ukrainian history and traditions. With every year the program was expending and developing. Now it covers not only Pedagogical Institute from which it started, but it is intensively and fruitfully working gat Economics and Law Institute, secondary school # 29, #3 and Regional center of English teachers rectification.
4. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES
Valentyna Ishchenko, Ph.D. (Candidate), Yulia Yalovetska, student (Poltava University of Consumer Cooperatives of Ukraine)
Culture is often at the root of communication challenges. Exploring historical experiences and the ways in which various cultural groups have related to each other is key to opening channels for cross-cultural communication. Becoming more aware of cultural differences, as well as exploring cultural similarities, can help you communicate with others more effectively.
5. SERVICE LEARNING – WHAT IT IS AND WHAT IT DOES
Andrea Bucher, student (Lee University (USA))
The concept of learning through serving others is gaining increasing popularity in the USA and at Lee University. It is based on the concept that a person learns most through engaging with others and in particular when performing a needed service through deeds of kindness and help. It is also a way of communicating with people with whom there is often few lines of open communication In this short paper the writer describes her experiences during one semester of service. She includes the challenges and joys of the experience and concludes that through this experience she gained more than the people she helped.
6. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TEACHERS AND PARENTS IN THE USA
Jamie Reed, student (Lee University)
This paper addresses the importance of parent –teacher communication. It considers the problem that many parents do not know exactly what their child is doing in the school setting. It offers a brief summary of one way that maybe an effective tool for communication between parents and teachers – The Parent Teacher Association. The paper outlines a brief history of the Parent Teacher Association together with a summary of organizational options.
7. THE CONCEPT OF INCLUSION IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN THE USA
Traci Davey, student (Lee University)
Children that Learn Together, Learn to Live Together. This statement is at the heart of the concept of inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom in the USA. It addresses also an essential facet of communication that differences cannot be overcome without integration and communication. This paper outlines some of the historical and legal requirements and development of the idea of Inclusion during the last two decades. It offers pros and cons of this controversial idea together with suggestions for making the experience a successful one for all concerned.
8. CURRENT ISSUES IN AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE. – MOTIVATION AND METHODS FOR TEACHING READING
Sarah Koestering, student (Lee University)
Two challenges in American schools today are the issues of the motivation to learn and the increased emphasis on teaching ALL children to read on grade level including those with mild disabilities. This paper offers an insight into two pieces of research on these topics. It describes the practice of introducing young children to early phonemic awareness activities and the benefits non benefits of this practice. The second short outline discusses the challenges of motivating all students to learn.
9. SUICIDE IN AMERICAN YOUTH: COMMUNICATION FOR PREVENTION
Lindsay Beacham, student (Lee University)
One f the challenges in society today is to address the problems that might face young people who are feeling stress in their every day lives and who look for a way out that does not solve problems, namely suicide. This paper looks at the causes, prevalence and remedies for addressing this problem. One of the most important preventions is that of ensuring that each student can communicate with someone and that each teacher and parent is educated in understanding and recognizing the tell-tale signs of suicide.
10. INTEGRATING STUDENTS WITH AUTISM IN THE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL SETTING
Laura Simpson, student (Lee University)
The incidence of Autism has reached frightening proportions in recent years and educational systems are challenged to meet the needs of these students in the educational system. This is a challenge for many countries and in many regions. This paper suggests one way for the education of these students namely, integration in the regular education system.
11. AWAKENING STUDENT SELF-REGULATED LEARNING ABILITIES
Michael Sturgeon, Director of Instructional Technology (Lee University)
Students of the 21st century are eager to learn and many instructors are discovering the practice of lecture alone to be less than efficient. Because of the concern that instructors in higher-education have pertaining to student learning, there is an emphasis on self-regulated learning. Instructors are now learning new ways to engage students in the learning versus depositing information into their heads as passive learners. Active learning and self-regulated learning go hand-in-hand and allow the student to become more responsible for their learning habits.
12. IMPOTENCE OF COMMUNICATION IN MODERN WORLD
Agneshka Yastrzhebska, MA, Warsaw (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Communication is an important aspect of human life. It supports people in their life and is inseparable from it. In the world that we are living today cross-cultural communication helps nations to understand each other, that’s why it should be studied and developed.
13. MIDDLE GRADES PHILOSOPHY IN THE U.S.A.
George Chaney, student (Lee University)
Засідання секцій:
WORKSHOPS
WORKSHOP 1 (Секція 1)
Translation
(Room 311)
Chair person: Iryna Lyfar, professor of English (ELI of Poltava)
Secretor: Svetlana Astahova, lecturer (ELI of Poltava)
1. PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN COMPOSITE TERMS IN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL LITERTURE (ON MATERIAL OF SEWING REFERENCE BOOKS)
D.A. Baglajenko (Kremenchuk State Polytechnical University named after M. Ostrogradskiy)
This work is devoted to the examination of the composite terms that one can find while reading the scientific-technical texts.
The main tasks of the work are as follows: to sort all the composite terms on the structural types, to demonstrate the distinguish features of each of them, to determine the translation peculiarities of each of the composite Nouns types, to find the most used types of composite terms and to give the own way of translation on the material of the sewing reference books. At the same time using different methods of investigation: descriptive, comparative, structural and statistical.
The conduction of this scientific research was carried out due to the special sewing reference books of the German companies Dürkopp Adler AG and PFAFF AG.
The results of the conducted investigation turned out to be as follows: there are 14 structural types of the composite terms in German and Ukrainian, but only 7 of them are represented in the texts of the sewing industry, and, for all that, with their inherent methods and ways of translation, which are analyzed in the work as well.
So, making a translation of the scientific-technical texts one should take into account common as well as specific for a definite language peculiarities of the scientific-technical literature, as only in this case one may consider to get a really functional and appropriate translation.
2. CONSIDERING LANGUAGE SPEAKERS’ MENTALITY IN THE TRANSLATION OF GERMAN ETHNOLEXEMES
S.V. Mokra (Kremenchuk State Polytechnical University named after M. Ostrogradskiy)
The offered degree thesis is devoted to the research of the translation as a process of rendering of German language speakers’ mentality. The mythological ethno lexemes of the German nation serve as an example. The research of the German mythological ethno lexemes gives the opportunity to study German ethnical mentality as a category of the Theory of translation. The Ukrainian and German fiction contains a lot of ethnical texts, that’s why the research of ethnical color rendering is gaining a special actuality in translation nowadays.
The Object of the research are the German mythological ethno lexemes: the names of ghosts (ghosts of forests, fields and water), house ghosts, the ghosts of war and human destiny; ritual ethno lexemes, mythological plants’ names and also the offered translation variants. The Subject of the research are the German mental traces and also the search of their ways of rendering in the process of translation of the German mythological ethno lexemes. The Purpose of the research is seen in the necessity of German mental traces rendering by means of effective translation ways. The Newness of the topic lies in the combination of the category of mentality with the translation process and study of ways of German mental traces rendering.
3. DIFFICULTIES IN UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN DIALECTS
Olga Kostyuchenko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Not all people who speak a language speak it the same way. A language can be subdivided into any number of dialects which each vary in some way from the parent language. Dialect has its own grammar, vocabulary, syntax, and common expressions as well as pronunciation rules that make it unique from other dialects of the same language.
Three things are needed for a new dialect to develop: a group of people living in close proximity to each other; this group living in isolation (either geographically or socially) from other groups; and the passage of time.
The difficulties in understanding different dialects lie in the differences between them. Fro example in New England, Eastern sub dialect and it is one of the most distinctive of all the American dialects. R's are often dropped, but an extra R is added to words that end with a vowel. A is pronounced AH so that we get "Pahk the cah in Hahvahd yahd" and "Pepperidge Fahm remembuhs."
It is also hard to understand what exactly some lexemes mean if you’ve never come across them. For example in Southern dialect exist words like: I am fixing to go, or ya’ll.
So for any profession connected with language study it is essential to be familiar with dialects.
4. THE USE OF THE BILINGUAL TEXTS IN TECHNICAL TRANSLATION TEACHING
Sergyi Shcherbyna, Ph.D, Galyna Fedortsova, lecturer (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
The efficiency of special terminology apprehension and subsequent mastering it can be considerably enhanced by using bilingual texts containing descriptions of various technical gadgets and devices. Nowadays Ukraine is trying to get its global market share producing different hi-tech equipment, in particular in oil and gas industry. Each such device is accompanied by technical specifications, normally issued in two or three languages (Ukrainian, Russian, English). Technical specifications greatly differ from other advertising and promotion materials as they contain specific terminology and are addressed to the technical and engineering staff of Western companies. Teaching technical translation when using the above materials presupposes several stages, including the work with terminology proper, the analysis of sentence structure peculiarities (use of passive constructions, premodification of noun by noun, etc.)
5. THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTION IN PREPARING FUTURE TRANSLATORS
Trevor Plett (Peace Corp Volunteer)
6. TRANSLATION METHODS IN “THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER” (BY MARK TWAIN) SYNONYMOUS AND ANTONYMOUS PHRASE UNITS
A. Portiana, student (Korolenko Pedagogical University of Poltava)
Phraseology is a very important part of the language as it imparts figurativeness, vividness to our speech, makes it laconic, expressive and original. Phraseological units are most spread in oral speech, belles-lettres and political literature. It is difficult to render phraseological units into other languages when translating as they are set expressions and have a specific historical contents. None of the dictionaries can supply all the variants of translation of this or that phraseological unit in a definite context.
“The adventures of Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain is very interesting from the point of view of translation as it contains a great many of phraseological units. When translating phraseological units different methods can be used. Studying the translation of “The adventures of Tom Sawyer” it was found out that the phraseological method of translation was used, particularly when translating synonymous phraseological units.
7. МОВЛЕННЄВА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ТА КУЛЬТУРА МАЙБУТНЬОГО ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧА
Svetlana Astahova, lecturer (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Сьогодні вже неможливо уявити наше життя без бурхливого розвитку технологій, нескінченного обміну інформації та процесу спілкування людей, що представляють різні культури, мають зовсім інші способи мислення та формування думок. На даному історичному етапі людство переживає процес світової глобалізації, що змушує кожну освічену людину слідкувати за вимогами часу. Цей процес стосується багатьох професіоналів, які працюють у сфері лінгвістики, зокрема викладачів іноземної мови та перекладачів. Міжкультурне спілкування як сфера діяльності філологів вимагає від них чіткого усвідомлення та розуміння не лише іншого менталітету й обізнаності в області понять та явищ, притаманних певній культурі, а й вмінні правильно їх застосовувати у мовленнєвій діяльності.
8. THE MAIN VARIANTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Olena Kryzhanovska, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
English is the national language of England proper, the USA, Australia and some provinces of Canada. British English, American English and Australian English are variants of the same language, because they serve all spheres of verbal communication. Their structural peculiarities, especially morphology, syntax and word-formation, as well as their word-stock and phonetic system are essentially the same. American and Australian standards are slight modifications of the norms accepted in the British Isles. The status of Canadian English has not yet been established. The main lexical differences between the variants are caused by the lack of equivalent lexical units in one of them, divergences in the semantic structures of polysemantic words and peculiarities of usage of some words on different territories.
WORKSHOP 2 (Секція 2)
Linguistics
(Room 311)
Chair person: Yulia Syrota, professor of English (ELI of Poltava)
Secretor: Tatiana Visych, MA (ELI of Poltava)
1. CATEGORY OF IMPERSONALITY IN ENGLISH (DIACHRONIC ASPECT)
Lidiya Zaiko, lecturer (Ukrainian Humanitarian Institute)
The status of the category of impersonality in English is controversial. It is possible to define the category of impersonality in synthetic languages such as Russian or Ukrainian. In Modern English it is not possible to define the formal category of impersonality due to the decline of morphological system, but it is possible to define semantic means of expressing impersonality. The category of impersonality has undergone some changes in the history of English. In Old English the number of impersonal verbs grew, and many of them were preserved in Middle English. In Middle English impersonal sentences formed a definite class versus sentences with nominal subject. In Modern English each grammatically correct sentence must have an overt nominal subject, which led to the disappearance of impersonal sentences.
2. A COGNITIVE METAPHOR
Anna Polina, Ph.D (Ukrainian Humanitarian Institute)
A cognitive metaphor is one of the means expressing and forming new notions and getting new knowledge. It is understood as meaning one concept or conceptual field through another concept or consensual field.
Biblical examples prove that while conceptualizing God well-known meaning of words are manipulated to create new meanings. With the help of the cognitive metaphor many qualities of God are conceptualized: the Head Ruler of His people, the Keeper and Protector, the Sacrifice, the Truth; He is loving, caring, close to people.
3. DEFECTIVE VERBS AND PHRASAL MODALS AND DIFFICULTIES OF THEIR TRANSLATION TO UKRAINIAN
Violetta Pavlenko, Ph.D (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Defective or modal verbs and their equalents are used when we say that we expect things to happen, or that events are possible (necessary impossible, improbable), or when we say that things did not happen, or when we are not sure whether they happened.
It is difficult to translate some expressions with modal verbs, f. e.: We must do quite a bit of tramping –нам доведеться чимало походити; We may get off now – ми можемо зараз вийти. Defective: deficient in certain forms. This term can be applied to modal verbs.
4. PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND TRANSLATION
Tatiana Visych, MA (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
This article is devoted to the problems of phraseology. Structure of phraseological units and ways of their rendering present a rather interesting theme for a translator. Classification according to the parts of speech was the basis for structural analysis of the units. There are three groups of phraseological units: verbal, substantive and adverbial. The most widely used structures used by Somerset Maugham in the novel “The Moon and Sixpence” are presented in the article. Special attention is paid to the ways of rendering phraseological units into Ukrainian.
5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS IN THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Olga Sydora, student, Iryna Lyfar, professor (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
In Ukrainian and English languages a lot of work has been done to understand why such phenomenons as idioms exist in all the languages. I have made a research on this theme and in it I have compared different classifications of idioms. They can be categorized according to many criteria: form, parts of speech that they contain, derivation or lexical meaning. But we can see that it is not enough to take only one of these features to understand the nature of idioms.
Idioms differ in all languages, because every country has its own history. But a lot of them have quite common features. Structure is the same in all languages.
When we translate them we should be acquainted with their derivation. Mostly we translate idioms with their equivalents. But sometimes we can translate them if they come to the languages from the same source language.
So by my research I want to show that classifications of idioms can help us to understand them.
6. THE PECULIARITIES OF IDIOMS IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN
Alina Shpak, student, Ludmila Zavada, professor, (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Language is one of the most important units, which build a nation. It leads a person from the first days of its life to the death. Also language develops with the society. To know language means to have a compete command of its structure and words. A dictionary helps us to research it, but the problem is that sometimes we can't find necessary equivalents in the dictionaries. That is why it is very important to know some idioms by heart.
Idioms play a great role in the Ukrainian and English languages. There are a lot of them and now we can't imagine our communication without such important items of speech. In my scientific work I research the history, classification and origin of phraseological units. As for me it is very interesting to work on this theme, because I get to know a lot of new and in such a way I broaden my outlook and language skills. I choose this topic because it has a great free space for researching. The phraseological units as well as language are changing now. So the languages have old and new idioms. That is why I like to study phraseological units very much, so I want to continue the researching on this topic in the future.
WORKSHOP 3 (Секція 3)
Communication
(Room 303)
Chair person: Natalia Diachenko, lecturer (ELI of Poltava)
Secretor: Anna Lyfar, professor of English (ELI of Poltava)
1. CULTURE CLASH OF COMMUNICATION STYLES
Nadia Shkarupa, lecture (Korolenko Pedagogical University of Poltava)
Cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly more and more important in the global environment. Due to increasing interaction between people from different countries many language-learners face the challenge of preventing and overcoming communication barriers. One of the primaries of cross-cultural communication is a problem of a culture clash. The essence of the notion “culture clash” does not mean only a situation in which some groups argue because they have very different beliefs and opinions. This problem touches all kinds of human activities including unilateral contacts such as: reading and translating foreign literature, getting to know foreign art, theatre, movie, songs.
Culture clash also happens in everyday situations. For instance, for many Ukrainian citizens it is a common thing to spot big boards for Marlboro cigarettes. The image of a cool cowboy seems attractive to the majority of Ukrainians, but they do not get aware of the fact that in Mexico a cowboy riding a horse is a representative of the poorest community that can afford only the cheapest cigarettes.
While teaching the art of cross-cultural communication teachers have to get their students acquainted with strategies to help them overcome any culture shock or a culture clash.
2. MASS-MEDIA IN UKRAINE AND IN POLTAVA
Julia Logvinenko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Mass-media plays a very important role in our life. It can teach, develop You, give some useful information and the most important role nowadays – entertain You. The most interesting themes in Ukraine seem to be the following:
• family/children;
• education/business;
• town news;
• news of the country;
• health;
• weather;
• humor;
• shopping.
Today there are 4 main ways of rendering the information: television, papers, radio, Internet. The most popular in Ukraine is TV. Poltava TV studio has its own channel which enjoys popularity of the inhabitants of the region.
The article deals with some interesting details of my work for Poltava TV-company.
3. HOW TO ENHANCE SELF-ASSESSMENT BY EUROPEAN LANGUAGE PORTFOLIO
Natalia Diachenko, lecturer (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
European Language Portfolio (ELP) is an effective tool for the language learner to self-assess his/her progress and achievements which includes a few internationally recognised documents.
Language Biography allows the language learner to record successive language and intercultural experiences.
The Dossier shows evidence of the language learner’s growth year-by-year and may consist of hands-on, tangible collection of best work, certificates and qualifications, PowerPoint presentations, videotapes, etc..
Europass Language Passport presents the learner’s level of language proficiency in a comprehensible, internationally comparable way thanks to the Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEF) and complements the Europass Curriculum Vitae (CV) to which it is attached.
4. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Maryna Kharkova, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
The seven main types of nonverbal communication include kinesics (body movements), proxemics (which involve space), time, touch, voice, artifacts, and physical appearance (see Figure 6-7). Kinesics includes (1) emblems, body movements that can be translated into words and that are used intentionally to transmit a message, (2) illustrators, a type of emblem that accompanies speech, (3) regulators, kinesic behaviors that control turn-taking or other procedural aspects of interpersonal communication, and (4) affect displays, kinesic behaviors that express emotions.
Although nonverbal communication is often at an unconscious level, it greatly influences the messages we send and receive. In order to overcome these hidden barriers, it is particularly important to become aware of cultural differences in nonverbal behavior.
5. ON THE WORK OF A GUIDE ABOUT POLTAVA
Alina Semerenko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Every year many American students come to Poltava, but do they know that more than 1100 years flew over Poltava, which has evolved from a small settlement into one of the most beautiful cities, spiritual treasury of Ukraine, where the ancient times & today have harmonically intertwined.
The events, which have framed our country’s destiny, happened near the walls of this old city. The first mention of Poltava was found in the chronicle of Ipatievsky monastery (Kostroma, Russia) dated approximately 1174. At the same time the excavations that have been carried out lately proved that our city is much older because the first settlement on the place of modern downtown existed in 7-6 centuries A.D.
And now it is a big city with a lot of parks, museums & attractive blocks of 19th-century buildings that attracts many tourists each year
6. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Tetiana Shchevlukova, lecturer (Korolenko State Pedagogical University of Poltava)
Language and culture are inseparable. Teachers of foreign languages generally agree that learning a foreign language also means learning culture and understanding culture. If language is an integral part of the culture, it means that in every language class learners receive not only information about the system of a language but also about the culture. Every word, every phrase that is taught has to be seen and put into a cultural context. Speakers of different languages have different perceptions of the world according to their culture perceptions.
7. ON NATIONAL UKRAINIAN CUISINE
Antonina Koneva, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
The national cuisine reflects the richness and folkways of Ukrainian people. As you know Ukraine has its own traditional cuisine. For example: “borsch”, “varenuky”, “golubsi”. In general, Ukrainian people like to eat very much. That’s why, they create a lot of recipes. One more important dish is our Poltava’s galushky is our favorite dish. What else I can say to you: “taste it”.
Bone appetite!
8. ON SOME CROSS-CULTURAL EXPERIENCE
Olena Pryhodko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Cross-cultural communication can be difficult, incomprehensible and inaccurate.
Sometimes another culture can be alien for us even if we know the original language well. The main peculiarity to avoid misunderstanding in cross- cultural communication is to practice more. To my mind, the best way is an experience of studying the language through exchanging information about your culture, life, country between you and the native speaker. If you have such opportunity, try to use it. Cross – cultural experience is a great job which you do for your self education in studying and speaking different languages. There are a lot of differences in culture but if you have such an experience it means that you can break borders in your communication. This way will help you not only in your education but to be more confident in talking with strangers, to make new friends and to be a successful.
9. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Anna Lyfar, professor (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Culture is an integral part of the language. The language of every nation is unique as it absorbs all cultural peculiarities and thus there are different world pictures fixed in the language, which is a manifestation of a national mentality. Culture determines the way we speak: what we say and how we say it. Language in its turn reflects culture, attitude of the whole nation and of a separate individual to the world and people around him. Thus, language competence all by itself is not enough for a successful communication. Proper lexical units should be combined with proper verbal and non-verbal behavior which is as well formed by culture.
People’s speech behavior in communicative situations is greatly determined by the norms of politeness which is the part of culture. So, to have a successfu communication interlocutors should be aware of its importance.
10. THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN MUSIC DEVELOPMENT
Natalia Kryvenko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Ukrainians are known popularly as a musical people with a remarkable legacy of folk songs and talented performers. During the Middle Ages, there were three kinds of music developed in Ukraine. The first was music making at the courts of princes and boyars. The first church music came from Byzantium and Bulgaria. In the second half of the 11th century, the Kyivan Cave Monastery became the center for the development of religious music in Ukraine. The third major type of music consisted of folk songs. Songs were connected with ritual calendar changes: Christmas carols (koliadky and shchedrivky), rusalka songs and so on. The 14th and 17th centuries saw the development of polyphoning singing. The 18th century witnessed a paradoxical situation in which Ukrainian music was absorbed by Russian musical development. The provincial state of Ukrainian musical life began to change only in the late 19th century. A lighter musical form that developed in the 20th century in Ukraine was stage music or, in a more general sense, popular music.
11. POLITICAL CORRECTNESS IN COMMUNICATION
Iryna Lyfar, professor (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Taking into consideration the fact that western ideology is interested more in the individual within the group rather than in the group in general (as compared to Ukraine and Russia), it is obvious that in the English-speaking countries there appeared and developed a powerful cultural-behavioral linguistic tendency of political correctness (PC). PC demands to remove from language all those units having negative effect on the feelings and dignity of an individual, and to find corresponding neutral or positive euphemisms for the unacceptable language units. Politeness is a strongly pronounced feature of the English-speaking society. That means that intercultural communication provides for no trifles.
12. INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION
Olga Ponomarenko, professor (Korolenko State Pedagogical University of Poltava)
Intercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures. This ability can exist in someone at a young age, or may be developed and improved. The bases for a successful intercultural communication are emotional competence, together with intercultural sensitivity.
A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting. Earlier experiences are considered, free from prejudices; there is an interest and motivation to continue learning. Cross-cultural competence (3С) does not operate in a vacuum, however. One theoretical construct posits that 3C, language proficiency, and regional knowledge are distinct skills that are inextricably linked, but to varying degrees depending on the context in which they are employed. In educational settings, Bloom’s affective and cognitive taxonomies serve as an effective framework to describe the overlap area between the three disciplines: at the receiving and knowledge levels 3C can operate with near independence from language proficiency or regional knowledge, but as one approaches the internalizing and evaluation levels the required overlap area approaches totality.
13. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Yanina Ryumina, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
The basis of communication is the interaction between people. Verbal communication is one way for people to communicate face-to-face. Some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Words alone have no meaning. Only people can put meaning into words. As meaning is assigned to words, language develops, which leads to the development of speaking. The actual origin of language is subject to considerable speculation. Some theorists believe it is an outgrowth of group activities such as working together or dancing. Others believe that language developed from basic sounds and gestures. The development of languages reflects class, gender, profession, age group, and other social factors. The huge variety of languages usually creates difficulties between different languages, but even within a single language there can be many problems in understanding.
14. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION: FACT AND FICTION
Anastasiya Fedostseva, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Communication, one of the basic needs of human existence, can be defined as the transfer or exchange of information between entities. Sense deprivation experiments have proved beyond doubt that a person cut off from communication of any sort begins to go mad fast. Verbal communication requires a language. Language, defined in terms of semantics, is a group of labels used to represent approximations of space-time events and abstractions. Non-verbal communication means communication which is independent of a formal language, communication whereby ideas and concepts can be expressed without the use of coherent labels. Generations of ancient tribes made do with non-verbal means of communication - animal-like guttural sounds, gestures, drawings - to fulfill their requirements before they latched on to a language. Let us look around carefully, and we are sure to be surprised at the number of non-verbal communication methods we find at our disposal today.
15. ELEMENTS OF ELITISM IN THE US SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Julia Trybushna, student, Victor Lapochka, lecturer (Korolenko State Pedagogical University of Poltava)
The modern stage of the development of education is characterized by the steady approximation of models of higher educational institutions on the basis of modernization of the didactic, technological and other structures.
The aim of our research is to investigate such a complicated phenomenon as elitism in the US system of higher education.
We offer to regard elitism in education as the phenomenon that appears on the basis of general acceptance of some educational structures as such that stand ahead of the rest because of their proved effectiveness. An element of elitism in education can be defined as a component that makes these educational structures different and superior in contrast to generally accessible ones.
Elitism has always contradicted the large-scale participation of people in all spheres of life. The first phenomenon is characterized by the refinement, exclusiveness and electiveness while the second is based on the accessibility and poor quality. It is true about the sphere of education. Higher educational establishments with the elite status contain all the best patterns in the organization of the US higher educational system. They absorbed an experience of the previous generations and present new approaches and methods in the field of education that make them highly selective and elite institutions.
Speaking about features of elitism in the US system of higher education we concentrate our attention on the Ivy League as the group of the oldest and the most popular north-eastern universities and Greek letter Societies, elite students unions.
16. PROVERBS AND SAYINGS IN THE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Tetyana Klochko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Our language is a very interesting matter for discussion. It’s build of different language bricks, and one of them. I’m going to discuss today. Phraseology (phraseo-stable word-combination, logos-science). Proverbs and sayings is one of the layers, phraseology builds from. It’s impossible to learn the culture without any knowledge of proverbs and saying. This is the part of language system that helps us to know better about some particular culture. When somebody asks: “How the enemy goes?” What would you answer? It simply means “What time is it?”
17. СКЛАДНІ СЛОВА В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТА АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВАХ. ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ШЛЯХІВ ЇХ УТВОРЕННЯ
Irina Shulzhenko, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
English language like other languages couldn’t avoid the changes in the social life of native speakers caused by realia of XXI century. The main sources of the innovations in speech were words, which were used during the informational revolution, economic changes, international terrorism, defense of the environment and all kinds of discrimination in society.
The paces of appearing of new word units in English language can be seen in the new version of the Collins Genus English Pocket Dictionary. On January 2002, 140 words were registered.
Nowadays there is a tendency in decreasing of the amount of new conversions. The most active way of creating new words is word combination and affixations Also analogy is very popular, e.g.:
glass → glass floor,
glass wall,
silicon ceiling.
18. THE LEVELS OF POLITENESS AND STYLES OF SPEECH
Oliynyk Iryna, professor (Korolenko State Pedagogical University of Poltava)
In the English speaking society the communication is conducted on the 3 levels of politeness: official, neutral and familiar.
On the official level of politeness the communication is observed in the official situation, where a prevalent meaning has neither age no sex, but social position of the communicants and their positions. The communication between strangers is realized on the neutral level of politeness. A familiar level of politeness is characteristic of family and friends’ relationships. So, the pledge of successive communication is not only proper pronunciation and fluency of the language but also a pertinent style of speech.
19. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Victoriya Pindich, student (Economics and Law Institute of Poltava)
Cross-cultural communication (also frequently referred to as intercultural communication) is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds endeavor to communicate.Intercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures. This ability can exist in someone at a young age, or may be developed and improved. The bases for a successful intercultural communication are emotional competence, together with intercultural sensitivity. A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting. Earlier experiences are considered, free from prejudices; there is an interest and motivation to continue learning.
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