PDF -Ifpw CS-t»-cnbpw

A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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CS-t?-cn-sb-?p-dn?v Hm??p-t?m Hcp icm-icn ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\- n?

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s]s?p sXfn-bp hcn-I "A[n-Imcw sIm?Ww BZyw \mw / AXn-

\p-ta-em-Is? s]mm-cy' F-Xm-Wv. 1948? "]p?I-ehpw Acn-hmfpw'

F Xs, {]kn--amb Ihn-X-bn? CS-t?cn Cu hcn-I Fgp-Xn. A[n-

Im-c-L-S-\-I-tfm-Sp sXmgn-em-fn--I?jI sNdp-?p-\n-ev]p-I-fpsS hocyw

Nn{Xo-I-cn-bv?p Xs, {]kn--amb cp Ihn-X-I CS-t?cn Fgp-Xp-

Xv 1948-em-Wv. 1948 P\pcn 25s, ]ptcm-KXn hnti-jm? {]Xn-bn?

"Bin v' F t]cn?, "]Wn-ap-S?w' F t]cn? ]n??me?v {]kn-

-amb IhnX CS-t?cn {]kn--s-Sp-?n. 1948 HIvtSm-_? 15s, ssNX\yw

e?-?n? "]p? Iehpw Acn-hmfpw' F Ihn-Xbpw {]kn-o-I-cn-?p.

Cu cp Ihn-X-Ifpw Htc h?jw C?s\ Hcp{Ia-?n? ]pd-?p-h-Xv

tIhew BI-kvan-I-am-Im CS-bn-. A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-I amn-a-dn-bv?m

thn Azm-\n-bv?p P\-hn-`m-K-? \S-?m-\n-cn-bv?p BXy-?nI

hn-h-?ns, ap-Wn-tm-cm-fn-I sXmgn-em-fnIfpw Ah-cpsS A\p-_`

in-I Irjn-?mcpw Bbn-cn-bv?p-sa [mcW A?m-e-am-b-tm-

tgbv?pw tIc-f-?nse Iyq-Wn?v {]?m\w P\-?sf ]Tn-n-bv?m

{ian-?p-Xp-S-?n-bn-cp-p. ]Wn-ap-S-?-?n\p t]cp-tI? Xr?q-cn? ?nc-Xm-a-

k-am-?n-bn-cp Xs, Nne kplr-?p-?-fn-eqsS hnim-e-tem-I-?ns, Imv

Xn-tebv?v ASn-?p-I-b-dn-b-Xns, A\-?-c-^-e-am-bn-?mWv "]Wn-ap-S?w'

F Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xp-Xv Fv CS-t?-cn-bpsS Bap-J-{]-kvXm-h\ CS-t?-

cn-?-hn-X-I-fpsS s]mXp-em-fn-Xy-?n?\n-p-S-se-Sp-?p Hcp tIhe

{]kvXm-h\ am{X-am-bn- I-m? aXn. t?{X-?nse arK-_en t]mse

Zmcp-W-amb hnf-P-]vXn-bn? _`-s? aqp I?n-I-tfbpw (I?j-I,

Pn, tImS-Xn) X\n-bv?-Sp?p ]cn-N-b-ap-sv "]p? Iehpw Acn-

hmfpw' F Ihn-X-bpsS Bap-J-?nepw CS-t?cn Fgp-Xp-p-v. A[n-Im-

c-i-n-bpsS {Kma-X-e-cq-]-?-fn? Hn-t\mSv \oXn-\ym-b-t?m-S-Xn-I-tfmSv

_`-s? Hcp D]-Po-h-\-am?K-am-bn-cp-tm CS-t?-cn-bv?p-m-bn-cp--

Xv. h?K-hn-`-Pn-X-amb Hcp kaq-l-?n? \nb-a--\o-Xn-\ym-b-hy-h-?-Ifpw

tImS-Xnbpw BcpsS `mK?p \n??p-sav ASp-?p-Ip a\- n-em-?p-

hm CXpa- qew CSt- ?c- nbv?p IgnTM - p. Xs, apn? Act- ?d- p C?cw

hnf-P-]vXn-I "Bcp hnX-bv?p-p, Bcp sIm?pp' F \nc-?cw Ae-

?p Hcp tNmZyhpw At?-l-?ns, a\- n? hnX-?p. Atem-k-c-s-Sp-

?p Cu tNmZy-as{X CS-t?-cn-bpsS {]Jym-X-amb B I?-kn-m-?-

?n-s,-bpw, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-?nse b?{]iv\-?-fpsS t\??v At?lw

ssIs?m \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-?m-\w. Ae-?p Cu cp tNmZy-

?sf ]ncn-?-In AXn\p \Sp-hn? Hcp tIma-s,bpw IpSpw-_-?n-s,bpw

IY tN??psh?tm-gmWv ]p?Iehpw Acn-hmfpw F IhnX cq]-

s-?Xv Fv "Fs, ]Wn-pc' F teJ-\-?n? At?lw tcJ-s-Sp-

?n-bn-?p-v.

"F?h hnX-t?mcp hns?mpw apf-bv?mbvhm

F?ns\ ]Xn-?s]?p I?ta \nIm-bvI-fn??'

Fv Cu tNmZyw {]I-S-ambn "Du??bpw hn?q-epw' F Ihn-X-

bn? CS-t?cn hmZn-bv?p-p-ap-v. Xs \nc-?cw Ae-?nb Cu tNmZy-

?n?\nv kz?-amb Hcp?chpw At?lw \n?n-s?-Sp-?n-?p-v. hn?n-

d? - p - X- np ap]v \new \nc- mt- ? - X- ps- - pw, "hnja- X- c- ? - fmw kmaq-

lyX- e- ? - f- n? hnjh- - nI- t? thcq - n- nS- nb- v?m' Ignbq Fpw AtX

Ihn-X-bn??s At?lw hy-am-?p-p-v. Atm- tNmZy-an-XmWv.

Xs, Ime-am-b-tm-tgbv?v tIc-f-?n? {]N-cn-bv?m XpS-?n-bn-cp

A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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Iyq-Wn?v Bi-b-K-Xn-I-fn? \nv h?K-hn-`-Pn-X-amb kaq-l-s?-?p-dn?pw AXns, {]iv\-?-sf-?p-dn?pw CS-t?cn hXpw a\- n-em-?n-bn-cppthm? CXn-p-?cw B Ihn-X-I-fnse ka{K Z?i-\-?n? \np-am{Xw Dcp-?n-cn-s?-Sp-?m Ign-bp Hm-Wv. hyn x kaq-lw, lnwk x Alnwk, {Kmaw x \K-cw, {Kma-tI-{?o-Ir-X-amb Dev]mZ\ hnX-cWw x b{?-hXvIr-X-amb Dev]m-Z\ hnX-c-Ww, ]cn-?nXn x hnI-k-\w, Fgp-?p-Im-cs, bpn-hn-[pc-amb kz]v\-temIw x bpn-`-{Z-amb A?-c-tem-Iw, I?j-Ik-aqlw x Ipeo\ kaqlw Fn-?s\ CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I?v Ne-\-tijn \?Ip GXm\pw Zz?z-?sf (Binary Oppositions) B Ihn-X-I-fn? \nv IsSp?m Ign-bpw. Cu Iq?-?n? Ghpw {][m-\-s-?-Xt{X lnwktbm Alnw-ktbm F tNmZyw. "tNmc-ss?-hm-fn-\q-Wmw...' Fmcw`- nb- v?p B {]kn- a- mb t?mIw apX? ap Noc, _p\pw Rm\pw \cnbpw XpS?n \nc-h[n Ihn-X-I-fn? Cu Zz?zw N?? sN?-s-Sp-p-v. _p{- ]X- na- s- Im - mb- mepw thn- , A{Ia- nb- v?m hcp \cnsb sImpI-X-s-thWw FXpXs-bmWv Cu N??Ifn?\nv CS-t?cn Dcp-?ncn-s?-Sp-?p ImgvN-m-Sv. Npcp-?-?n? a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-t?mSp _`-sSp?n Xs, Ihn-X-I-fn? CS-t?cn D-bn-bv?p tNmZy-?-f-{Xbpw A[nIm-c-L-S-\-I-tfmSv \S-?nb tNmZy-?-fm-bn-cpp Fpw ImWmw. Cu A[nIm-c-?m-\?v CS-t?cn Pn-Xzs?n-?p-v, apX-em-fn-?-s?-?-n?p-v, {]Ir-Xn-sb-bpw, {]N-fi-cq-]n-Wn-I-fmb alm-amXm-?-sfbpw In?p-v, tImS-Xn-sbbpw \nb-a-?-sfbpw In-?p-v. a\p-jysc Pohn-bv?m-\\p-h-Zn-bv?m? A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-I-tfm-Sp Ielw CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I-fnse in-t{km-X- m-Wv. A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-I-tfmSp {]Xn-tj-[n-bv?p IpSn-bn-d?-s-Sp--h-cpsS Hcp hen-b-temIw Xs CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I-fn-ep-v. AhcpsS \nkz-Zpx-J-?v cmjv{Sm-Xn??n-I-fn-. Cu IpSn-bn-d-?-s-Sp--hcmWv Ncn-{X-\n?m-Xm-?- Fv CS-t?cn hniz-kn-?p. Ncn-{X-?ns, DghpN- me- n?- \nv cph- ?K? - f- p - mb- s- X? - ns\ FXv CSt- ?c- nsb Fpw Ae-?n-b tNmZy-am-Wv. Cusbmcp tNmZyw Iptd-?qSn Db? Hcp Xe-?n? \np-sImv CS-t?cn C?s\ tNmZn-?n-?p-v.

"Dgp-sXm-cp-Nm-em-en-cp-hcn aW? ?nc-I-fpm?n-p-tcm-K-an-bv?p-t?m Ccp i_vZ-?nsesmcp-sf-?m-sW- sXmcp-am-{X-bn-se-n? {]Xn-`m-kn-?mtem'

(D-]cn]T-\-?n\v F Ihn-X) "A[n-Imcw sIm?Ww' Fp- ]-d-bp-t?m A[n-Imcw \njvIm-k\w sN?-W-satm A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-I Xs thstm A CS-t?cn Dt?in-?-Xv. h?K-hn-`-PnXkaq-l-?-fn? A[n-Im-cs? kw_-`n-bv?p Fm tNmZy-?fpw Hcn-S?v tI{?o-I-cn-?p--Xmbn?mWmw. \ne-hn-ep A[nIm-c-L-S\ GXp h?K-?ns, XmXv]cyw kwc-?nbv?pw hn[w D-XmWv? GXp h?K-?ns, XmXv]cyw kwc-?nbv?pw hn[-amWv AXv {Iao-Icn-bv?-s-tS-Xv? \yq\-]-?-?n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb A[n-Im-c-{]-tbm-K-?sf P\m[- n]- X- ym[- nI- mc- {- ]t- bmK- ? - sImv adnI- S- t- ? - X- mb- n?- ps- - X- mWv CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I-fn? apg-?p hmZw Fv Icp-tX--Xp-v. A[n-Im-c{]-tbm-K-? GXp-an-m? kzbw-`-cWw FXv kmy-amtWm? A[n-Imc-i-nsb ]msS Dq-e\w sN?pI km[y-amtWm? A[n-Im-c-i-n-I-sf?p-dn-?p {]kn--amb Hcp {]_-`-?n? (A-[n-Im-c-i-n-sb-?p-dn?v F {]_-`w) kmaq-ly-hn--h-?ns, BZy-e?yw A[n-Im-c-i-n-bpsS Dq-e\w BIWw Fp {]Jym-]n-?p--h-tcmSv FwK?kv C?-s\-sbmcp tNmZyw D-bn-bv?p-p-v. hnhw Xs Ghpw henb Hcp A[n-Im-c-in-{]-tbm-K-am-Wv. Hcp hn`mKw P\X \nhr-?n-bn-m? kml-N-cy-?n? A\n-hm-cy-sa-?n? Bbp-[w-sIm-p-t]mepw asmcp P\-hn-`m-K-?n-\p-ta? ASn-t??n-bv?p A[n-Im-c-{]-tbmKw Xs-bmWv hn-hw. GsXmcp hnh- ? - ns- ,bpw tI{?{- ]iv\w A[nI- mc- ? - ns, {]iv\a- mW - v. ^yqU? {]amWn-?-?n? \nv _q?jzm {]am-Wn-?-?n-tebv?v A[n-Imcw ssIamw

A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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sN?-s?Xv Hcp hn-h-am-bn-cp-p. ]n?n-cn- _q?jzI-fn? \npw, cmjv{Sob s]mcp-?p-I-?-h-S-?m-cn? \npw A[n-Imcw Azm-\n-bv?p P\h- n`- mK- ? - f- nt- ebv?pw Ahc- psS kJyi- - nI- f- nt- ebv?pw F?nb- v?pI F-XmWv P\-Iob hn-h-?ns, e?y-sapw am?Ivkn-b XXzimkv{Xw ]d-bp-p-v. Atm A[n-Im-c-?ns, Dq-e-\-a, A[n-Im-c?ns, ^e-{]-Z-amb D]-tbm-K-amWv am\p-jnI \-I?mbn AXp-]tbm-Kn-bv?-s-Sp-ptm F {]iv\-amWv {][m-\w. C?mcyw CS-t?cn In-cp-p. "]g-Inb Nmep-I ampI' F Xs, {]kn--amb Ihn-Xbn? At?lw C?s\ FgpXn

"]dbq, ISw-I-Y-bt; bmcp-sam cmsf \nb-{?n-bv?m-\n nhn-sS, t?-bn \nb-{?nX amsbmcp Pohn-X-_n?p am\-h-t\-sd-bp-K-? XncTM XnsXm-n\p tho-?t{X Xmt\ Xs-s??pw Ib-dn kzm-X{?y hntcm[n!' Akzm-X-{?y-hn-tcm-[n-bmb a\p-jy Xmt\-Xs sI?pw Ib-dm-bn-?mWv A[nI- mc- s- ?bpw \nba- ? - s- fbpw ImtW - s- X - mWv CSt- ?c- nb- psS ImgvNm-Sv. Ib-dm-bn-?-, Hcp ImWm-?-b-dmbn \nev?p--Xm-bncn-bv?Ww A[nImcw F-XmWv kao-]-\w. C?mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-bv?m ]p?I-ehpw Acn-hmfpw F Ihn-Xbnse {]kn--amb Ah-km-\-`mKw Xs-sb-Sp-?mw. tIma- hnf-bn? s]mm-cy hb-en-\p-Nppw Hcp IpSpw-_-?ns, {]Xo?-I apgp-h HmW-?p-?n-I-sf-tmse ]mdn-\-S-?p--Xn-s\-?p-dn?v hniZo-I-cn-?-Xn-p-ti-jw, "Btc sImbv?p-I-gn-?-Xo-bm-n? tIma hnf-bn? s]mm-cy tIma-\p-a ]Wn-?mcpw Hcp tImS-Xn-bm-ao\p-am?mcpw' F A{]-Xo-?nX ]cn-Wm-a-?n-tebv?v Xs, Ihn-Xsb sImp-sNs-?n-?-Xn-p-tijw tIma \nsmcp t\mt?-Ip tImS-Xn-bv?p-tm-c-[n-Imcw! .. ... .. ... ... ... ... Pnbv?p sNtpw ]m?-_m-?n-bv?p P]vXnbpw sImbv?p-ao-[n-?mcw Fv B A[n-Im-c-[n?mcs?-?p-dn?v Xs, tcmjw Ihn {]I-Sn-nbv?p - p - v. Ipnb- v?n? KPwt- ]mse Iens- Im - p\- ne- v?p tIma, Xopen-t]mse Non-b-Sp-?p Nm?-, DI ]?n-sb-Sp-?n?v DuXp ap]-Wn-?m? Fn-?s\ \nc-h[n h\yhpw arK-kw-_-`n-bp-amb cq]-I-?fn? Ihn B k??`-?ns, Xo{h-X-hy--am-?p-p-v. Fm-n-t,bpw \Sphn? Iev]-\-bp-v, Ifn-bvt?-s Xm?o-Xp-ambn Imev]m-b-?-S-emkp \nh??n I?n-ep-b??n-?m-Wn?v \n??p tImS-Xo-bm-ao. Ipn-bv?n? KPw t]mse \n??p tIma\pw B?mcpw, Ipn-s]m-?n-?m? Bao Db??n-n-Sn-?p-\n-evIp B tImS-Xn-bp-?-c-hn\v Im?mb IS-em- ns, hnet- ]me- pa- ns- - pX- s- b- mWv CSt- ?c- nb- psS hywKyw. Ncn{- Xh- pw, AXns, \ne-\n?n-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-?fpw BcmWv \n?n-?p-Xv F tNmZy?n\v hfsc hy-amb D?cw Xs-bmWv CS-t?cn \?Ip--Xv. "]Wnap-S-?w,' "]p?I-ehpw Acn-hmfpw' t]mse-bp-- I-hnXI-fn? _mlyX-e-?n??s Cu {]iv\w N??-sN-?-s-Sp-p-s-?n? "]qX-m-?v', "Imhn-se-m?v' XpS-?nb Ihn-X-I-fpsS B?-cnILS-\-I (Deep Structure) ]cn-tim-[n-?p-t?m am{Xta CtX {]iv\w Xs-bmWv CS-t?cn N?? sN?p--sXv \ap?p a\- n-em-Ip-p-q. A[n-Im-c-L-S\m

A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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{]h??\ssien-I hmIv]m-cp-jy-?ntem, Zfi-]m-cp-jy-?ntem Ahkm-\n-bv?p-n-. A?cw ssien-I ^en-bv?msX hcp-t?m, {]tem`-\-?-fn-tebv?pw apw AXv \ofp-Xv "]qX-m?v' t]mep Ihn-X-I-fn? ImWmw. A[n-Im-c-?m-\-?p Hcm hne-]n-Sn-p-Xpw {]nb-s-?-Xpamb Hv A]-l-cn-?p-sIm-p-t]m-IpI F Xe-?n? ]cn-tim-[n-?m? ]p?I-ehpw Acn-hm-fpw, ]qX-m-?v, Imhn-se-m?v XpS?nb Ihn-X-IfpsS B?c- nI- L - S- \- I- HpX- s- b- msWv ImWm Ignb- pw. NXpc- wKw A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-tbmSv tN?p\n??p Hcp Ifn-bm-Wv, cmPmhpw ]ptcmln-X\pw NXp-cw-K-ssk-\yhpw sh?n-am-epw Fmw D Hcp Ifn. "hcZm\w' F CS-t?-cn-bpsS {]kn--amb IhnX tIh-e-bmb Hcp hynbpsS \ne-\n?pw NXp-cwKw F A[n-Im-c-?-fn-cq-]-Ihpw Cg-tN??p]nc- n?- ps- Im - pt- ]mI- p - X- v IqSpX- ? hniZ- a- mbn ]Tnb- vt? Imcya- ms- Wv ChnsS kqNn-n-bv?pI am{Xw sNbvXp-sIm--s?. GXp `c-W-Iq-Sb{??ns,bpw sh]- qi- nb Npac- nt- ? hc?- ps- hb- ? v p ASb- mfw apSnt?m-en-t,-Xm-bn-cnbv?pw Fv Im?jn-I-amb coXn-bn? "Imftbm Ietbm' F Ihn-X-bn? CS-t?cn {]kvXm-hn-?p-p-v. "s]uck-aqlw' (Civil Society) cmjv{Sob kaqlw (Political Society) Fsm-s?-bp {Kmwjn-b (A-t,m-Wntbm {Kmwjn) Nn?-I-fpw, eqbo A?q-k-dpsS {]Xyb- i- mk- v{X- `- c- W - I- qS b{?w (Idiological State Apparatus) s]mseb- p ImgvN-m-Sp-Ifpw hcpXnv F{Xtbm ap]p-Xs Cu hI-Xn-cnhv CSt?-cn-?-hn-X-I?v Dm-bn-?p-v. "Imcm-Kr-tlm-Zcw s]phtm / cmPmhn-s\bpw {]`p-?-sfbpw' Fs-gp-Xnb CS-t?-cnbv?v A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-IfpsS B{Im-a-I-hpw, cl-kym-fl-Ihpw, {]tem-`\m-fl-I-hp-amb Fm hi?fpw Xncn-?-dn-bm Ign-bp-p-sv hyw.

"Xe-\m?s?m-Sn-bpsS \qdm-sem-cp- I\ taepw hc-sIm-tm \e-tam-S-Xncp hc-?Xp ssZhw icnbpw sXpw Xn?'

(hn-[n-sb-gp-Xp-t?m) Fsg- pX- p CSt- ?c- nbv?v icns- X- pI- f- psS Bt]? - nI- X- I- s- f? - pd- n?pw hy-amb [mc-W-bp-v. s]mIpw h??n-bpsS {]kn--am-sbmcp IYbp-tm tamU? h??nbv?v kn. ]n. cma-kzm-an-A-?-cpsS `c-WIqSw XS-hp-in? \evInb IY-bm-Wn-Xv. kn. ]n. {^mknkv Fsmcp X???m-c ] F Hcp sNdp--?m-c\v ]pXn-b -tam-U? j??v Xbv]n?p sImSp-?p--XmWv IY. ]\v ]mI-am-Im? j??v Xbv?p-sIm-Sp?p {^mknkv AXmWv ]s, ico-c-{]-Ir-Xnbv?p tNcp Ipmbw Fv A?-?mbn ]d-bp-p. {]iv\w \n?p-th Ipmbw GsXv BcmWv Xocp-am-\n-bv?p--sX-m-Wv. AtX Rm Xs-bmWv Fs, j??ns, amXrI \n>-bn-bvt?--sXv ] Xd-n-?p-Xs ]d-bp-p. CS-t?-cnbpw A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-I-fpsS hne-?p-I-sfms? amn-sh-?p-sImv

"kzmX-{?y-hmt\ \o Xpn-?p-sIm-mepw t_m[n-?-t]m-ep Ipm-b-? sa?-f-sh-s?-pw, Is?-{X-bv?m-sWpw C?p-tm??n-tm imTy-sampw kz--X ]men?p Im-Xn-em-{Klw kz---?-X-bv?-Xnses?mcq\w'

(]-?p-Ip-m-bw) kzmX-{?y-?n\v CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I-fnse `mjyw CXm-sWp ]d-bmw. Bib- ? - \n?nb- v?p A[nI- mc- L - S- \- I- t- fbpw CtX Afh- n??s CS-t?cn [n?-cn-bv?p-p-v.

"shfn?w XqIn-Sp-tmfw ]qPm?lw Xms\m-cm-ibw AXn-cp--g?Nm-dp-t?m s]m?n-bm-?pI Xm hcw'

(s]m?n ]pd?v iothmXn AI-?v)

A[n-ImcLS-\-Ifpw CS-t?-cnbpw

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CS-t?-cn-?-hn-X-I-fn? Rm I-Xn?ht?hpw {it-b-amb Hcp ]p\?P-\n-_nw_w DZm-l-cn-bv?s?

""A\p-`-h-?Xth-cn? ]pf-TMp-Rm \Ise \o?s? Po??-s?m-en-pdw''

.CsX-gp-Xnb Ihnbv?v A[n-Im-c-L-S-\-Ifpw \nb-a-?fpw ASn-bv?Sn

s]mfn-s?-gp-tX--h-bm-sW XnITM t_m[ap-m-bn-cp-p.

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