PRACTICE QUESTIONS Unit 1 (for Quiz 1)



PRACTICE QUESTIONS Unit 1 (for Quiz 1)

What is Psychology?

History of Psychology

|1. |A psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychology's knowledge base is engaged in: |

|A) |basic research. |

|B) |applied research. |

|C) |industrial-organizational research. |

|D) |clinical research. |

|2. |Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called: |

|A) |basic researchers. |

|B) |applied psychologists. |

|C) |clinical psychologists. |

|D) |psychiatrists. |

|3. |The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n): |

|A) |clinical psychologist. |

|B) |industrial/organizational psychologist. |

|C) |developmental psychologist. |

|D) |psychiatrist. |

|4. |Socrates, Plato, and Descartes believed that: |

|A) |the mind is a blank slate at birth. |

|B) |mind and body are distinct and separable. |

|C) |true knowledge originates in sensory experience. |

|D) |mental processes reflect evolutionary change. |

|5. |Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body? |

|A) |Plato |

|B) |Socrates |

|C) |Aristotle |

|D) |Descartes |

|6. |Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”? |

|A) |Plato |

|B) |John Locke |

|C) |Immanuel Kant |

|D) |René Descartes |

|7. |The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year ________. |

|A) |Wundt; 1879 |

|B) |James; 1890 |

|C) |Freud; 1900 |

|D) |Watson; 1913 |

|8. |Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of |

|A) |animal intelligence. |

|B) |personality development. |

|C) |learning and memory. |

|D) |reactions to sensory stimulation. |

|9. |Wilhelm Wundt's early experiments were attempts to investigate which area of psychology? |

|A) |the causes of mental illnesses |

|B) |social conformity |

|C) |the simplest mental processes |

|D) |causes of aggression |

|10. |In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a |

| |sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?|

|A) |structuralism |

|B) |tabula rasa |

|C) |introspection |

|D) |functionalism |

|11. |The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called |

|A) |clinical psychology. |

|B) |introspection. |

|C) |spaced practice. |

|D) |humanism. |

|12. |The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by |

|A) |Wilhelm Wundt. |

|B) |William James. |

|C) |René Descartes. |

|D) |Sigmund Freud. |

|13. |Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the |

|A) |adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions. |

|B) |component elements of sensory experience. |

|C) |disruptive effects of unconscious motives. |

|D) |inward immediate sensations, feelings, and impulses. |

|14. |Who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology? |

|A) |Wilhelm Wundt |

|B) |Ivan Pavlov |

|C) |Jean Piaget |

|D) |William James |

|15. |In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on |

| |________. |

|A) |evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations |

|B) |observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information |

|C) |childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential |

|D) |introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation |

|E) |the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; the examination of the stream of consciousness and emotion |

|16. |In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists |

| |emphasized the study of ________. |

|A) |environmental influences; hereditary influences |

|B) |maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior |

|C) |unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings |

|D) |mental life; observable behavior |

|17. |Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as “the scientific study of observable |

| |behavior”? |

|A) |John B. Watson |

|B) |Edward Titchener |

|C) |Wilhelm Wundt |

|D) |William James |

|18. |John Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________. |

|A) |heredity; environment |

|B) |observable behavior; inner sensations |

|C) |mental illness; psychotherapy |

|D) |cognitive perspective; psychoanalytic perspective |

|19. |Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are most closely associated with: |

|A) |cognitive psychology. |

|B) |behaviorism. |

|C) |psychodynamic theory. |

|D) |humanistic psychology. |

|20. |Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's: |

|A) |childhood memories. |

|B) |genetic predispositions. |

|C) |unconscious thought processes. |

|D) |potential for healthy growth |

Contemporary Psychology

Perspectives

|21. |Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to ________. |

|A) |observation; introspection |

|B) |psychohistory; psycholinguistics |

|C) |nature; nurture |

|D) |functionalism; structuralism |

|22. |The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of |

|A) |functionalism. |

|B) |humanistic psychology. |

|C) |multiple levels of analysis. |

|D) |structuralism. |

|23. |Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? |

|A) |evolutionary |

|B) |biological |

|C) |behavioral |

|D) |psychodynamic |

|24. |The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on: |

|A) |natural selection. |

|B) |brain chemistry. |

|C) |unconscious conflicts. |

|D) |learned behaviors. |

|25. |Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited? |

|A) |cognitive |

|B) |behavioral |

|C) |evolutionary |

|D) |social-cultural |

|26. |Which psychological perspective is most likely to be concerned with identifying the powers and the limits of human reasoning? |

|A) |cognitive |

|B) |behavioral |

|C) |neuroscience |

|D) |behavior genetics |

|27. |Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic |

| |communities? |

|A) |evolutionary |

|B) |psychodynamic |

|C) |social-cultural |

|D) |neuroscience |

|28. |Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological |

| |traits? |

|A) |cognitive |

|B) |behavior genetics |

|C) |social-cultural |

|D) |psychodynamic |

|29. |In a class, Dr. Berna talked how abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. This description |

| |highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders. |

|A) |psychodynamic |

|B) |humanistic |

|C) |biological |

|D) |social-cultural |

|30. |Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the |

| |survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective. |

|A) |social-cultural |

|B) |cognitive |

|C) |evolutionary |

|D) |psychodynamic |

|31. |Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's irritability toward her results from his unconscious feelings of hostility toward his |

| |own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is interpreting her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective. |

|A) |evolutionary |

|B) |behavioral |

|C) |psychodynamic |

|D) |behavior genetics |

|32. |Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to |

| |stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective. |

|A) |humanistic |

|B) |cognitive |

|C) |biological |

|D) |psychodynamic |

|E) |behavioral |

|33. |Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students organize and think about the information in their textbooks will strongly |

| |influence their ability to later remember and use what they have studied. Dr. MacPherson's ideas most directly exemplify the |

| |________ perspective. |

|A) |cognitive |

|B) |psychodynamic |

|C) |humanistic |

|D) |biological |

|34. |Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be |

| |attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.|

|A) |humanistic |

|B) |psychodynamic |

|C) |biological |

|D) |social-cultural |

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